# Vulkan® 1.4.304 - A Specification (with all registered extensions)

The Khronos® Vulkan Working Group
version 1.4.304, 2025-01-13 20:32:51Z
from git branch: Git branch not available commit: Git commit not available

Loading… please wait.

Search:

## 12. Resource Creation

Vulkan supports two primary resource types: buffers and images. Resources are views of memory with associated formatting and dimensionality. Buffers provide access to raw arrays of bytes, whereas images can be multidimensional and may have associated metadata.

Other resource types, such as acceleration structures and micromaps use buffers as the backing store for opaque data structures.

### 12.1. Buffers

Buffers represent linear arrays of data which are used for various purposes by binding them to a graphics or compute pipeline via descriptor sets or certain commands, or by directly specifying them as parameters to certain commands.

Buffers are represented by `VkBuffer` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkBuffer)

To create buffers, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateBuffer(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkBufferCreateInfo*                   pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkBuffer*                                   pBuffer);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the buffer object.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferCreateInfo structure containing parameters affecting creation of the buffer.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pBuffer` is a pointer to a VkBuffer handle in which the resulting buffer object is returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-device-09664
  `device` must support at least one queue family with one of the `VK_QUEUE_VIDEO_ENCODE_BIT_KHR`, `VK_QUEUE_VIDEO_DECODE_BIT_KHR`, `VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_QUEUE_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`, or `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` capabilities

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-flags-00911
  If the `flags` member of `pCreateInfo` includes `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, and the `extendedSparseAddressSpace` feature is not enabled, creating this `VkBuffer` must not cause the total required sparse memory for all currently valid sparse resources on the device to exceed `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`sparseAddressSpaceSize`

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-flags-09383
  If the `flags` member of `pCreateInfo` includes `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, the `extendedSparseAddressSpace` feature is enabled, and the `usage` member of `pCreateInfo` contains bits not in `VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedSparseAddressSpacePropertiesNV`::`extendedSparseBufferUsageFlags`, creating this `VkBuffer` must not cause the total required sparse memory for all currently valid sparse resources on the device, excluding `VkBuffer` created with `usage` member of `pCreateInfo` containing bits in `VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedSparseAddressSpacePropertiesNV`::`extendedSparseBufferUsageFlags` and `VkImage` created with `usage` member of `pCreateInfo` containing bits in `VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedSparseAddressSpacePropertiesNV`::`extendedSparseImageUsageFlags`, to exceed `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`sparseAddressSpaceSize`

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-flags-09384
  If the `flags` member of `pCreateInfo` includes `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` and the `extendedSparseAddressSpace` feature is enabled, creating this `VkBuffer` must not cause the total required sparse memory for all currently valid sparse resources on the device to exceed `VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedSparseAddressSpacePropertiesNV`::`extendedSparseAddressSpaceSize`

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-pNext-06387
  If using the VkBuffer for an import operation from a VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA where a VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA has been chained to `pNext`, `pCreateInfo` must match the VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA::`createInfo` used when setting the constraints on the buffer collection with vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-pBuffer-parameter
  `pBuffer` must be a valid pointer to a VkBuffer handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_KHR`

The `VkBufferCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBufferCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType        sType;
        const void*            pNext;
        VkBufferCreateFlags    flags;
        VkDeviceSize           size;
        VkBufferUsageFlags     usage;
        VkSharingMode          sharingMode;
        uint32_t               queueFamilyIndexCount;
        const uint32_t*        pQueueFamilyIndices;
    } VkBufferCreateInfo;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkBufferCreateFlagBits specifying additional parameters of the buffer.

- `size` is the size in bytes of the buffer to be created.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkBufferUsageFlagBits specifying allowed usages of the buffer.

- `sharingMode` is a VkSharingMode value specifying the sharing mode of the buffer when it will be accessed by multiple queue families.

- `queueFamilyIndexCount` is the number of entries in the `pQueueFamilyIndices` array.

- `pQueueFamilyIndices` is a pointer to an array of queue families that will access this buffer. It is ignored if `sharingMode` is not `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`.

If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo structure, VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo::`usage` from that structure is used instead of `usage` from this structure.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-None-09499
  If the `pNext` chain does not include a VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo structure, `usage` must be a valid combination of VkBufferUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-None-09500
  If the `pNext` chain does not include a VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo structure, `usage` must not be 0

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-size-00912
  `size` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sharingMode-00913
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `pQueueFamilyIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `queueFamilyIndexCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sharingMode-00914
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `queueFamilyIndexCount` must be greater than `1`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sharingMode-01419
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, each element of `pQueueFamilyIndices` must be unique and must be less than `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` returned by either vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2 or vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties for the `physicalDevice` that was used to create `device`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-00915
  If the `sparseBinding` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-00916
  If the `sparseResidencyBuffer` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-00917
  If the `sparseResidencyAliased` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-00918
  If `flags` contains `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`, it must also contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-pNext-00920
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo structure, its `handleTypes` member must only contain bits that are also in VkExternalBufferProperties::`externalMemoryProperties.compatibleHandleTypes`, as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties with `pExternalBufferInfo->handleType` equal to any one of the handle types specified in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-01887
  If the `protectedMemory` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-None-01888
  If any of the bits `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, or `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` are set, `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` must not also be set

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-pNext-01571
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV structure, and the `dedicatedAllocation` member of the chained structure is `VK_TRUE`, then `flags` must not include `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, or `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-deviceAddress-02604
  If VkBufferDeviceAddressCreateInfoEXT::`deviceAddress` is not zero, `flags` must include `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-opaqueCaptureAddress-03337
  If VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo::`opaqueCaptureAddress` is not zero, `flags` must include `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-03338
  If `flags` includes `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`, the `bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-usage-04813
  If `usage` includes `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_BIT_KHR` or `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR`, and `flags` does not include `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR`, then the `pNext` chain must include a VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure with `profileCount` greater than `0` and `pProfiles` including at least one VkVideoProfileInfoKHR structure with a `videoCodecOperation` member specifying a decode operation

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-usage-04814
  If `usage` includes `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR` or `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_BIT_KHR`, and `flags` does not include `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR`, then the `pNext` chain must include a VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure with `profileCount` greater than `0` and `pProfiles` including at least one VkVideoProfileInfoKHR structure with a `videoCodecOperation` member specifying an encode operation

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-08325
  If `flags` includes `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR`, then `videoMaintenance1` must be enabled

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-pNext-10249
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure and for any element of its `pProfiles` member `videoCodecOperation` is `VK_VIDEO_CODEC_OPERATION_ENCODE_AV1_BIT_KHR`, then the `videoEncodeAV1` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-size-06409
  `size` must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Properties::`maxBufferSize`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-usage-08097
  If `usage` includes `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, creating this `VkBuffer` must not cause the total required space for all currently valid buffers using this flag on the device to exceed VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorBufferPropertiesEXT::`samplerDescriptorBufferAddressSpaceSize` or VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorBufferPropertiesEXT::`descriptorBufferAddressSpaceSize`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-usage-08098
  If `usage` includes `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, creating this `VkBuffer` must not cause the total required space for all currently valid buffers using this flag on the device to exceed VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorBufferPropertiesEXT::`resourceDescriptorBufferAddressSpaceSize` or VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorBufferPropertiesEXT::`descriptorBufferAddressSpaceSize`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-08099
  If `flags` includes `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT`, the `descriptorBufferCaptureReplay` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-pNext-08100
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT structure, `flags` must contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-usage-08101
  If `usage` includes `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_PUSH_DESCRIPTORS_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, the `descriptorBufferPushDescriptors` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-usage-08102
  If `usage` includes `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_PUSH_DESCRIPTORS_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorBufferPropertiesEXT`::`bufferlessPushDescriptors` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-usage-08103
  If `usage` includes `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_PUSH_DESCRIPTORS_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`, `usage` must contain at least one of `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` or `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-09641
  If `flags` includes `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`, then `usage` must not contain any of the following bits

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_COUNTER_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_CONDITIONAL_RENDERING_BIT_EXT`

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR`

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STORAGE_BIT_KHR`

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR`

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_PUSH_DESCRIPTORS_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_MICROMAP_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_EXT`

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_MICROMAP_STORAGE_BIT_EXT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA, VkBufferDeviceAddressCreateInfoEXT, VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo, VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo, VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV, VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo, VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT, or VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkBufferCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sharingMode-parameter
  `sharingMode` must be a valid VkSharingMode value

The `VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    typedef struct VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo {
        VkStructureType        sType;
        const void*            pNext;
        VkBufferUsageFlags2    usage;
    } VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    typedef VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 specifying allowed usages of the buffer.

If this structure is included in the `pNext` chain of a buffer creation structure, `usage` is used instead of the corresponding `usage` value passed in that creation structure, allowing additional usage flags to be specified. If this structure is included in the `pNext` chain of a buffer query structure, the usage flags of the buffer are returned in `usage` of this structure, and the usage flags representable in `usage` of the buffer query structure are also returned in that field.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_USAGE_FLAGS_2_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

Bits which can be set in VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo::`usage`, specifying usage behavior of a buffer, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    // Flag bits for VkBufferUsageFlagBits2
    typedef VkFlags64 VkBufferUsageFlagBits2;
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT = 0x00000001ULL;
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_TRANSFER_DST_BIT = 0x00000002ULL;
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000004ULL;
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000008ULL;
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000010ULL;
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000020ULL;
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000040ULL;
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000080ULL;
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000100ULL;
    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT = 0x00020000ULL;
    #ifdef VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS
    // Provided by VK_AMDX_shader_enqueue with VK_KHR_maintenance5 or VK_VERSION_1_4
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_EXECUTION_GRAPH_SCRATCH_BIT_AMDX = 0x02000000ULL;
    #endif
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT_KHR = 0x00000001ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_TRANSFER_DST_BIT_KHR = 0x00000002ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000004ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000008ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000010ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000020ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000040ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000080ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000100ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_EXT_conditional_rendering
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_CONDITIONAL_RENDERING_BIT_EXT = 0x00000200ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000400ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_NV_ray_tracing
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_RAY_TRACING_BIT_NV = 0x00000400ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_EXT_transform_feedback
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x00000800ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_EXT_transform_feedback
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_COUNTER_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x00001000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_KHR_video_decode_queue
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_BIT_KHR = 0x00002000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_KHR_video_decode_queue
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR = 0x00004000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_KHR_video_encode_queue
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_BIT_KHR = 0x00008000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_KHR_video_encode_queue
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR = 0x00010000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with (VK_VERSION_1_2 or VK_KHR_buffer_device_address) or VK_EXT_buffer_device_address
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_KHR = 0x00020000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure with VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR = 0x00080000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure with VK_KHR_maintenance5
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STORAGE_BIT_KHR = 0x00100000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x00200000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x00400000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_PUSH_DESCRIPTORS_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x04000000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_MICROMAP_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_EXT = 0x00800000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5 with VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_MICROMAP_STORAGE_BIT_EXT = 0x01000000ULL;
    // Provided by VK_EXT_device_generated_commands
    static const VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_PREPROCESS_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x80000000ULL;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    typedef VkBufferUsageFlagBits2 VkBufferUsageFlagBits2KHR;

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used as the source of a transfer command (see the definition of `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT`).

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used as the destination of a transfer command.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used to create a `VkBufferView` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used to create a `VkBufferView` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used in a `VkDescriptorBufferInfo` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot either of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used in a `VkDescriptorBufferInfo` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot either of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as the `buffer` parameter to vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2 and vkCmdBindIndexBuffer.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as an element of the `pBuffers` array to vkCmdBindVertexBuffers.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as the `buffer` parameter to vkCmdDrawIndirect, vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect, vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectNV, vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectCountNV, `vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectEXT`, `vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectCountEXT`, vkCmdDrawClusterIndirectHUAWEI, or vkCmdDispatchIndirect. It is also suitable for passing as the `buffer` member of `VkIndirectCommandsStreamNV`, or `sequencesCountBuffer` or `sequencesIndexBuffer` or `preprocessedBuffer` member of `VkGeneratedCommandsInfoNV`. It is also suitable for passing as the underlying buffer of either the `preprocessAddress` or `sequenceCountAddress` members of `VkGeneratedCommandsInfoEXT`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_CONDITIONAL_RENDERING_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as the `buffer` parameter to vkCmdBeginConditionalRenderingEXT.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for using for binding as a transform feedback buffer with vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_COUNTER_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for using as a counter buffer with vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT and vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer is suitable to contain sampler and combined image sampler descriptors when bound as a descriptor buffer. Buffers containing combined image sampler descriptors must also specify `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer is suitable to contain resource descriptors when bound as a descriptor buffer.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_PUSH_DESCRIPTORS_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer, when bound, can be used by the implementation to support push descriptors when using descriptor buffers.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_RAY_TRACING_BIT_NV` specifies that the buffer is suitable for use in vkCmdTraceRaysNV.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer is suitable for use as a Shader Binding Table.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer is suitable for use as a read-only input to an acceleration structure build.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STORAGE_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer is suitable for storage space for a VkAccelerationStructureKHR.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used to retrieve a buffer device address via vkGetBufferDeviceAddress and use that address to access the buffer’s memory from a shader.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer can be used as the source video bitstream buffer in a video decode operation.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR` is reserved for future use.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer can be used as the destination video bitstream buffer in a video encode operation.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR` is reserved for future use.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_EXECUTION_GRAPH_SCRATCH_BIT_AMDX` specifies that the buffer can be used for as scratch memory for execution graph dispatch.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_PREPROCESS_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer can be used as a preprocess buffer for Device-Generated Commands.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    typedef VkFlags64 VkBufferUsageFlags2;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    typedef VkBufferUsageFlags2 VkBufferUsageFlags2KHR;

`VkBufferUsageFlags2` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkBufferUsageFlagBits2.

Bits which can be set in VkBufferCreateInfo::`usage`, specifying usage behavior of a buffer, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkBufferUsageFlagBits {
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000040,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000080,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000100,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT = 0x00020000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_decode_queue
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_BIT_KHR = 0x00002000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_decode_queue
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR = 0x00004000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_transform_feedback
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x00000800,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_transform_feedback
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_COUNTER_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x00001000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_conditional_rendering
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_CONDITIONAL_RENDERING_BIT_EXT = 0x00000200,
    #ifdef VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS
      // Provided by VK_AMDX_shader_enqueue
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_EXECUTION_GRAPH_SCRATCH_BIT_AMDX = 0x02000000,
    #endif
      // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR = 0x00080000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STORAGE_BIT_KHR = 0x00100000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_ray_tracing_pipeline
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000400,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_queue
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_BIT_KHR = 0x00008000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_queue
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR = 0x00010000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x00200000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x00400000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_PUSH_DESCRIPTORS_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT = 0x04000000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_MICROMAP_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_EXT = 0x00800000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_MICROMAP_STORAGE_BIT_EXT = 0x01000000,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_RAY_TRACING_BIT_NV = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_buffer_device_address
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_EXT = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_buffer_device_address
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT_KHR = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT,
    } VkBufferUsageFlagBits;

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used as the source of a transfer command (see the definition of `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT`).

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used as the destination of a transfer command.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used to create a `VkBufferView` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used to create a `VkBufferView` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used in a `VkDescriptorBufferInfo` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot either of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used in a `VkDescriptorBufferInfo` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot either of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as the `buffer` parameter to vkCmdBindIndexBuffer2 and vkCmdBindIndexBuffer.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as an element of the `pBuffers` array to vkCmdBindVertexBuffers.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as the `buffer` parameter to vkCmdDrawIndirect, vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect, vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectNV, vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectCountNV, `vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectEXT`, `vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectCountEXT`, vkCmdDrawClusterIndirectHUAWEI, or vkCmdDispatchIndirect. It is also suitable for passing as the `buffer` member of `VkIndirectCommandsStreamNV`, or `sequencesCountBuffer` or `sequencesIndexBuffer` or `preprocessedBuffer` member of `VkGeneratedCommandsInfoNV`. It is also suitable for passing as the underlying buffer of either the `preprocessAddress` or `sequenceCountAddress` members of `VkGeneratedCommandsInfoEXT`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_CONDITIONAL_RENDERING_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as the `buffer` parameter to vkCmdBeginConditionalRenderingEXT.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for using for binding as a transform feedback buffer with vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_COUNTER_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for using as a counter buffer with vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT and vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer is suitable to contain sampler and combined image sampler descriptors when bound as a descriptor buffer. Buffers containing combined image sampler descriptors must also specify `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer is suitable to contain resource descriptors when bound as a descriptor buffer.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_PUSH_DESCRIPTORS_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer, when bound, can be used by the implementation to support push descriptors when using descriptor buffers.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_RAY_TRACING_BIT_NV` specifies that the buffer is suitable for use in vkCmdTraceRaysNV.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_BINDING_TABLE_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer is suitable for use as a Shader Binding Table.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_INPUT_READ_ONLY_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer is suitable for use as a read-only input to an acceleration structure build.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STORAGE_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer is suitable for storage space for a VkAccelerationStructureKHR.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used to retrieve a buffer device address via vkGetBufferDeviceAddress and use that address to access the buffer’s memory from a shader.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer can be used as the source video bitstream buffer in a video decode operation.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR` is reserved for future use.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer can be used as the destination video bitstream buffer in a video encode operation.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR` is reserved for future use.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_EXECUTION_GRAPH_SCRATCH_BIT_AMDX` specifies that the buffer can be used for as scratch memory for execution graph dispatch.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkBufferUsageFlags;

`VkBufferUsageFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkBufferUsageFlagBits.

Bits which can be set in VkBufferCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying additional parameters of a buffer, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkBufferCreateFlagBits {
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT = 0x00000004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT = 0x00000008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT = 0x00000010,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT = 0x00000020,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_maintenance1
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR = 0x00000040,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_buffer_device_address
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT = VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_buffer_device_address
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_KHR = VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT,
    } VkBufferCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` specifies that the buffer will be backed using sparse memory binding.

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be partially backed using sparse memory binding. Buffers created with this flag must also be created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flag.

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` specifies that the buffer will be backed using sparse memory binding with memory ranges that might also simultaneously be backing another buffer (or another portion of the same buffer). Buffers created with this flag must also be created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flag.

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` specifies that the buffer is a protected buffer.

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` specifies that the buffer’s address can be saved and reused on a subsequent run (e.g. for trace capture and replay), see VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo for more detail.

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` specifies that the buffer can be used with descriptor buffers when capturing and replaying (e.g. for trace capture and replay), see VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT for more detail.

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR` specifies that the buffer can be used in video coding operations without having to specify at buffer creation time the set of video profiles the buffer will be used with.

See Sparse Resource Features and Physical Device Features for details of the sparse memory features supported on a device.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkBufferCreateFlags;

`VkBufferCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkBufferCreateFlagBits.

If the `pNext` chain includes a `VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV` structure, then that structure includes an enable controlling whether the buffer will have a dedicated memory allocation bound to it.

The `VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_dedicated_allocation
    typedef struct VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBool32           dedicatedAllocation;
    } VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `dedicatedAllocation` specifies whether the buffer will have a dedicated allocation bound to it.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO_NV`

To define a set of external memory handle types that may be used as backing store for a buffer, add a VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkBufferCreateInfo structure. The `VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        const void*                        pNext;
        VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags    handleTypes;
    } VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_external_memory
    typedef VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfoKHR;

Note | A `VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo` structure with a non-zero `handleTypes` field must be included in the creation parameters for a buffer that will be bound to memory that is either exported or imported.

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleTypes` is zero or a bitmask of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits specifying one or more external memory handle types.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo-handleTypes-parameter
  `handleTypes` must be a valid combination of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits values

To request a specific device address for a buffer, add a VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkBufferCreateInfo structure. The `VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint64_t           opaqueCaptureAddress;
    } VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_buffer_device_address
    typedef VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `opaqueCaptureAddress` is the opaque capture address requested for the buffer.

If `opaqueCaptureAddress` is zero, no specific address is requested.

If `opaqueCaptureAddress` is not zero, then it should be an address retrieved from vkGetBufferOpaqueCaptureAddress for an identically created buffer on the same implementation.

If this structure is not present, it is as if `opaqueCaptureAddress` is zero.

Applications should avoid creating buffers with application-provided addresses and implementation-provided addresses in the same process, to reduce the likelihood of `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS` errors.

Note | The expected usage for this is that a trace capture/replay tool will add the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` flag to all buffers that use `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT`, and during capture will save the queried opaque device addresses in the trace. During replay, the buffers will be created specifying the original address so any address values stored in the trace data will remain valid. Implementations are expected to separate such buffers in the GPU address space so normal allocations will avoid using these addresses. Applications and tools should avoid mixing application-provided and implementation-provided addresses for buffers created with `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`, to avoid address space allocation conflicts.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_CREATE_INFO`

Alternatively, to request a specific device address for a buffer, add a VkBufferDeviceAddressCreateInfoEXT structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkBufferCreateInfo structure. The `VkBufferDeviceAddressCreateInfoEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_buffer_device_address
    typedef struct VkBufferDeviceAddressCreateInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkDeviceAddress    deviceAddress;
    } VkBufferDeviceAddressCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `deviceAddress` is the device address requested for the buffer.

If `deviceAddress` is zero, no specific address is requested.

If `deviceAddress` is not zero, then it must be an address retrieved from an identically created buffer on the same implementation. The buffer must also be bound to an identically created `VkDeviceMemory` object.

If this structure is not present, it is as if `deviceAddress` is zero.

Applications should avoid creating buffers with application-provided addresses and implementation-provided addresses in the same process, to reduce the likelihood of `VK_ERROR_INVALID_DEVICE_ADDRESS_EXT` errors.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferDeviceAddressCreateInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CREATE_INFO_EXT`

The `VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef struct VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA {
        VkStructureType              sType;
        const void*                  pNext;
        VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA    collection;
        uint32_t                     index;
    } VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure

- `collection` is the VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- `index` is the index of the buffer in the buffer collection from which the memory will be imported

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA-index-06388
  `index` must be less than VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA::`bufferCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_COLLECTION_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO_FUCHSIA`

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA-collection-parameter
  `collection` must be a valid VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

To destroy a buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyBuffer(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the buffer.

- `buffer` is the buffer to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-buffer-00922
  All submitted commands that refer to `buffer`, either directly or via a `VkBufferView`, must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-buffer-00923
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `buffer` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-buffer-00924
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `buffer` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-buffer-parameter
  If `buffer` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-buffer-parent
  If `buffer` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `buffer` must be externally synchronized

### 12.2. Buffer Views

A buffer view represents a contiguous range of a buffer and a specific format to be used to interpret the data. Buffer views are used to enable shaders to access buffer contents using image operations. In order to create a valid buffer view, the buffer must have been created with at least one of the following usage flags:

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`

Buffer views are represented by `VkBufferView` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkBufferView)

To create a buffer view, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateBufferView(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkBufferViewCreateInfo*               pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkBufferView*                               pView);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the buffer view.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferViewCreateInfo structure containing parameters to be used to create the buffer view.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pView` is a pointer to a VkBufferView handle in which the resulting buffer view object is returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateBufferView-device-09665
  `device` must support at least one queue family with one of the `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` capabilities

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateBufferView-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateBufferView-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferViewCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateBufferView-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateBufferView-pView-parameter
  `pView` must be a valid pointer to a VkBufferView handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkBufferViewCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBufferViewCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        const void*                pNext;
        VkBufferViewCreateFlags    flags;
        VkBuffer                   buffer;
        VkFormat                   format;
        VkDeviceSize               offset;
        VkDeviceSize               range;
    } VkBufferViewCreateInfo;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `buffer` is a VkBuffer on which the view will be created.

- `format` is a VkFormat describing the format of the data elements in the buffer.

- `offset` is an offset in bytes from the base address of the buffer. Accesses to the buffer view from shaders use addressing that is relative to this starting offset.

- `range` is a size in bytes of the buffer view. If `range` is equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, the range from `offset` to the end of the buffer is used. If `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` is used and the remaining size of the buffer is not a multiple of the texel block size of `format`, the nearest smaller multiple is used.

The buffer view has a buffer view usage identifying which descriptor types can be created from it. This usage can be defined by including the VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo structure in the `pNext` chain, and specifying the `usage` value there. If this structure is not included, it is equal to the VkBufferCreateInfo::`usage` value used to create `buffer`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-offset-00925
  `offset` must be less than the size of `buffer`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-range-00928
  If `range` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `range` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-range-00929
  If `range` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `range` must be an integer multiple of the texel block size of `format`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-range-00930
  If `range` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, the number of texel buffer elements given by (⌊`range` / (texel block size)⌋ × (texels per block)) where texel block size and texels per block are as defined in the Compatible Formats table for `format`, must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxTexelBufferElements`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-offset-00931
  If `range` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, the sum of `offset` and `range` must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-range-04059
  If `range` is equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, the number of texel buffer elements given by (⌊(size - `offset`) / (texel block size)⌋ × (texels per block)) where size is the size of `buffer`, and texel block size and texels per block are as defined in the Compatible Formats table for `format`, must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxTexelBufferElements`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-00932
  `buffer` must have been created with a `usage` value containing at least one of `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-format-08778
  If the buffer view usage contains `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`, then format features of `format` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-format-08779
  If the buffer view usage contains `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`, then format features of `format` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-00935
  If `buffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-offset-02749
  If the `texelBufferAlignment` feature is not enabled, `offset` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minTexelBufferOffsetAlignment`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-02750
  If the `texelBufferAlignment` feature is enabled and if `buffer` was created with `usage` containing `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`, `offset` must be a multiple of the lesser of VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties::`storageTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes` or, if VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties::`storageTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment` is `VK_TRUE`, the size of a texel of the requested `format`. If the size of a texel is a multiple of three bytes, then the size of a single component of `format` is used instead

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-02751
  If the `texelBufferAlignment` feature is enabled and if `buffer` was created with `usage` containing `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`, `offset` must be a multiple of the lesser of VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties::`uniformTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes` or, if VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties::`uniformTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment` is `VK_TRUE`, the size of a texel of the requested `format`. If the size of a texel is a multiple of three bytes, then the size of a single component of `format` is used instead

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-pNext-06782
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExportMetalObjectCreateInfoEXT structure, its `exportObjectType` member must be `VK_EXPORT_METAL_OBJECT_TYPE_METAL_TEXTURE_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-pNext-08780
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo, its `usage` must not contain any other bit than `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-pNext-08781
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo, its `usage` must be a subset of the VkBufferCreateInfo::`usage` specified or VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo::`usage` from VkBufferCreateInfo::`pNext` when creating `buffer`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkBufferUsageFlags2CreateInfo or VkExportMetalObjectCreateInfoEXT

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique, with the exception of structures of type VkExportMetalObjectCreateInfoEXT

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkBufferViewCreateFlags;

`VkBufferViewCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

To destroy a buffer view, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyBufferView(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBufferView                                bufferView,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the buffer view.

- `bufferView` is the buffer view to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-bufferView-00936
  All submitted commands that refer to `bufferView` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-bufferView-00937
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `bufferView` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-bufferView-00938
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `bufferView` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-bufferView-parameter
  If `bufferView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `bufferView` must be a valid VkBufferView handle

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-bufferView-parent
  If `bufferView` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `bufferView` must be externally synchronized

#### 12.2.1. Buffer View Format Features

Valid uses of a VkBufferView may depend on the buffer view’s format features, defined below. Such constraints are documented in the affected valid usage statement.

- If Vulkan 1.3 is supported or the `VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2` extension is supported, then the buffer view’s set of format features is the value of VkFormatProperties3::`bufferFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 on the same `format` as VkBufferViewCreateInfo::`format`.

### 12.3. Images

Images represent multidimensional - up to 3 - arrays of data which can be used for various purposes (e.g. attachments, textures), by binding them to a graphics or compute pipeline via descriptor sets, or by directly specifying them as parameters to certain commands.

Images are represented by `VkImage` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkImage)

To create images, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateImage(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageCreateInfo*                    pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkImage*                                    pImage);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the image.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkImageCreateInfo structure containing parameters to be used to create the image.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pImage` is a pointer to a VkImage handle in which the resulting image object is returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateImage-device-09666
  `device` must support at least one queue family with one of the `VK_QUEUE_VIDEO_ENCODE_BIT_KHR`, `VK_QUEUE_VIDEO_DECODE_BIT_KHR`, `VK_QUEUE_OPTICAL_FLOW_BIT_NV`, `VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_QUEUE_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`, or `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` capabilities

- VUID-vkCreateImage-flags-00939
  If the `flags` member of `pCreateInfo` includes `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, and the `extendedSparseAddressSpace` feature is not enabled, creating this `VkImage` must not cause the total required sparse memory for all currently valid sparse resources on the device to exceed `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`sparseAddressSpaceSize`

- VUID-vkCreateImage-flags-09385
  If the `flags` member of `pCreateInfo` includes `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, the `extendedSparseAddressSpace` feature is enabled, and the `usage` member of `pCreateInfo` contains bits not in `VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedSparseAddressSpacePropertiesNV`::`extendedSparseImageUsageFlags`, creating this `VkImage` must not cause the total required sparse memory for all currently valid sparse resources on the device, excluding `VkBuffer` created with `usage` member of `pCreateInfo` containing bits in `VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedSparseAddressSpacePropertiesNV`::`extendedSparseBufferUsageFlags` and `VkImage` created with `usage` member of `pCreateInfo` containing bits in `VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedSparseAddressSpacePropertiesNV`::`extendedSparseImageUsageFlags`, to exceed `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`sparseAddressSpaceSize`

- VUID-vkCreateImage-flags-09386
  If the `flags` member of `pCreateInfo` includes `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` and the `extendedSparseAddressSpace` feature is enabled, creating this `VkImage` must not cause the total required sparse memory for all currently valid sparse resources on the device to exceed `VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedSparseAddressSpacePropertiesNV`::`extendedSparseAddressSpaceSize`

- VUID-vkCreateImage-pNext-06389
  If a VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA has been chained to `pNext`, `pCreateInfo` must match the Sysmem chosen `VkImageCreateInfo` excepting members VkImageCreateInfo::`extent` and VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` in the match criteria

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateImage-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateImage-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateImage-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateImage-pImage-parameter
  `pImage` must be a valid pointer to a VkImage handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_COMPRESSION_EXHAUSTED_EXT`

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_KHR`

The `VkImageCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkImageCreateFlags       flags;
        VkImageType              imageType;
        VkFormat                 format;
        VkExtent3D               extent;
        uint32_t                 mipLevels;
        uint32_t                 arrayLayers;
        VkSampleCountFlagBits    samples;
        VkImageTiling            tiling;
        VkImageUsageFlags        usage;
        VkSharingMode            sharingMode;
        uint32_t                 queueFamilyIndexCount;
        const uint32_t*          pQueueFamilyIndices;
        VkImageLayout            initialLayout;
    } VkImageCreateInfo;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkImageCreateFlagBits describing additional parameters of the image.

- `imageType` is a VkImageType value specifying the basic dimensionality of the image. Layers in array textures do not count as a dimension for the purposes of the image type.

- `format` is a VkFormat describing the format and type of the texel blocks that will be contained in the image.

- `extent` is a VkExtent3D describing the number of data elements in each dimension of the base level.

- `mipLevels` describes the number of levels of detail available for minified sampling of the image.

- `arrayLayers` is the number of layers in the image.

- `samples` is a VkSampleCountFlagBits value specifying the number of samples per texel.

- `tiling` is a VkImageTiling value specifying the tiling arrangement of the texel blocks in memory.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkImageUsageFlagBits describing the intended usage of the image.

- `sharingMode` is a VkSharingMode value specifying the sharing mode of the image when it will be accessed by multiple queue families.

- `queueFamilyIndexCount` is the number of entries in the `pQueueFamilyIndices` array.

- `pQueueFamilyIndices` is a pointer to an array of queue families that will access this image. It is ignored if `sharingMode` is not `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`.

- `initialLayout` is a VkImageLayout value specifying the initial VkImageLayout of all image subresources of the image. See Image Layouts.

Images created with `tiling` equal to `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` have further restrictions on their limits and capabilities compared to images created with `tiling` equal to `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`. Creation of images with tiling `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` may not be supported unless other parameters meet all of the constraints:

- `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- `format` is not a depth/stencil format

- `mipLevels` is 1

- `arrayLayers` is 1

- `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- `usage` only includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` and/or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

Images created with one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, have further restrictions on their limits and capabilities compared to images created with other formats. Creation of images with a format requiring Y′CBCR conversion may not be supported unless other parameters meet all of the constraints:

- `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- `mipLevels` is 1

- `arrayLayers` is 1, unless the `ycbcrImageArrays` feature is enabled, or otherwise indicated by VkImageFormatProperties::`maxArrayLayers`, as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties

- `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

Implementations may support additional limits and capabilities beyond those listed above.

To determine the set of valid `usage` bits for a given format, call vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties.

If the size of the resultant image would exceed `maxResourceSize`, then vkCreateImage must fail and return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`. This failure may occur even when all image creation parameters satisfy their valid usage requirements.

If the implementation reports `VK_TRUE` in VkPhysicalDeviceHostImageCopyProperties::`identicalMemoryTypeRequirements`, usage of `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_HOST_TRANSFER_BIT` must not affect the memory type requirements of the image as described in Sparse Resource Memory Requirements and Resource Memory Association.

Note | For images created without `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT` a `usage` bit is valid if it is supported for the format the image is created with. For images created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT` a `usage` bit is valid if it is supported for at least one of the formats a `VkImageView` created from the image can have (see Image Views for more detail).

