# Vulkan® 1.3.209 - A Specification

The Khronos® Vulkan Working Group
version 1.3.209, 2022-04-01 16:05:32Z
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## 1. Preamble

Copyright 2014-2022 The Khronos Group Inc.

This Specification is protected by copyright laws and contains material proprietary to Khronos. Except as described by these terms, it or any components may not be reproduced, republished, distributed, transmitted, displayed, broadcast or otherwise exploited in any manner without the express prior written permission of Khronos. Khronos grants a conditional copyright license to use and reproduce the unmodified Specification for any purpose, without fee or royalty, EXCEPT no licenses to any patent, trademark or other intellectual property rights are granted under these terms.

Khronos makes no, and expressly disclaims any, representations or warranties, express or implied, regarding this Specification, including, without limitation: merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement of any intellectual property, correctness, accuracy, completeness, timeliness, and reliability. Under no circumstances will Khronos, or any of its Promoters, Contributors or Members, or their respective partners, officers, directors, employees, agents or representatives be liable for any damages, whether direct, indirect, special or consequential damages for lost revenues, lost profits, or otherwise, arising from or in connection with these materials.

This Specification has been created under the Khronos Intellectual Property Rights Policy, which is Attachment A of the Khronos Group Membership Agreement available at https://www.khronos.org/files/member_agreement.pdf, and which defines the terms 'Scope', 'Compliant Portion', and 'Necessary Patent Claims'. Parties desiring to implement the Specification and make use of Khronos trademarks in relation to that implementation, and receive reciprocal patent license protection under the Khronos Intellectual Property Rights Policy must become Adopters and confirm the implementation as conformant under the process defined by Khronos for this Specification; see https://www.khronos.org/adopters.

This Specification contains substantially unmodified functionality from, and is a successor to, Khronos specifications including OpenGL, OpenGL ES and OpenCL.

Some parts of this Specification are purely informative and so are EXCLUDED from the Scope of this Specification. The Document Conventions section of the Introduction defines how these parts of the Specification are identified.

Where this Specification uses technical terminology, defined in the Glossary or otherwise, that refer to enabling technologies that are not expressly set forth in this Specification, those enabling technologies are EXCLUDED from the Scope of this Specification. For clarity, enabling technologies not disclosed with particularity in this Specification (e.g. semiconductor manufacturing technology, hardware architecture, processor architecture or microarchitecture, memory architecture, compiler technology, object oriented technology, basic operating system technology, compression technology, algorithms, and so on) are NOT to be considered expressly set forth; only those application program interfaces and data structures disclosed with particularity are included in the Scope of this Specification.

For purposes of the Khronos Intellectual Property Rights Policy as it relates to the definition of Necessary Patent Claims, all recommended or optional features, behaviors and functionality set forth in this Specification, if implemented, are considered to be included as Compliant Portions.

Where this Specification includes normative references to external documents, only the specifically identified sections of those external documents are INCLUDED in the Scope of this Specification. If not created by Khronos, those external documents may contain contributions from non-members of Khronos not covered by the Khronos Intellectual Property Rights Policy.

This document contains extensions which are not ratified by Khronos, and as such is not a ratified Specification, though it contains text from (and is a superset of) the ratified Vulkan Specification. The ratified versions of the Vulkan Specification can be found at https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2/html/vkspec.html (core only) and https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-khr-extensions/html/vkspec.html (core with KHR extensions).

Vulkan and Khronos are registered trademarks of The Khronos Group Inc. ASTC is a trademark of ARM Holdings PLC; OpenCL is a trademark of Apple Inc.; and OpenGL and OpenGL ES are registered trademarks of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, all used under license by Khronos. All other product names, trademarks, and/or company names are used solely for identification and belong to their respective owners.

## 2. Introduction

This document, referred to as the “Vulkan Specification” or just the “Specification” hereafter, describes the Vulkan Application Programming Interface (API). Vulkan is a C99 API designed for explicit control of low-level graphics and compute functionality.

The canonical version of the Specification is available in the official Vulkan Registry (https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/). The source files used to generate the Vulkan specification are stored in the Vulkan Documentation Repository (https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Docs). The source repository additionally has a public issue tracker and allows the submission of pull requests that improve the specification.

### 2.1. Document Conventions

The Vulkan specification is intended for use by both implementors of the API and application developers seeking to make use of the API, forming a contract between these parties. Specification text may address either party; typically the intended audience can be inferred from context, though some sections are defined to address only one of these parties. (For example, Valid Usage sections only address application developers). Any requirements, prohibitions, recommendations or options defined by normative terminology are imposed only on the audience of that text.

| Note Structure and enumerated types defined in extensions that were promoted to core in a later version of Vulkan are now defined in terms of the equivalent Vulkan core interfaces. This affects the Vulkan Specification, the Vulkan header files, and the corresponding XML Registry.

#### 2.1.1. Informative Language

Some language in the specification is purely informative, intended to give background or suggestions to implementors or developers.

If an entire chapter or section contains only informative language, its title will be suffixed with “(Informative)”.

All NOTEs are implicitly informative.

#### 2.1.2. Normative Terminology

Within this specification, the key words must, required, should, recommended, may, and optional are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 - Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels (https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt). The additional key word optionally is an alternate form of optional, for use where grammatically appropriate.

These key words are highlighted in the specification for clarity. In text addressing application developers, their use expresses requirements that apply to application behavior. In text addressing implementors, their use expresses requirements that apply to implementations.

In text addressing application developers, the additional key words can and cannot are to be interpreted as describing the capabilities of an application, as follows:

can

  This word means that the application is able to perform the action described.

cannot

  This word means that the API and/or the execution environment provide no mechanism through which the application can express or accomplish the action described.