Image Creation Limits

Valid values for some image creation parameters are limited by a numerical upper bound or by inclusion in a bitset. For example, VkImageCreateInfo::`arrayLayers` is limited by `imageCreateMaxArrayLayers`, defined below; and VkImageCreateInfo::`samples` is limited by `imageCreateSampleCounts`, also defined below.

Several limiting values are defined below, as well as assisting values from which the limiting values are derived. The limiting values are referenced by the relevant valid usage statements of VkImageCreateInfo.

- Let `uint64_t imageCreateDrmFormatModifiers[]` be the set of Linux DRM format modifiers that the resultant image may have.

  - If `tiling` is not `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then `imageCreateDrmFormatModifiers` is empty.

  - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT, then `imageCreateDrmFormatModifiers` contains exactly one modifier, VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT::`drmFormatModifier`.

  - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT, then `imageCreateDrmFormatModifiers` contains the entire array VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT::`pDrmFormatModifiers`.

- Let `VkBool32 imageCreateMaybeLinear` indicate if the resultant image may be linear.

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, then `imageCreateMaybeLinear` is `VK_TRUE`.

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then `imageCreateMaybeLinear` is `VK_FALSE`.

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then `imageCreateMaybeLinear` is `VK_TRUE` if and only if `imageCreateDrmFormatModifiers` contains `DRM_FORMAT_MOD_LINEAR`.

- Let `VkFormatFeatureFlags imageCreateFormatFeatures` be the set of valid format features available during image creation.

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, then `imageCreateFormatFeatures` is the value of VkFormatProperties::`linearTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties with parameter `format` equal to VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, and if the `pNext` chain includes no VkExternalFormatANDROID or VkExternalFormatQNX structure with non-zero `externalFormat`, then `imageCreateFormatFeatures` is the value of VkFormatProperties::`optimalTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties with parameter `format` equal to VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, and if the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatANDROID structure with non-zero `externalFormat`, then `imageCreateFormatFeatures` is the value of VkAndroidHardwareBufferFormatPropertiesANDROID::`formatFeatures` obtained by vkGetAndroidHardwareBufferPropertiesANDROID with a matching `externalFormat` value.

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, and if the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatQNX structure with non-zero `externalFormat`, then `imageCreateFormatFeatures` is the value of VkScreenBufferFormatPropertiesQNX::`formatFeatures` obtained by vkGetScreenBufferPropertiesQNX with a matching `externalFormat` value.

  - If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA structure, then `imageCreateFormatFeatures` is the value of VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA::`formatFeatures` found by calling vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA with a parameter `collection` equal to VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA::`collection`

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then the value of `imageCreateFormatFeatures` is found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 with VkImageFormatProperties::`format` equal to VkImageCreateInfo::`format` and with VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesListEXT chained into VkFormatProperties2; by collecting all members of the returned array VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesListEXT::`pDrmFormatModifierProperties` whose `drmFormatModifier` belongs to `imageCreateDrmFormatModifiers`; and by taking the bitwise intersection, over the collected array members, of `drmFormatModifierTilingFeatures`. (The resultant `imageCreateFormatFeatures` may be empty).

- Let `VkImageFormatProperties2 imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList[]` be defined as follows.

  - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains no VkExternalFormatANDROID or VkExternalFormatQNX structure with non-zero `externalFormat`, then `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is the list of structures obtained by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2, possibly multiple times, as follows:

    - The parameters VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`format`, `imageType`, `tiling`, `usage`, and `flags` must be equal to those in VkImageCreateInfo.

    - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure whose `handleTypes` is not `0`, then VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`pNext` must contain a VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo structure whose `handleType` is not `0`; and vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 must be called for each handle type in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes`, successively setting VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo::`handleType` on each call.

    - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains no VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure, or contains a structure whose `handleTypes` is `0`, then VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`pNext` must either contain no VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo structure, or contain a structure whose `handleType` is `0`.

    - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains a VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure then VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`pNext` must also contain the same VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure on each call.

    - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then:

      - VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`pNext` must contain a VkPhysicalDeviceImageDrmFormatModifierInfoEXT structure where `sharingMode` is equal to VkImageCreateInfo::`sharingMode`;

      - if `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, then `queueFamilyIndexCount` and `pQueueFamilyIndices` must be equal to those in VkImageCreateInfo;

      - if `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT`, then the VkImageFormatListCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 must be equivalent to the one included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo;

      - if VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains a VkImageCompressionControlEXT structure, then the VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`pNext` chain must contain an equivalent structure;

      - vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 must be called for each modifier in `imageCreateDrmFormatModifiers`, successively setting VkPhysicalDeviceImageDrmFormatModifierInfoEXT::`drmFormatModifier` on each call.

    - If `tiling` is not `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`pNext` must contain no VkPhysicalDeviceImageDrmFormatModifierInfoEXT structure.

    - If any call to vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 returns an error, then `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is defined to be the empty list.

  - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains a VkExternalFormatANDROID structure with non-zero `externalFormat`, then `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` contains a single element where:

    - `VkImageFormatProperties`::`maxMipLevels` is ⌊log2(max(`extent.width`, `extent.height`, `extent.depth`))⌋ + 1.

    - `VkImageFormatProperties`::`maxArrayLayers` is VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageArrayLayers`.

    - Each component of `VkImageFormatProperties`::`maxExtent` is VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageDimension2D`.

    - `VkImageFormatProperties`::`sampleCounts` contains exactly `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`.

- Let `uint32_t imageCreateMaxMipLevels` be the minimum value of VkImageFormatProperties::`maxMipLevels` in `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList`. The value is undefined if `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is empty.

- Let `uint32_t imageCreateMaxArrayLayers` be the minimum value of VkImageFormatProperties::`maxArrayLayers` in `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList`. The value is undefined if `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is empty.

- Let `VkExtent3D imageCreateMaxExtent` be the component-wise minimum over all VkImageFormatProperties::`maxExtent` values in `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList`. The value is undefined if `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is empty.

- Let `VkSampleCountFlags imageCreateSampleCounts` be the intersection of each VkImageFormatProperties::`sampleCounts` in `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList`. The value is undefined if `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is empty.

- Let `VkVideoFormatPropertiesKHR videoFormatProperties[]` be defined as follows.

  - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains a VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure, then `videoFormatProperties` is the list of structures obtained by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceVideoFormatPropertiesKHR with VkPhysicalDeviceVideoFormatInfoKHR::`imageUsage` equal to the `usage` member of VkImageCreateInfo and VkPhysicalDeviceVideoFormatInfoKHR::`pNext` containing the same VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure chained to VkImageCreateInfo.

  - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains no VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure, then `videoFormatProperties` is an empty list.

- Let `VkBool32 supportedVideoFormat` indicate if the image parameters are supported by the specified video profiles.

  - `supportedVideoFormat` is `VK_TRUE` if there exists an element in the `videoFormatProperties` list for which all of the following conditions are true:

    - VkImageCreateInfo::`format` equals VkVideoFormatPropertiesKHR::`format`.

    - VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` only contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR` and/or bits also set in VkVideoFormatPropertiesKHR::`imageCreateFlags`.

    - VkImageCreateInfo::`imageType` equals VkVideoFormatPropertiesKHR::`imageType`.

    - VkImageCreateInfo::`tiling` equals VkVideoFormatPropertiesKHR::`imageTiling`.

    - VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` only contains bits also set in VkVideoFormatPropertiesKHR::`imageUsageFlags`, or VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` includes `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT`.

  - Otherwise `supportedVideoFormat` is `VK_FALSE`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageCreateMaxMipLevels-02251
  Each of the following values (as described in Image Creation Limits) must not be undefined : `imageCreateMaxMipLevels`, `imageCreateMaxArrayLayers`, `imageCreateMaxExtent`, and `imageCreateSampleCounts`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sharingMode-00941
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `pQueueFamilyIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `queueFamilyIndexCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sharingMode-00942
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `queueFamilyIndexCount` must be greater than `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sharingMode-01420
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, each element of `pQueueFamilyIndices` must be unique and must be less than `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` returned by either vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties or vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2 for the `physicalDevice` that was used to create `device`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-01974
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatANDROID structure, and its `externalFormat` member is non-zero the `format` must be `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-01975
  If the `pNext` chain does not include a VkExternalFormatANDROID structure, or does and its `externalFormat` member is `0`, the `format` must not be `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-00944
  `extent.width` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-00945
  `extent.height` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-00946
  `extent.depth` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-mipLevels-00947
  `mipLevels` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-arrayLayers-00948
  `arrayLayers` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-00949
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-08865
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `extent.width` and `extent.height` must be equal

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-08866
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `arrayLayers` must be greater than or equal to 6

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02557
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_BIT_EXT`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-00950
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-09403
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `flags` must not include `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-07755
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT_EXT`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-10197
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT_EXT`, `flags` must not include `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-02252
  `extent.width` must be less than or equal to `imageCreateMaxExtent.width` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-02253
  `extent.height` must be less than or equal to `imageCreateMaxExtent.height` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-02254
  `extent.depth` must be less than or equal to `imageCreateMaxExtent.depth` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00956
  If `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, both `extent.height` and `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00957
  If `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-mipLevels-00958
  `mipLevels` must be less than or equal to the number of levels in the complete mipmap chain based on `extent.width`, `extent.height`, and `extent.depth`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-mipLevels-02255
  `mipLevels` must be less than or equal to `imageCreateMaxMipLevels` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-arrayLayers-02256
  `arrayLayers` must be less than or equal to `imageCreateMaxArrayLayers` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00961
  If `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, `arrayLayers` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-samples-02257
  If `samples` is not `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, then `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `mipLevels` must be equal to `1`, and `imageCreateMaybeLinear` (as defined in Image Creation Limits) must be `VK_FALSE`,

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-samples-02558
  If `samples` is not `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, `usage` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-00963
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, then bits other than `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` must not be set

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-00964
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `extent.width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxFramebufferWidth`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-00965
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `extent.height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxFramebufferHeight`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-fragmentDensityMapOffset-06514
  If the `fragmentDensityMapOffset` feature is not enabled and `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_BIT_EXT`, `extent.width` must be less than or equal to ⌈min F r a g m e n t De n s i t y T e x e lS i z e w i d t h​ma x F r am e b u ff er Wi d t h​⌉

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-fragmentDensityMapOffset-06515
  If the `fragmentDensityMapOffset` feature is not enabled and `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_BIT_EXT`, `extent.height` must be less than or equal to ⌈min F r a g m e n t De n s i t y T e x e lS i z e h e i g h t​ma x F r am e b u ff erHe i g h t​⌉

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-00966
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `usage` must also contain at least one of `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-samples-02258
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value that is set in `imageCreateSampleCounts` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-00968
  If the `shaderStorageImageMultisample` feature is not enabled, and `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`, `samples` must be `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-00969
  If the `sparseBinding` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-01924
  If the `sparseResidencyAliased` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-tiling-04121
  If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00970
  If `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00971
  If the `sparseResidencyImage2D` feature is not enabled, and `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00972
  If the `sparseResidencyImage3D` feature is not enabled, and `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00973
  If the `sparseResidency2Samples` feature is not enabled, `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00974
  If the `sparseResidency4Samples` feature is not enabled, `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00975
  If the `sparseResidency8Samples` feature is not enabled, `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00976
  If the `sparseResidency16Samples` feature is not enabled, `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-00987
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`, it must also contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-None-01925
  If any of the bits `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` are set, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` must not also be set

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-01890
  If the `protectedMemory` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-None-01891
  If any of the bits `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` are set, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` must not also be set

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-00988
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV structure, it must not contain a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-00990
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure, its `handleTypes` member must only contain bits that are also in VkExternalImageFormatProperties::`externalMemoryProperties.compatibleHandleTypes`, as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 with `format`, `imageType`, `tiling`, `usage`, and `flags` equal to those in this structure, and with a VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain, with a `handleType` equal to any one of the handle types specified in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-00991
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV structure, its `handleTypes` member must only contain bits that are also in VkExternalImageFormatPropertiesNV::`externalMemoryProperties.compatibleHandleTypes`, as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatPropertiesNV with `format`, `imageType`, `tiling`, `usage`, and `flags` equal to those in this structure, and with `externalHandleType` equal to any one of the handle types specified in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV::`handleTypes`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-physicalDeviceCount-01421
  If the logical device was created with VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo::`physicalDeviceCount` equal to 1, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02259
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT`, then `mipLevels` must be one, `arrayLayers` must be one, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`. and `imageCreateMaybeLinear` (as defined in Image Creation Limits) must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-01572
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, then `format` must be a compressed image format

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-01573
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, then `flags` must also contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-initialLayout-00993
  `initialLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-01443
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo or `VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV` structure whose `handleTypes` member is not `0`, `initialLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-06410
  If the image `format` is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, `mipLevels` must be 1

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-06411
  If the image `format` is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, `samples` must be `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-06412
  If the image `format` is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageCreateFormatFeatures-02260
  If `format` is a multi-planar format, and if `imageCreateFormatFeatures` (as defined in Image Creation Limits) does not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DISJOINT_BIT`, then `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-01577
  If `format` is not a multi-planar format, and `flags` does not include `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-04712
  If `format` has a `_422` or `_420` suffix, `extent.width` must be a multiple of 2

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-04713
  If `format` has a `_420` suffix, `extent.height` must be a multiple of 2

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-09583
  If `format` is one of the `VK_FORMAT_PVTRC1_*_IMG` formats, `extent.width` must be a power of 2

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-09584
  If `format` is one of the `VK_FORMAT_PVTRC1_*_IMG` formats, `extent.height` must be a power of 2

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-tiling-02261
  If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then the `pNext` chain must include exactly one of VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT or VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT structures

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-02262
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT or VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT structure, then `tiling` must be `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-tiling-02353
  If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT` and `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT`, then the `pNext` chain must include a VkImageFormatListCreateInfo structure with non-zero `viewFormatCount`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-01533
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SAMPLE_LOCATIONS_COMPATIBLE_DEPTH_BIT_EXT` `format` must be a depth or depth/stencil format

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-02393
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure whose `handleTypes` member includes `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-02394
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure whose `handleTypes` member includes `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID`, `mipLevels` must either be `1` or equal to the number of levels in the complete mipmap chain based on `extent.width`, `extent.height`, and `extent.depth`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-02396
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatANDROID structure whose `externalFormat` member is not `0`, `flags` must not include `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-02397
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatANDROID structure whose `externalFormat` member is not `0`, `usage` must not include any usages except `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-09457
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatANDROID structure whose `externalFormat` member is not `0`, and `externalFormatResolve` feature is not enabled, `usage` must not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-02398
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatANDROID structure whose `externalFormat` member is not `0`, `tiling` must be `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-08951
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure whose `handleTypes` member includes `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_SCREEN_BUFFER_BIT_QNX`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-08952
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure whose `handleTypes` member includes `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_SCREEN_BUFFER_BIT_QNX`, `mipLevels` must either be `1` or equal to the number of levels in the complete mipmap chain based on `extent.width`, `extent.height`, and `extent.depth`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-08953
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatQNX structure whose `externalFormat` member is not `0`, `flags` must not include `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-08954
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatQNX structure whose `externalFormat` member is not `0`, `usage` must not include any usages except `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-08955
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatQNX structure whose `externalFormat` member is not `0`, `tiling` must be `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02795
  If `format` is a depth-stencil format, `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure, then its VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` member must also include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02796
  If `format` is a depth-stencil format, `usage` does not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure, then its VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` member must also not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02797
  If `format` is a depth-stencil format, `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure, then its VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` member must also include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02798
  If `format` is a depth-stencil format, `usage` does not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure, then its VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` member must also not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-Format-02536
  If `Format` is a depth-stencil format and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure with its `stencilUsage` member including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `extent.width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxFramebufferWidth`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02537
  If `format` is a depth-stencil format and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure with its `stencilUsage` member including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `extent.height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxFramebufferHeight`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02538
  If the `shaderStorageImageMultisample` feature is not enabled, `format` is a depth-stencil format and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure with its `stencilUsage` including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`, `samples` must be `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02050
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02051
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV`, it must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT` and the `format` must not be a depth/stencil format

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02052
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV` and `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, `extent.width` and `extent.height` must be greater than `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02053
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV` and `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, `extent.width`, `extent.height`, and `extent.depth` must be greater than `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-02082
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-samples-02083
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR`, `samples` must be `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-shadingRateImage-07727
  If the `shadingRateImage` feature is enabled and `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SHADING_RATE_IMAGE_BIT_NV`, `tiling` must be `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02565
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SUBSAMPLED_BIT_EXT`, `tiling` must be `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02566
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SUBSAMPLED_BIT_EXT`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02567
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SUBSAMPLED_BIT_EXT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02568
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SUBSAMPLED_BIT_EXT`, `mipLevels` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-04992
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INVOCATION_MASK_BIT_HUAWEI`, `tiling` must be `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageView2DOn3DImage-04459
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, and VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR::`imageView2DOn3DImage` is `VK_FALSE`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-multisampleArrayImage-04460
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, and VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR::`multisampleArrayImage` is `VK_FALSE`, and `samples` is not `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, then `arrayLayers` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-06722
  If a VkImageFormatListCreateInfo structure was included in the `pNext` chain and `format` is not a multi-planar format and VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`viewFormatCount` is not zero, then each format in VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`pViewFormats` must either be compatible with the `format` as described in the compatibility table or, if `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, be an uncompressed format that is size-compatible with `format`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-10062
  If a VkImageFormatListCreateInfo structure was included in the `pNext` chain and `format` is a multi-planar format and `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` and VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`viewFormatCount` is not zero, then each format in VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`pViewFormats` must be compatible with the `VkFormat` for the plane of the image format

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-04738
  If `flags` does not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageFormatListCreateInfo structure, then VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`viewFormatCount` must be `0` or `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-04815
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_BIT_KHR`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`, and `flags` does not include `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR`, then the `pNext` chain must include a VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure with `profileCount` greater than `0` and `pProfiles` including at least one VkVideoProfileInfoKHR structure with a `videoCodecOperation` member specifying a decode operation

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-04816
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`, and `flags` does not include `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR`, then the `pNext` chain must include a VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure with `profileCount` greater than `0` and `pProfiles` including at least one VkVideoProfileInfoKHR structure with a `videoCodecOperation` member specifying an encode operation

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-08328
  If `flags` includes `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR`, then `videoMaintenance1` must be enabled

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-08329
  If `flags` includes `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR` and `usage` does not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR`, then `usage` must not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-08331
  If `flags` includes `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR`, then `usage` must not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-06811
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure with `profileCount` greater than `0`, then `supportedVideoFormat` must be `VK_TRUE`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-10250
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure and for any element of its `pProfiles` member `videoCodecOperation` is `VK_VIDEO_CODEC_OPERATION_ENCODE_AV1_BIT_KHR`, then the `videoEncodeAV1` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-10251
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, then the `videoEncodeQuantizationMap` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-10252
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-10253
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, `samples` must be `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-10254
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, then the `pNext` chain must include a VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure with `profileCount` equal to `1` and `pProfiles` pointing to a VkVideoProfileInfoKHR structure with a `videoCodecOperation` member specifying an encode operation

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-10255
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR`, then VkVideoEncodeCapabilitiesKHR::`flags` must include `VK_VIDEO_ENCODE_CAPABILITY_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR`, as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceVideoCapabilitiesKHR for the video profile specified in the `pProfiles` member of the VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure included in the `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-10256
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, then VkVideoEncodeCapabilitiesKHR::`flags` must include `VK_VIDEO_ENCODE_CAPABILITY_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceVideoCapabilitiesKHR for the video profile specified in the `pProfiles` member of the VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure included in the `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-10257
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, `extent.width` must be less than or equal to VkVideoEncodeQuantizationMapCapabilitiesKHR::`maxQuantizationMapExtent.width`, as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceVideoCapabilitiesKHR for the video profile specified in the `pProfiles` member of the VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure included in the `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-10258
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, `extent.height` must be less than or equal to VkVideoEncodeQuantizationMapCapabilitiesKHR::`maxQuantizationMapExtent.height`, as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceVideoCapabilitiesKHR for the video profile specified in the `pProfiles` member of the VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR structure included in the `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-06390
  If the VkImage is to be used to import memory from a VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA, a VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA structure must be chained to `pNext`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-multisampledRenderToSingleSampled-06882
  If the `multisampledRenderToSingleSampled` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MULTISAMPLED_RENDER_TO_SINGLE_SAMPLED_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-06883
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MULTISAMPLED_RENDER_TO_SINGLE_SAMPLED_BIT_EXT`, `samples` must be `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-06743
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageCompressionControlEXT structure, `format` is a multi-planar format, and VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`flags` includes `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_EXPLICIT_EXT`, then VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`compressionControlPlaneCount` must be equal to the number of planes in `format`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-06744
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageCompressionControlEXT structure, `format` is not a multi-planar format, and VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`flags` includes `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_EXPLICIT_EXT`, then VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`compressionControlPlaneCount` must be 1

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-06746
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageCompressionControlEXT structure, it must not contain a VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT structure

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-08104
  If `flags` includes `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT`, the `descriptorBufferCaptureReplay` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-08105
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT structure, `flags` must contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-06783
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExportMetalObjectCreateInfoEXT structure, its `exportObjectType` member must be either `VK_EXPORT_METAL_OBJECT_TYPE_METAL_TEXTURE_BIT_EXT` or `VK_EXPORT_METAL_OBJECT_TYPE_METAL_IOSURFACE_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-06784
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImportMetalTextureInfoEXT structure its `plane` member must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-06785
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImportMetalTextureInfoEXT structure and the image does not have a multi-planar format, then VkImportMetalTextureInfoEXT::`plane` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-06786
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImportMetalTextureInfoEXT structure and the image has a multi-planar format with only two planes, then VkImportMetalTextureInfoEXT::`plane` must not be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageCreateFormatFeatures-09048
  If `imageCreateFormatFeatures` (as defined in Image Creation Limits) does not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_HOST_IMAGE_TRANSFER_BIT`, then `usage` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_HOST_TRANSFER_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-10245
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_HOST_TRANSFER_BIT_EXT`, then the `hostImageCopy` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-09653
  If the `pNext` chain contains a VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA structure, `tiling` must be `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-09654
  If the `pNext` chain contains a VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA structure, it must not contain a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA, VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV, VkExportMetalObjectCreateInfoEXT, VkExternalFormatANDROID, VkExternalFormatQNX, VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo, VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV, VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA, VkImageCompressionControlEXT, VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT, VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT, VkImageFormatListCreateInfo, VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo, VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR, VkImportMetalIOSurfaceInfoEXT, VkImportMetalTextureInfoEXT, VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT, VkOpticalFlowImageFormatInfoNV, or VkVideoProfileListInfoKHR

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique, with the exception of structures of type VkExportMetalObjectCreateInfoEXT or VkImportMetalTextureInfoEXT

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkImageCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-parameter
  `imageType` must be a valid VkImageType value

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-samples-parameter
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-tiling-parameter
  `tiling` must be a valid VkImageTiling value

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sharingMode-parameter
  `sharingMode` must be a valid VkSharingMode value

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-initialLayout-parameter
  `initialLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

The `VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef struct VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA {
        VkStructureType              sType;
        const void*                  pNext;
        VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA    collection;
        uint32_t                     index;
    } VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure

- `collection` is the VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- `index` is the index of the buffer in the buffer collection from which the memory will be imported

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA-index-06391
  `index` must be less than VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA::`bufferCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_COLLECTION_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO_FUCHSIA`

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA-collection-parameter
  `collection` must be a valid VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

The `VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType      sType;
        const void*          pNext;
        VkImageUsageFlags    stencilUsage;
    } VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_EXT_separate_stencil_usage
    typedef VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `stencilUsage` is a bitmask of VkImageUsageFlagBits describing the intended usage of the stencil aspect of the image.

If the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo includes a `VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo` structure, then that structure includes the usage flags specific to the stencil aspect of the image for an image with a depth-stencil format.

This structure specifies image usages which only apply to the stencil aspect of a depth/stencil format image. When this structure is included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, the stencil aspect of the image must only be used as specified by `stencilUsage`. When this structure is not included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, the stencil aspect of an image must only be used as specified by VkImageCreateInfo::`usage`. Use of other aspects of an image are unaffected by this structure.

This structure can also be included in the `pNext` chain of VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 to query additional capabilities specific to image creation parameter combinations including a separate set of usage flags for the stencil aspect of the image using vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2. When this structure is not included in the `pNext` chain of `VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2` then the implicit value of `stencilUsage` matches that of `VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2`::`usage`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo-stencilUsage-02539
  If `stencilUsage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, it must not include bits other than `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_STENCIL_USAGE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo-stencilUsage-parameter
  `stencilUsage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo-stencilUsage-requiredbitmask
  `stencilUsage` must not be `0`

If the `pNext` chain includes a `VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV` structure, then that structure includes an enable controlling whether the image will have a dedicated memory allocation bound to it.

The `VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_dedicated_allocation
    typedef struct VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBool32           dedicatedAllocation;
    } VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `dedicatedAllocation` specifies whether the image will have a dedicated allocation bound to it.

Note | Using a dedicated allocation for color and depth/stencil attachments or other large images may improve performance on some devices.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV-dedicatedAllocation-00994
  If `dedicatedAllocation` is `VK_TRUE`, VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` must not include `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO_NV`

To define a set of external memory handle types that may be used as backing store for an image, add a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkImageCreateInfo structure. The `VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        const void*                        pNext;
        VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags    handleTypes;
    } VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_external_memory
    typedef VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoKHR;

Note | A `VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo` structure with a non-zero `handleTypes` field must be included in the creation parameters for an image that will be bound to memory that is either exported or imported.

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleTypes` is zero or a bitmask of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits specifying one or more external memory handle types.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo-handleTypes-parameter
  `handleTypes` must be a valid combination of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits values

If the `pNext` chain includes a `VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV` structure, then that structure defines a set of external memory handle types that may be used as backing store for the image.

The `VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_external_memory
    typedef struct VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV {
        VkStructureType                      sType;
        const void*                          pNext;
        VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagsNV    handleTypes;
    } VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleTypes` is zero or a bitmask of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBitsNV specifying one or more external memory handle types.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO_NV`

- VUID-VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV-handleTypes-parameter
  `handleTypes` must be a valid combination of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBitsNV values

`VkExternalFormatANDROID` is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_ANDROID_external_memory_android_hardware_buffer
    typedef struct VkExternalFormatANDROID {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint64_t           externalFormat;
    } VkExternalFormatANDROID;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `externalFormat` is an implementation-defined identifier for the external format

When included in the `pNext` chain of another structure, it indicates additional format information beyond what is provided by `VkFormat` values for an Android hardware buffer. If `externalFormat` is zero, it indicates that no external format is used, and implementations should rely only on other format information. If this structure is not present, it is equivalent to setting `externalFormat` to zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkExternalFormatANDROID-externalFormat-01894
  `externalFormat` must be `0` or a value returned in the `externalFormat` member of VkAndroidHardwareBufferFormatPropertiesANDROID by an earlier call to vkGetAndroidHardwareBufferPropertiesANDROID

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalFormatANDROID-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_FORMAT_ANDROID`

To create an image with an QNX Screen external format, add a `VkExternalFormatQNX` structure in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo. `VkExternalFormatQNX` is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_QNX_external_memory_screen_buffer
    typedef struct VkExternalFormatQNX {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint64_t           externalFormat;
    } VkExternalFormatQNX;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `externalFormat` is an implementation-defined identifier for the external format

If `externalFormat` is zero, the effect is as if the `VkExternalFormatQNX` structure was not present. Otherwise, the `image` will have the specified external format.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkExternalFormatQNX-externalFormat-08956
  `externalFormat` must be `0` or a value returned in the `externalFormat` member of VkScreenBufferFormatPropertiesQNX by an earlier call to vkGetScreenBufferPropertiesQNX

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalFormatQNX-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_FORMAT_QNX`

If the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo includes a `VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR` structure, then that structure includes a swapchain handle indicating that the image will be bound to memory from that swapchain.

The `VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1 with VK_KHR_swapchain, VK_KHR_device_group with VK_KHR_swapchain
    typedef struct VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkSwapchainKHR     swapchain;
    } VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `swapchain` is VK_NULL_HANDLE or a handle of a swapchain that the image will be bound to.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR-swapchain-00995
  If `swapchain` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the fields of VkImageCreateInfo must match the implied image creation parameters of the swapchain

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR-swapchain-parameter
  If `swapchain` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `swapchain` must be a valid VkSwapchainKHR handle

If the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo includes a `VkImageFormatListCreateInfo` structure, then that structure contains a list of all formats that can be used when creating views of this image.

The `VkImageFormatListCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkImageFormatListCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           viewFormatCount;
        const VkFormat*    pViewFormats;
    } VkImageFormatListCreateInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_image_format_list
    typedef VkImageFormatListCreateInfo VkImageFormatListCreateInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `viewFormatCount` is the number of entries in the `pViewFormats` array.

- `pViewFormats` is a pointer to an array of VkFormat values specifying all formats which can be used when creating views of this image.

If `viewFormatCount` is zero, `pViewFormats` is ignored and the image is created as if the `VkImageFormatListCreateInfo` structure were not included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageFormatListCreateInfo-viewFormatCount-09540
  If `viewFormatCount` is not 0, each element of `pViewFormats` must not be `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageFormatListCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkImageFormatListCreateInfo-pViewFormats-parameter
  If `viewFormatCount` is not `0`, `pViewFormats` must be a valid pointer to an array of `viewFormatCount` valid VkFormat values

If the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo includes a VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT structure, then the image will be created with one of the Linux DRM format modifiers listed in the structure. The choice of modifier is implementation-dependent.

The VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier
    typedef struct VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           drmFormatModifierCount;
        const uint64_t*    pDrmFormatModifiers;
    } VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `drmFormatModifierCount` is the length of the `pDrmFormatModifiers` array.

- `pDrmFormatModifiers` is a pointer to an array of Linux DRM format modifiers.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT-pDrmFormatModifiers-02263
  Each modifier in `pDrmFormatModifiers` must be compatible with the parameters in VkImageCreateInfo and its `pNext` chain, as determined by querying VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 extended with VkPhysicalDeviceImageDrmFormatModifierInfoEXT

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_LIST_CREATE_INFO_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT-pDrmFormatModifiers-parameter
  `pDrmFormatModifiers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `drmFormatModifierCount` `uint64_t` values

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT-drmFormatModifierCount-arraylength
  `drmFormatModifierCount` must be greater than `0`

If the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo includes a VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT structure, then the image will be created with the Linux DRM format modifier and memory layout defined by the structure.

The VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier
    typedef struct VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType               sType;
        const void*                   pNext;
        uint64_t                      drmFormatModifier;
        uint32_t                      drmFormatModifierPlaneCount;
        const VkSubresourceLayout*    pPlaneLayouts;
    } VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `drmFormatModifier` is the Linux DRM format modifier with which the image will be created.

- `drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` is the number of memory planes in the image (as reported by VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT) as well as the length of the `pPlaneLayouts` array.

- `pPlaneLayouts` is a pointer to an array of VkSubresourceLayout structures describing the image’s memory planes.

The `i`th member of `pPlaneLayouts` describes the layout of the image’s `i`th memory plane (that is, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_i_BIT_EXT`). In each element of `pPlaneLayouts`, the implementation must ignore `size`. The implementation calculates the size of each plane, which the application can query with vkGetImageSubresourceLayout.

When creating an image with VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT, it is the application’s responsibility to satisfy all valid usage requirements. However, the implementation must validate that the provided `pPlaneLayouts`, when combined with the provided `drmFormatModifier` and other creation parameters in VkImageCreateInfo and its `pNext` chain, produce a valid image. (This validation is necessarily implementation-dependent and outside the scope of Vulkan, and therefore not described by valid usage requirements). If this validation fails, then vkCreateImage returns `VK_ERROR_INVALID_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_PLANE_LAYOUT_EXT`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT-drmFormatModifier-02264
  `drmFormatModifier` must be compatible with the parameters in VkImageCreateInfo and its `pNext` chain, as determined by querying VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 extended with VkPhysicalDeviceImageDrmFormatModifierInfoEXT

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT-drmFormatModifierPlaneCount-02265
  `drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` must be equal to the VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` associated with VkImageCreateInfo::`format` and `drmFormatModifier`, as found by querying VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesListEXT

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT-size-02267
  For each element of `pPlaneLayouts`, `size` must be 0

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT-arrayPitch-02268
  For each element of `pPlaneLayouts`, `arrayPitch` must be 0 if VkImageCreateInfo::`arrayLayers` is 1

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT-depthPitch-02269
  For each element of `pPlaneLayouts`, `depthPitch` must be 0 if VkImageCreateInfo::`extent.depth` is 1

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXPLICIT_CREATE_INFO_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT-pPlaneLayouts-parameter
  `pPlaneLayouts` must be a valid pointer to an array of `drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` VkSubresourceLayout structures

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT-drmFormatModifierPlaneCount-arraylength
  `drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` must be greater than `0`

If the `pNext` list of VkImageCreateInfo includes a `VkImageCompressionControlEXT` structure, then that structure describes compression controls for this image.

The `VkImageCompressionControlEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_compression_control
    typedef struct VkImageCompressionControlEXT {
        VkStructureType                         sType;
        const void*                             pNext;
        VkImageCompressionFlagsEXT              flags;
        uint32_t                                compressionControlPlaneCount;
        VkImageCompressionFixedRateFlagsEXT*    pFixedRateFlags;
    } VkImageCompressionControlEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkImageCompressionFlagBitsEXT describing compression controls for the image.

- `compressionControlPlaneCount` is the number of entries in the `pFixedRateFlags` array.

- `pFixedRateFlags` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkImageCompressionFixedRateFlagsEXT bitfields describing allowed fixed-rate compression rates of each image plane. It is ignored if `flags` does not include `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_EXPLICIT_EXT`.

If enabled, fixed-rate compression is done in an implementation-defined manner and may be applied at block granularity. In that case, a write to an individual texel may modify the value of other texels in the same block.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageCompressionControlEXT-flags-06747
  `flags` must be one of `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_DEFAULT_EXT`, `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_DEFAULT_EXT`, `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_EXPLICIT_EXT`, or `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_DISABLED_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageCompressionControlEXT-flags-06748
  If `flags` includes `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_EXPLICIT_EXT`, `pFixedRateFlags` must not be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageCompressionControlEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_CONTROL_EXT`

Note | Some combinations of compression properties may not be supported. For example, some implementations may not support different fixed-rate compression rates per plane of a multi-planar format and will not be able to enable fixed-rate compression for any plane if the requested rates differ.

Possible values of VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`flags`, specifying compression controls for an image, are:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_compression_control
    typedef enum VkImageCompressionFlagBitsEXT {
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_DEFAULT_EXT = 0,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_DEFAULT_EXT = 0x00000001,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_EXPLICIT_EXT = 0x00000002,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_DISABLED_EXT = 0x00000004,
    } VkImageCompressionFlagBitsEXT;

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_DEFAULT_EXT` specifies that the default image compression setting is used. Implementations must not apply fixed-rate compression.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_DEFAULT_EXT` specifies that the implementation may choose any supported fixed-rate compression setting in an implementation-defined manner based on the properties of the image.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_EXPLICIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression may be used and that the allowed compression rates are specified by VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`pFixedRateFlags`.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_DISABLED_EXT` specifies that all lossless and fixed-rate compression should be disabled.

If VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`flags` is `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_EXPLICIT_EXT`, then the `i`th member of the `pFixedRateFlags` array specifies the allowed compression rates for the image’s `i`th plane.

Note | If `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_DISABLED_EXT` is included in VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`flags`, both lossless and fixed-rate compression will be disabled. This is likely to have a negative impact on performance and is only intended to be used for debugging purposes.

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_compression_control
    typedef VkFlags VkImageCompressionFlagsEXT;

`VkImageCompressionFlagsEXT` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageCompressionFlagBitsEXT.

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_compression_control
    typedef VkFlags VkImageCompressionFixedRateFlagsEXT;

`VkImageCompressionFixedRateFlagsEXT` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageCompressionFixedRateFlagBitsEXT.

Bits which can be set in VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`pFixedRateFlags`, specifying allowed compression rates for an image plane, are:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_compression_control
    typedef enum VkImageCompressionFixedRateFlagBitsEXT {
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_NONE_EXT = 0,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_1BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000001,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_2BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000002,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_3BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000004,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_4BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000008,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_5BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000010,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_6BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000020,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_7BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000040,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_8BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000080,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_9BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000100,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_10BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000200,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_11BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000400,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_12BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000800,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_13BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00001000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_14BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00002000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_15BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00004000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_16BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00008000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_17BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00010000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_18BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00020000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_19BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00040000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_20BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00080000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_21BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00100000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_22BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00200000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_23BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00400000,
        VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_24BPC_BIT_EXT = 0x00800000,
    } VkImageCompressionFixedRateFlagBitsEXT;

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_NONE_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression must not be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_1BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [1,2) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_2BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [2,3) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_3BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [3,4) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_4BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [4,5) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_5BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [5,6) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_6BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [6,7) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_7BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [7,8) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_8BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [8,9) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_9BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [9,10) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_10BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [10,11) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_11BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of [11,12) bits per component may be used.

- `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_12BPC_BIT_EXT` specifies that fixed-rate compression with a bitrate of at least 12 bits per component may be used.

If the format has a different bit rate for different components, VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`pFixedRateFlags` describes the rate of the component with the largest number of bits assigned to it, scaled pro rata. For example, to request that a `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32` format be stored at a rate of 8 bits per pixel, use `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_2BPC_BIT_EXT` (10 bits for the largest component, stored at quarter the original size, 2.5 bits, rounded down).

If `flags` includes `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_EXPLICIT_EXT`, and multiple bits are set in VkImageCompressionControlEXT::`pFixedRateFlags` for a plane, implementations should apply the lowest allowed bitrate that is supported.

Note | The choice of “bits per component” terminology was chosen so that the same compression rate describes the same degree of compression applied to formats that differ only in the number of components. For example, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM` compressed to half its original size is a rate of 4 bits per component, 8 bits per pixel. `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM` compressed to half its original size is 4 bits per component, 16 bits per pixel. Both of these cases can be requested with `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_4BPC_BIT_EXT`.

To query the compression properties of an image, add a VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkSubresourceLayout2 structure in a call to vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2 or vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2.

To determine the compression rates that are supported for a given image format, add a VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkImageFormatProperties2 structure in a call to vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2.

Note | Since fixed-rate compression is disabled by default, the VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 will not indicate any fixed-rate compression support unless a VkImageCompressionControlEXT structure is also included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 structure passed to the same command.

The `VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_compression_control
    typedef struct VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT {
        VkStructureType                        sType;
        void*                                  pNext;
        VkImageCompressionFlagsEXT             imageCompressionFlags;
        VkImageCompressionFixedRateFlagsEXT    imageCompressionFixedRateFlags;
    } VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `imageCompressionFlags` returns a value describing the compression controls that apply to the image. The value will be either `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_DEFAULT_EXT` to indicate no fixed-rate compression, `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_FIXED_RATE_EXPLICIT_EXT` to indicate fixed-rate compression, or `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_DISABLED_EXT` to indicate no compression.

- `imageCompressionFixedRateFlags` returns a VkImageCompressionFixedRateFlagsEXT value describing the compression rates that apply to the specified aspect of the image.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_PROPERTIES_EXT`

If the `pNext` list of VkImageCreateInfo includes a `VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA` structure, then that structure describes desired alignment for this image.

The `VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_MESA_image_alignment_control
    typedef struct VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           maximumRequestedAlignment;
    } VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `maximumRequestedAlignment` specifies the maximum alignment for the image.

If `maximumRequestedAlignment` is not 0, the implementation should choose an image memory layout that requires an alignment no larger than `maximumRequestedAlignment` as reported in VkMemoryRequirements::`alignment`. If such a layout does not exist for the given image creation parameters, the implementation should return the smallest alignment which is supported in VkMemoryRequirements.

If an implementation needs to disable image compression for `maximumRequestedAlignment` to be honored - where a larger alignment would enable image compression - the implementation should not use `maximumRequestedAlignment`, and should return the smallest alignment which does not compromise compression. If the `imageCompressionControl` feature is enabled, the application can chain a VkImageCompressionControlEXT with `VK_IMAGE_COMPRESSION_DISABLED_EXT`. In this case, image compression considerations should not apply when implementation decides alignment.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA-maximumRequestedAlignment-09655
  If `maximumRequestedAlignment` is not 0, `maximumRequestedAlignment` must be a power of two

- VUID-VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA-maximumRequestedAlignment-09656
  If `maximumRequestedAlignment` is not 0, the bitwise-and of `maximumRequestedAlignment` and `supportedImageAlignmentMask` must be non-zero

- VUID-VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA-imageAlignmentControl-09657
  `imageAlignmentControl` must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageAlignmentControlCreateInfoMESA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_ALIGNMENT_CONTROL_CREATE_INFO_MESA`

Bits which can be set in

- VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo::`usage`

- VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage`

- VkImageCreateInfo::`usage`

specify intended usage of an image, and are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageUsageFlagBits {
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000040,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000080,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_HOST_TRANSFER_BIT = 0x00400000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_decode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR = 0x00000400,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_decode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_BIT_KHR = 0x00000800,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_decode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR = 0x00001000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_fragment_density_map
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_BIT_EXT = 0x00000200,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_fragment_shading_rate
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR = 0x00000100,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_BIT_KHR = 0x00002000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR = 0x00004000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_BIT_KHR = 0x00008000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_attachment_feedback_loop_layout
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_BIT_EXT = 0x00080000,
      // Provided by VK_HUAWEI_invocation_mask
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INVOCATION_MASK_BIT_HUAWEI = 0x00040000,
      // Provided by VK_QCOM_image_processing
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_BIT_QCOM = 0x00100000,
      // Provided by VK_QCOM_image_processing
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLE_BLOCK_MATCH_BIT_QCOM = 0x00200000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_quantization_map
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR = 0x02000000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_quantization_map
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR = 0x04000000,
      // Provided by VK_NV_shading_rate_image
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SHADING_RATE_IMAGE_BIT_NV = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_host_image_copy
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_HOST_TRANSFER_BIT_EXT = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_HOST_TRANSFER_BIT,
    } VkImageUsageFlagBits;

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` specifies that the image can be used as the source of a transfer command.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` specifies that the image can be used as the destination of a transfer command.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot either of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, and be sampled by a shader.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for use as a color or resolve attachment in a `VkFramebuffer`.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for use as a depth/stencil or depth/stencil resolve attachment in a `VkFramebuffer`.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that implementations may support using memory allocations with the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT` to back an image with this usage. This bit can be set for any image that can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for use as a color, resolve, depth/stencil, or input attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for occupying `VkDescriptorSet` slot of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`; be read from a shader as an input attachment; and be used as an input attachment in a framebuffer.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_BIT_EXT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for use as a fragment density map image.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for use as a fragment shading rate attachment or shading rate image

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR` specifies that the image can be used as a decode output picture in a video decode operation.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_BIT_KHR` is reserved for future use.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR` specifies that the image can be used as an output reconstructed picture or an input reference picture in a video decode operation.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_BIT_KHR` is reserved for future use.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR` specifies that the image can be used as an encode input picture in a video encode operation.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_BIT_KHR` specifies that the image can be used as an output reconstructed picture or an input reference picture in a video encode operation.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_BIT_EXT` specifies that the image can be transitioned to the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_OPTIMAL_EXT` layout to be used as a color or depth/stencil attachment in a `VkFramebuffer` and/or as a read-only input resource in a shader (sampled image, combined image sampler or input attachment) in the same render pass.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_HOST_TRANSFER_BIT` specifies that the image can be used with host copy commands and host layout transitions.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR` specifies that the image can be used as a quantization delta map in a video encode operation.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR` specifies that the image can be used as an emphasis map in a video encode operation.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkImageUsageFlags;

`VkImageUsageFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageUsageFlagBits.

When creating a `VkImageView` one of the following VkImageUsageFlagBits must be set:

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_BIT_EXT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_BIT_QCOM`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLE_BLOCK_MATCH_BIT_QCOM`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`

Bits which can be set in VkImageCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying additional parameters of an image, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageCreateFlagBits {
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT = 0x00000010,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT = 0x00000400,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT = 0x00000040,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT = 0x00000020,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT = 0x00000080,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT = 0x00000100,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT = 0x00000800,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT = 0x00000200,
      // Provided by VK_NV_corner_sampled_image
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV = 0x00002000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_sample_locations
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SAMPLE_LOCATIONS_COMPATIBLE_DEPTH_BIT_EXT = 0x00001000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_fragment_density_map
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SUBSAMPLED_BIT_EXT = 0x00004000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT = 0x00010000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_multisampled_render_to_single_sampled
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MULTISAMPLED_RENDER_TO_SINGLE_SAMPLED_BIT_EXT = 0x00040000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_image_2d_view_of_3d
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT_EXT = 0x00020000,
      // Provided by VK_QCOM_fragment_density_map_offset
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_OFFSET_BIT_QCOM = 0x00008000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_maintenance1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR = 0x00100000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_bind_memory2 with VK_KHR_device_group
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT_KHR = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT_KHR = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance2
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT_KHR = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance2
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT_KHR = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT_KHR = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_bind_memory2
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT_KHR = VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT,
    } VkImageCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` specifies that the image will be backed using sparse memory binding.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` specifies that the image can be partially backed using sparse memory binding. Images created with this flag must also be created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flag.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` specifies that the image will be backed using sparse memory binding with memory ranges that might also simultaneously be backing another image (or another portion of the same image). Images created with this flag must also be created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flag.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` with a different format from the image. For multi-planar formats, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` specifies that a `VkImageView` can be created of a plane of the image.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` of type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` of type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT_EXT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` of type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` specifies that the image is a protected image.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT` specifies that the image can be used with a non-zero value of the `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` member of a VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure passed into vkBindImageMemory2. This flag also has the effect of making the image use the standard sparse image block dimensions.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` specifies that the image having a compressed format can be used to create a `VkImageView` with an uncompressed format where each texel in the image view corresponds to a compressed texel block of the image.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT` specifies that the image can be created with usage flags that are not supported for the format the image is created with but are supported for at least one format a `VkImageView` created from the image can have.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` specifies that an image with a multi-planar format must have each plane separately bound to memory, rather than having a single memory binding for the whole image; the presence of this bit distinguishes a disjoint image from an image without this bit set.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT` specifies that two images created with the same creation parameters and aliased to the same memory can interpret the contents of the memory consistently with each other, subject to the rules described in the Memory Aliasing section. This flag further specifies that each plane of a disjoint image can share an in-memory non-linear representation with single-plane images, and that a single-plane image can share an in-memory non-linear representation with a plane of a multi-planar disjoint image, according to the rules in Compatible Formats of Planes of Multi-Planar Formats. If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo or VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV structure whose `handleTypes` member is not `0`, it is as if `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT` is set.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SAMPLE_LOCATIONS_COMPATIBLE_DEPTH_BIT_EXT` specifies that an image with a depth or depth/stencil format can be used with custom sample locations when used as a depth/stencil attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV` specifies that the image is a corner-sampled image.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SUBSAMPLED_BIT_EXT` specifies that an image can be in a subsampled format which may be more optimal when written as an attachment by a render pass that has a fragment density map attachment. Accessing a subsampled image has additional considerations:

  - Image data read as an image sampler will have undefined values if the sampler was not created with `flags` containing `VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_SUBSAMPLED_BIT_EXT` or was not sampled through the use of a combined image sampler with an immutable sampler in `VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding`.

  - Image data read with an input attachment will have undefined values if the contents were not written as an attachment in an earlier subpass of the same render pass.

  - Image data read as an image sampler in the fragment shader will be additionally be read by the device during `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT` if `VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMap2PropertiesEXT`::`subsampledCoarseReconstructionEarlyAccess` is `VK_TRUE` and the sampler was created with `flags` containing `VK_SAMPLER_CREATE_SUBSAMPLED_COARSE_RECONSTRUCTION_BIT_EXT`.

  - Image data read with load operations are resampled to the fragment density of the render pass if `VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMap2PropertiesEXT`::`subsampledLoads` is `VK_TRUE`. Otherwise, values of image data are undefined.

  - Image contents outside of the render area take on undefined values if the image is stored as a render pass attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_OFFSET_BIT_QCOM` specifies that an image can be used in a render pass with non-zero fragment density map offsets. In a render pass with non-zero offsets, fragment density map attachments, input attachments, color attachments, depth/stencil attachment, resolve attachments, and preserve attachments must be created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_OFFSET_BIT_QCOM`.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` specifies that the image can be used with descriptor buffers when capturing and replaying (e.g. for trace capture and replay), see VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT for more detail.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MULTISAMPLED_RENDER_TO_SINGLE_SAMPLED_BIT_EXT` specifies that an image can be used with multisampled rendering as a single-sampled framebuffer attachment

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR` specifies that the image can be used in video coding operations without having to specify at image creation time the set of video profiles the image will be used with, except for images used only as DPB pictures, as long as the image is otherwise compatible with the video profile in question.

  Note | This enables exchanging video picture data without additional copies or conversions when used as: Decode output pictures, indifferent of the video profile used to produce them. Encode input pictures, indifferent of the video profile used to consume them. This includes images created with both `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR` and `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`, which is necessary to use the same video picture as the reconstructed picture and decode output picture in a video decode operation on implementations supporting `VK_VIDEO_DECODE_CAPABILITY_DPB_AND_OUTPUT_COINCIDE_BIT_KHR`. However, images with only DPB usage remain tied to the video profiles the image was created with, as the data layout of such DPB-only images may be implementation- and codec-dependent. If an application would like to share or reuse the device memory backing such images (e.g. for the purposes of temporal aliasing), then it should create separate image objects for each video profile and bind them to the same underlying device memory range, similar to how memory resources can be shared across separate video sessions or any other memory-backed resource.

See Sparse Resource Features and Sparse Physical Device Features for more details.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkImageCreateFlags;

`VkImageCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageCreateFlagBits.

Possible values of VkImageCreateInfo::`imageType`, specifying the basic dimensionality of an image, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageType {
        VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D = 0,
        VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D = 1,
        VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D = 2,
    } VkImageType;

- `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` specifies a one-dimensional image.

- `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` specifies a two-dimensional image.

- `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` specifies a three-dimensional image.

Possible values of VkImageCreateInfo::`tiling`, specifying the tiling arrangement of texel blocks in an image, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageTiling {
        VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL = 0,
        VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR = 1,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier
        VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT = 1000158000,
    } VkImageTiling;

- `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL` specifies optimal tiling (texels are laid out in an implementation-dependent arrangement, for more efficient memory access).

- `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` specifies linear tiling (texels are laid out in memory in row-major order, possibly with some padding on each row).

- `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT` specifies that the image’s tiling is defined by a Linux DRM format modifier. The modifier is specified at image creation with VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT or VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT, and can be queried with vkGetImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT.

To query the memory layout of an image subresource, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        const VkImageSubresource*                   pSubresource,
        VkSubresourceLayout*                        pLayout);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `image` is the image whose layout is being queried.

- `pSubresource` is a pointer to a VkImageSubresource structure selecting a specific image subresource from the image.

- `pLayout` is a pointer to a VkSubresourceLayout structure in which the layout is returned.

If the image is linear, then the returned layout is valid for host access.

If the image’s tiling is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` and its format is a multi-planar format, then `vkGetImageSubresourceLayout` describes one format plane of the image. If the image’s tiling is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then `vkGetImageSubresourceLayout` describes one memory plane of the image. If the image’s tiling is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT` and the image is non-linear, then the returned layout has an implementation-dependent meaning; the vendor of the image’s DRM format modifier may provide documentation that explains how to interpret the returned layout.

`vkGetImageSubresourceLayout` is invariant for the lifetime of a single image. However, the subresource layout of images in Android hardware buffer or QNX Screen buffer external memory is not known until the image has been bound to memory, so applications must not call vkGetImageSubresourceLayout for such an image before it has been bound.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-image-07790
  `image` must have been created with `tiling` equal to `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-aspectMask-00997
  The `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must only have a single bit set

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-mipLevel-01716
  The `mipLevel` member of `pSubresource` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in `image`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-arrayLayer-01717
  The `arrayLayer` member of `pSubresource` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in `image`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-format-08886
  If `format` of the `image` is a color format that is not a multi-planar image format, and `tiling` of the `image` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-format-04462
  If `format` of the `image` has a depth component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-format-04463
  If `format` of the `image` has a stencil component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-format-04464
  If `format` of the `image` does not contain a stencil or depth component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-tiling-08717
  If the `tiling` of the `image` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` and has a multi-planar image format, then the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be a single valid multi-planar aspect mask bit

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-image-09432
  If `image` was created with the `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID` external memory handle type, then `image` must be bound to memory

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-tiling-09433
  If the `tiling` of the `image` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_i_BIT_EXT` and the index i must be less than the VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` associated with the image’s `format` and VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifier`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-pSubresource-parameter
  `pSubresource` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageSubresource structure

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-pLayout-parameter
  `pLayout` must be a valid pointer to a VkSubresourceLayout structure

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-image-parent
  `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

The `VkImageSubresource` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageSubresource {
        VkImageAspectFlags    aspectMask;
        uint32_t              mipLevel;
        uint32_t              arrayLayer;
    } VkImageSubresource;

- `aspectMask` is a VkImageAspectFlags value selecting the image aspect.

- `mipLevel` selects the mipmap level.

- `arrayLayer` selects the array layer.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageSubresource-aspectMask-parameter
  `aspectMask` must be a valid combination of VkImageAspectFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageSubresource-aspectMask-requiredbitmask
  `aspectMask` must not be `0`

Information about the layout of the image subresource is returned in a `VkSubresourceLayout` structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSubresourceLayout {
        VkDeviceSize    offset;
        VkDeviceSize    size;
        VkDeviceSize    rowPitch;
        VkDeviceSize    arrayPitch;
        VkDeviceSize    depthPitch;
    } VkSubresourceLayout;

- `offset` is the byte offset from the start of the image or the plane where the image subresource begins.

- `size` is the size in bytes of the image subresource. `size` includes any extra memory that is required based on `rowPitch`.

- `rowPitch` describes the number of bytes between each row of texels in an image.

- `arrayPitch` describes the number of bytes between each array layer of an image.

- `depthPitch` describes the number of bytes between each slice of 3D image.

If the image is linear, then `rowPitch`, `arrayPitch` and `depthPitch` describe the layout of the image subresource in linear memory. For uncompressed formats, `rowPitch` is the number of bytes between texels with the same x coordinate in adjacent rows (y coordinates differ by one). `arrayPitch` is the number of bytes between texels with the same x and y coordinate in adjacent array layers of the image (array layer values differ by one). `depthPitch` is the number of bytes between texels with the same x and y coordinate in adjacent slices of a 3D image (z coordinates differ by one). Expressed as an addressing formula, the starting byte of a texel in the image subresource has address:

    // (x,y,z,layer) are in texel coordinates
    address(x,y,z,layer) = layer*arrayPitch + z*depthPitch + y*rowPitch + x*elementSize + offset

For compressed formats, the `rowPitch` is the number of bytes between compressed texel blocks in adjacent rows. `arrayPitch` is the number of bytes between compressed texel blocks in adjacent array layers. `depthPitch` is the number of bytes between compressed texel blocks in adjacent slices of a 3D image.

    // (x,y,z,layer) are in compressed texel block coordinates
    address(x,y,z,layer) = layer*arrayPitch + z*depthPitch + y*rowPitch + x*compressedTexelBlockByteSize + offset;

The value of `arrayPitch` is undefined for images that were not created as arrays. `depthPitch` is defined only for 3D images.

If the image has a single-plane color format and its tiling is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` , then the `aspectMask` member of `VkImageSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`.

If the image has a depth/stencil format and its tiling is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` , then `aspectMask` must be either `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`. On implementations that store depth and stencil aspects separately, querying each of these image subresource layouts will return a different `offset` and `size` representing the region of memory used for that aspect. On implementations that store depth and stencil aspects interleaved, the same `offset` and `size` are returned and represent the interleaved memory allocation.

If the image has a multi-planar format and its tiling is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` , then the `aspectMask` member of `VkImageSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or (for 3-plane formats only) `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`. Querying each of these image subresource layouts will return a different `offset` and `size` representing the region of memory used for that plane. If the image is disjoint, then the `offset` is relative to the base address of the plane. If the image is non-disjoint, then the `offset` is relative to the base address of the image.

If the image’s tiling is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then the `aspectMask` member of `VkImageSubresource` must be one of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_i_BIT_EXT`, where the maximum allowed plane index i is defined by the VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` associated with the image’s VkImageCreateInfo::`format` and modifier. The memory range used by the subresource is described by `offset` and `size`. If the image is disjoint, then the `offset` is relative to the base address of the memory plane. If the image is non-disjoint, then the `offset` is relative to the base address of the image. If the image is non-linear, then `rowPitch`, `arrayPitch`, and `depthPitch` have an implementation-dependent meaning.

To query the memory layout of an image subresource, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    void vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        const VkImageSubresource2*                  pSubresource,
        VkSubresourceLayout2*                       pLayout);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    void vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2KHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        const VkImageSubresource2*                  pSubresource,
        VkSubresourceLayout2*                       pLayout);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_EXT_host_image_copy, VK_EXT_image_compression_control
    void vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2EXT(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        const VkImageSubresource2*                  pSubresource,
        VkSubresourceLayout2*                       pLayout);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `image` is the image whose layout is being queried.

- `pSubresource` is a pointer to a VkImageSubresource2 structure selecting a specific image for the image subresource.

- `pLayout` is a pointer to a VkSubresourceLayout2 structure in which the layout is returned.

`vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2` behaves similarly to vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, with the ability to specify extended inputs via chained input structures, and to return extended information via chained output structures.

It is legal to call `vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2` with an `image` created with `tiling` equal to `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, but the members of VkSubresourceLayout2::`subresourceLayout` will have undefined values in this case.

Note | Structures chained from VkImageSubresource2::`pNext` will also be updated when `tiling` is equal to `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-aspectMask-00997
  The `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must only have a single bit set

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-mipLevel-01716
  The `mipLevel` member of `pSubresource` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in `image`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-arrayLayer-01717
  The `arrayLayer` member of `pSubresource` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in `image`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-format-08886
  If `format` of the `image` is a color format that is not a multi-planar image format, and `tiling` of the `image` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-format-04462
  If `format` of the `image` has a depth component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-format-04463
  If `format` of the `image` has a stencil component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-format-04464
  If `format` of the `image` does not contain a stencil or depth component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-tiling-08717
  If the `tiling` of the `image` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` and has a multi-planar image format, then the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be a single valid multi-planar aspect mask bit

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-image-09434
  If `image` was created with the `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID` external memory handle type, then `image` must be bound to memory

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-tiling-09435
  If the `tiling` of the `image` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_i_BIT_EXT` and the index i must be less than the VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` associated with the image’s `format` and VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifier`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-pSubresource-parameter
  `pSubresource` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageSubresource2 structure

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-pLayout-parameter
  `pLayout` must be a valid pointer to a VkSubresourceLayout2 structure

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2-image-parent
  `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

The `VkImageSubresource2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    typedef struct VkImageSubresource2 {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        void*                 pNext;
        VkImageSubresource    imageSubresource;
    } VkImageSubresource2;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    typedef VkImageSubresource2 VkImageSubresource2KHR;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_EXT_host_image_copy, VK_EXT_image_compression_control
    typedef VkImageSubresource2 VkImageSubresource2EXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `imageSubresource` is a VkImageSubresource structure.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageSubresource2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_SUBRESOURCE_2`

- VUID-VkImageSubresource2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageSubresource2-imageSubresource-parameter
  `imageSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresource structure

Information about the layout of the image subresource is returned in a `VkSubresourceLayout2` structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    typedef struct VkSubresourceLayout2 {
        VkStructureType        sType;
        void*                  pNext;
        VkSubresourceLayout    subresourceLayout;
    } VkSubresourceLayout2;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    typedef VkSubresourceLayout2 VkSubresourceLayout2KHR;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_EXT_host_image_copy, VK_EXT_image_compression_control
    typedef VkSubresourceLayout2 VkSubresourceLayout2EXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `subresourceLayout` is a VkSubresourceLayout structure.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubresourceLayout2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBRESOURCE_LAYOUT_2`

- VUID-VkSubresourceLayout2-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkImageCompressionPropertiesEXT or VkSubresourceHostMemcpySize

- VUID-VkSubresourceLayout2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

To query the memory size needed to copy to or from an image using vkCopyMemoryToImage or vkCopyImageToMemory when the `VK_HOST_IMAGE_COPY_MEMCPY` flag is specified, add a VkSubresourceHostMemcpySize structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkSubresourceLayout2 structure in a call to vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2.

The `VkSubresourceHostMemcpySize` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    typedef struct VkSubresourceHostMemcpySize {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkDeviceSize       size;
    } VkSubresourceHostMemcpySize;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_EXT_host_image_copy
    typedef VkSubresourceHostMemcpySize VkSubresourceHostMemcpySizeEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `size` is the size in bytes of the image subresource.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubresourceHostMemcpySize-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBRESOURCE_HOST_MEMCPY_SIZE`

To query the memory layout of an image subresource, without an image object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    void vkGetDeviceImageSubresourceLayout(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo*         pInfo,
        VkSubresourceLayout2*                       pLayout);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    void vkGetDeviceImageSubresourceLayoutKHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo*         pInfo,
        VkSubresourceLayout2*                       pLayout);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo structure containing parameters required for the subresource layout query.

- `pLayout` is a pointer to a VkSubresourceLayout2 structure in which the layout is returned.

`vkGetDeviceImageSubresourceLayout` behaves similarly to vkGetImageSubresourceLayout2, but uses a VkImageCreateInfo structure to specify the image rather than a VkImage object.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSubresourceLayout-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSubresourceLayout-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo structure

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSubresourceLayout-pLayout-parameter
  `pLayout` must be a valid pointer to a VkSubresourceLayout2 structure

The `VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    typedef struct VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo {
        VkStructureType               sType;
        const void*                   pNext;
        const VkImageCreateInfo*      pCreateInfo;
        const VkImageSubresource2*    pSubresource;
    } VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance5
    typedef VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkImageCreateInfo structure containing parameters affecting creation of the image to query.

- `pSubresource` pSubresource is a pointer to a VkImageSubresource2 structure selecting a specific image subresource for the query.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-aspectMask-00997
  The `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must only have a single bit set

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-mipLevel-01716
  The `mipLevel` member of `pSubresource` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in `pCreateInfo`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-arrayLayer-01717
  The `arrayLayer` member of `pSubresource` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in `pCreateInfo`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-format-08886
  If `format` of the `image` is a color format that is not a multi-planar image format, and `tiling` of the `pCreateInfo` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-format-04462
  If `format` of the `pCreateInfo` has a depth component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-format-04463
  If `format` of the `pCreateInfo` has a stencil component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-format-04464
  If `format` of the `pCreateInfo` does not contain a stencil or depth component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-tiling-08717
  If the `tiling` of the `pCreateInfo` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` and has a multi-planar image format, then the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be a single valid multi-planar aspect mask bit

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_IMAGE_SUBRESOURCE_INFO`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkDeviceImageSubresourceInfo-pSubresource-parameter
  `pSubresource` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageSubresource2 structure

If an image was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then the image has a Linux DRM format modifier. To query the modifier, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier
    VkResult vkGetImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT*      pProperties);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `image` is the queried image.

- `pProperties` is a pointer to a VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT structure in which properties of the image’s DRM format modifier are returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT-image-02272
  `image` must have been created with `tiling` equal to `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkGetImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT-pProperties-parameter
  `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT structure

- VUID-vkGetImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT-image-parent
  `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

The VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier
    typedef struct VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint64_t           drmFormatModifier;
    } VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `drmFormatModifier` returns the image’s Linux DRM format modifier.

If the `image` was created with VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT, then the returned `drmFormatModifier` must belong to the list of modifiers provided at time of image creation in VkImageDrmFormatModifierListCreateInfoEXT::`pDrmFormatModifiers`. If the `image` was created with VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT, then the returned `drmFormatModifier` must be the modifier provided at time of image creation in VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT::`drmFormatModifier`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_PROPERTIES_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

To destroy an image, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyImage(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the image.

- `image` is the image to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-01000
  All submitted commands that refer to `image`, either directly or via a `VkImageView`, must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-01001
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `image` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-01002
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `image` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-04882
  `image` must not have been acquired from vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-parameter
  If `image` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-parent
  If `image` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `image` must be externally synchronized

#### 12.3.1. Image Format Features

Valid uses of a VkImage may depend on the image’s format features, defined below. Such constraints are documented in the affected valid usage statement.

- If the image was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, then its set of format features is the value of VkFormatProperties::`linearTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties on the same `format` as VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

- If the image was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, but without an Android hardware buffer external format, or a QNX Screen Buffer external format or an VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA, then its set of format features is the value of VkFormatProperties::`optimalTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties on the same `format` as VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

- If the image was created with an Android hardware buffer external format, then its set of format features is the value of VkAndroidHardwareBufferFormatPropertiesANDROID::`formatFeatures` found by calling vkGetAndroidHardwareBufferPropertiesANDROID on the Android hardware buffer that was imported to the VkDeviceMemory to which the image is bound.

- If the image was created with an QNX Screen buffer external format, then its set of format features is the value of VkScreenBufferFormatPropertiesQNX::`formatFeatures` found by calling vkGetScreenBufferPropertiesQNX on the QNX Screen buffer that was imported to the VkDeviceMemory to which the image is bound.

- If the image was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then:

  - The image’s DRM format modifier is the value of VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifier` found by calling vkGetImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT.

  - Let VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesListEXT::`pDrmFormatModifierProperties` be the array found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 on the same `format` as VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

  - Let `VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT prop` be the array element whose `drmFormatModifier` member is the value of the image’s DRM format modifier.

  - Then the image’s set of format features is the value of `prop`::`drmFormatModifierTilingFeatures`.

#### 12.3.2. Corner-Sampled Images

A corner-sampled image is an image where unnormalized texel coordinates are centered on integer values rather than half-integer values.

A corner-sampled image has a number of differences compared to conventional texture image:

- Texels are centered on integer coordinates. See Unnormalized Texel Coordinate Operations

- Normalized coordinates are scaled using coord × (dim - 1) rather than coord × dim, where dim is the size of one dimension of the image. See normalized texel coordinate transform.

- Partial derivatives are scaled using coord × (dim - 1) rather than coord × dim. See Scale Factor Operation.

- Calculation of the next higher LOD size goes according to ⌈dim / 2⌉ rather than ⌊dim / 2⌋. See Image Mip Level Sizing.

- The minimum level size is 2x2 for 2D images and 2x2x2 for 3D images. See Image Mip Level Sizing.

Corner-sampling is only supported for 2D and 3D images. When sampling a corner-sampled image, the sampler addressing mode must be `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE`. Corner-sampled images are not supported as cube maps or depth/stencil images.

#### 12.3.3. Image Mip Level Sizing

A complete mipmap chain is the full set of mip levels, from the largest mip level provided, down to the minimum mip level size.

##### Conventional Images

For conventional images, the dimensions of each successive mip level, n+1, are:

  `width`n+1 = max(⌊`width`n/2⌋, 1)

  `height`n+1 = max(⌊`height`n/2⌋, 1)

  `depth`n+1 = max(⌊`depth`n/2⌋, 1)

where `width`n, `height`n, and `depth`n are the dimensions of the next larger mip level, n.

The minimum mip level size is:

- 1 for one-dimensional images,

- 1x1 for two-dimensional images, and

- 1x1x1 for three-dimensional images.

The number of levels in a complete mipmap chain is:

  ⌊log2(max(`width`0, `height`0, `depth`0))⌋ + 1

where `width`0, `height`0, and `depth`0 are the dimensions of the largest (most detailed) mip level, `0`.

##### Corner-Sampled Images

For corner-sampled images, the dimensions of each successive mip level, n+1, are:

  `width`n+1 = max(⌈`width`n/2⌉, 2)

  `height`n+1 = max(⌈`height`n/2⌉, 2)

  `depth`n+1 = max(⌈`depth`n/2⌉, 2)

where `width`n, `height`n, and `depth`n are the dimensions of the next larger mip level, n.

The minimum mip level size is:

- 2x2 for two-dimensional images, and

- 2x2x2 for three-dimensional images.

The number of levels in a complete mipmap chain is:

  ⌈log2(max(`width`0, `height`0, `depth`0))⌉

where `width`0, `height`0, and `depth`0 are the dimensions of the largest (most detailed) mip level, `0`.

### 12.4. Image Layouts

Images are stored in implementation-dependent opaque layouts in memory. Each layout has limitations on what kinds of operations are supported for image subresources using the layout. At any given time, the data representing an image subresource in memory exists in a particular layout which is determined by the most recent layout transition that was performed on that image subresource. Applications have control over which layout each image subresource uses, and can transition an image subresource from one layout to another. Transitions can happen with an image memory barrier, included as part of a vkCmdPipelineBarrier or a vkCmdWaitEvents command buffer command (see Image Memory Barriers), or as part of a subpass dependency within a render pass (see `VkSubpassDependency`).

Image layout is per-image subresource. Separate image subresources of the same image can be in different layouts at the same time, with the exception that depth and stencil aspects of a given image subresource can only be in different layouts if the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is enabled.

Note | Each layout may offer optimal performance for a specific usage of image memory. For example, an image with a layout of `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` may provide optimal performance for use as a color attachment, but be unsupported for use in transfer commands. Applications can transition an image subresource from one layout to another in order to achieve optimal performance when the image subresource is used for multiple kinds of operations. After initialization, applications need not use any layout other than the general layout, though this may produce suboptimal performance on some implementations.

Upon creation, all image subresources of an image are initially in the same layout, where that layout is selected by the `VkImageCreateInfo`::`initialLayout` member. The `initialLayout` must be either `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`. If it is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`, then the image data can be preinitialized by the host while using this layout, and the transition away from this layout will preserve that data. If it is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, then the contents of the data are considered to be undefined, and the transition away from this layout is not guaranteed to preserve that data. For either of these initial layouts, any image subresources must be transitioned to another layout before they are accessed by the device.

Host access to image memory is only well-defined for linear images and for image subresources of those images which are currently in either the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout. Calling vkGetImageSubresourceLayout for a linear image returns a subresource layout mapping that is valid for either of those image layouts.

The set of image layouts consists of:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageLayout {
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED = 0,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL = 1,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 2,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 3,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 4,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 5,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL = 6,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL = 7,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED = 8,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 1000117000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 1000117001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 1000241000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 1000241001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 1000241002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 1000241003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 1000314000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 1000314001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_RENDERING_LOCAL_READ = 1000232000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_swapchain
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR = 1000001002,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_decode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_KHR = 1000024000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_decode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_KHR = 1000024001,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_decode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_KHR = 1000024002,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_shared_presentable_image
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR = 1000111000,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_fragment_density_map
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_OPTIMAL_EXT = 1000218000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_fragment_shading_rate
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR = 1000164003,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_KHR = 1000299000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_KHR = 1000299001,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_queue
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_KHR = 1000299002,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_attachment_feedback_loop_layout
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_OPTIMAL_EXT = 1000339000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_video_encode_quantization_map
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_MAP_KHR = 1000553000,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL_KHR = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
      // Provided by VK_NV_shading_rate_image
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADING_RATE_OPTIMAL_NV = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering_local_read
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_RENDERING_LOCAL_READ_KHR = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_RENDERING_LOCAL_READ,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL_KHR = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL_KHR = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_synchronization2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL_KHR = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_synchronization2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
    } VkImageLayout;

The type(s) of device access supported by each layout are:

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` specifies that the layout is unknown. Image memory cannot be transitioned into this layout. This layout can be used as the `initialLayout` member of VkImageCreateInfo. This layout can be used in place of the current image layout in a layout transition, but doing so will cause the contents of the image’s memory to be undefined.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` specifies that an image’s memory is in a defined layout and can be populated by data, but that it has not yet been initialized by the driver. Image memory cannot be transitioned into this layout. This layout can be used as the `initialLayout` member of VkImageCreateInfo. This layout is intended to be used as the initial layout for an image whose contents are written by the host, and hence the data can be written to memory immediately, without first executing a layout transition. Currently, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` is only useful with linear images because there is not a standard layout defined for `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL` images.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` supports all types of device access, unless specified otherwise.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout that must only be used with attachment accesses in the graphics pipeline.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout allowing read only access as an attachment, or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` must only be used as a color or resolve attachment in a `VkFramebuffer`. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for both the depth and stencil aspects of a depth/stencil format image allowing read and write access as a depth/stencil attachment. It is equivalent to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for both the depth and stencil aspects of a depth/stencil format image allowing read only access as a depth/stencil attachment or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment. It is equivalent to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for depth/stencil format images allowing read and write access to the stencil aspect as a stencil attachment, and read only access to the depth aspect as a depth attachment or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment. It is equivalent to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for depth/stencil format images allowing read and write access to the depth aspect as a depth attachment, and read only access to the stencil aspect as a stencil attachment or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment. It is equivalent to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for the depth aspect of a depth/stencil format image allowing read and write access as a depth attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for the depth aspect of a depth/stencil format image allowing read-only access as a depth attachment or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for the stencil aspect of a depth/stencil format image allowing read and write access as a stencil attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for the stencil aspect of a depth/stencil format image allowing read-only access as a stencil attachment or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout allowing read-only access in a shader as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` usage bits enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` must only be used as a source image of a transfer command (see the definition of `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT`). This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` must only be used as a destination image of a transfer command. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR` must only be used for presenting a presentable image for display.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHARED_PRESENT_KHR` is valid only for shared presentable images, and must be used for any usage the image supports.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR` must only be used as a fragment shading rate attachment or shading rate image. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_OPTIMAL_EXT` must only be used as a fragment density map attachment in a `VkRenderPass`. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_BIT_EXT` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_KHR` must only be used as a decode output picture in a video decode operation. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_KHR` is reserved for future use.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_KHR` must only be used as an output reconstructed picture or an input reference picture in a video decode operation. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_KHR` is reserved for future use.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_KHR` must only be used as an encode input picture in a video encode operation. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_KHR` must only be used as an output reconstructed picture or an input reference picture in a video encode operation. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_BIT_KHR` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_OPTIMAL_EXT` must only be used as either a color attachment or depth/stencil attachment in a `VkFramebuffer` and/or read-only access in a shader as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_BIT_EXT` usage bit enabled and either the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` and either the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` usage bits enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_RENDERING_LOCAL_READ` must only be used as either a storage image, or a color or depth/stencil attachment and an input attachment. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with either `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`, or both `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` and either of `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_MAP_KHR` must only be used as a quantization map in a video encode operation. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR` usage bit enabled.

The layout of each image subresource is not a state of the image subresource itself, but is rather a property of how the data in memory is organized, and thus for each mechanism of accessing an image in the API the application must specify a parameter or structure member that indicates which image layout the image subresource(s) are considered to be in when the image will be accessed. For transfer commands, this is a parameter to the command (see Clear Commands and Copy Commands). For use as a framebuffer attachment, this is a member in the substructures of the VkRenderPassCreateInfo (see Render Pass). For use in a descriptor set, this is a member in the `VkDescriptorImageInfo` structure (see Descriptor Set Updates).

Note | `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` can be a useful catch-all image layout, but there are situations where a dedicated image layout must be used instead. Some examples include: `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR` `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_KHR` `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_KHR` `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_KHR` `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_KHR` `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_KHR` `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_KHR`

Note | While `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` suggests that all types of device access is possible, it does not mean that all patterns of memory accesses are safe in all situations. Common Render Pass Data Races outlines some situations where data races are unavoidable. For example, when a subresource is used as both an attachment and a sampled image (i.e., not an input attachment), `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_FEEDBACK_LOOP_OPTIMAL_EXT` adds extra guarantees which `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` does not.

#### 12.4.1. Image Layout Matching Rules

At the time that any command buffer command accessing an image executes on any queue, the layouts of the image subresources that are accessed must all match exactly the layout specified via the API controlling those accesses, except in case of accesses to an image with a depth/stencil format performed through descriptors referring to only a single aspect of the image, where the following relaxed matching rules apply:

- Descriptors referring just to the depth aspect of a depth/stencil image only need to match in the image layout of the depth aspect, thus `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` are considered to match.

- Descriptors referring just to the stencil aspect of a depth/stencil image only need to match in the image layout of the stencil aspect, thus `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` are considered to match.

When performing a layout transition on an image subresource, the old layout value must either equal the current layout of the image subresource (at the time the transition executes), or else be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` (implying that the contents of the image subresource need not be preserved). The new layout used in a transition must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`.

The image layout of each image subresource of a depth/stencil image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SAMPLE_LOCATIONS_COMPATIBLE_DEPTH_BIT_EXT` is dependent on the last sample locations used to render to the image subresource as a depth/stencil attachment, thus applications must provide the same sample locations that were last used to render to the given image subresource whenever a layout transition of the image subresource happens, otherwise the contents of the depth aspect of the image subresource become undefined.

In addition, depth reads from a depth/stencil attachment referring to an image subresource range of a depth/stencil image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SAMPLE_LOCATIONS_COMPATIBLE_DEPTH_BIT_EXT` using different sample locations than what have been last used to perform depth writes to the image subresources of the same image subresource range return undefined values.

Similarly, depth writes to a depth/stencil attachment referring to an image subresource range of a depth/stencil image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SAMPLE_LOCATIONS_COMPATIBLE_DEPTH_BIT_EXT` using different sample locations than what have been last used to perform depth writes to the image subresources of the same image subresource range make the contents of the depth aspect of those image subresources undefined.

### 12.5. Image Views

Image objects are not directly accessed by pipeline shaders for reading or writing image data. Instead, image views representing contiguous ranges of the image subresources and containing additional metadata are used for that purpose. Views must be created on images of compatible types, and must represent a valid subset of image subresources.

Image views are represented by `VkImageView` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkImageView)

`VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS` is a special constant value used for image views to indicate that all remaining array layers in an image after the base layer should be included in the view.

    #define VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS         (~0U)

`VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS` is a special constant value used for image views to indicate that all remaining mipmap levels in an image after the base level should be included in the view.

    #define VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS           (~0U)

The types of image views that can be created are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageViewType {
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D = 0,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D = 1,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D = 2,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE = 3,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY = 4,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY = 5,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY = 6,
    } VkImageViewType;

To create an image view, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateImageView(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageViewCreateInfo*                pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkImageView*                                pView);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the image view.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a `VkImageViewCreateInfo` structure containing parameters to be used to create the image view.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pView` is a pointer to a VkImageView handle in which the resulting image view object is returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateImageView-device-09667
  `device` must support at least one queue family with one of the `VK_QUEUE_VIDEO_ENCODE_BIT_KHR`, `VK_QUEUE_VIDEO_DECODE_BIT_KHR`, `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`, or `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` capabilities

- VUID-vkCreateImageView-image-09179
  VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` must have been created from `device`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateImageView-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateImageView-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageViewCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateImageView-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateImageView-pView-parameter
  `pView` must be a valid pointer to a VkImageView handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_KHR`

The `VkImageViewCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageViewCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        const void*                pNext;
        VkImageViewCreateFlags     flags;
        VkImage                    image;
        VkImageViewType            viewType;
        VkFormat                   format;
        VkComponentMapping         components;
        VkImageSubresourceRange    subresourceRange;
    } VkImageViewCreateInfo;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkImageViewCreateFlagBits specifying additional parameters of the image view.

- `image` is a VkImage on which the view will be created.

- `viewType` is a VkImageViewType value specifying the type of the image view.

- `format` is a VkFormat specifying the format and type used to interpret texel blocks of the image.

- `components` is a VkComponentMapping structure specifying a remapping of color components (or of depth or stencil components after they have been converted into color components).

- `subresourceRange` is a VkImageSubresourceRange structure selecting the set of mipmap levels and array layers to be accessible to the view.

Some of the `image` creation parameters are inherited by the view. In particular, image view creation inherits the implicit parameter `usage` specifying the allowed usages of the image view that, by default, takes the value of the corresponding `usage` parameter specified in VkImageCreateInfo at image creation time. The implicit `usage` can be overridden by adding a VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain, but the view usage must be a subset of the image usage. If `image` has a depth-stencil format and was created with a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, the usage is calculated based on the `subresource.aspectMask` provided:

- If `aspectMask` includes only `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, the implicit `usage` is equal to VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage`.

- If `aspectMask` includes only `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT`, the implicit `usage` is equal to VkImageCreateInfo::`usage`.

- If both aspects are included in `aspectMask`, the implicit `usage` is equal to the intersection of VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` and VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage`.

If `image` is a 3D image, its Z range can be restricted to a subset by adding a VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT to the `pNext` chain.

If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` flag, and if the `format` of the image is not multi-planar, `format` can be different from the image’s format, but if `image` was created without the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag and they are not equal they must be compatible. Image format compatibility is defined in the Format Compatibility Classes section. Views of compatible formats will have the same mapping between texel coordinates and memory locations irrespective of the `format`, with only the interpretation of the bit pattern changing.

If `image` was created with a multi-planar format, and the image view’s `aspectMask` is one of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`, the view’s aspect mask is considered to be equivalent to `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT` when used as a framebuffer attachment.

Note | Values intended to be used with one view format may not be exactly preserved when written or read through a different format. For example, an integer value that happens to have the bit pattern of a floating-point denorm or NaN may be flushed or canonicalized when written or read through a view with a floating-point format. Similarly, a value written through a signed normalized format that has a bit pattern exactly equal to -2b may be changed to -2b + 1 as described in Conversion from Normalized Fixed-Point to Floating-Point.

If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag, `format` must be compatible with the image’s format as described above; or must be an uncompressed format, in which case it must be size-compatible with the image’s format. In this case, the resulting image view’s texel dimensions equal the dimensions of the selected mip level divided by the compressed texel block size and rounded up.

The VkComponentMapping `components` member describes a remapping from components of the image to components of the vector returned by shader image instructions. This remapping must be the identity swizzle for storage image descriptors, input attachment descriptors, framebuffer attachments, and any `VkImageView` used with a combined image sampler that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion.

If the image view is to be used with a sampler which supports sampler Y′CBCR conversion, an identically defined object of type VkSamplerYcbcrConversion to that used to create the sampler must be passed to vkCreateImageView in a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageViewCreateInfo. Conversely, if a VkSamplerYcbcrConversion object is passed to vkCreateImageView, an identically defined VkSamplerYcbcrConversion object must be used when sampling the image.

If the image has a multi-planar `format`, `subresourceRange.aspectMask` is `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, and `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, then the `format` must be identical to the image `format` and the sampler to be used with the image view must enable sampler Y′CBCR conversion.

When such an image is used in a video coding operation, the sampler Y′CBCR conversion has no effect.

If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` and the image has a multi-planar `format`, and if `subresourceRange.aspectMask` is `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`, `format` must be compatible with the corresponding plane of the image, and the sampler to be used with the image view must not enable sampler Y′CBCR conversion. The `width` and `height` of the single-plane image view must be derived from the multi-planar image’s dimensions in the manner listed for plane compatibility for the plane.

Any view of an image plane will have the same mapping between texel coordinates and memory locations as used by the components of the color aspect, subject to the formulae relating texel coordinates to lower-resolution planes as described in Chroma Reconstruction. That is, if an R or B plane has a reduced resolution relative to the G plane of the multi-planar image, the image view operates using the (uplane, vplane) unnormalized coordinates of the reduced-resolution plane, and these coordinates access the same memory locations as the (ucolor, vcolor) unnormalized coordinates of the color aspect for which chroma reconstruction operations operate on the same (uplane, vplane) or (iplane, jplane) coordinates.

Table 16. Image Type and Image View Type Compatibility Requirements
Image View Type | Compatible Image Types
--- | ---
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` , `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` , `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01003
  If `image` was not created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT` then `viewType` must not be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-01004
  If the `imageCubeArray` feature is not enabled, `viewType` must not be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-06723
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` but without `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` set then `viewType` must not be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-06728
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` but without `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT_EXT` set, then `viewType` must not be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04970
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` then `subresourceRange.levelCount` must be 1

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04972
  If `image` was created with a `samples` value not equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` then `viewType` must be either `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04441
  `image` must have been created with a `usage` value containing at least one of the usages defined in the valid image usage list for image views

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-None-02273
  The format features of the resultant image view must contain at least one bit

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-02274
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, then the format features of the resultant image view must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-02275
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-08931
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_LINEAR_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT_NV`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-02277
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-08333
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR` and `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VIDEO_DECODE_OUTPUT_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-08334
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR` and `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-08335
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR`, then `usage` must not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-08336
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR` and `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VIDEO_ENCODE_INPUT_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-08337
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR` and `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-08338
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_VIDEO_PROFILE_INDEPENDENT_BIT_KHR`, then `usage` must not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-10259
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-10260
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-08932
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and any of the following is true:

  - the `externalFormatResolve` feature is not enabled

  - the `nullColorAttachmentWithExternalFormatResolve` property is `VK_FALSE`

  - `image` was created with an VkExternalFormatANDROID::`externalFormat` value of 0

  then the image view’s format features must contain at least one of `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_LINEAR_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT_NV`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-01478
  `subresourceRange.baseMipLevel` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-01718
  If `subresourceRange.levelCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS`, `subresourceRange.baseMipLevel` + `subresourceRange.levelCount` must be less than or equal to the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-02571
  If `image` was created with `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_BIT_EXT`, `subresourceRange.levelCount` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-06724
  If `image` is not a 3D image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT_EXT` set, or `viewType` is not `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-06725
  If `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, `image` is not a 3D image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT_EXT` set, or `viewType` is not `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be non-zero and `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` + `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-02724
  If `image` is a 3D image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` set, and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` must be less than the depth computed from `baseMipLevel` and `extent.depth` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created, according to the formula defined in Image Mip Level Sizing

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-02725
  If `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, `image` is a 3D image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` set, and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be non-zero and `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` + `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be less than or equal to the depth computed from `baseMipLevel` and `extent.depth` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created, according to the formula defined in Image Mip Level Sizing

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01761
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` flag, but without the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag, and if the `format` of the `image` is not a multi-planar format, `format` must be compatible with the `format` used to create `image`, as defined in Format Compatibility Classes

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01583
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag, `format` must be compatible with, or must be an uncompressed format that is size-compatible with, the `format` used to create `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-07072
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag and `format` is a non-compressed format, the `levelCount` member of `subresourceRange` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-09487
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag, the `VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance6Properties`::`blockTexelViewCompatibleMultipleLayers` property is not `VK_TRUE`, and `format` is a non-compressed format, then the `layerCount` member of `subresourceRange` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-01585
  If a VkImageFormatListCreateInfo structure was included in the `pNext` chain of the VkImageCreateInfo structure used when creating `image` and VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`viewFormatCount` is not zero then `format` must be one of the formats in VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`pViewFormats`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01586
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` flag, if the `format` of the `image` is a multi-planar format, and if `subresourceRange.aspectMask` is one of the multi-planar aspect mask bits, then `format` must be compatible with the VkFormat for the plane of the `image` `format` indicated by `subresourceRange.aspectMask`, as defined in Compatible Formats of Planes of Multi-Planar Formats

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-07818
  `subresourceRange.aspectMask` must only have at most 1 valid multi-planar aspect mask bit

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01762
  If `image` was not created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` flag, or if the `format` of the `image` is a multi-planar format and if `subresourceRange.aspectMask` is `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, `format` must be identical to the `format` used to create `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-format-06415
  If the image view requires a sampler Y′CBCR conversion and `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, then the `pNext` chain must include a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo structure with a conversion value other than VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-format-04714
  If `format` has a `_422` or `_420` suffix then `image` must have been created with a width that is a multiple of 2

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-format-04715
  If `format` has a `_420` suffix then `image` must have been created with a height that is a multiple of 2

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-01970
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo structure with a `conversion` value other than VK_NULL_HANDLE, all members of `components` must have the identity swizzle

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06658
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo structure with a `conversion` value other than VK_NULL_HANDLE, `format` must be the same used in VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo::`format`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01020
  If `image` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subResourceRange-01021
  `viewType` must be compatible with the type of `image` as shown in the view type compatibility table

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-02399
  If `image` has an Android external format, `format` must be `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-02400
  If `image` has an Android external format, the `pNext` chain must include a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo structure with a `conversion` object created with the same external format as `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-02401
  If `image` has an Android external format, all members of `components` must be the identity swizzle

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-08957
  If `image` has an QNX Screen external format, `format` must be `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-08958
  If `image` has an QNX Screen external format, the `pNext` chain must include a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo structure with a `conversion` object created with the same external format as `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-08959
  If `image` has an QNX Screen external format, all members of `components` must be the identity swizzle

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-02086
  If `image` was created with `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR`, `viewType` must be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-02087
  If the `shadingRateImage` feature is enabled, and If `image` was created with `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SHADING_RATE_IMAGE_BIT_NV`, `format` must be `VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-04550
  If the `attachmentFragmentShadingRate` feature is enabled, and the `usage` for the image view includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-04551
  If the `attachmentFragmentShadingRate` feature is enabled, the `usage` for the image view includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR`, and `layeredShadingRateAttachments` is `VK_FALSE`, `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-flags-02572
  If the `fragmentDensityMapDynamic` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_DYNAMIC_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-flags-03567
  If the `fragmentDensityMapDeferred` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_DEFERRED_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-flags-03568
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_DEFERRED_BIT_EXT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_DYNAMIC_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-03569
  If `image` was created with `flags` containing `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SUBSAMPLED_BIT_EXT` and `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentDensityMap2PropertiesEXT`::`maxSubsampledArrayLayers`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-invocationMask-04993
  If the `invocationMask` feature is enabled, and if `image` was created with `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INVOCATION_MASK_BIT_HUAWEI`, `format` must be `VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-flags-04116
  If `flags` does not contain `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_DYNAMIC_BIT_EXT` and `image` was created with `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_BIT_EXT`, its `flags` must not contain any of `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-02662
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure, and `image` was not created with a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, its `usage` member must not include any bits that were not set in the `usage` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure used to create `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-02663
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure, `image` was created with a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, and `subresourceRange.aspectMask` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, the `usage` member of the VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure must not include any bits that were not set in the `usage` member of the VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure used to create `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-02664
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure, `image` was created with a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, and `subresourceRange.aspectMask` includes bits other than `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, the `usage` member of the VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure must not include any bits that were not set in the `usage` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure used to create `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-imageViewType-04973
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`, or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`; and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, then `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be 1

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-imageViewType-04974
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`, or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`; and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, then the remaining number of layers must be 1

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-02960
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be `6`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-02961
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY` and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be a multiple of `6`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-02962
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, the remaining number of layers must be `6`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-02963
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY` and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, the remaining number of layers must be a multiple of `6`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-imageViewFormatSwizzle-04465
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, and VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR::`imageViewFormatSwizzle` is `VK_FALSE`, all elements of `components` must have the identity swizzle

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-imageViewFormatReinterpretation-04466
  If the `VK_KHR_portability_subset` extension is enabled, and VkPhysicalDevicePortabilitySubsetFeaturesKHR::`imageViewFormatReinterpretation` is `VK_FALSE`, the VkFormat in `format` must not contain a different number of components, or a different number of bits in each component, than the format of the `VkImage` in `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04817
  If `image` was created with `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DST_BIT_KHR`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_SRC_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`, then the `viewType` must be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04818
  If `image` was created with `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DST_BIT_KHR`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_SRC_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_DPB_BIT_KHR`, then the `viewType` must be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-10261
  If `image` was created with `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_QUANTIZATION_DELTA_MAP_BIT_KHR` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODE_EMPHASIS_MAP_BIT_KHR`, then `viewType` must be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-flags-08106
  If `flags` includes `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT`, the `descriptorBufferCaptureReplay` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-08107
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT structure, `flags` must contain `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06787
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExportMetalObjectCreateInfoEXT structure, its `exportObjectType` member must be `VK_EXPORT_METAL_OBJECT_TYPE_METAL_TEXTURE_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06944
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure, then `textureSampleWeighted` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06945
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure, then `image` must have been created with `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_BIT_QCOM`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06946
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure, then `components` must be `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY` for all components

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06947
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure, then `subresourceRange.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06948
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure, then `subresourceRange.levelCount` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06949
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure, then `viewType` must be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06950
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure and if `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, then `image` must have been created with `imageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06951
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, then `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be equal to `2`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06952
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, then `image` must have been created with `width` equal to or greater than (n u m P ha ses×ma x(a l i g n(f i lt er S i ze.w i d t h,4),f i lt er S i ze.h e i g h t))

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06953
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure and if `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, then `image` must have been created with `imageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06954
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, then `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be equal or greater than numPhases

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06955
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, then `image` must have been created with `width` equal to or greater than `filterSize.width`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06956
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, then `image` must have been created with `height` equal to or greater than `filterSize.height`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06957
  If the `pNext` chain includes VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM structure then VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM::`filterSize.height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceImageProcessingPropertiesQCOM`::`maxWeightFilterDimension.height`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-09594
  `subresourceRange.aspectMask` must be valid for the `format` the `image` was created with

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkExportMetalObjectCreateInfoEXT, VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT, VkImageViewMinLodCreateInfoEXT, VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM, VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT, VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo, VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT, or VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique, with the exception of structures of type VkExportMetalObjectCreateInfoEXT

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkImageViewCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-parameter
  `viewType` must be a valid VkImageViewType value

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-components-parameter
  `components` must be a valid VkComponentMapping structure

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-parameter
  `subresourceRange` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceRange structure

Bits which can be set in VkImageViewCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying additional parameters of an image view, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageViewCreateFlagBits {
      // Provided by VK_EXT_fragment_density_map
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_DYNAMIC_BIT_EXT = 0x00000001,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT = 0x00000004,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_fragment_density_map2
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_DEFERRED_BIT_EXT = 0x00000002,
    } VkImageViewCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_DYNAMIC_BIT_EXT` specifies that the fragment density map will be read by device during `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_PROCESS_BIT_EXT`

- `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_FRAGMENT_DENSITY_MAP_DEFERRED_BIT_EXT` specifies that the fragment density map will be read by the host during vkEndCommandBuffer for the primary command buffer that the render pass is recorded into

- `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` specifies that the image view can be used with descriptor buffers when capturing and replaying (e.g. for trace capture and replay), see VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT for more detail.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkImageViewCreateFlags;

`VkImageViewCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageViewCreateFlagBits.

The set of usages for the created image view can be restricted compared to the parent image’s `usage` flags by adding a `VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo` structure to the `pNext` chain of VkImageViewCreateInfo.

The `VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType      sType;
        const void*          pNext;
        VkImageUsageFlags    usage;
    } VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance2
    typedef VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo VkImageViewUsageCreateInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkImageUsageFlagBits specifying allowed usages of the image view.

When this structure is chained to VkImageViewCreateInfo the `usage` field overrides the implicit `usage` parameter inherited from image creation time and its value is used instead for the purposes of determining the valid usage conditions of VkImageViewCreateInfo.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_USAGE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

The range of 3D slices for the created image view can be restricted to a subset of the parent image’s Z range by adding a `VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT` structure to the `pNext` chain of VkImageViewCreateInfo.

The `VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_sliced_view_of_3d
    typedef struct VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           sliceOffset;
        uint32_t           sliceCount;
    } VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `sliceOffset` is the Z-offset for the first 3D slice accessible to the image view.

- `sliceCount` is the number of 3D slices accessible to the image view.

When this structure is chained to VkImageViewCreateInfo the `sliceOffset` field is treated as a Z-offset for the sliced view and `sliceCount` specifies the range. Shader accesses using a Z coordinate of 0 will access the depth slice corresponding to `sliceOffset` in the image, and in a shader, the maximum in-bounds Z coordinate for the view is `sliceCount` - 1.

A sliced 3D view must only be used with a single mip level. The slice coordinates are integer coordinates within the `subresourceRange.baseMipLevel` used to create the image view.

The effective view depth is equal to `extent.depth` used to create the `image` for this view adjusted by `subresourceRange.baseMipLevel` as specified in Image Mip Level Sizing.

Shader access to this image view is only affected by `VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT` if it uses a descriptor of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`. For access using any other descriptor type, the contents of `VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT` are ignored; instead, `sliceOffset` is treated as being equal to 0, and `sliceCount` is treated as being equal to `VK_REMAINING_3D_SLICES_EXT`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT-sliceOffset-07867
  `sliceOffset` must be less than the effective view depth as specified in Image Mip Level Sizing

- VUID-VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT-sliceCount-07868
  If `sliceCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_3D_SLICES_EXT`, it must be non-zero and `sliceOffset` + `sliceCount` must be less than or equal to the effective view depth as specified in Image Mip Level Sizing

- VUID-VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT-image-07869
  `image` must have been created with `imageType` equal to `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`

- VUID-VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT-viewType-07909
  `viewType` must be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`

- VUID-VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT-None-07870
  The image view must reference exactly 1 mip level

- VUID-VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT-None-07871
  The imageSlicedViewOf3D feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_SLICED_CREATE_INFO_EXT`

`VK_REMAINING_3D_SLICES_EXT` is a special constant value used for VkImageViewSlicedCreateInfoEXT::`sliceCount` to indicate that all remaining 3D slices in an image after the first slice offset specified should be included in the view.

    #define VK_REMAINING_3D_SLICES_EXT        (~0U)

The `VkImageSubresourceRange` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageSubresourceRange {
        VkImageAspectFlags    aspectMask;
        uint32_t              baseMipLevel;
        uint32_t              levelCount;
        uint32_t              baseArrayLayer;
        uint32_t              layerCount;
    } VkImageSubresourceRange;

- `aspectMask` is a bitmask of VkImageAspectFlagBits specifying which aspect(s) of the image are included in the view.

- `baseMipLevel` is the first mipmap level accessible to the view.

- `levelCount` is the number of mipmap levels (starting from `baseMipLevel`) accessible to the view.

- `baseArrayLayer` is the first array layer accessible to the view.

- `layerCount` is the number of array layers (starting from `baseArrayLayer`) accessible to the view.

The number of mipmap levels and array layers must be a subset of the image subresources in the image. If an application wants to use all mip levels or layers in an image after the `baseMipLevel` or `baseArrayLayer`, it can set `levelCount` and `layerCount` to the special values `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS` and `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS` without knowing the exact number of mip levels or layers.

For cube and cube array image views, the layers of the image view starting at `baseArrayLayer` correspond to faces in the order +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z. For cube arrays, each set of six sequential layers is a single cube, so the number of cube maps in a cube map array view is `layerCount` / 6, and image array layer (`baseArrayLayer` + i) is face index (i mod 6) of cube i / 6. If the number of layers in the view, whether set explicitly in `layerCount` or implied by `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, is not a multiple of 6, the last cube map in the array must not be accessed.

`aspectMask` must be only `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` if `format` is a color, depth-only or stencil-only format, respectively, except if `format` is a multi-planar format. If using a depth/stencil format with both depth and stencil components, `aspectMask` must include at least one of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, and can include both.

When the `VkImageSubresourceRange` structure is used to select a subset of the slices of a 3D image’s mip level in order to create a 2D or 2D array image view of a 3D image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `baseArrayLayer` and `layerCount` specify the first slice index and the number of slices to include in the created image view. Such an image view can be used as a framebuffer attachment that refers only to the specified range of slices of the selected mip level. However, any layout transitions performed on such an attachment view during a render pass instance still apply to the entire subresource referenced which includes all the slices of the selected mip level.

When using an image view of a depth/stencil image to populate a descriptor set (e.g. for sampling in the shader, or for use as an input attachment), the `aspectMask` must only include one bit, which selects whether the image view is used for depth reads (i.e. using a floating-point sampler or input attachment in the shader) or stencil reads (i.e. using an unsigned integer sampler or input attachment in the shader). When an image view of a depth/stencil image is used as a depth/stencil framebuffer attachment, the `aspectMask` is ignored and both depth and stencil image subresources are used.

When creating a `VkImageView`, if sampler Y′CBCR conversion is enabled in the sampler, the `aspectMask` of a `subresourceRange` used by the `VkImageView` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`.

When creating a `VkImageView`, if sampler Y′CBCR conversion is not enabled in the sampler and the image `format` is multi-planar, the image must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT`, and the `aspectMask` of the `VkImageView`’s `subresourceRange` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-levelCount-01720
  If `levelCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS`, it must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-layerCount-01721
  If `layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, it must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-aspectMask-01670
  If `aspectMask` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, then it must not include any of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-aspectMask-02278
  `aspectMask` must not include `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_i_BIT_EXT` for any index i

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-aspectMask-parameter
  `aspectMask` must be a valid combination of VkImageAspectFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-aspectMask-requiredbitmask
  `aspectMask` must not be `0`

Bits which can be set in an aspect mask to specify aspects of an image for purposes such as identifying a subresource, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageAspectFlagBits {
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT = 0x00000008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT = 0x00000010,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT = 0x00000020,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT = 0x00000040,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE = 0,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_0_BIT_EXT = 0x00000080,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_1_BIT_EXT = 0x00000100,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_2_BIT_EXT = 0x00000200,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_3_BIT_EXT = 0x00000400,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT_KHR = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT_KHR = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT_KHR = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance4
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE_KHR = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE,
    } VkImageAspectFlagBits;

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE` specifies no image aspect, or the image aspect is not applicable.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT` specifies the color aspect.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` specifies the depth aspect.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` specifies the stencil aspect.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT` specifies the metadata aspect used for sparse resource operations.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` specifies plane 0 of a multi-planar image format.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` specifies plane 1 of a multi-planar image format.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` specifies plane 2 of a multi-planar image format.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_0_BIT_EXT` specifies memory plane 0.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_1_BIT_EXT` specifies memory plane 1.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_2_BIT_EXT` specifies memory plane 2.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_MEMORY_PLANE_3_BIT_EXT` specifies memory plane 3.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkImageAspectFlags;

`VkImageAspectFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageAspectFlagBits.

The `VkComponentMapping` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkComponentMapping {
        VkComponentSwizzle    r;
        VkComponentSwizzle    g;
        VkComponentSwizzle    b;
        VkComponentSwizzle    a;
    } VkComponentMapping;

- `r` is a VkComponentSwizzle specifying the component value placed in the R component of the output vector.

- `g` is a VkComponentSwizzle specifying the component value placed in the G component of the output vector.

- `b` is a VkComponentSwizzle specifying the component value placed in the B component of the output vector.

- `a` is a VkComponentSwizzle specifying the component value placed in the A component of the output vector.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkComponentMapping-r-parameter
  `r` must be a valid VkComponentSwizzle value

- VUID-VkComponentMapping-g-parameter
  `g` must be a valid VkComponentSwizzle value

- VUID-VkComponentMapping-b-parameter
  `b` must be a valid VkComponentSwizzle value

- VUID-VkComponentMapping-a-parameter
  `a` must be a valid VkComponentSwizzle value

Possible values of the members of VkComponentMapping, specifying the component values placed in each component of the output vector, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkComponentSwizzle {
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY = 0,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ZERO = 1,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ONE = 2,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R = 3,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G = 4,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B = 5,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A = 6,
    } VkComponentSwizzle;

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY` specifies that the component is set to the identity swizzle.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ZERO` specifies that the component is set to zero.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ONE` specifies that the component is set to either 1 or 1.0, depending on whether the type of the image view format is integer or floating-point respectively, as determined by the Format Definition section for each VkFormat.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R` specifies that the component is set to the value of the R component of the image.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G` specifies that the component is set to the value of the G component of the image.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B` specifies that the component is set to the value of the B component of the image.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A` specifies that the component is set to the value of the A component of the image.

Setting the identity swizzle on a component is equivalent to setting the identity mapping on that component. That is:

Table 17. Component Mappings Equivalent To `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY`
Component | Identity Mapping
--- | ---
`components.r` | `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R`
`components.g` | `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G`
`components.b` | `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B`
`components.a` | `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A`

If the `pNext` chain includes a `VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT` structure, then that structure includes a parameter specifying the decode mode for image views using ASTC compressed formats.

The `VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_astc_decode_mode
    typedef struct VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkFormat           decodeMode;
    } VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `decodeMode` is the intermediate format used to decode ASTC compressed formats.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT-decodeMode-02230
  `decodeMode` must be one of `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM`, or `VK_FORMAT_E5B9G9R9_UFLOAT_PACK32`

- VUID-VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT-decodeMode-02231
  If the `decodeModeSharedExponent` feature is not enabled, `decodeMode` must not be `VK_FORMAT_E5B9G9R9_UFLOAT_PACK32`

- VUID-VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT-decodeMode-02232
  If `decodeMode` is `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM` the image view must not include blocks using any of the ASTC HDR modes

- VUID-VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT-format-04084
  `format` of the image view must be one of the ASTC Compressed Image Formats

If `format` uses sRGB encoding then the `decodeMode` has no effect.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_ASTC_DECODE_MODE_EXT`

- VUID-VkImageViewASTCDecodeModeEXT-decodeMode-parameter
  `decodeMode` must be a valid VkFormat value

If the `pNext` chain includes a `VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM` structure, then that structure includes a parameter specifying the parameters for weight image views used in weight image sampling.

The `VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_QCOM_image_processing
    typedef struct VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkOffset2D         filterCenter;
        VkExtent2D         filterSize;
        uint32_t           numPhases;
    } VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `filterCenter` is a VkOffset2D describing the location of the weight filter origin.

- `filterSize` is a VkExtent2D specifying weight filter dimensions.

- `numPhases` is number of sub-pixel filter phases.

The `filterCenter` specifies the origin or center of the filter kernel, as described in Weight Sampling Operation. The `numPhases` describes the number of sub-pixel filter phases as described in Weight Sampling Phases.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM-filterSize-06958
  `filterSize.width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceImageProcessingPropertiesQCOM`::`maxWeightFilterDimension.width`

- VUID-VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM-filterSize-06959
  `filterSize.height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceImageProcessingPropertiesQCOM`::`maxWeightFilterDimension.height`

- VUID-VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM-filterCenter-06960
  `filterCenter.x` must be less than or equal to (filterSize.width - 1)

- VUID-VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM-filterCenter-06961
  `filterCenter.y` must be less than or equal to (filterSize.height - 1)

- VUID-VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM-numPhases-06962
  `numPhases` must be a power of two squared value (i.e., 1, 4, 16, 64, 256, etc.)

- VUID-VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM-numPhases-06963
  `numPhases` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceImageProcessingPropertiesQCOM`::`maxWeightFilterPhases`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageViewSampleWeightCreateInfoQCOM-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_SAMPLE_WEIGHT_CREATE_INFO_QCOM`

To destroy an image view, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyImageView(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImageView                                 imageView,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the image view.

- `imageView` is the image view to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-imageView-01026
  All submitted commands that refer to `imageView` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-imageView-01027
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `imageView` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-imageView-01028
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `imageView` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-imageView-parameter
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `imageView` must be a valid VkImageView handle

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-imageView-parent
  If `imageView` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `imageView` must be externally synchronized

To get the handle for an image view, call:

    // Provided by VK_NVX_image_view_handle
    uint32_t vkGetImageViewHandleNVX(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX*             pInfo);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image view.

- `pInfo` describes the image view to query and type of handle.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageViewHandleNVX-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageViewHandleNVX-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX structure

To get the 64-bit handle for an image view, call:

    // Provided by VK_NVX_image_view_handle
    uint64_t vkGetImageViewHandle64NVX(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX*             pInfo);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image view.

- `pInfo` describes the image view to query and type of handle.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageViewHandle64NVX-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageViewHandle64NVX-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX structure

The `VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NVX_image_view_handle
    typedef struct VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX {
        VkStructureType     sType;
        const void*         pNext;
        VkImageView         imageView;
        VkDescriptorType    descriptorType;
        VkSampler           sampler;
    } VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `imageView` is the image view to query.

- `descriptorType` is the type of descriptor for which to query a handle.

- `sampler` is the sampler to combine with the image view when generating the handle.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX-descriptorType-02654
  `descriptorType` must be `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`

- VUID-VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX-sampler-02655
  `sampler` must be a valid VkSampler if `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`

- VUID-VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX-imageView-02656
  If descriptorType is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, the image that `imageView` was created from must have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` usage bit set

- VUID-VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX-imageView-02657
  If descriptorType is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, the image that `imageView` was created from must have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT` usage bit set

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_HANDLE_INFO_NVX`

- VUID-VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX-imageView-parameter
  `imageView` must be a valid VkImageView handle

- VUID-VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX-descriptorType-parameter
  `descriptorType` must be a valid VkDescriptorType value

- VUID-VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX-sampler-parameter
  If `sampler` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `sampler` must be a valid VkSampler handle

- VUID-VkImageViewHandleInfoNVX-commonparent
  Both of `imageView`, and `sampler` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

To get the device address for an image view, call:

    // Provided by VK_NVX_image_view_handle
    VkResult vkGetImageViewAddressNVX(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImageView                                 imageView,
        VkImageViewAddressPropertiesNVX*            pProperties);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image view.

- `imageView` is a handle to the image view.

- `pProperties` contains the device address and size when the call returns.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageViewAddressNVX-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageViewAddressNVX-imageView-parameter
  `imageView` must be a valid VkImageView handle

- VUID-vkGetImageViewAddressNVX-pProperties-parameter
  `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkImageViewAddressPropertiesNVX structure

- VUID-vkGetImageViewAddressNVX-imageView-parent
  `imageView` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

The `VkImageViewAddressPropertiesNVX` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NVX_image_view_handle
    typedef struct VkImageViewAddressPropertiesNVX {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkDeviceAddress    deviceAddress;
        VkDeviceSize       size;
    } VkImageViewAddressPropertiesNVX;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `deviceAddress` is the device address of the image view.

- `size` is the size in bytes of the image view device memory.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageViewAddressPropertiesNVX-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_ADDRESS_PROPERTIES_NVX`

- VUID-VkImageViewAddressPropertiesNVX-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

#### 12.5.1. Image View Format Features

Valid uses of a VkImageView may depend on the image view’s format features, defined below. Such constraints are documented in the affected valid usage statement.

- If Vulkan 1.3 is supported or the `VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2` extension is supported, and VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, then the image view’s set of format features is the value of VkFormatProperties3::`linearTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 on the same `format` as VkImageViewCreateInfo::`format`.

- If Vulkan 1.3 is not supported and the `VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2` extension is not supported, and VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, then the image view’s set of format features is the union of the value of VkFormatProperties::`linearTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties on the same `format` as VkImageViewCreateInfo::`format`, with:

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT` if the format is a depth/stencil format and the image view features also contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`.

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` if the format is one of the extended storage formats and the `shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat` feature is enabled.

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` if the format is one of the extended storage formats and the `shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat` feature is enabled.

- If Vulkan 1.3 is supported or the `VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2` extension is supported, and VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, but without an Android hardware buffer external format, or a QNX Screen buffer external format, then the image view’s set of format features is the value of VkFormatProperties::`optimalTilingFeatures` or VkFormatProperties3::`optimalTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties or vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 on the same `format` as VkImageViewCreateInfo::`format`.

- If Vulkan 1.3 is not supported and the `VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2` extension is not supported, and VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, but without an Android hardware buffer external format, or a QNX Screen buffer external format, then the image view’s set of format features is the union of the value of VkFormatProperties::`optimalTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties on the same `format` as VkImageViewCreateInfo::`format`, with:

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT` if the format is a depth/stencil format and the image view features also contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`.

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` if the format is one of the extended storage formats and the `shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat` is enabled.

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` if the format is one of the extended storage formats and the `shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat` is enabled.

- If VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with an Android hardware buffer external format, then the image views’s set of format features is the value of VkAndroidHardwareBufferFormatPropertiesANDROID::`formatFeatures` found by calling vkGetAndroidHardwareBufferPropertiesANDROID on the Android hardware buffer that was imported to the VkDeviceMemory to which the VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` is bound.

- If VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with a QNX Screen buffer external format, then the image views’s set of format features is the value of VkScreenBufferFormatPropertiesQNX::`formatFeatures` found by calling vkGetScreenBufferPropertiesQNX on the QNX Screen buffer that was imported to the VkDeviceMemory to which the VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` is bound.

- If VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with a chained VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA, then the image view’s set of format features is the value of VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA::`formatFeatures` found by calling vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA on the buffer collection passed as VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA::`collection` when the image was created.

- If VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then:

  - The image’s DRM format modifier is the value of VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifier` found by calling vkGetImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT.

  - Let VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesListEXT::`pDrmFormatModifierProperties` be the array found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 on the same `format` as VkImageViewCreateInfo::`format`.

  - Let `VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT prop` be the array element whose `drmFormatModifier` member is the value of the image’s DRM format modifier.

  - Then the image view’s set of format features is `prop`::`drmFormatModifierTilingFeatures`.

The `VkImageViewMinLodCreateInfoEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_image_view_min_lod
    typedef struct VkImageViewMinLodCreateInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        float              minLod;
    } VkImageViewMinLodCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `minLod` is the value to clamp the minimum LOD accessible by this VkImageView.

If the `pNext` chain includes a `VkImageViewMinLodCreateInfoEXT` structure, then that structure includes a parameter specifying a value to clamp the minimum LOD value during Image Level(s) Selection, Texel Gathering and Integer Texel Coordinate Operations.

If the image view contains `VkImageViewMinLodCreateInfoEXT` and it is used as part of a sampling operation:

minLodFloatimageView = `minLod`

otherwise:

minLodFloatimageView = 0.0

An integer variant of this parameter is also defined for sampling operations which access integer mipmap levels:

minLodIntegerimageView = ⌊minLodFloatimageView⌋

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageViewMinLodCreateInfoEXT-minLod-06455
  If the `minLod` feature is not enabled, `minLod` must be `0.0`

- VUID-VkImageViewMinLodCreateInfoEXT-minLod-06456
  `minLod` must be less or equal to the index of the last mipmap level accessible to the view

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageViewMinLodCreateInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_MIN_LOD_CREATE_INFO_EXT`

### 12.6. Acceleration Structures

Acceleration structures are opaque data structures that are built by the implementation to more efficiently perform spatial queries on the provided geometric data. For these extensions, an acceleration structure is either a top-level acceleration structure containing a set of bottom-level acceleration structures or a bottom-level acceleration structure containing either a set of axis-aligned bounding boxes for custom geometry or a set of triangles.

Each instance in the top-level acceleration structure contains a reference to a bottom-level acceleration structure as well as an instance transform plus information required to index into the shader bindings. The top-level acceleration structure is what is bound to the acceleration descriptor, for example to trace inside the shader in the ray tracing pipeline.

Acceleration structures for the `VK_KHR_acceleration_structure extension` are represented by `VkAccelerationStructureKHR` handles:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkAccelerationStructureKHR)

To create an acceleration structure, call:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    VkResult vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR* pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkAccelerationStructureKHR*                 pAccelerationStructure);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the acceleration structure object.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR structure containing parameters affecting creation of the acceleration structure.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pAccelerationStructure` is a pointer to a `VkAccelerationStructureKHR` handle in which the resulting acceleration structure object is returned.

Similar to other objects in Vulkan, the acceleration structure creation merely creates an object with a specific “shape”. The type and quantity of geometry that can be built into an acceleration structure is determined by the parameters of VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR.

The acceleration structure data is stored in the object referred to by `VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR`::`buffer`. Once memory has been bound to that buffer, it must be populated by acceleration structure build or acceleration structure copy commands such as vkCmdBuildAccelerationStructuresKHR, vkBuildAccelerationStructuresKHR, vkCmdCopyAccelerationStructureKHR, and vkCopyAccelerationStructureKHR.

Note | The expected usage for a trace capture/replay tool is that it will serialize and later deserialize the acceleration structure data using acceleration structure copy commands. During capture the tool will use vkCopyAccelerationStructureToMemoryKHR or vkCmdCopyAccelerationStructureToMemoryKHR with a `mode` of `VK_COPY_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MODE_SERIALIZE_KHR`, and vkCopyMemoryToAccelerationStructureKHR or vkCmdCopyMemoryToAccelerationStructureKHR with a `mode` of `VK_COPY_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MODE_DESERIALIZE_KHR` during replay.

Note | Memory does not need to be bound to the underlying buffer when vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR is called.

The input buffers passed to acceleration structure build commands will be referenced by the implementation for the duration of the command. After the command completes, the acceleration structure may hold a reference to any acceleration structure specified by an active instance contained therein. Apart from this referencing, acceleration structures must be fully self-contained. The application can reuse or free any memory which was used by the command as an input or as scratch without affecting the results of ray traversal.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR-accelerationStructure-03611
  The `VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR`::`accelerationStructure` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR-deviceAddress-03488
  If VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR::`deviceAddress` is not zero, the `accelerationStructureCaptureReplay` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR-device-03489
  If `device` was created with multiple physical devices, then the `bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice` feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR structure

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureKHR-pAccelerationStructure-parameter
  `pAccelerationStructure` must be a valid pointer to a VkAccelerationStructureKHR handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_KHR`

The `VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef struct VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR {
        VkStructureType                          sType;
        const void*                              pNext;
        VkAccelerationStructureCreateFlagsKHR    createFlags;
        VkBuffer                                 buffer;
        VkDeviceSize                             offset;
        VkDeviceSize                             size;
        VkAccelerationStructureTypeKHR           type;
        VkDeviceAddress                          deviceAddress;
    } VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `createFlags` is a bitmask of VkAccelerationStructureCreateFlagBitsKHR specifying additional creation parameters of the acceleration structure.

- `buffer` is the buffer on which the acceleration structure will be stored.

- `offset` is an offset in bytes from the base address of the buffer at which the acceleration structure will be stored, and must be a multiple of `256`.

- `size` is the size required for the acceleration structure.

- `type` is a VkAccelerationStructureTypeKHR value specifying the type of acceleration structure that will be created.

- `deviceAddress` is the device address requested for the acceleration structure if the `accelerationStructureCaptureReplay` feature is being used. If `deviceAddress` is zero, no specific address is requested.

Applications should avoid creating acceleration structures with application-provided addresses and implementation-provided addresses in the same process, to reduce the likelihood of `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_KHR` errors.

Note | The expected usage for this is that a trace capture/replay tool will add the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` flag to all buffers that use `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT`, and will add `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` to all buffers used as storage for an acceleration structure where `deviceAddress` is not zero. This also means that the tool will need to add `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` to memory allocations to allow the flag to be set where the application may not have otherwise required it. During capture the tool will save the queried opaque device addresses in the trace. During replay, the buffers will be created specifying the original address so any address values stored in the trace data will remain valid. Implementations are expected to separate such buffers in the GPU address space so normal allocations will avoid using these addresses. Applications and tools should avoid mixing application-provided and implementation-provided addresses for buffers created with `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`, to avoid address space allocation conflicts.

Applications should create an acceleration structure with a specific VkAccelerationStructureTypeKHR other than `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GENERIC_KHR`.

Note | `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GENERIC_KHR` is intended to be used by API translation layers. This can be used at acceleration structure creation time in cases where the actual acceleration structure type (top or bottom) is not yet known. The actual acceleration structure type must be specified as `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_KHR` or `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_KHR` when the build is performed.

If the acceleration structure will be the target of a build operation, the required size for an acceleration structure can be queried with vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR. If the acceleration structure is going to be the target of a compacting copy, vkCmdWriteAccelerationStructuresPropertiesKHR or vkWriteAccelerationStructuresPropertiesKHR can be used to obtain the compacted size required.

If the acceleration structure will be the target of a build operation with `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MOTION_BIT_NV` it must include `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_MOTION_BIT_NV` in `createFlags` and include VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoNV as an extension structure in `pNext` with the number of instances as metadata for the object.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-deviceAddress-03612
  If `deviceAddress` is not zero, `createFlags` must include `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-deviceAddress-09488
  If `deviceAddress` is not zero, it must have been retrieved from an identically created acceleration structure, except for `buffer` and `deviceAddress`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-deviceAddress-09489
  If `deviceAddress` is not zero, `buffer` must have been created identically to the `buffer` used to create the acceleration structure from which `deviceAddress` was retrieved, except for VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo::`opaqueCaptureAddress`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-deviceAddress-09490
  If `deviceAddress` is not zero, `buffer` must have been created with a VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo::`opaqueCaptureAddress` that was retrieved from vkGetBufferOpaqueCaptureAddress for the `buffer` that was used to create the acceleration structure from which `deviceAddress` was retrieved

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-createFlags-03613
  If `createFlags` includes `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_KHR`, VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR::`accelerationStructureCaptureReplay` must be `VK_TRUE`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-buffer-03614
  `buffer` must have been created with a `usage` value containing `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_STORAGE_BIT_KHR`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-buffer-03615
  `buffer` must not have been created with `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-offset-03616
  The sum of `offset` and `size` must be less than the size of `buffer`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-offset-03734
  `offset` must be a multiple of `256` bytes

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-createFlags-04954
  If `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_MOTION_BIT_NV` is set in `createFlags` and `type` is `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_KHR`, one member of the `pNext` chain must be a pointer to a valid instance of VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoNV

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-createFlags-04955
  If any geometry includes `VkAccelerationStructureGeometryMotionTrianglesDataNV` then `createFlags` must contain `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_MOTION_BIT_NV`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-createFlags-08108
  If `createFlags` includes `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT`, the `descriptorBufferCaptureReplay` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-pNext-08109
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT structure, `createFlags` must contain `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_INFO_KHR`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoNV or VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-createFlags-parameter
  `createFlags` must be a valid combination of VkAccelerationStructureCreateFlagBitsKHR values

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureTypeKHR value

The `VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing_motion_blur
    typedef struct VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoNV {
        VkStructureType                             sType;
        const void*                                 pNext;
        uint32_t                                    maxInstances;
        VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoFlagsNV    flags;
    } VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `maxInstances` is the maximum number of instances that may be used in the motion top-level acceleration structure.

- `flags` is 0 and reserved for future use.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MOTION_INFO_NV`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoNV-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing_motion_blur
    typedef VkFlags VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoFlagsNV;

`VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoFlagsNV` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

To get the build sizes for an acceleration structure, call:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    void vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkAccelerationStructureBuildTypeKHR         buildType,
        const VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR* pBuildInfo,
        const uint32_t*                             pMaxPrimitiveCounts,
        VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR*   pSizeInfo);

- `device` is the logical device that will be used for creating the acceleration structure.

- `buildType` defines whether host or device operations (or both) are being queried for.

- `pBuildInfo` is a pointer to a VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR structure describing parameters of a build operation.

- `pMaxPrimitiveCounts` is a pointer to an array of `pBuildInfo->geometryCount` `uint32_t` values defining the number of primitives built into each geometry.

- `pSizeInfo` is a pointer to a VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR structure which returns the size required for an acceleration structure and the sizes required for the scratch buffers, given the build parameters.

The `srcAccelerationStructure`, `dstAccelerationStructure`, and `mode` members of `pBuildInfo` are ignored. Any VkDeviceOrHostAddressKHR or VkDeviceOrHostAddressConstKHR members of `pBuildInfo` are ignored by this command, except that the `hostAddress` member of VkAccelerationStructureGeometryTrianglesDataKHR::`transformData` will be examined to check if it is `NULL`.

An acceleration structure created with the `accelerationStructureSize` returned by this command supports any build or update with a VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR structure and array of VkAccelerationStructureBuildRangeInfoKHR structures subject to the following properties:

- The build command is a host build command, and `buildType` is `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_HOST_KHR` or `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_HOST_OR_DEVICE_KHR`

- The build command is a device build command, and `buildType` is `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_DEVICE_KHR` or `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_HOST_OR_DEVICE_KHR`

- For VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR:

  - Its `type`, and `flags` members are equal to `pBuildInfo->type` and `pBuildInfo->flags`, respectively.

  - `geometryCount` is less than or equal to `pBuildInfo->geometryCount`.

  - For each element of either `pGeometries` or `ppGeometries` at a given index, its `geometryType` member is equal to `pBuildInfo->geometryType`.

  - For each element of either `pGeometries` or `ppGeometries` at a given index, its `flags` member is equal to the corresponding member of the same element in `pBuildInfo`.

  - For each element of either `pGeometries` or `ppGeometries` at a given index, with a `geometryType` member equal to `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR`, the `vertexFormat` and `indexType` members of `geometry.triangles` are equal to the corresponding members of the same element in `pBuildInfo`.

  - For each element of either `pGeometries` or `ppGeometries` at a given index, with a `geometryType` member equal to `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR`, the `maxVertex` member of `geometry.triangles` is less than or equal to the corresponding member of the same element in `pBuildInfo`.

  - For each element of either `pGeometries` or `ppGeometries` at a given index, with a `geometryType` member equal to `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR`, if the applicable address in the `transformData` member of `geometry.triangles` is not `NULL`, the corresponding `transformData.hostAddress` parameter in `pBuildInfo` is not `NULL`.

- For each VkAccelerationStructureBuildRangeInfoKHR corresponding to the VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR:

  - Its `primitiveCount` member is less than or equal to the corresponding element of `pMaxPrimitiveCounts`.

  - For each element of either `pGeometries` or `ppGeometries` at a given index, with a `geometryType` member equal to `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR`, if the `pNext` chain contains VkAccelerationStructureTrianglesOpacityMicromapEXT the corresponding member of `pBuildInfo` also contains VkAccelerationStructureTrianglesOpacityMicromapEXT and with an equivalent `micromap`.

  - For each element of either `pGeometries` or `ppGeometries` at a given index, with a `geometryType` member equal to `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR`, if the `pNext` chain contains VkAccelerationStructureTrianglesDisplacementMicromapNV the corresponding member of `pBuildInfo` also contains VkAccelerationStructureTrianglesDisplacementMicromapNV and with an equivalent `micromap`.

Similarly, the `updateScratchSize` value will support any build command specifying the `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MODE_UPDATE_KHR` `mode` under the above conditions, and the `buildScratchSize` value will support any build command specifying the `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MODE_BUILD_KHR` `mode` under the above conditions.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR-accelerationStructure-08933
  The `VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR`::`accelerationStructure` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR-device-03618
  If `device` was created with multiple physical devices, then the `bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR-pBuildInfo-03619
  If `pBuildInfo->geometryCount` is not `0`, `pMaxPrimitiveCounts` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pBuildInfo->geometryCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR-pBuildInfo-03785
  If `pBuildInfo->pGeometries` or `pBuildInfo->ppGeometries` has a `geometryType` of `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_INSTANCES_KHR`, each `pMaxPrimitiveCounts`[i] must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructurePropertiesKHR::`maxInstanceCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR-buildType-parameter
  `buildType` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureBuildTypeKHR value

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR-pBuildInfo-parameter
  `pBuildInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR structure

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR-pMaxPrimitiveCounts-parameter
  If `pMaxPrimitiveCounts` is not `NULL`, `pMaxPrimitiveCounts` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pBuildInfo->geometryCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR-pSizeInfo-parameter
  `pSizeInfo` must be a valid pointer to a VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR structure

The `VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR` structure describes the required build sizes for an acceleration structure and scratch buffers and is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef struct VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkDeviceSize       accelerationStructureSize;
        VkDeviceSize       updateScratchSize;
        VkDeviceSize       buildScratchSize;
    } VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `accelerationStructureSize` is the size in bytes required in a VkAccelerationStructureKHR for a build or update operation.

- `updateScratchSize` is the size in bytes required in a scratch buffer for an update operation.

- `buildScratchSize` is the size in bytes required in a scratch buffer for a build operation.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_SIZES_INFO_KHR`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureBuildSizesInfoKHR-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

Acceleration structures for the `VK_NV_ray_tracing extension` are represented by the similar `VkAccelerationStructureNV` handles:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkAccelerationStructureNV)

To create acceleration structures, call:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    VkResult vkCreateAccelerationStructureNV(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV*  pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkAccelerationStructureNV*                  pAccelerationStructure);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the buffer object.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV structure containing parameters affecting creation of the acceleration structure.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pAccelerationStructure` is a pointer to a VkAccelerationStructureNV handle in which the resulting acceleration structure object is returned.

Similarly to other objects in Vulkan, the acceleration structure creation merely creates an object with a specific “shape” as specified by the information in VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV and `compactedSize` in `pCreateInfo`.

Once memory has been bound to the acceleration structure using vkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryNV, that memory is populated by calls to vkCmdBuildAccelerationStructureNV and vkCmdCopyAccelerationStructureNV.

Acceleration structure creation uses the count and type information from the geometries, but does not use the data references in the structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureNV-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureNV-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV structure

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureNV-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateAccelerationStructureNV-pAccelerationStructure-parameter
  `pAccelerationStructure` must be a valid pointer to a VkAccelerationStructureNV handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

The `VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef struct VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        const void*                      pNext;
        VkDeviceSize                     compactedSize;
        VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV    info;
    } VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `compactedSize` is the size from the result of vkCmdWriteAccelerationStructuresPropertiesNV if this acceleration structure is going to be the target of a compacting copy.

- `info` is the VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV structure specifying further parameters of the created acceleration structure.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV-compactedSize-02421
  If `compactedSize` is not `0` then both `info.geometryCount` and `info.instanceCount` must be `0`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_INFO_NV`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoNV-info-parameter
  `info` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV structure

The `VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef struct VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV {
        VkStructureType                        sType;
        const void*                            pNext;
        VkAccelerationStructureTypeNV          type;
        VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagsNV    flags;
        uint32_t                               instanceCount;
        uint32_t                               geometryCount;
        const VkGeometryNV*                    pGeometries;
    } VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `type` is a VkAccelerationStructureTypeNV value specifying the type of acceleration structure that will be created.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagBitsNV specifying additional parameters of the acceleration structure.

- `instanceCount` specifies the number of instances that will be in the new acceleration structure.

- `geometryCount` specifies the number of geometries that will be in the new acceleration structure.

- `pGeometries` is a pointer to an array of `geometryCount` VkGeometryNV structures containing the scene data being passed into the acceleration structure.

`VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV` contains information that is used both for acceleration structure creation with vkCreateAccelerationStructureNV and in combination with the actual geometric data to build the acceleration structure with vkCmdBuildAccelerationStructureNV.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-geometryCount-02422
  `geometryCount` must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV::`maxGeometryCount`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-instanceCount-02423
  `instanceCount` must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV::`maxInstanceCount`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-maxTriangleCount-02424
  The total number of triangles in all geometries must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceRayTracingPropertiesNV::`maxTriangleCount`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-type-02425
  If `type` is `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_NV` then `geometryCount` must be `0`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-type-02426
  If `type` is `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_NV` then `instanceCount` must be `0`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-type-02786
  If `type` is `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_NV` then the `geometryType` member of each geometry in `pGeometries` must be the same

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-type-04623
  `type` must not be `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GENERIC_KHR`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-flags-02592
  If `flags` has the `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_NV` bit set, then it must not have the `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_BUILD_BIT_NV` bit set

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-scratch-02781
  `scratch` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_RAY_TRACING_BIT_NV` usage flag

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-instanceData-02782
  If `instanceData` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `instanceData` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_RAY_TRACING_BIT_NV` usage flag

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_INFO_NV`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureTypeNV value

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagBitsNV values

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV-pGeometries-parameter
  If `geometryCount` is not `0`, `pGeometries` must be a valid pointer to an array of `geometryCount` valid VkGeometryNV structures

Values which can be set in VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR::`type` or VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV::`type` specifying the type of acceleration structure, are:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef enum VkAccelerationStructureTypeKHR {
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_KHR = 0,
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_KHR = 1,
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GENERIC_KHR = 2,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_NV = VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_KHR,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_NV = VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_KHR,
    } VkAccelerationStructureTypeKHR;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef VkAccelerationStructureTypeKHR VkAccelerationStructureTypeNV;

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TOP_LEVEL_KHR` is a top-level acceleration structure containing instance data referring to bottom-level acceleration structures.

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL_KHR` is a bottom-level acceleration structure containing the AABBs or geometry to be intersected.

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GENERIC_KHR` is an acceleration structure whose type is determined at build time used for special circumstances. In these cases, the acceleration structure type is not known at creation time, but must be specified at build time as either top or bottom.

Bits which can be set in VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR::`createFlags`, specifying additional creation parameters for acceleration structures, are:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef enum VkAccelerationStructureCreateFlagBitsKHR {
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_KHR = 0x00000001,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_descriptor_buffer
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT = 0x00000008,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing_motion_blur
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_MOTION_BIT_NV = 0x00000004,
    } VkAccelerationStructureCreateFlagBitsKHR;

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_KHR` specifies that the acceleration structure’s address can be saved and reused on a subsequent run.

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` specifies that the acceleration structure can be used with descriptor buffers when capturing and replaying (e.g. for trace capture and replay), see VkOpaqueCaptureDescriptorDataCreateInfoEXT for more detail.

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_CREATE_MOTION_BIT_NV` specifies that the acceleration structure will be used with motion information, see VkAccelerationStructureMotionInfoNV for more detail.

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef VkFlags VkAccelerationStructureCreateFlagsKHR;

`VkAccelerationStructureCreateFlagsKHR` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkAccelerationStructureCreateFlagBitsKHR.

Bits which can be set in VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR::`flags` or VkAccelerationStructureInfoNV::`flags` specifying additional parameters for acceleration structure builds, are:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef enum VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagBitsKHR {
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_UPDATE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000001,
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_COMPACTION_BIT_KHR = 0x00000002,
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000004,
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_BUILD_BIT_KHR = 0x00000008,
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_LOW_MEMORY_BIT_KHR = 0x00000010,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing_motion_blur
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MOTION_BIT_NV = 0x00000020,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_OPACITY_MICROMAP_UPDATE_EXT = 0x00000040,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_DISABLE_OPACITY_MICROMAPS_EXT = 0x00000080,
      // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_OPACITY_MICROMAP_DATA_UPDATE_EXT = 0x00000100,
    #ifdef VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS
      // Provided by VK_NV_displacement_micromap
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_UPDATE_NV = 0x00000200,
    #endif
      // Provided by VK_KHR_ray_tracing_position_fetch
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_DATA_ACCESS_KHR = 0x00000800,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_UPDATE_BIT_NV = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_UPDATE_BIT_KHR,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_COMPACTION_BIT_NV = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_COMPACTION_BIT_KHR,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_NV = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_KHR,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_BUILD_BIT_NV = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_BUILD_BIT_KHR,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_LOW_MEMORY_BIT_NV = VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_LOW_MEMORY_BIT_KHR,
    } VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagBitsKHR;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagBitsKHR VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagBitsNV;

- `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_UPDATE_BIT_KHR` specifies that the specified acceleration structure can be updated with a `mode` of `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MODE_UPDATE_KHR` in VkAccelerationStructureBuildGeometryInfoKHR or an `update` of `VK_TRUE` in vkCmdBuildAccelerationStructureNV .

- `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_COMPACTION_BIT_KHR` specifies that the specified acceleration structure can act as the source for a copy acceleration structure command with `mode` of `VK_COPY_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MODE_COMPACT_KHR` to produce a compacted acceleration structure.

- `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_KHR` specifies that the given acceleration structure build should prioritize trace performance over build time.

- `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREFER_FAST_BUILD_BIT_KHR` specifies that the given acceleration structure build should prioritize build time over trace performance.

- `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_LOW_MEMORY_BIT_KHR` specifies that this acceleration structure should minimize the size of the scratch memory and the final result acceleration structure, potentially at the expense of build time or trace performance.

- `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_OPACITY_MICROMAP_UPDATE_EXT` specifies that the opacity micromaps associated with the specified acceleration structure may change with an acceleration structure update.

- `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_OPACITY_MICROMAP_DATA_UPDATE_EXT` specifies that the data of the opacity micromaps associated with the specified acceleration structure may change with an acceleration structure update.

- `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_DISABLE_OPACITY_MICROMAPS_EXT` specifies that the specified acceleration structure may be referenced in an instance with `VK_GEOMETRY_INSTANCE_DISABLE_OPACITY_MICROMAPS_EXT` set.

- `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_DATA_ACCESS_KHR` specifies that the specified acceleration structure can be used when fetching the vertex positions of a hit triangle.

- `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_UPDATE_NV` specifies that the displacement micromaps associated with the specified acceleration structure may change with an acceleration structure update.

Note | `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_UPDATE_BIT_KHR` and `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_COMPACTION_BIT_KHR` may take more time and memory than a normal build, and so should only be used when those features are needed.

Note | `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_UPDATE_BIT_KHR` and `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_ALLOW_COMPACTION_BIT_KHR` are allowed to be used together. In that case, the result of the compaction copy is used as the source of a build with `mode` of `VK_BUILD_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MODE_UPDATE_KHR` to perform the compacted update.

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef VkFlags VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagsKHR;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagsKHR VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagsNV;

`VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagsKHR` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkBuildAccelerationStructureFlagBitsKHR.

The `VkGeometryNV` structure describes geometry in a bottom-level acceleration structure and is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef struct VkGeometryNV {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        const void*           pNext;
        VkGeometryTypeKHR     geometryType;
        VkGeometryDataNV      geometry;
        VkGeometryFlagsKHR    flags;
    } VkGeometryNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `geometryType` specifies the VkGeometryTypeKHR which this geometry refers to.

- `geometry` contains the geometry data as described in VkGeometryDataNV.

- `flags` has VkGeometryFlagBitsKHR describing options for this geometry.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkGeometryNV-geometryType-03503
  `geometryType` must be `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_NV` or `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_AABBS_NV`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkGeometryNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GEOMETRY_NV`

- VUID-VkGeometryNV-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkGeometryNV-geometryType-parameter
  `geometryType` must be a valid VkGeometryTypeKHR value

- VUID-VkGeometryNV-geometry-parameter
  `geometry` must be a valid VkGeometryDataNV structure

- VUID-VkGeometryNV-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkGeometryFlagBitsKHR values

Geometry types are specified by VkGeometryTypeKHR, which takes values:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef enum VkGeometryTypeKHR {
        VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR = 0,
        VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_AABBS_KHR = 1,
        VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_INSTANCES_KHR = 2,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_NV = VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_AABBS_NV = VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_AABBS_KHR,
    } VkGeometryTypeKHR;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef VkGeometryTypeKHR VkGeometryTypeNV;

- `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_KHR` specifies a geometry type consisting of triangles.

- `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_AABBS_KHR` specifies a geometry type consisting of axis-aligned bounding boxes.

- `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_INSTANCES_KHR` specifies a geometry type consisting of acceleration structure instances.

Bits specifying additional parameters for geometries in acceleration structure builds, are:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef enum VkGeometryFlagBitsKHR {
        VK_GEOMETRY_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000001,
        VK_GEOMETRY_NO_DUPLICATE_ANY_HIT_INVOCATION_BIT_KHR = 0x00000002,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_GEOMETRY_OPAQUE_BIT_NV = VK_GEOMETRY_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
      // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
        VK_GEOMETRY_NO_DUPLICATE_ANY_HIT_INVOCATION_BIT_NV = VK_GEOMETRY_NO_DUPLICATE_ANY_HIT_INVOCATION_BIT_KHR,
    } VkGeometryFlagBitsKHR;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef VkGeometryFlagBitsKHR VkGeometryFlagBitsNV;

- `VK_GEOMETRY_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR` specifies that this geometry does not invoke the any-hit shaders even if present in a hit group.

- `VK_GEOMETRY_NO_DUPLICATE_ANY_HIT_INVOCATION_BIT_KHR` specifies that the implementation must only call the any-hit shader a single time for each primitive in this geometry. If this bit is absent an implementation may invoke the any-hit shader more than once for this geometry.

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef VkFlags VkGeometryFlagsKHR;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef VkGeometryFlagsKHR VkGeometryFlagsNV;

`VkGeometryFlagsKHR` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkGeometryFlagBitsKHR.

The `VkGeometryDataNV` structure specifies geometry in a bottom-level acceleration structure and is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef struct VkGeometryDataNV {
        VkGeometryTrianglesNV    triangles;
        VkGeometryAABBNV         aabbs;
    } VkGeometryDataNV;

- `triangles` contains triangle data if VkGeometryNV::`geometryType` is `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_NV`.

- `aabbs` contains axis-aligned bounding box data if VkGeometryNV::`geometryType` is `VK_GEOMETRY_TYPE_AABBS_NV`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkGeometryDataNV-triangles-parameter
  `triangles` must be a valid VkGeometryTrianglesNV structure

- VUID-VkGeometryDataNV-aabbs-parameter
  `aabbs` must be a valid VkGeometryAABBNV structure

The `VkGeometryTrianglesNV` structure specifies triangle geometry in a bottom-level acceleration structure and is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef struct VkGeometryTrianglesNV {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBuffer           vertexData;
        VkDeviceSize       vertexOffset;
        uint32_t           vertexCount;
        VkDeviceSize       vertexStride;
        VkFormat           vertexFormat;
        VkBuffer           indexData;
        VkDeviceSize       indexOffset;
        uint32_t           indexCount;
        VkIndexType        indexType;
        VkBuffer           transformData;
        VkDeviceSize       transformOffset;
    } VkGeometryTrianglesNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `vertexData` is the buffer containing vertex data for this geometry.

- `vertexOffset` is the offset in bytes within `vertexData` containing vertex data for this geometry.

- `vertexCount` is the number of valid vertices.

- `vertexStride` is the stride in bytes between each vertex.

- `vertexFormat` is a VkFormat describing the format of each vertex element.

- `indexData` is the buffer containing index data for this geometry.

- `indexOffset` is the offset in bytes within `indexData` containing index data for this geometry.

- `indexCount` is the number of indices to include in this geometry.

- `indexType` is a VkIndexType describing the format of each index.

- `transformData` is an optional buffer containing an VkTransformMatrixNV structure defining a transformation to be applied to this geometry.

- `transformOffset` is the offset in bytes in `transformData` of the transform information described above.

If `indexType` is `VK_INDEX_TYPE_NONE_NV`, then this structure describes a set of triangles determined by `vertexCount`. Otherwise, this structure describes a set of indexed triangles determined by `indexCount`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-vertexOffset-02428
  `vertexOffset` must be less than the size of `vertexData`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-vertexOffset-02429
  `vertexOffset` must be a multiple of the component size of `vertexFormat`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-vertexFormat-02430
  `vertexFormat` must be one of `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM`, or `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SNORM`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-vertexStride-03818
  `vertexStride` must be less than or equal to 232-1

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-indexOffset-02431
  `indexOffset` must be less than the size of `indexData`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-indexOffset-02432
  `indexOffset` must be a multiple of the element size of `indexType`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-indexType-02433
  `indexType` must be `VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16`, `VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32`, or `VK_INDEX_TYPE_NONE_NV`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-indexData-02434
  `indexData` must be VK_NULL_HANDLE if `indexType` is `VK_INDEX_TYPE_NONE_NV`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-indexData-02435
  `indexData` must be a valid `VkBuffer` handle if `indexType` is not `VK_INDEX_TYPE_NONE_NV`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-indexCount-02436
  `indexCount` must be `0` if `indexType` is `VK_INDEX_TYPE_NONE_NV`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-transformOffset-02437
  `transformOffset` must be less than the size of `transformData`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-transformOffset-02438
  `transformOffset` must be a multiple of `16`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GEOMETRY_TRIANGLES_NV`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-vertexData-parameter
  If `vertexData` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `vertexData` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-vertexFormat-parameter
  `vertexFormat` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-indexData-parameter
  If `indexData` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `indexData` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-indexType-parameter
  `indexType` must be a valid VkIndexType value

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-transformData-parameter
  If `transformData` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `transformData` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkGeometryTrianglesNV-commonparent
  Each of `indexData`, `transformData`, and `vertexData` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkGeometryAABBNV` structure specifies axis-aligned bounding box geometry in a bottom-level acceleration structure, and is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef struct VkGeometryAABBNV {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBuffer           aabbData;
        uint32_t           numAABBs;
        uint32_t           stride;
        VkDeviceSize       offset;
    } VkGeometryAABBNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `aabbData` is the buffer containing axis-aligned bounding box data.

- `numAABBs` is the number of AABBs in this geometry.

- `stride` is the stride in bytes between AABBs in `aabbData`.

- `offset` is the offset in bytes of the first AABB in `aabbData`.

The AABB data in memory is six 32-bit floats consisting of the minimum x, y, and z values followed by the maximum x, y, and z values.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkGeometryAABBNV-offset-02439
  `offset` must be less than the size of `aabbData`

- VUID-VkGeometryAABBNV-offset-02440
  `offset` must be a multiple of `8`

- VUID-VkGeometryAABBNV-stride-02441
  `stride` must be a multiple of `8`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkGeometryAABBNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GEOMETRY_AABB_NV`

- VUID-VkGeometryAABBNV-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkGeometryAABBNV-aabbData-parameter
  If `aabbData` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `aabbData` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

To destroy an acceleration structure, call:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    void vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkAccelerationStructureKHR                  accelerationStructure,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the acceleration structure.

- `accelerationStructure` is the acceleration structure to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR-accelerationStructure-08934
  The `VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR`::`accelerationStructure` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR-accelerationStructure-02442
  All submitted commands that refer to `accelerationStructure` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR-accelerationStructure-02443
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `accelerationStructure` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR-accelerationStructure-02444
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `accelerationStructure` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR-accelerationStructure-parameter
  If `accelerationStructure` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `accelerationStructure` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureKHR handle

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureKHR-accelerationStructure-parent
  If `accelerationStructure` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `accelerationStructure` must be externally synchronized

To destroy an acceleration structure, call:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    void vkDestroyAccelerationStructureNV(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkAccelerationStructureNV                   accelerationStructure,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the buffer.

- `accelerationStructure` is the acceleration structure to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureNV-accelerationStructure-03752
  All submitted commands that refer to `accelerationStructure` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureNV-accelerationStructure-03753
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `accelerationStructure` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureNV-accelerationStructure-03754
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `accelerationStructure` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureNV-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureNV-accelerationStructure-parameter
  If `accelerationStructure` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `accelerationStructure` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureNV handle

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureNV-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyAccelerationStructureNV-accelerationStructure-parent
  If `accelerationStructure` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `accelerationStructure` must be externally synchronized

An acceleration structure has memory requirements for the structure object itself, scratch space for the build, and scratch space for the update.

Scratch space is allocated as a `VkBuffer`, so for `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_BUILD_SCRATCH_NV` and `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_UPDATE_SCRATCH_NV` the `pMemoryRequirements->alignment` and `pMemoryRequirements->memoryTypeBits` values returned by this call must be filled with zero, and should be ignored by the application.

To query the memory requirements, call:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    void vkGetAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsNV(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV* pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2KHR*                   pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device on which the acceleration structure was created.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV structure specifying the acceleration structure to get memory requirements for.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2KHR structure in which the requested acceleration structure memory requirements are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsNV-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsNV-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV structure

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsNV-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2KHR structure

The `VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef struct VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV {
        VkStructureType                                    sType;
        const void*                                        pNext;
        VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsTypeNV    type;
        VkAccelerationStructureNV                          accelerationStructure;
    } VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `type` selects the type of memory requirement being queried. `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_OBJECT_NV` returns the memory requirements for the object itself. `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_BUILD_SCRATCH_NV` returns the memory requirements for the scratch memory when doing a build. `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_UPDATE_SCRATCH_NV` returns the memory requirements for the scratch memory when doing an update.

- `accelerationStructure` is the acceleration structure to be queried for memory requirements.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_NV`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsTypeNV value

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV-accelerationStructure-parameter
  `accelerationStructure` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureNV handle

Possible values of `type` in `VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsInfoNV` are:,

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef enum VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsTypeNV {
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_OBJECT_NV = 0,
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_BUILD_SCRATCH_NV = 1,
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_UPDATE_SCRATCH_NV = 2,
    } VkAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsTypeNV;

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_OBJECT_NV` requests the memory requirement for the `VkAccelerationStructureNV` backing store.

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_BUILD_SCRATCH_NV` requests the memory requirement for scratch space during the initial build.

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_UPDATE_SCRATCH_NV` requests the memory requirement for scratch space during an update.

Possible values of `buildType` in vkGetAccelerationStructureBuildSizesKHR are:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef enum VkAccelerationStructureBuildTypeKHR {
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_HOST_KHR = 0,
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_DEVICE_KHR = 1,
        VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_HOST_OR_DEVICE_KHR = 2,
    } VkAccelerationStructureBuildTypeKHR;

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_HOST_KHR` requests the memory requirement for operations performed by the host.

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_DEVICE_KHR` requests the memory requirement for operations performed by the device.

- `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_HOST_OR_DEVICE_KHR` requests the memory requirement for operations performed by either the host, or the device.

To attach memory to one or more acceleration structures at a time, call:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    VkResult vkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryNV(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    bindInfoCount,
        const VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV* pBindInfos);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the acceleration structures and memory.

- `bindInfoCount` is the number of elements in `pBindInfos`.

- `pBindInfos` is a pointer to an array of VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV structures describing acceleration structures and memory to bind.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryNV-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryNV-pBindInfos-parameter
  `pBindInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindInfoCount` valid VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV structures

- VUID-vkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryNV-bindInfoCount-arraylength
  `bindInfoCount` must be greater than `0`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    typedef struct VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV {
        VkStructureType              sType;
        const void*                  pNext;
        VkAccelerationStructureNV    accelerationStructure;
        VkDeviceMemory               memory;
        VkDeviceSize                 memoryOffset;
        uint32_t                     deviceIndexCount;
        const uint32_t*              pDeviceIndices;
    } VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `accelerationStructure` is the acceleration structure to be attached to memory.

- `memory` is a `VkDeviceMemory` object describing the device memory to attach.

- `memoryOffset` is the start offset of the region of memory that is to be bound to the acceleration structure. The number of bytes returned in the VkMemoryRequirements::`size` member in `memory`, starting from `memoryOffset` bytes, will be bound to the specified acceleration structure.

- `deviceIndexCount` is the number of elements in `pDeviceIndices`.

- `pDeviceIndices` is a pointer to an array of device indices.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-accelerationStructure-03620
  `accelerationStructure` must not already be backed by a memory object

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-memoryOffset-03621
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-memory-03622
  `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsNV with `accelerationStructure` and `type` of `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_OBJECT_NV`

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-memoryOffset-03623
  `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsNV with `accelerationStructure` and `type` of `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_OBJECT_NV`

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-size-03624
  The `size` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to vkGetAccelerationStructureMemoryRequirementsNV with `accelerationStructure` and `type` of `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_TYPE_OBJECT_NV` must be less than or equal to the size of `memory` minus `memoryOffset`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_MEMORY_INFO_NV`

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-accelerationStructure-parameter
  `accelerationStructure` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureNV handle

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-pDeviceIndices-parameter
  If `deviceIndexCount` is not `0`, `pDeviceIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `deviceIndexCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryInfoNV-commonparent
  Both of `accelerationStructure`, and `memory` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

To allow constructing geometry instances with device code if desired, we need to be able to query an opaque handle for an acceleration structure. This handle is a value of 8 bytes. To get this handle, call:

    // Provided by VK_NV_ray_tracing
    VkResult vkGetAccelerationStructureHandleNV(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkAccelerationStructureNV                   accelerationStructure,
        size_t                                      dataSize,
        void*                                       pData);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the acceleration structures.

- `accelerationStructure` is the acceleration structure.

- `dataSize` is the size in bytes of the buffer pointed to by `pData`.

- `pData` is a pointer to an application-allocated buffer where the results will be written.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureHandleNV-dataSize-02240
  `dataSize` must be large enough to contain the result of the query, as described above

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureHandleNV-accelerationStructure-02787
  `accelerationStructure` must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object via vkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryNV

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureHandleNV-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureHandleNV-accelerationStructure-parameter
  `accelerationStructure` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureNV handle

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureHandleNV-pData-parameter
  `pData` must be a valid pointer to an array of `dataSize` bytes

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureHandleNV-dataSize-arraylength
  `dataSize` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureHandleNV-accelerationStructure-parent
  `accelerationStructure` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

To query the 64-bit device address for an acceleration structure, call:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    VkDeviceAddress vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR* pInfo);

- `device` is the logical device that the acceleration structure was created on.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR structure specifying the acceleration structure to retrieve an address for.

The 64-bit return value is an address of the acceleration structure, which can be used for device and shader operations that involve acceleration structures, such as ray traversal and acceleration structure building.

If the acceleration structure was created with a non-zero value of VkAccelerationStructureCreateInfoKHR::`deviceAddress`, the return value will be the same address.

If the acceleration structure was created with a `type` of `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GENERIC_KHR`, the returned address must be consistent with the relative offset to other acceleration structures with `type` `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GENERIC_KHR` allocated with the same VkBuffer. That is, the difference in returned addresses between the two must be the same as the difference in offsets provided at acceleration structure creation.

The returned address must be aligned to 256 bytes.

Note | The acceleration structure device address may be different from the buffer device address corresponding to the acceleration structure’s start offset in its storage buffer for acceleration structure types other than `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GENERIC_KHR`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR-accelerationStructure-08935
  The `VkPhysicalDeviceAccelerationStructureFeaturesKHR`::`accelerationStructure` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR-device-03504
  If `device` was created with multiple physical devices, then the `bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR-pInfo-09541
  If the buffer on which `pInfo->accelerationStructure` was placed is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR-pInfo-09542
  The buffer on which `pInfo->accelerationStructure` was placed must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` usage flag

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressKHR-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR structure

The `VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_KHR_acceleration_structure
    typedef struct VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR {
        VkStructureType               sType;
        const void*                   pNext;
        VkAccelerationStructureKHR    accelerationStructure;
    } VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `accelerationStructure` specifies the acceleration structure whose address is being queried.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO_KHR`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkAccelerationStructureDeviceAddressInfoKHR-accelerationStructure-parameter
  `accelerationStructure` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureKHR handle

### 12.7. Micromaps

Micromaps are opaque data structures that are built by the implementation to encode sub-triangle data to be included in an acceleration structure.

Micromaps are represented by `VkMicromapEXT` handles:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkMicromapEXT)

To create a micromap, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    VkResult vkCreateMicromapEXT(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT*              pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkMicromapEXT*                              pMicromap);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the acceleration structure object.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT structure containing parameters affecting creation of the micromap.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pMicromap` is a pointer to a `VkMicromapEXT` handle in which the resulting micromap object is returned.

Similar to other objects in Vulkan, the micromap creation merely creates an object with a specific “shape”. The type and quantity of geometry that can be built into a micromap is determined by the parameters of VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT.

The micromap data is stored in the object referred to by `VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT`::`buffer`. Once memory has been bound to that buffer, it must be populated by micromap build or micromap copy commands such as vkCmdBuildMicromapsEXT, vkBuildMicromapsEXT, vkCmdCopyMicromapEXT, and vkCopyMicromapEXT.

Note | The expected usage for a trace capture/replay tool is that it will serialize and later deserialize the micromap data using micromap copy commands. During capture the tool will use vkCopyMicromapToMemoryEXT or vkCmdCopyMicromapToMemoryEXT with a `mode` of `VK_COPY_MICROMAP_MODE_SERIALIZE_EXT`, and vkCopyMemoryToMicromapEXT or vkCmdCopyMemoryToMicromapEXT with a `mode` of `VK_COPY_MICROMAP_MODE_DESERIALIZE_EXT` during replay.

The input buffers passed to micromap build commands will be referenced by the implementation for the duration of the command. Micromaps must be fully self-contained. The application can reuse or free any memory which was used by the command as an input or as scratch without affecting the results of a subsequent acceleration structure build using the micromap or traversal of that acceleration structure.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateMicromapEXT-micromap-07430
  The `micromap` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCreateMicromapEXT-deviceAddress-07431
  If VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT::`deviceAddress` is not zero, the `micromapCaptureReplay` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCreateMicromapEXT-device-07432
  If `device` was created with multiple physical devices, then the `bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice` feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateMicromapEXT-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateMicromapEXT-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT structure

- VUID-vkCreateMicromapEXT-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateMicromapEXT-pMicromap-parameter
  `pMicromap` must be a valid pointer to a VkMicromapEXT handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_KHR`

The `VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    typedef struct VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkMicromapCreateFlagsEXT    createFlags;
        VkBuffer                    buffer;
        VkDeviceSize                offset;
        VkDeviceSize                size;
        VkMicromapTypeEXT           type;
        VkDeviceAddress             deviceAddress;
    } VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `createFlags` is a bitmask of VkMicromapCreateFlagBitsEXT specifying additional creation parameters of the micromap.

- `buffer` is the buffer on which the micromap will be stored.

- `offset` is an offset in bytes from the base address of the buffer at which the micromap will be stored, and must be a multiple of `256`.

- `size` is the size required for the micromap.

- `type` is a VkMicromapTypeEXT value specifying the type of micromap that will be created.

- `deviceAddress` is the device address requested for the micromap if the `micromapCaptureReplay` feature is being used.

If `deviceAddress` is zero, no specific address is requested.

If `deviceAddress` is not zero, `deviceAddress` must be an address retrieved from an identically created micromap on the same implementation. The micromap must also be placed on an identically created `buffer` and at the same `offset`.

Applications should avoid creating micromaps with application-provided addresses and implementation-provided addresses in the same process, to reduce the likelihood of `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_KHR` errors.

Note | The expected usage for this is that a trace capture/replay tool will add the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` flag to all buffers that use `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT`, and will add `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` to all buffers used as storage for a micromap where `deviceAddress` is not zero. This also means that the tool will need to add `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` to memory allocations to allow the flag to be set where the application may not have otherwise required it. During capture the tool will save the queried opaque device addresses in the trace. During replay, the buffers will be created specifying the original address so any address values stored in the trace data will remain valid. Implementations are expected to separate such buffers in the GPU address space so normal allocations will avoid using these addresses. Applications and tools should avoid mixing application-provided and implementation-provided addresses for buffers created with `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`, to avoid address space allocation conflicts.

If the micromap will be the target of a build operation, the required size for a micromap can be queried with vkGetMicromapBuildSizesEXT.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-deviceAddress-07433
  If `deviceAddress` is not zero, `createFlags` must include `VK_MICROMAP_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-createFlags-07434
  If `createFlags` includes `VK_MICROMAP_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT`, VkPhysicalDeviceOpacityMicromapFeaturesEXT::`micromapCaptureReplay` must be `VK_TRUE`

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-buffer-07435
  `buffer` must have been created with a `usage` value containing `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_MICROMAP_STORAGE_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-buffer-07436
  `buffer` must not have been created with `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-offset-07437
  The sum of `offset` and `size` must be less than the size of `buffer`

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-offset-07438
  `offset` must be a multiple of `256` bytes

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MICROMAP_CREATE_INFO_EXT`

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-createFlags-parameter
  `createFlags` must be a valid combination of VkMicromapCreateFlagBitsEXT values

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkMicromapTypeEXT value

To get the build sizes for a micromap, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    void vkGetMicromapBuildSizesEXT(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkAccelerationStructureBuildTypeKHR         buildType,
        const VkMicromapBuildInfoEXT*               pBuildInfo,
        VkMicromapBuildSizesInfoEXT*                pSizeInfo);

- `device` is the logical device that will be used for creating the micromap.

- `buildType` defines whether host or device operations (or both) are being queried for.

- `pBuildInfo` is a pointer to a VkMicromapBuildInfoEXT structure describing parameters of a build operation.

- `pSizeInfo` is a pointer to a VkMicromapBuildSizesInfoEXT structure which returns the size required for a micromap and the sizes required for the scratch buffers, given the build parameters.

The `dstMicromap` and `mode` members of `pBuildInfo` are ignored. Any VkDeviceOrHostAddressKHR members of `pBuildInfo` are ignored by this command.

A micromap created with the `micromapSize` returned by this command supports any build with a VkMicromapBuildInfoEXT structure subject to the following properties:

- The build command is a host build command, and `buildType` is `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_HOST_KHR` or `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_HOST_OR_DEVICE_KHR`

- The build command is a device build command, and `buildType` is `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_DEVICE_KHR` or `VK_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_TYPE_HOST_OR_DEVICE_KHR`

- For VkMicromapBuildInfoEXT:

  - Its `type`, and `flags` members are equal to `pBuildInfo->type` and `pBuildInfo->flags`, respectively.

  - The sum of usage information in either `pUsageCounts` or `ppUsageCounts` is equal to the sum of usage information in either `pBuildInfo->pUsageCounts` or `pBuildInfo->ppUsageCounts`.

Similarly, the `buildScratchSize` value will support any build command specifying the `VK_BUILD_MICROMAP_MODE_BUILD_EXT` `mode` under the above conditions.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetMicromapBuildSizesEXT-dstMicromap-09180
  VkMicromapBuildInfoEXT::`dstMicromap` must have been created from `device`

- VUID-vkGetMicromapBuildSizesEXT-micromap-07439
  The `micromap` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkGetMicromapBuildSizesEXT-device-07440
  If `device` was created with multiple physical devices, then the `bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice` feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetMicromapBuildSizesEXT-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetMicromapBuildSizesEXT-buildType-parameter
  `buildType` must be a valid VkAccelerationStructureBuildTypeKHR value

- VUID-vkGetMicromapBuildSizesEXT-pBuildInfo-parameter
  `pBuildInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkMicromapBuildInfoEXT structure

- VUID-vkGetMicromapBuildSizesEXT-pSizeInfo-parameter
  `pSizeInfo` must be a valid pointer to a VkMicromapBuildSizesInfoEXT structure

The `VkMicromapBuildSizesInfoEXT` structure describes the required build sizes for a micromap and scratch buffers and is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    typedef struct VkMicromapBuildSizesInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkDeviceSize       micromapSize;
        VkDeviceSize       buildScratchSize;
        VkBool32           discardable;
    } VkMicromapBuildSizesInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `micromapSize` is the size in bytes required in a VkMicromapEXT for a build or update operation.

- `buildScratchSize` is the size in bytes required in a scratch buffer for a build operation.

- `discardable` indicates whether or not the micromap object may be destroyed after an acceleration structure build or update. A false value means that acceleration structures built with this micromap may contain references to the data contained therein, and the application must not destroy the micromap until ray traversal has concluded. A true value means that the information in the micromap will be copied by value into the acceleration structure, and the micromap may be destroyed after the acceleration structure build concludes.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMicromapBuildSizesInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MICROMAP_BUILD_SIZES_INFO_EXT`

- VUID-VkMicromapBuildSizesInfoEXT-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

Values which can be set in VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT::`type` specifying the type of micromap, are:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    typedef enum VkMicromapTypeEXT {
        VK_MICROMAP_TYPE_OPACITY_MICROMAP_EXT = 0,
    #ifdef VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS
      // Provided by VK_NV_displacement_micromap
        VK_MICROMAP_TYPE_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_NV = 1000397000,
    #endif
    } VkMicromapTypeEXT;

- `VK_MICROMAP_TYPE_OPACITY_MICROMAP_EXT` is a micromap containing data to control the opacity of a triangle.

- `VK_MICROMAP_TYPE_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_NV` is a micromap containing data to control the displacement of subtriangles within a triangle.

Bits which can be set in VkMicromapCreateInfoEXT::`createFlags`, specifying additional creation parameters for micromaps, are:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    typedef enum VkMicromapCreateFlagBitsEXT {
        VK_MICROMAP_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT = 0x00000001,
    } VkMicromapCreateFlagBitsEXT;

- `VK_MICROMAP_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` specifies that the micromap’s address can be saved and reused on a subsequent run.

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    typedef VkFlags VkMicromapCreateFlagsEXT;

`VkMicromapCreateFlagsEXT` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkMicromapCreateFlagBitsEXT.

Bits which can be set in VkMicromapBuildInfoEXT::`flags` specifying additional parameters for micromap builds, are:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    typedef enum VkBuildMicromapFlagBitsEXT {
        VK_BUILD_MICROMAP_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_EXT = 0x00000001,
        VK_BUILD_MICROMAP_PREFER_FAST_BUILD_BIT_EXT = 0x00000002,
        VK_BUILD_MICROMAP_ALLOW_COMPACTION_BIT_EXT = 0x00000004,
    } VkBuildMicromapFlagBitsEXT;

- `VK_BUILD_MICROMAP_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_BIT_EXT` specifies that the given micromap build should prioritize trace performance over build time.

- `VK_BUILD_MICROMAP_PREFER_FAST_BUILD_BIT_EXT` specifies that the given micromap build should prioritize build time over trace performance.

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    typedef VkFlags VkBuildMicromapFlagsEXT;

`VkBuildMicromapFlagsEXT` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkBuildMicromapFlagBitsEXT.

To destroy a micromap, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_opacity_micromap
    void vkDestroyMicromapEXT(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkMicromapEXT                               micromap,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the micromap.

- `micromap` is the micromap to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyMicromapEXT-micromap-10382
  The `micromap` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkDestroyMicromapEXT-micromap-07441
  All submitted commands that refer to `micromap` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyMicromapEXT-micromap-07442
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `micromap` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyMicromapEXT-micromap-07443
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `micromap` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyMicromapEXT-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyMicromapEXT-micromap-parameter
  If `micromap` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `micromap` must be a valid VkMicromapEXT handle

- VUID-vkDestroyMicromapEXT-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyMicromapEXT-micromap-parent
  If `micromap` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `micromap` must be externally synchronized

### 12.8. Resource Memory Association

Resources are initially created as virtual allocations with no backing memory. Device memory is allocated separately (see Device Memory) and then associated with the resource. This association is done differently for sparse and non-sparse resources.

Resources created with any of the sparse creation flags are considered sparse resources. Resources created without these flags are non-sparse. The details on resource memory association for sparse resources is described in Sparse Resources.

Non-sparse resources must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object before the resource is passed as a parameter to any of the following operations:

- creating image or buffer views

- updating descriptor sets

- recording commands in a command buffer

Once bound, the memory binding is immutable for the lifetime of the resource.

In a logical device representing more than one physical device, buffer and image resources exist on all physical devices but can be bound to memory differently on each. Each such replicated resource is an instance of the resource. For sparse resources, each instance can be bound to memory arbitrarily differently. For non-sparse resources, each instance can either be bound to the local or a peer instance of the memory, or for images can be bound to rectangular regions from the local and/or peer instances. When a resource is used in a descriptor set, each physical device interprets the descriptor according to its own instance’s binding to memory.

Note | There are no new copy commands to transfer data between physical devices. Instead, an application can create a resource with a peer mapping and use it as the source or destination of a transfer command executed by a single physical device to copy the data from one physical device to another.

To determine the memory requirements for a buffer resource, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        VkMemoryRequirements*                       pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the buffer.

- `buffer` is the buffer to query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements structure in which the memory requirements of the buffer object are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements structure

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements-buffer-parent
  `buffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

To determine the memory requirements for an image resource which is not created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` flag set, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        VkMemoryRequirements*                       pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `image` is the image to query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements structure in which the memory requirements of the image object are returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-image-01588
  `image` must not have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` flag set

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-image-04004
  If `image` was created with the `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID` external memory handle type, then `image` must be bound to memory

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-image-08960
  If `image` was created with the `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_SCREEN_BUFFER_BIT_QNX` external memory handle type, then `image` must be bound to memory

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements structure

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-image-parent
  `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

The `VkMemoryRequirements` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkMemoryRequirements {
        VkDeviceSize    size;
        VkDeviceSize    alignment;
        uint32_t        memoryTypeBits;
    } VkMemoryRequirements;

- `size` is the size, in bytes, of the memory allocation required for the resource.

- `alignment` is the alignment, in bytes, of the offset within the allocation required for the resource.

- `memoryTypeBits` is a bitmask and contains one bit set for every supported memory type for the resource. Bit `i` is set if and only if the memory type `i` in the `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties` structure for the physical device is supported for the resource.

The precise size of images that will be bound to external Android hardware buffer memory is unknown until the memory has been imported or allocated, so applications must not call vkGetImageMemoryRequirements or vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with such a VkImage before it has been bound to memory. For this reason, applications also must not call vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements with a VkImageCreateInfo describing an external Android hardware buffer. When importing Android hardware buffer memory, the `allocationSize` can be determined by calling vkGetAndroidHardwareBufferPropertiesANDROID. When allocating new memory for a VkImage that can be exported to an Android hardware buffer, the memory’s `allocationSize` must be zero; the actual size will be determined by the dedicated image’s parameters. After the memory has been allocated, the amount of space allocated from the memory’s heap can be obtained by getting the image’s memory requirements or by calling vkGetAndroidHardwareBufferPropertiesANDROID with the Android hardware buffer exported from the memory.

When allocating new memory for a VkBuffer that can be exported to an Android hardware buffer an application may still call vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements or vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 with VkBuffer before it has been bound to memory.

If the resource being queried was created with the `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_BIT`, `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_KMT_BIT`, or `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_RESOURCE_BIT` external memory handle type, the value of `size` has no meaning and should be ignored.

The implementation guarantees certain properties about the memory requirements returned by vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2, vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2, vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements, vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements, vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements and vkGetImageMemoryRequirements:

- The `memoryTypeBits` member always contains at least one bit set.

- If `buffer` is a `VkBuffer` not created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bits set, or if `image` is a linear image that was not created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit set, then the `memoryTypeBits` member always contains at least one bit set corresponding to a `VkMemoryType` with a `propertyFlags` that has both the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` bit and the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` bit set. In other words, mappable coherent memory can always be attached to these objects.

- If `buffer` was created with VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` set to `0` or `image` was created with VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` set to `0`, the `memoryTypeBits` member always contains at least one bit set corresponding to a `VkMemoryType` with a `propertyFlags` that has the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` bit set.

- The `memoryTypeBits` member is identical for all `VkBuffer` objects created with the same value for the `flags` and `usage` members in the VkBufferCreateInfo structure and the `handleTypes` member of the VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateBuffer. Further, if `usage1` and `usage2` of type VkBufferUsageFlags are such that the bits set in `usage2` are a subset of the bits set in `usage1`, and they have the same `flags` and VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes`, then the bits set in `memoryTypeBits` returned for `usage1` must be a subset of the bits set in `memoryTypeBits` returned for `usage2`, for all values of `flags`.

- The `alignment` member is a power of two.

- The `alignment` member is identical for all `VkBuffer` objects created with the same combination of values for the `usage` and `flags` members in the VkBufferCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateBuffer.

- If the `maintenance4` feature is enabled, then the `alignment` member is identical for all `VkImage` objects created with the same combination of values for the `flags`, `imageType`, `format`, `extent`, `mipLevels`, `arrayLayers`, `samples`, `tiling` and `usage` members in the VkImageCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateImage.

- The `alignment` member satisfies the buffer descriptor offset alignment requirements associated with the `VkBuffer`’s `usage`:

  - If `usage` included `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`, `alignment` must be an integer multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minTexelBufferOffsetAlignment`.

  - If `usage` included `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT`, `alignment` must be an integer multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment`.

  - If `usage` included `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT`, `alignment` must be an integer multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment`.

- For images created with a color format, the `memoryTypeBits` member is identical for all `VkImage` objects created with the same combination of values for the `tiling` member, the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` bit and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit of the `flags` member, the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT` bit of the `flags` member, the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_HOST_TRANSFER_BIT` bit of the `usage` member if the VkPhysicalDeviceHostImageCopyProperties::`identicalMemoryTypeRequirements` property is `VK_FALSE`, `handleTypes` member of VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo, and the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` of the `usage` member in the VkImageCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateImage.

- For images created with a depth/stencil format, the `memoryTypeBits` member is identical for all `VkImage` objects created with the same combination of values for the `format` member, the `tiling` member, the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` bit and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit of the `flags` member, the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT` bit of the `flags` member, the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_HOST_TRANSFER_BIT` bit of the `usage` member if the VkPhysicalDeviceHostImageCopyProperties::`identicalMemoryTypeRequirements` property is `VK_FALSE`, `handleTypes` member of VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo, and the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` of the `usage` member in the VkImageCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateImage.

- If the memory requirements are for a `VkImage`, the `memoryTypeBits` member must not refer to a `VkMemoryType` with a `propertyFlags` that has the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT` bit set if the `image` did not have `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` bit set in the `usage` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateImage.

- If the memory requirements are for a `VkBuffer`, the `memoryTypeBits` member must not refer to a `VkMemoryType` with a `propertyFlags` that has the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT` bit set.

  Note | The implication of this requirement is that lazily allocated memory is disallowed for buffers in all cases.

- The `size` member is identical for all `VkBuffer` objects created with the same combination of creation parameters specified in VkBufferCreateInfo and its `pNext` chain.

- The `size` member is identical for all `VkImage` objects created with the same combination of creation parameters specified in VkImageCreateInfo and its `pNext` chain.

  Note | This, however, does not imply that they interpret the contents of the bound memory identically with each other. That additional guarantee, however, can be explicitly requested using `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT`.

- If the `maintenance4` feature is enabled, these additional guarantees apply:

  - For a `VkBuffer`, the `size` memory requirement is never greater than that of another `VkBuffer` created with a greater or equal `size` specified in VkBufferCreateInfo, all other creation parameters being identical.

  - For a `VkBuffer`, the `size` memory requirement is never greater than the result of aligning VkBufferCreateInfo::`size` with the `alignment` memory requirement.

  - For a VkImage, the `size` memory requirement is never greater than that of another VkImage created with a greater or equal value in each of `extent.width`, `extent.height`, and `extent.depth`; all other creation parameters being identical.

  - The memory requirements returned by vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements are identical to those that would be returned by vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 if it were called with a `VkBuffer` created with the same VkBufferCreateInfo values.

  - The memory requirements returned by vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements are identical to those that would be returned by vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 if it were called with a `VkImage` created with the same VkImageCreateInfo values.

To determine the memory requirements for a buffer resource, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2*      pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2
    void vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2KHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2*      pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the buffer.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure in which the memory requirements of the buffer object are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure

To determine the memory requirements for a buffer resource without creating an object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements*     pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance4
    void vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirementsKHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements*     pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device intended to own the buffer.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure in which the memory requirements of the buffer object are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements structure

- VUID-vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure

The `VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2 {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBuffer           buffer;
    } VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2
    typedef VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2 VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2KHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `buffer` is the buffer to query.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

The `VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements {
        VkStructureType              sType;
        const void*                  pNext;
        const VkBufferCreateInfo*    pCreateInfo;
    } VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance4
    typedef VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirementsKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferCreateInfo structure containing parameters affecting creation of the buffer to query.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS`

- VUID-VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferCreateInfo structure

To determine the memory requirements for an image resource, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2*       pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2
    void vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2KHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2*       pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure in which the memory requirements of the image object are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure

To determine the memory requirements for an image resource without creating an object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements*      pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance4
    void vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirementsKHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements*      pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device intended to own the image.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure in which the memory requirements of the image object are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements structure

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure

The `VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkImage            image;
    } VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2
    typedef VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2KHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `image` is the image to query.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-01589
  If `image` was created with a multi-planar format and the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` flag, there must be a VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo included in the `pNext` chain of the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-02279
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` and with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then there must be a VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo included in the `pNext` chain of the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-01590
  If `image` was not created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` flag, there must not be a VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo included in the `pNext` chain of the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-02280
  If `image` was created with a single-plane format and with any `tiling` other than `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then there must not be a VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo included in the `pNext` chain of the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-01897
  If `image` was created with the `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID` external memory handle type, then `image` must be bound to memory

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-08961
  If `image` was created with the `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_SCREEN_BUFFER_BIT_QNX` external memory handle type, then `image` must be bound to memory

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

The `VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        const VkImageCreateInfo*    pCreateInfo;
        VkImageAspectFlagBits       planeAspect;
    } VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance4
    typedef VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirementsKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkImageCreateInfo structure containing parameters affecting creation of the image to query.

- `planeAspect` is a VkImageAspectFlagBits value specifying the aspect corresponding to the image plane to query. This parameter is ignored unless `pCreateInfo->tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, or `pCreateInfo->flags` has `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pCreateInfo-06416
  The `pCreateInfo->pNext` chain must not contain a VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR structure

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pCreateInfo-06776
  The `pCreateInfo->pNext` chain must not contain a VkImageDrmFormatModifierExplicitCreateInfoEXT structure

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pNext-06996
  Applications also must not call vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements with a VkImageCreateInfo whose `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatANDROID structure with non-zero `externalFormat`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pNext-08962
  Applications also must not call vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements with a VkImageCreateInfo whose `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalFormatQNX structure with non-zero `externalFormat`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pCreateInfo-06417
  If `pCreateInfo->format` specifies a multi-planar format and `pCreateInfo->flags` has `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set then `planeAspect` must not be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE_KHR`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pCreateInfo-06419
  If `pCreateInfo->flags` has `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set and if the `pCreateInfo->tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then `planeAspect` must be a single valid multi-planar aspect mask bit

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pCreateInfo-06420
  If `pCreateInfo->tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then `planeAspect` must be a single valid memory plane for the image (that is, `aspectMask` must specify a plane index that is less than the VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` associated with the image’s `format` and VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifier`)

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-planeAspect-parameter
  If `planeAspect` is not `0`, `planeAspect` must be a valid VkImageAspectFlagBits value

To determine the memory requirements for a plane of a disjoint image, add a `VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo` structure to the `pNext` chain of the `VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2` structure.

The `VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkImageAspectFlagBits    planeAspect;
    } VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion
    typedef VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `planeAspect` is a VkImageAspectFlagBits value specifying the aspect corresponding to the image plane to query.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo-planeAspect-02281
  If the image’s `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then `planeAspect` must be a single valid multi-planar aspect mask bit

- VUID-VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo-planeAspect-02282
  If the image’s `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then `planeAspect` must be a single valid memory plane for the image (that is, `aspectMask` must specify a plane index that is less than the VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` associated with the image’s `format` and VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifier`)

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_PLANE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO`

- VUID-VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo-planeAspect-parameter
  `planeAspect` must be a valid VkImageAspectFlagBits value

The `VkMemoryRequirements2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkMemoryRequirements2 {
        VkStructureType         sType;
        void*                   pNext;
        VkMemoryRequirements    memoryRequirements;
    } VkMemoryRequirements2;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2, VK_NV_ray_tracing with VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2 or VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkMemoryRequirements2 VkMemoryRequirements2KHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `memoryRequirements` is a VkMemoryRequirements structure describing the memory requirements of the resource.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMemoryRequirements2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2`

- VUID-VkMemoryRequirements2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements

- VUID-VkMemoryRequirements2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

The `VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           prefersDedicatedAllocation;
        VkBool32           requiresDedicatedAllocation;
    } VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation
    typedef VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements VkMemoryDedicatedRequirementsKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `prefersDedicatedAllocation` specifies that the implementation would prefer a dedicated allocation for this resource. The application is still free to suballocate the resource but it may get better performance if a dedicated allocation is used.

- `requiresDedicatedAllocation` specifies that a dedicated allocation is required for this resource.

To determine the dedicated allocation requirements of a buffer or image resource, add a VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkMemoryRequirements2 structure passed as the `pMemoryRequirements` parameter of vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 or vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2, respectively.

Constraints on the values returned for buffer resources are:

- `requiresDedicatedAllocation` may be `VK_TRUE` if the `pNext` chain of VkBufferCreateInfo for the call to `vkCreateBuffer` used to create the buffer being queried included a VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo structure, and any of the handle types specified in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` requires dedicated allocation, as reported by vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties in `VkExternalBufferProperties`::`externalMemoryProperties.externalMemoryFeatures`. Otherwise, `requiresDedicatedAllocation` will be `VK_FALSE`.

- When the implementation sets `requiresDedicatedAllocation` to `VK_TRUE`, it must also set `prefersDedicatedAllocation` to `VK_TRUE`.

- If `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` was set in VkBufferCreateInfo::`flags` when `buffer` was created, then both `prefersDedicatedAllocation` and `requiresDedicatedAllocation` will be `VK_FALSE`.

Constraints on the values returned for image resources are:

- `requiresDedicatedAllocation` may be `VK_TRUE` if the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo for the call to vkCreateImage used to create the image being queried included a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure, and any of the handle types specified in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` requires dedicated allocation, as reported by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 in `VkExternalImageFormatProperties`::`externalMemoryProperties.externalMemoryFeatures`.

- `requiresDedicatedAllocation` may be `VK_TRUE` if the image’s tiling is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`.

- `requiresDedicatedAllocation` will otherwise be `VK_FALSE`

- If `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` was set in VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` when `image` was created, then both `prefersDedicatedAllocation` and `requiresDedicatedAllocation` will be `VK_FALSE`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_REQUIREMENTS`

To attach memory to a buffer object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkBindBufferMemory(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        VkDeviceMemory                              memory,
        VkDeviceSize                                memoryOffset);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the buffer and memory.

- `buffer` is the buffer to be attached to memory.

- `memory` is a VkDeviceMemory object describing the device memory to attach.

- `memoryOffset` is the start offset of the region of `memory` which is to be bound to the buffer. The number of bytes returned in the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` member in `memory`, starting from `memoryOffset` bytes, will be bound to the specified buffer.

`vkBindBufferMemory` is equivalent to passing the same parameters through VkBindBufferMemoryInfo to vkBindBufferMemory2.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-07459
  `buffer` must not have been bound to a memory object

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-01030
  `buffer` must not have been created with any sparse memory binding flags

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memoryOffset-01031
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-01035
  `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memoryOffset-01036
  `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-size-01037
  The `size` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer` must be less than or equal to the size of `memory` minus `memoryOffset`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-01444
  If `buffer` requires a dedicated allocation (as reported by vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 in VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements::`requiresDedicatedAllocation` for `buffer`), `memory` must have been allocated with VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer` equal to `buffer`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-01508
  If the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` provided when `memory` was allocated included a VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo structure in its `pNext` chain, and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer` was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, then `buffer` must equal VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer`, and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-None-01898
  If `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit set, the buffer must be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-None-01899
  If `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit not set, the buffer must not be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-01038
  If `buffer` was created with VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV::`dedicatedAllocation` equal to `VK_TRUE`, `memory` must have been allocated with VkDedicatedAllocationMemoryAllocateInfoNV::`buffer` equal to a buffer handle created with identical creation parameters to `buffer` and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-apiVersion-07920
  If the VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension is not enabled, VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion` is less than Vulkan 1.1, and `buffer` was not created with VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV::`dedicatedAllocation` equal to `VK_TRUE`, `memory` must not have been allocated dedicated for a specific buffer or image

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-02726
  If the value of VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` used to allocate `memory` is not `0`, it must include at least one of the handles set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `buffer` was created

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-02985
  If `memory` was allocated by a memory import operation, that is not VkImportAndroidHardwareBufferInfoANDROID with a non-`NULL` `buffer` value, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `buffer` was created

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-02986
  If `memory` was allocated with the VkImportAndroidHardwareBufferInfoANDROID memory import operation with a non-`NULL` `buffer` value, `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID` must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `buffer` was created

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-bufferDeviceAddress-03339
  If the VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures::`bufferDeviceAddress` feature is enabled and `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay-09200
  If the VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures::`bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay` feature is enabled and `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-06408
  If `buffer` was created with VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA chained to VkBufferCreateInfo::`pNext`, `memory` must be allocated with a VkImportMemoryBufferCollectionFUCHSIA chained to VkMemoryAllocateInfo::`pNext`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-descriptorBufferCaptureReplay-08112
  If the `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-09201
  If the `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` bit set

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-parent
  `buffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-parent
  `memory` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `buffer` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_KHR`

To attach memory to buffer objects for one or more buffers at a time, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VkResult vkBindBufferMemory2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    bindInfoCount,
        const VkBindBufferMemoryInfo*               pBindInfos);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_KHR_bind_memory2
    VkResult vkBindBufferMemory2KHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    bindInfoCount,
        const VkBindBufferMemoryInfo*               pBindInfos);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the buffers and memory.

- `bindInfoCount` is the number of elements in `pBindInfos`.

- `pBindInfos` is a pointer to an array of `bindInfoCount` VkBindBufferMemoryInfo structures describing buffers and memory to bind.

On some implementations, it may be more efficient to batch memory bindings into a single command.

If the `maintenance6` feature is enabled, this command must attempt to perform all of the memory binding operations described by `pBindInfos`, and must not early exit on the first failure.

If any of the memory binding operations described by `pBindInfos` fail, the VkResult returned by this command must be the return value of any one of the memory binding operations which did not return `VK_SUCCESS`.

Note | If the `vkBindBufferMemory2` command failed, VkBindMemoryStatus structures were not included in the `pNext` chains of each element of `pBindInfos`, and `bindInfoCount` was greater than one, then the buffers referenced by `pBindInfos` will be in an indeterminate state, and must not be used. Applications should destroy these buffers.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory2-pBindInfos-parameter
  `pBindInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindInfoCount` valid VkBindBufferMemoryInfo structures

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory2-bindInfoCount-arraylength
  `bindInfoCount` must be greater than `0`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_KHR`

`VkBindBufferMemoryInfo` contains members corresponding to the parameters of vkBindBufferMemory.

The `VkBindBufferMemoryInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBindBufferMemoryInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBuffer           buffer;
        VkDeviceMemory     memory;
        VkDeviceSize       memoryOffset;
    } VkBindBufferMemoryInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_bind_memory2
    typedef VkBindBufferMemoryInfo VkBindBufferMemoryInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `buffer` is the buffer to be attached to memory.

- `memory` is a VkDeviceMemory object describing the device memory to attach.

- `memoryOffset` is the start offset of the region of `memory` which is to be bound to the buffer. The number of bytes returned in the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` member in `memory`, starting from `memoryOffset` bytes, will be bound to the specified buffer.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-07459
  `buffer` must not have been bound to a memory object

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-01030
  `buffer` must not have been created with any sparse memory binding flags

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memoryOffset-01031
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-01035
  `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memoryOffset-01036
  `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-size-01037
  The `size` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer` must be less than or equal to the size of `memory` minus `memoryOffset`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-01444
  If `buffer` requires a dedicated allocation (as reported by vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 in VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements::`requiresDedicatedAllocation` for `buffer`), `memory` must have been allocated with VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer` equal to `buffer`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-01508
  If the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` provided when `memory` was allocated included a VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo structure in its `pNext` chain, and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer` was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, then `buffer` must equal VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer`, and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-None-01898
  If `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit set, the buffer must be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-None-01899
  If `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit not set, the buffer must not be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-01038
  If `buffer` was created with VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV::`dedicatedAllocation` equal to `VK_TRUE`, `memory` must have been allocated with VkDedicatedAllocationMemoryAllocateInfoNV::`buffer` equal to a buffer handle created with identical creation parameters to `buffer` and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-apiVersion-07920
  If the VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension is not enabled, VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion` is less than Vulkan 1.1, and `buffer` was not created with VkDedicatedAllocationBufferCreateInfoNV::`dedicatedAllocation` equal to `VK_TRUE`, `memory` must not have been allocated dedicated for a specific buffer or image

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-02726
  If the value of VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` used to allocate `memory` is not `0`, it must include at least one of the handles set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `buffer` was created

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-02985
  If `memory` was allocated by a memory import operation, that is not VkImportAndroidHardwareBufferInfoANDROID with a non-`NULL` `buffer` value, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `buffer` was created

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-02986
  If `memory` was allocated with the VkImportAndroidHardwareBufferInfoANDROID memory import operation with a non-`NULL` `buffer` value, `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID` must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `buffer` was created

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-bufferDeviceAddress-03339
  If the VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures::`bufferDeviceAddress` feature is enabled and `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay-09200
  If the VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures::`bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay` feature is enabled and `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-06408
  If `buffer` was created with VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA chained to VkBufferCreateInfo::`pNext`, `memory` must be allocated with a VkImportMemoryBufferCollectionFUCHSIA chained to VkMemoryAllocateInfo::`pNext`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-descriptorBufferCaptureReplay-08112
  If the `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-09201
  If the `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-pNext-01605
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure, all instances of `memory` specified by VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pDeviceIndices` must have been allocated

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo or VkBindMemoryStatus

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-commonparent
  Both of `buffer`, and `memory` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           deviceIndexCount;
        const uint32_t*    pDeviceIndices;
    } VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_bind_memory2 with VK_KHR_device_group
    typedef VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `deviceIndexCount` is the number of elements in `pDeviceIndices`.

- `pDeviceIndices` is a pointer to an array of device indices.

If the `pNext` chain of VkBindBufferMemoryInfo includes a `VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo` structure, then that structure determines how memory is bound to buffers across multiple devices in a device group.

If `deviceIndexCount` is greater than zero, then on device index i the buffer is attached to the instance of `memory` on the physical device with device index `pDeviceIndices`[i].

If `deviceIndexCount` is zero and `memory` comes from a memory heap with the `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` bit set, then it is as if `pDeviceIndices` contains consecutive indices from zero to the number of physical devices in the logical device, minus one. In other words, by default each physical device attaches to its own instance of `memory`.

If `deviceIndexCount` is zero and `memory` comes from a memory heap without the `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` bit set, then it is as if `pDeviceIndices` contains an array of zeros. In other words, by default each physical device attaches to instance zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-deviceIndexCount-01606
  `deviceIndexCount` must either be zero or equal to the number of physical devices in the logical device

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pDeviceIndices-01607
  All elements of `pDeviceIndices` must be valid device indices

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_DEVICE_GROUP_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pDeviceIndices-parameter
  If `deviceIndexCount` is not `0`, `pDeviceIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `deviceIndexCount` `uint32_t` values

The `VkBindMemoryStatus` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_4
    typedef struct VkBindMemoryStatus {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkResult*          pResult;
    } VkBindMemoryStatus;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance6
    typedef VkBindMemoryStatus VkBindMemoryStatusKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `pResult` is a pointer to a `VkResult` value.

If the `pNext` chain of VkBindBufferMemoryInfo or VkBindImageMemoryInfo includes a `VkBindMemoryStatus` structure, then the `VkBindMemoryStatus`::`pResult` will be populated with a value describing the result of the corresponding memory binding operation.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindMemoryStatus-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_MEMORY_STATUS`

- VUID-VkBindMemoryStatus-pResult-parameter
  `pResult` must be a valid pointer to a VkResult value

To attach memory to a `VkImage` object created without the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkBindImageMemory(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        VkDeviceMemory                              memory,
        VkDeviceSize                                memoryOffset);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image and memory.

- `image` is the image.

- `memory` is the VkDeviceMemory object describing the device memory to attach.

- `memoryOffset` is the start offset of the region of `memory` which is to be bound to the image. The number of bytes returned in the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` member in `memory`, starting from `memoryOffset` bytes, will be bound to the specified image.

`vkBindImageMemory` is equivalent to passing the same parameters through VkBindImageMemoryInfo to vkBindImageMemory2.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-07460
  `image` must not have been bound to a memory object

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-01045
  `image` must not have been created with any sparse memory binding flags

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memoryOffset-01046
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-01445
  If `image` requires a dedicated allocation (as reported by vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 in VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements::`requiresDedicatedAllocation` for `image`), `memory` must have been created with VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` equal to `image`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-02628
  If the `dedicatedAllocationImageAliasing` feature is not enabled, and the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` provided when `memory` was allocated included a VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo structure in its `pNext` chain, and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, then `image` must equal VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-02629
  If the `dedicatedAllocationImageAliasing` feature is enabled, and the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` provided when `memory` was allocated included a VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo structure in its `pNext` chain, and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, then `memoryOffset` must be zero, and `image` must be either equal to VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` or an image that was created using the same parameters in VkImageCreateInfo, with the exception that `extent` and `arrayLayers` may differ subject to the following restrictions: every dimension in the `extent` parameter of the image being bound must be equal to or smaller than the original image for which the allocation was created; and the `arrayLayers` parameter of the image being bound must be equal to or smaller than the original image for which the allocation was created

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-None-01901
  If image was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit set, the image must be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-None-01902
  If image was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit not set, the image must not be bound to a memory object created with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-01050
  If `image` was created with VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV::`dedicatedAllocation` equal to `VK_TRUE`, `memory` must have been created with VkDedicatedAllocationMemoryAllocateInfoNV::`image` equal to an image handle created with identical creation parameters to `image` and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-apiVersion-07921
  If the VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension is not enabled, VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion` is less than Vulkan 1.1, and `image` was not created with VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV::`dedicatedAllocation` equal to `VK_TRUE`, `memory` must not have been allocated dedicated for a specific buffer or image

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-02728
  If the value of VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` used to allocate `memory` is not `0`, it must include at least one of the handles set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-02989
  If `memory` was created by a memory import operation, that is not VkImportAndroidHardwareBufferInfoANDROID with a non-`NULL` `buffer` value, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-02990
  If `memory` was created with the VkImportAndroidHardwareBufferInfoANDROID memory import operation with a non-`NULL` `buffer` value, `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID` must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-descriptorBufferCaptureReplay-08113
  If the `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-09202
  If the `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-01608
  `image` must not have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-01047
  `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements with `image`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memoryOffset-01048
  `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements with `image`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-size-01049
  The difference of the size of `memory` and `memoryOffset` must be greater than or equal to the `size` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements with the same `image`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-06392
  If `image` was created with VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA chained to VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext`, `memory` must be allocated with a VkImportMemoryBufferCollectionFUCHSIA chained to VkMemoryAllocateInfo::`pNext`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-parent
  `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-parent
  `memory` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `image` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

To attach memory to image objects for one or more images at a time, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VkResult vkBindImageMemory2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    bindInfoCount,
        const VkBindImageMemoryInfo*                pBindInfos);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_KHR_bind_memory2
    VkResult vkBindImageMemory2KHR(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    bindInfoCount,
        const VkBindImageMemoryInfo*                pBindInfos);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the images and memory.

- `bindInfoCount` is the number of elements in `pBindInfos`.

- `pBindInfos` is a pointer to an array of VkBindImageMemoryInfo structures, describing images and memory to bind.

On some implementations, it may be more efficient to batch memory bindings into a single command.

If the `maintenance6` feature is enabled, this command must attempt to perform all of the memory binding operations described by `pBindInfos`, and must not early exit on the first failure.

If any of the memory binding operations described by `pBindInfos` fail, the VkResult returned by this command must be the return value of any one of the memory binding operations which did not return `VK_SUCCESS`.

Note | If the `vkBindImageMemory2` command failed, VkBindMemoryStatus structures were not included in the `pNext` chains of each element of `pBindInfos`, and `bindInfoCount` was greater than one, then the images referenced by `pBindInfos` will be in an indeterminate state, and must not be used. Applications should destroy these images.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory2-pBindInfos-02858
  If any VkBindImageMemoryInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` then all planes of VkBindImageMemoryInfo::`image` must be bound individually in separate `pBindInfos`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory2-pBindInfos-04006
  `pBindInfos` must not refer to the same image subresource more than once

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory2-pBindInfos-parameter
  `pBindInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindInfoCount` valid VkBindImageMemoryInfo structures

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory2-bindInfoCount-arraylength
  `bindInfoCount` must be greater than `0`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

`VkBindImageMemoryInfo` contains members corresponding to the parameters of vkBindImageMemory.

The `VkBindImageMemoryInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBindImageMemoryInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkImage            image;
        VkDeviceMemory     memory;
        VkDeviceSize       memoryOffset;
    } VkBindImageMemoryInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_bind_memory2
    typedef VkBindImageMemoryInfo VkBindImageMemoryInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `image` is the image to be attached to memory.

- `memory` is a VkDeviceMemory object describing the device memory to attach.

- `memoryOffset` is the start offset of the region of `memory` which is to be bound to the image. The number of bytes returned in the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` member in `memory`, starting from `memoryOffset` bytes, will be bound to the specified image.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-07460
  `image` must not have been bound to a memory object

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-01045
  `image` must not have been created with any sparse memory binding flags

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memoryOffset-01046
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-01445
  If `image` requires a dedicated allocation (as reported by vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 in VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements::`requiresDedicatedAllocation` for `image`), `memory` must have been created with VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` equal to `image`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memory-02628
  If the `dedicatedAllocationImageAliasing` feature is not enabled, and the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` provided when `memory` was allocated included a VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo structure in its `pNext` chain, and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, then `image` must equal VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memory-02629
  If the `dedicatedAllocationImageAliasing` feature is enabled, and the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` provided when `memory` was allocated included a VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo structure in its `pNext` chain, and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, then `memoryOffset` must be zero, and `image` must be either equal to VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` or an image that was created using the same parameters in VkImageCreateInfo, with the exception that `extent` and `arrayLayers` may differ subject to the following restrictions: every dimension in the `extent` parameter of the image being bound must be equal to or smaller than the original image for which the allocation was created; and the `arrayLayers` parameter of the image being bound must be equal to or smaller than the original image for which the allocation was created

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-None-01901
  If image was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit set, the image must be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-None-01902
  If image was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit not set, the image must not be bound to a memory object created with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-01050
  If `image` was created with VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV::`dedicatedAllocation` equal to `VK_TRUE`, `memory` must have been created with VkDedicatedAllocationMemoryAllocateInfoNV::`image` equal to an image handle created with identical creation parameters to `image` and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-apiVersion-07921
  If the VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation extension is not enabled, VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion` is less than Vulkan 1.1, and `image` was not created with VkDedicatedAllocationImageCreateInfoNV::`dedicatedAllocation` equal to `VK_TRUE`, `memory` must not have been allocated dedicated for a specific buffer or image

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memory-02728
  If the value of VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` used to allocate `memory` is not `0`, it must include at least one of the handles set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memory-02989
  If `memory` was created by a memory import operation, that is not VkImportAndroidHardwareBufferInfoANDROID with a non-`NULL` `buffer` value, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memory-02990
  If `memory` was created with the VkImportAndroidHardwareBufferInfoANDROID memory import operation with a non-`NULL` `buffer` value, `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_BIT_ANDROID` must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-descriptorBufferCaptureReplay-08113
  If the `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-09202
  If the `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR_BUFFER_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT_EXT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01615
  If the `pNext` chain does not include a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with `image`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01616
  If the `pNext` chain does not include a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with `image`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01617
  If the `pNext` chain does not include a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, the difference of the size of `memory` and `memoryOffset` must be greater than or equal to the `size` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with the same `image`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01618
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, `image` must have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-07736
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` bit set, then the `pNext` chain must include a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01619
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with `image` and where VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo::`planeAspect` corresponds to the VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo::`planeAspect` in the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure’s `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01620
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with `image` and where VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo::`planeAspect` corresponds to the VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo::`planeAspect` in the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure’s `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01621
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, the difference of the size of `memory` and `memoryOffset` must be greater than or equal to the `size` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with the same `image` and where VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo::`planeAspect` corresponds to the VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo::`planeAspect` in the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure’s `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01626
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure, all instances of `memory` specified by VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pDeviceIndices` must have been allocated

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01627
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure, and VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`splitInstanceBindRegionCount` is not zero, then `image` must have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01628
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure, all elements of VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must be valid rectangles contained within the dimensions of `image`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01629
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure, the union of the areas of all elements of VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pSplitInstanceBindRegions` that correspond to the same instance of `image` must cover the entire image

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-01630
  If `image` was created with a valid swapchain handle in VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR::`swapchain`, then the `pNext` chain must include a VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR structure containing the same swapchain handle

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01631
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR structure, `memory` must be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01632
  If the `pNext` chain does not include a VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR structure, `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo, VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR, VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo, or VkBindMemoryStatus

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-commonparent
  Both of `image`, and `memory` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           deviceIndexCount;
        const uint32_t*    pDeviceIndices;
        uint32_t           splitInstanceBindRegionCount;
        const VkRect2D*    pSplitInstanceBindRegions;
    } VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_bind_memory2 with VK_KHR_device_group
    typedef VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `deviceIndexCount` is the number of elements in `pDeviceIndices`.

- `pDeviceIndices` is a pointer to an array of device indices.

- `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` is the number of elements in `pSplitInstanceBindRegions`.

- `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkRect2D structures describing which regions of the image are attached to each instance of memory.

If the `pNext` chain of VkBindImageMemoryInfo includes a `VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo` structure, then that structure determines how memory is bound to images across multiple devices in a device group.

If `deviceIndexCount` is greater than zero, then on device index i `image` is attached to the instance of the memory on the physical device with device index `pDeviceIndices`[i].

Let N be the number of physical devices in the logical device. If `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` is greater than zero, then `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` is a pointer to an array of N2 rectangles, where the image region specified by the rectangle at element i*N+j in resource instance i is bound to the memory instance j. The blocks of the memory that are bound to each sparse image block region use an offset in memory, relative to `memoryOffset`, computed as if the whole image was being bound to a contiguous range of memory. In other words, horizontally adjacent image blocks use consecutive blocks of memory, vertically adjacent image blocks are separated by the number of bytes per block multiplied by the width in blocks of `image`, and the block at (0,0) corresponds to memory starting at `memoryOffset`.

If `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` and `deviceIndexCount` are zero and the memory comes from a memory heap with the `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` bit set, then it is as if `pDeviceIndices` contains consecutive indices from zero to the number of physical devices in the logical device, minus one. In other words, by default each physical device attaches to its own instance of the memory.

If `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` and `deviceIndexCount` are zero and the memory comes from a memory heap without the `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` bit set, then it is as if `pDeviceIndices` contains an array of zeros. In other words, by default each physical device attaches to instance zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-deviceIndexCount-01633
  At least one of `deviceIndexCount` and `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` must be zero

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-deviceIndexCount-01634
  `deviceIndexCount` must either be zero or equal to the number of physical devices in the logical device

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pDeviceIndices-01635
  All elements of `pDeviceIndices` must be valid device indices

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-splitInstanceBindRegionCount-01636
  `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` must either be zero or equal to the number of physical devices in the logical device squared

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pSplitInstanceBindRegions-01637
  Elements of `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` that correspond to the same instance of an image must not overlap

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-offset-01638
  The `offset.x` member of any element of `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must be a multiple of the sparse image block width (`VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity.width`) of all non-metadata aspects of the image

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-offset-01639
  The `offset.y` member of any element of `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must be a multiple of the sparse image block height (`VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity.height`) of all non-metadata aspects of the image

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-extent-01640
  The `extent.width` member of any element of `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must either be a multiple of the sparse image block width of all non-metadata aspects of the image, or else `extent.width` + `offset.x` must equal the width of the image subresource

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-extent-01641
  The `extent.height` member of any element of `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must either be a multiple of the sparse image block height of all non-metadata aspects of the image, or else `extent.height` + `offset.y` must equal the height of the image subresource

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_DEVICE_GROUP_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pDeviceIndices-parameter
  If `deviceIndexCount` is not `0`, `pDeviceIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `deviceIndexCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pSplitInstanceBindRegions-parameter
  If `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` is not `0`, `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` VkRect2D structures

If the `pNext` chain of VkBindImageMemoryInfo includes a `VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR` structure, then that structure includes a swapchain handle and image index indicating that the image will be bound to memory from that swapchain.

The `VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1 with VK_KHR_swapchain, VK_KHR_device_group with VK_KHR_swapchain
    typedef struct VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkSwapchainKHR     swapchain;
        uint32_t           imageIndex;
    } VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `swapchain` is VK_NULL_HANDLE or a swapchain handle.

- `imageIndex` is an image index within `swapchain`.

If `swapchain` is not `NULL`, the `swapchain` and `imageIndex` are used to determine the memory that the image is bound to, instead of `memory` and `memoryOffset`.

Memory can be bound to a swapchain and use the `pDeviceIndices` or `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` members of VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR-imageIndex-01644
  `imageIndex` must be less than the number of images in `swapchain`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR-swapchain-07756
  If the `swapchain` has been created with `VK_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_DEFERRED_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_BIT_EXT`, `imageIndex` must be one that has previously been returned by vkAcquireNextImageKHR or vkAcquireNextImage2KHR

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_SWAPCHAIN_INFO_KHR`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemorySwapchainInfoKHR-swapchain-parameter
  `swapchain` must be a valid VkSwapchainKHR handle

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `swapchain` must be externally synchronized

In order to bind planes of a disjoint image, add a `VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo` structure to the `pNext` chain of VkBindImageMemoryInfo.

The `VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkImageAspectFlagBits    planeAspect;
    } VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion
    typedef VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfoKHR;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `planeAspect` is a `VkImageAspectFlagBits` value specifying the aspect of the disjoint image plane to bind.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo-planeAspect-02283
  If the image’s `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then `planeAspect` must be a single valid multi-planar aspect mask bit

- VUID-VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo-planeAspect-02284
  If the image’s `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then `planeAspect` must be a single valid memory plane for the image (that is, `aspectMask` must specify a plane index that is less than the VkDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifierPlaneCount` associated with the image’s `format` and VkImageDrmFormatModifierPropertiesEXT::`drmFormatModifier`)

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_PLANE_MEMORY_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo-planeAspect-parameter
  `planeAspect` must be a valid VkImageAspectFlagBits value

Buffer-Image Granularity

The implementation-dependent limit `bufferImageGranularity` specifies a page-like granularity at which linear and non-linear resources must be placed in adjacent memory locations to avoid aliasing. Two resources which do not satisfy this granularity requirement are said to alias. `bufferImageGranularity` is specified in bytes, and must be a power of two. Implementations which do not impose a granularity restriction may report a `bufferImageGranularity` value of one.

Note | Despite its name, `bufferImageGranularity` is really a granularity between “linear” and “non-linear” resources.

Given resourceA at the lower memory offset and resourceB at the higher memory offset in the same `VkDeviceMemory` object, where one resource is linear and the other is non-linear (as defined in the Glossary), and the following:

    resourceA.end       = resourceA.memoryOffset + resourceA.size - 1
    resourceA.endPage   = resourceA.end & ~(bufferImageGranularity-1)
    resourceB.start     = resourceB.memoryOffset
    resourceB.startPage = resourceB.start & ~(bufferImageGranularity-1)

The following property must hold:

    resourceA.endPage < resourceB.startPage

That is, the end of the first resource (A) and the beginning of the second resource (B) must be on separate “pages” of size `bufferImageGranularity`. `bufferImageGranularity` may be different than the physical page size of the memory heap. This restriction is only needed when a linear resource and a non-linear resource are adjacent in memory and will be used simultaneously. The memory ranges of adjacent resources can be closer than `bufferImageGranularity`, provided they meet the `alignment` requirement for the objects in question.

Sparse block size in bytes and sparse image and buffer memory alignments must all be multiples of the `bufferImageGranularity`. Therefore, memory bound to sparse resources naturally satisfies the `bufferImageGranularity`.

### 12.9. Resource Sharing Mode

Buffer and image objects are created with a sharing mode controlling how they can be accessed from queues. The supported sharing modes are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSharingMode {
        VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE = 0,
        VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT = 1,
    } VkSharingMode;

- `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` specifies that access to any range or image subresource of the object will be exclusive to a single queue family at a time.

- `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT` specifies that concurrent access to any range or image subresource of the object from multiple queue families is supported.

Note | `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT` may result in lower performance access to the buffer or image than `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE`.

Ranges of buffers and image subresources of image objects created using `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` must only be accessed by queues in the queue family that has ownership of the resource. Upon creation, such resources are not owned by any queue family; ownership is implicitly acquired upon first use within a queue. Once a resource using `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` is owned by some queue family, the application must perform a queue family ownership transfer to make the memory contents of a range or image subresource accessible to a different queue family.

Note | Images still require a layout transition from `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` before being used on the first queue.

A queue family can take ownership of an image subresource or buffer range of a resource created with `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE`, without an ownership transfer, in the same way as for a resource that was just created; however, taking ownership in this way has the effect that the contents of the image subresource or buffer range are undefined.

Ranges of buffers and image subresources of image objects created using `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT` must only be accessed by queues from the queue families specified through the `queueFamilyIndexCount` and `pQueueFamilyIndices` members of the corresponding create info structures.

#### 12.9.1. External Resource Sharing

Resources should only be accessed in the Vulkan instance that has exclusive ownership of their underlying memory. Only one Vulkan instance has exclusive ownership of a resource’s underlying memory at a given time, regardless of whether the resource was created using `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` or `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`. Applications can transfer ownership of a resource’s underlying memory only if the memory has been imported from or exported to another instance or external API using external memory handles. The semantics for transferring ownership outside of the instance are similar to those used for transferring ownership of `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` resources between queues, and is also accomplished using VkBufferMemoryBarrier or VkImageMemoryBarrier operations. To make the contents of the underlying memory accessible in the destination instance or API, applications must

1. Release exclusive ownership from the source instance or API.

2. Ensure the release operation has completed using semaphores or fences.

3. Acquire exclusive ownership in the destination instance or API

Unlike queue family ownership transfers, the destination instance or API is not specified explicitly when releasing ownership, nor is the source instance or API specified when acquiring ownership. Instead, the image or memory barrier’s `dstQueueFamilyIndex` or `srcQueueFamilyIndex` parameters are set to the reserved queue family index `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_EXTERNAL` or `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_FOREIGN_EXT` to represent the external destination or source respectively.

Binding a resource to a memory object shared between multiple Vulkan instances or other APIs does not change the ownership of the underlying memory. The first entity to access the resource implicitly acquires ownership. An entity can also implicitly take ownership from another entity in the same way without an explicit ownership transfer. However, taking ownership in this way has the effect that the contents of the underlying memory are undefined.

Accessing a resource backed by memory that is owned by a particular instance or API has the same semantics as accessing a `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` resource, with one exception: Implementations must ensure layout transitions performed on one member of a set of identical subresources of identical images that alias the same range of an underlying memory object affect the layout of all the subresources in the set.

As a corollary, writes to any image subresources in such a set must not make the contents of memory used by other subresources in the set undefined. An application can define the content of a subresource of one image by performing device writes to an identical subresource of another image provided both images are bound to the same region of external memory. Applications may also add resources to such a set after the content of the existing set members has been defined without making the content undefined by creating a new image with the initial layout `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` and binding it to the same region of external memory as the existing images.

Note | Because layout transitions apply to all identical images aliasing the same region of external memory, the actual layout of the memory backing a new image as well as an existing image with defined content will not be undefined. Such an image is not usable until it acquires ownership of its memory from the existing owner. Therefore, the layout specified as part of this transition will be the true initial layout of the image. The undefined layout specified when creating it is a placeholder to simplify valid usage requirements.

### 12.10. Memory Aliasing

A range of a `VkDeviceMemory` allocation is aliased if it is bound to multiple resources simultaneously, as described below, via vkBindImageMemory, vkBindBufferMemory, vkBindAccelerationStructureMemoryNV, via sparse memory bindings, or by binding the memory to resources in multiple Vulkan instances or external APIs using external memory handle export and import mechanisms.

Consider two resources, resourceA and resourceB, bound respectively to memory rangeA and rangeB. Let paddedRangeA and paddedRangeB be, respectively, rangeA and rangeB aligned to `bufferImageGranularity`. If the resources are both linear or both non-linear (as defined in the Glossary), then the resources alias the memory in the intersection of rangeA and rangeB. If one resource is linear and the other is non-linear, then the resources alias the memory in the intersection of paddedRangeA and paddedRangeB.

Applications can alias memory, but use of multiple aliases is subject to several constraints.

Note | Memory aliasing can be useful to reduce the total device memory footprint of an application, if some large resources are used for disjoint periods of time.

When a non-linear, non-`VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` image is bound to an aliased range, all image subresources of the image overlap the range. When a linear image is bound to an aliased range, the image subresources that (according to the image’s advertised layout) include bytes from the aliased range overlap the range. When a `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` image has sparse image blocks bound to an aliased range, only image subresources including those sparse image blocks overlap the range, and when the memory bound to the image’s mip tail overlaps an aliased range all image subresources in the mip tail overlap the range.

Buffers, and linear image subresources in either the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layouts, are host-accessible subresources. That is, the host has a well-defined addressing scheme to interpret the contents, and thus the layout of the data in memory can be consistently interpreted across aliases if each of those aliases is a host-accessible subresource. Non-linear images, and linear image subresources in other layouts, are not host-accessible.

If two aliases are both host-accessible, then they interpret the contents of the memory in consistent ways, and data written to one alias can be read by the other alias.

If two aliases are both images that were created with identical creation parameters, both were created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT` flag set, and both are bound identically to memory except for VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pDeviceIndices` and VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pSplitInstanceBindRegions`, then they interpret the contents of the memory in consistent ways, and data written to one alias can be read by the other alias.

Additionally, if an individual plane of a multi-planar image and a single-plane image alias the same memory, then they also interpret the contents of the memory in consistent ways under the same conditions, but with the following modifications:

- Both must have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` flag.

- The single-plane image must have a VkFormat that is equivalent to that of the multi-planar image’s individual plane.

- The single-plane image and the individual plane of the multi-planar image must be bound identically to memory except for VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pDeviceIndices` and VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pSplitInstanceBindRegions`.

- The `width` and `height` of the single-plane image are derived from the multi-planar image’s dimensions in the manner listed for plane compatibility for the aliased plane.

- If either image’s `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT`, then both images must be linear.

- All other creation parameters must be identical

Aliases created by binding the same memory to resources in multiple Vulkan instances or external APIs using external memory handle export and import mechanisms interpret the contents of the memory in consistent ways, and data written to one alias can be read by the other alias.

Otherwise, the aliases interpret the contents of the memory differently, and writes via one alias make the contents of memory partially or completely undefined to the other alias. If the first alias is a host-accessible subresource, then the bytes affected are those written by the memory operations according to its addressing scheme. If the first alias is not host-accessible, then the bytes affected are those overlapped by the image subresources that were written. If the second alias is a host-accessible subresource, the affected bytes become undefined. If the second alias is not host-accessible, all sparse image blocks (for sparse partially-resident images) or all image subresources (for non-sparse image and fully resident sparse images) that overlap the affected bytes become undefined.

If any image subresources are made undefined due to writes to an alias, then each of those image subresources must have its layout transitioned from `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` to a valid layout before it is used, or from `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` if the memory has been written by the host. If any sparse blocks of a sparse image have been made undefined, then only the image subresources containing them must be transitioned.

Use of an overlapping range by two aliases must be separated by a memory dependency using the appropriate access types if at least one of those uses performs writes, whether the aliases interpret memory consistently or not. If buffer or image memory barriers are used, the scope of the barrier must contain the entire range and/or set of image subresources that overlap.

If two aliasing image views are used in the same framebuffer, then the render pass must declare the attachments using the `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT`, and follow the other rules listed in that section.

Note | Memory recycled via an application suballocator (i.e. without freeing and reallocating the memory objects) is not substantially different from memory aliasing. However, a suballocator usually waits on a fence before recycling a region of memory, and signaling a fence involves sufficient implicit dependencies to satisfy all the above requirements.

#### 12.10.1. Resource Memory Overlap

Applications can safely access resources concurrently via separate device and host operations as long as the accessed memory locations are guaranteed to not overlap, as defined in Memory Location, and the operation, resource, and access are otherwise independently valid.

Some operations have alignment requirements or access ambiguous memory locations, so the semantics of a particular operation should be considered when determining the overlap. Such requirements will be described alongside the operation. Operations between host and device when using non-coherent memory are aligned to `nonCoherentAtomSize`, as defined by vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges and vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges.

Note | The intent is that buffers (or linear images) can be accessed concurrently, even when they share cache lines, but otherwise do not access the same memory range. The concept of a device cache line size is not exposed in the memory model.

### 12.11. Buffer Collections

Fuchsia’s FIDL-based Sysmem service interoperates with Vulkan via the `VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection` extension.

A buffer collection is a set of one or more buffers which were allocated together as a group and which all have the same properties. These properties describe the buffers' internal representation, such as its dimensions and memory layout. This ensures that all of the buffers can be used interchangeably by tasks that require swapping among multiple buffers, such as double-buffered graphics rendering.

On Fuchsia, the Sysmem service uses buffer collections as a core construct in its design.

Buffer collections are represented by `VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA` handles:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA)

#### 12.11.1. Definitions

- FIDL - Fuchsia Interface Definition Language. The declarative language used to define FIDL interprocess communication interfaces on Fuchsia. FIDL files use the `fidl` extension. FIDL is also used to refer to the services defined by interfaces declared in the FIDL language

- Sysmem - The FIDL service that facilitates optimal buffer sharing and reuse on Fuchsia

- client - Any participant of the buffer collection e.g. the Vulkan application

- token - A `zx_handle_t` Zircon channel object that allows participation in the buffer collection

#### 12.11.2. Platform Initialization for Buffer Collections

To initialize a buffer collection on Fuchsia:

- Connect to the Sysmem service to initialize a Sysmem allocator

- Create an initial buffer collection token using the Sysmem allocator

- Duplicate the token for each participant beyond the initiator

- See the Sysmem Overview and fuchsia.sysmem FIDL documentation on fuchsia.dev for more detailed information

#### 12.11.3. Create the Buffer Collection

To create a VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA for Vulkan to participate in the buffer collection:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    VkResult vkCreateBufferCollectionFUCHSIA(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkBufferCollectionCreateInfoFUCHSIA*  pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA*                  pCollection);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the `VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA`

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferCollectionCreateInfoFUCHSIA structure containing parameters affecting creation of the buffer collection

- `pAllocator` is a pointer to a VkAllocationCallbacks structure controlling host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter

- `pBufferCollection` is a pointer to a VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle in which the resulting buffer collection object is returned

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferCollectionCreateInfoFUCHSIA structure

- VUID-vkCreateBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-pCollection-parameter
  `pCollection` must be a valid pointer to a VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE`

  - `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`

Host Access

All functions referencing a VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA must be externally synchronized with the exception of `vkCreateBufferCollectionFUCHSIA`.

The `VkBufferCollectionCreateInfoFUCHSIA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef struct VkBufferCollectionCreateInfoFUCHSIA {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        zx_handle_t        collectionToken;
    } VkBufferCollectionCreateInfoFUCHSIA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure

- `collectionToken` is a `zx_handle_t` containing the Sysmem client’s buffer collection token

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionCreateInfoFUCHSIA-collectionToken-06393
  `collectionToken` must be a valid `zx_handle_t` to a Zircon channel allocated from Sysmem (`fuchsia.sysmem.Allocator`/AllocateSharedCollection) with `ZX_DEFAULT_CHANNEL_RIGHTS` rights

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionCreateInfoFUCHSIA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_COLLECTION_CREATE_INFO_FUCHSIA`

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionCreateInfoFUCHSIA-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

#### 12.11.4. Set the Constraints

Buffer collections can be established for VkImage allocations or VkBuffer allocations.

##### Set Image-Based Buffer Collection Constraints

Setting the constraints on the buffer collection initiates the format negotiation and allocation of the buffer collection. To set the constraints on a VkImage buffer collection, call:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    VkResult vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA                   collection,
        const VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA*        pImageConstraintsInfo);

- `device` is the logical device

- `collection` is the VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- `pImageConstraintsInfo` is a pointer to a VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA structure

`vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA` may fail if `pImageConstraintsInfo->formatConstraintsCount` is larger than the implementation-defined limit. If that occurs, vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA will return `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`.

`vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA` may fail if the implementation does not support any of the formats described by the `pImageConstraintsInfo` structure. If that occurs, vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA will return `VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA-collection-06394
  `vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA` or `vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA` must not have already been called on `collection`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA-collection-parameter
  `collection` must be a valid VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- VUID-vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA-pImageConstraintsInfo-parameter
  `pImageConstraintsInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA structure

- VUID-vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA-collection-parent
  `collection` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED`

The `VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef struct VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA {
        VkStructureType                               sType;
        const void*                                   pNext;
        uint32_t                                      formatConstraintsCount;
        const VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA*    pFormatConstraints;
        VkBufferCollectionConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA      bufferCollectionConstraints;
        VkImageConstraintsInfoFlagsFUCHSIA            flags;
    } VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `formatConstraintsCount` is the number of elements in `pFormatConstraints`.

- `pFormatConstraints` is a pointer to an array of VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA structures of size `formatConstraintsCount` that is used to further constrain buffer collection format selection for image-based buffer collections.

- `bufferCollectionConstraints` is a VkBufferCollectionConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA structure used to supply parameters for the negotiation and allocation for buffer-based buffer collections.

- `flags` is a VkImageConstraintsInfoFlagBitsFUCHSIA value specifying hints about the type of memory Sysmem should allocate for the buffer collection.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pFormatConstraints-06395
  All elements of `pFormatConstraints` must have at least one bit set in its VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA::`requiredFormatFeatures`

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pFormatConstraints-06396
  If `pFormatConstraints->imageCreateInfo->usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, then `pFormatConstraints->requiredFormatFeatures` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pFormatConstraints-06397
  If `pFormatConstraints->imageCreateInfo->usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`, then `pFormatConstraints->requiredFormatFeatures` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pFormatConstraints-06398
  If `pFormatConstraints->imageCreateInfo->usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, then `pFormatConstraints->requiredFormatFeatures` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pFormatConstraints-06399
  If `pFormatConstraints->imageCreateInfo->usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, then `pFormatConstraints->requiredFormatFeatures` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pFormatConstraints-06400
  If `pFormatConstraints->imageCreateInfo->usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, then `pFormatConstraints->requiredFormatFeatures` must contain at least one of `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-attachmentFragmentShadingRate-06401
  If the `attachmentFragmentShadingRate` feature is enabled, and `pFormatConstraints->imageCreateInfo->usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR`, then `pFormatConstraints->requiredFormatFeatures` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_FUCHSIA`

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pFormatConstraints-parameter
  `pFormatConstraints` must be a valid pointer to an array of `formatConstraintsCount` valid VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA structures

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-bufferCollectionConstraints-parameter
  `bufferCollectionConstraints` must be a valid VkBufferCollectionConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA structure

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkImageConstraintsInfoFlagBitsFUCHSIA values

- VUID-VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-formatConstraintsCount-arraylength
  `formatConstraintsCount` must be greater than `0`

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef VkFlags VkImageConstraintsInfoFlagsFUCHSIA;

`VkImageConstraintsInfoFlagsFUCHSIA` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageConstraintsInfoFlagBitsFUCHSIA bits.

Bits which can be set in VkImageConstraintsInfoFlagBitsFUCHSIA::`flags` include:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef enum VkImageConstraintsInfoFlagBitsFUCHSIA {
        VK_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_CPU_READ_RARELY_FUCHSIA = 0x00000001,
        VK_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_CPU_READ_OFTEN_FUCHSIA = 0x00000002,
        VK_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_CPU_WRITE_RARELY_FUCHSIA = 0x00000004,
        VK_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN_FUCHSIA = 0x00000008,
        VK_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_PROTECTED_OPTIONAL_FUCHSIA = 0x00000010,
    } VkImageConstraintsInfoFlagBitsFUCHSIA;

General hints about the type of memory that should be allocated by Sysmem based on the expected usage of the images in the buffer collection include:

- `VK_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_CPU_READ_RARELY_FUCHSIA`

- `VK_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_CPU_READ_OFTEN_FUCHSIA`

- `VK_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_CPU_WRITE_RARELY_FUCHSIA`

- `VK_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN_FUCHSIA`

For protected memory:

- `VK_IMAGE_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_PROTECTED_OPTIONAL_FUCHSIA` specifies that protected memory is optional for the buffer collection.

Note that if all participants in the buffer collection (Vulkan or otherwise) specify that protected memory is optional, Sysmem will not allocate protected memory.

The `VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef struct VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA {
        VkStructureType                         sType;
        const void*                             pNext;
        VkImageCreateInfo                       imageCreateInfo;
        VkFormatFeatureFlags                    requiredFormatFeatures;
        VkImageFormatConstraintsFlagsFUCHSIA    flags;
        uint64_t                                sysmemPixelFormat;
        uint32_t                                colorSpaceCount;
        const VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA*        pColorSpaces;
    } VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure

- `imageCreateInfo` is the VkImageCreateInfo used to create a VkImage that is to use memory from the VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA

- `requiredFormatFeatures` is a bitmask of `VkFormatFeatureFlagBits` specifying required features of the buffers in the buffer collection

- `flags` is reserved for future use

- `sysmemPixelFormat` is a `PixelFormatType` value from the `fuchsia.sysmem/image_formats.fidl` FIDL interface

- `colorSpaceCount` the element count of `pColorSpaces`

- `pColorSpaces` is a pointer to an array of VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA structs of size `colorSpaceCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_FUCHSIA`

- VUID-VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-imageCreateInfo-parameter
  `imageCreateInfo` must be a valid VkImageCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-requiredFormatFeatures-parameter
  `requiredFormatFeatures` must be a valid combination of VkFormatFeatureFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-requiredFormatFeatures-requiredbitmask
  `requiredFormatFeatures` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pColorSpaces-parameter
  `pColorSpaces` must be a valid pointer to an array of `colorSpaceCount` valid VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA structures

- VUID-VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-colorSpaceCount-arraylength
  `colorSpaceCount` must be greater than `0`

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef VkFlags VkImageFormatConstraintsFlagsFUCHSIA;

`VkImageFormatConstraintsFlagsFUCHSIA` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The `VkBufferCollectionConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef struct VkBufferCollectionConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           minBufferCount;
        uint32_t           maxBufferCount;
        uint32_t           minBufferCountForCamping;
        uint32_t           minBufferCountForDedicatedSlack;
        uint32_t           minBufferCountForSharedSlack;
    } VkBufferCollectionConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure

- `minBufferCount` is the minimum number of buffers available in the collection

- `maxBufferCount` is the maximum number of buffers allowed in the collection

- `minBufferCountForCamping` is the per-participant minimum buffers for camping

- `minBufferCountForDedicatedSlack` is the per-participant minimum buffers for dedicated slack

- `minBufferCountForSharedSlack` is the per-participant minimum buffers for shared slack

Sysmem uses all buffer count parameters in combination to determine the number of buffers it will allocate. Sysmem defines buffer count constraints in `fuchsia.sysmem/constraints.fidl`.

Camping as referred to by `minBufferCountForCamping`, is the number of buffers that should be available for the participant that are not for transient use. This number of buffers is required for the participant to logically operate.

Slack as referred to by `minBufferCountForDedicatedSlack` and `minBufferCountForSharedSlack`, refers to the number of buffers desired by participants for optimal performance. `minBufferCountForDedicatedSlack` refers to the current participant. `minBufferCountForSharedSlack` refers to buffer slack for all participants in the collection.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_COLLECTION_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_FUCHSIA`

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

The `VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef struct VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           colorSpace;
    } VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure

- `colorSpace` value of the Sysmem `ColorSpaceType`

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA-colorSpace-06402
  `colorSpace` must be a `ColorSpaceType` as defined in `fuchsia.sysmem/image_formats.fidl`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SYSMEM_COLOR_SPACE_FUCHSIA`

- VUID-VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

##### Set Buffer-Based Buffer Collection Constraints

To set the constraints on a VkBuffer buffer collection, call:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    VkResult vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA                   collection,
        const VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA*       pBufferConstraintsInfo);

- `device` is the logical device

- `collection` is the VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- `pBufferConstraintsInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA structure

`vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA` may fail if the implementation does not support the constraints specified in the `bufferCollectionConstraints` structure. If that occurs, vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA will return `VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA-collection-06403
  `vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA` or `vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA` must not have already been called on `collection`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA-collection-parameter
  `collection` must be a valid VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- VUID-vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA-pBufferConstraintsInfo-parameter
  `pBufferConstraintsInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA structure

- VUID-vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA-collection-parent
  `collection` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED`

The `VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef struct VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA {
        VkStructureType                             sType;
        const void*                                 pNext;
        VkBufferCreateInfo                          createInfo;
        VkFormatFeatureFlags                        requiredFormatFeatures;
        VkBufferCollectionConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA    bufferCollectionConstraints;
    } VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure

- `pBufferCreateInfo` a pointer to a VkBufferCreateInfo struct describing the buffer attributes for the buffer collection

- `requiredFormatFeatures` bitmask of `VkFormatFeatureFlagBits` required features of the buffers in the buffer collection

- `bufferCollectionConstraints` is used to supply parameters for the negotiation and allocation of the buffer collection

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-requiredFormatFeatures-06404
  The `requiredFormatFeatures` bitmask of `VkFormatFeatureFlagBits` must be chosen from among the buffer compatible format features listed in buffer compatible format features

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CONSTRAINTS_INFO_FUCHSIA`

- VUID-VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-createInfo-parameter
  `createInfo` must be a valid VkBufferCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-requiredFormatFeatures-parameter
  `requiredFormatFeatures` must be a valid combination of VkFormatFeatureFlagBits values

- VUID-VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA-bufferCollectionConstraints-parameter
  `bufferCollectionConstraints` must be a valid VkBufferCollectionConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA structure

#### 12.11.5. Retrieve Buffer Collection Properties

After constraints have been set on the buffer collection by calling vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA or vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA, call `vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA` to retrieve the negotiated and finalized properties of the buffer collection.

The call to `vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA` is synchronous. It waits for the Sysmem format negotiation and buffer collection allocation to complete before returning.

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    VkResult vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA                   collection,
        VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA*        pProperties);

- `device` is the logical device handle

- `collection` is the VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- `pProperties` is a pointer to the retrieved VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA struct

For image-based buffer collections, upon calling `vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA`, Sysmem will choose an element of the VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA::`pImageCreateInfos` established by the preceding call to vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA. The index of the element chosen is stored in and can be retrieved from VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA::`createInfoIndex`.

For buffer-based buffer collections, a single VkBufferCreateInfo is specified as VkBufferConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA::`createInfo`. VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA::`createInfoIndex` will therefore always be zero.

`vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA` may fail if Sysmem is unable to resolve the constraints of all of the participants in the buffer collection. If that occurs, `vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA` will return `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA-None-06405
  Prior to calling vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA, the constraints on the buffer collection must have been set by either vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA or vkSetBufferCollectionBufferConstraintsFUCHSIA

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA-collection-parameter
  `collection` must be a valid VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- VUID-vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA-pProperties-parameter
  `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA structure

- VUID-vkGetBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA-collection-parent
  `collection` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`

The `VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef struct VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        void*                            pNext;
        uint32_t                         memoryTypeBits;
        uint32_t                         bufferCount;
        uint32_t                         createInfoIndex;
        uint64_t                         sysmemPixelFormat;
        VkFormatFeatureFlags             formatFeatures;
        VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA        sysmemColorSpaceIndex;
        VkComponentMapping               samplerYcbcrConversionComponents;
        VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion    suggestedYcbcrModel;
        VkSamplerYcbcrRange              suggestedYcbcrRange;
        VkChromaLocation                 suggestedXChromaOffset;
        VkChromaLocation                 suggestedYChromaOffset;
    } VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure

- `memoryTypeBits` is a bitmask containing one bit set for every memory type which the buffer collection can be imported as buffer collection

- `bufferCount` is the number of buffers in the collection

- `createInfoIndex` as described in Sysmem chosen create infos

- `sysmemPixelFormat` is the Sysmem `PixelFormatType` as defined in `fuchsia.sysmem/image_formats.fidl`

- `formatFeatures` is a bitmask of VkFormatFeatureFlagBits shared by the buffer collection

- `sysmemColorSpaceIndex` is a VkSysmemColorSpaceFUCHSIA struct specifying the color space

- `samplerYcbcrConversionComponents` is a VkComponentMapping struct specifying the component mapping

- `suggestedYcbcrModel` is a VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion value specifying the suggested Y′CBCR model

- `suggestedYcbcrRange` is a VkSamplerYcbcrRange value specifying the suggested Y′CBCR range

- `suggestedXChromaOffset` is a VkChromaLocation value specifying the suggested X chroma offset

- `suggestedYChromaOffset` is a VkChromaLocation value specifying the suggested Y chroma offset

`sysmemColorSpace` is only set for image-based buffer collections where the constraints were specified using VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA in a call to vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA.

For image-based buffer collections, `createInfoIndex` will identify both the VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA::`pImageCreateInfos` element and the VkImageConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA::`pFormatConstraints` element chosen by Sysmem when vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA was called. The value of `sysmemColorSpaceIndex` will be an index to one of the color spaces provided in the VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA::`pColorSpaces` array.

The implementation must have `formatFeatures` with all bits set that were set in VkImageFormatConstraintsInfoFUCHSIA::`requiredFormatFeatures`, by the call to vkSetBufferCollectionImageConstraintsFUCHSIA, at `createInfoIndex` (other bits could be set as well).

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_COLLECTION_PROPERTIES_FUCHSIA`

- VUID-VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

#### 12.11.6. Memory Allocation

To import memory from a buffer collection into a VkImage or a VkBuffer, chain a VkImportMemoryBufferCollectionFUCHSIA structure to the `pNext` member of the VkMemoryAllocateInfo in the call to vkAllocateMemory.

The `VkImportMemoryBufferCollectionFUCHSIA` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    typedef struct VkImportMemoryBufferCollectionFUCHSIA {
        VkStructureType              sType;
        const void*                  pNext;
        VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA    collection;
        uint32_t                     index;
    } VkImportMemoryBufferCollectionFUCHSIA;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure

- `collection` is the VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- `index` the index of the buffer to import from `collection`

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImportMemoryBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-index-06406
  `index` must be less than the value retrieved as VkBufferCollectionPropertiesFUCHSIA:bufferCount

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImportMemoryBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMPORT_MEMORY_BUFFER_COLLECTION_FUCHSIA`

- VUID-VkImportMemoryBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-collection-parameter
  `collection` must be a valid VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

To release a VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA:

    // Provided by VK_FUCHSIA_buffer_collection
    void vkDestroyBufferCollectionFUCHSIA(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA                   collection,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the `VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA`

- `collection` is the VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- `pAllocator` is a pointer to a VkAllocationCallbacks structure controlling host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-collection-06407
  VkImage and VkBuffer objects that referenced `collection` upon creation by inclusion of a VkBufferCollectionImageCreateInfoFUCHSIA or VkBufferCollectionBufferCreateInfoFUCHSIA chained to their VkImageCreateInfo or VkBufferCreateInfo structures respectively, may outlive `collection`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-collection-parameter
  `collection` must be a valid VkBufferCollectionFUCHSIA handle

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferCollectionFUCHSIA-collection-parent
  `collection` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`