These key words are never used in text addressing implementors.

| Note There is an important distinction between cannot and must not, as used in this Specification. Cannot means something the application literally is unable to express or accomplish through the API, while must not means something that the application is capable of expressing through the API, but that the consequences of doing so are undefined and potentially unrecoverable for the implementation (see Valid Usage).

Unless otherwise noted in the section heading, all sections and appendices in this document are normative.

#### 2.1.3. Technical Terminology

The Vulkan Specification makes use of common engineering and graphics terms such as Pipeline, Shader, and Host to identify and describe Vulkan API constructs and their attributes, states, and behaviors. The Glossary defines the basic meanings of these terms in the context of the Specification. The Specification text provides fuller definitions of the terms and may elaborate, extend, or clarify the Glossary definitions. When a term defined in the Glossary is used in normative language within the Specification, the definitions within the Specification govern and supersede any meanings the terms may have in other technical contexts (i.e. outside the Specification).

#### 2.1.4. Normative References

References to external documents are considered normative references if the Specification uses any of the normative terms defined in Normative Terminology to refer to them or their requirements, either as a whole or in part.

The following documents are referenced by normative sections of the specification:

IEEE. August, 2008. IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic. IEEE Std 754-2008. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4610935 .

Andrew Garrard. Khronos Data Format Specification, version 1.3. https://www.khronos.org/registry/DataFormat/specs/1.3/dataformat.1.3.html .

John Kessenich. SPIR-V Extended Instructions for GLSL, Version 1.00 (February 10, 2016). https://www.khronos.org/registry/spir-v/ .

John Kessenich, Boaz Ouriel, and Raun Krisch. SPIR-V Specification, Version 1.5, Revision 3, Unified (April 24, 2020). https://www.khronos.org/registry/spir-v/ .

Jon Leech. The Khronos Vulkan API Registry. https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2/registry.html .

Jon Leech and Tobias Hector. Vulkan Documentation and Extensions: Procedures and Conventions. https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2/styleguide.html .

Architecture of the Vulkan Loader Interfaces (October, 2021). https://github.com/KhronosGroup/Vulkan-Loader/blob/master/docs/LoaderInterfaceArchitecture.md .

## 3. Fundamentals

This chapter introduces fundamental concepts including the Vulkan architecture and execution model, API syntax, queues, pipeline configurations, numeric representation, state and state queries, and the different types of objects and shaders. It provides a framework for interpreting more specific descriptions of commands and behavior in the remainder of the Specification.

### 3.1. Host and Device Environment

The Vulkan Specification assumes and requires: the following properties of the host environment with respect to Vulkan implementations:

- The host must have runtime support for 8, 16, 32 and 64-bit signed and unsigned twos-complement integers, all addressable at the granularity of their size in bytes.

- The host must have runtime support for 32- and 64-bit floating-point types satisfying the range and precision constraints in the Floating Point Computation section.

- The representation and endianness of these types on the host must match the representation and endianness of the same types on every physical device supported.

| Note Since a variety of data types and structures in Vulkan may be accessible by both host and physical device operations, the implementation should be able to access such data efficiently in both paths in order to facilitate writing portable and performant applications.

### 3.2. Execution Model

This section outlines the execution model of a Vulkan system.

Vulkan exposes one or more devices, each of which exposes one or more queues which may process work asynchronously to one another. The set of queues supported by a device is partitioned into families. Each family supports one or more types of functionality and may contain multiple queues with similar characteristics. Queues within a single family are considered compatible with one another, and work produced for a family of queues can be executed on any queue within that family. This specification defines the following types of functionality that queues may support: graphics, compute, transfer and sparse memory management.

| Note A single device may report multiple similar queue families rather than, or as well as, reporting multiple members of one or more of those families. This indicates that while members of those families have similar capabilities, they are not directly compatible with one another.

Device memory is explicitly managed by the application. Each device may advertise one or more heaps, representing different areas of memory. Memory heaps are either device-local or host-local, but are always visible to the device. Further detail about memory heaps is exposed via memory types available on that heap. Examples of memory areas that may be available on an implementation include:

- device-local is memory that is physically connected to the device.

- device-local, host visible is device-local memory that is visible to the host.

- host-local, host visible is memory that is local to the host and visible to the device and host.

On other architectures, there may only be a single heap that can be used for any purpose.

#### 3.2.1. Queue Operation

Vulkan queues provide an interface to the execution engines of a device. Commands for these execution engines are recorded into command buffers ahead of execution time, and then submitted to a queue for execution. Once submitted to a queue, command buffers will begin and complete execution without further application intervention, though the order of this execution is dependent on a number of implicit and explicit ordering constraints.

Work is submitted to queues using queue submission commands that typically take the form `vkQueue*` (e.g. vkQueueSubmit, vkQueueBindSparse), and can take a list of semaphores upon which to wait before work begins and a list of semaphores to signal once work has completed. The work itself, as well as signaling and waiting on the semaphores are all queue operations. Queue submission commands return control to the application once queue operations have been submitted - they do not wait for completion.

There are no implicit ordering constraints between queue operations on different queues, or between queues and the host, so these may operate in any order with respect to each other. Explicit ordering constraints between different queues or with the host can be expressed with semaphores and fences.

Command buffer submissions to a single queue respect submission order and other implicit ordering guarantees, but otherwise may overlap or execute out of order. Other types of batches and queue submissions against a single queue (e.g. sparse memory binding) have no implicit ordering constraints with any other queue submission or batch. Additional explicit ordering constraints between queue submissions and individual batches can be expressed with semaphores and fences.

Before a fence or semaphore is signaled, it is guaranteed that any previously submitted queue operations have completed execution, and that memory writes from those queue operations are available to future queue operations. Waiting on a signaled semaphore or fence guarantees that previous writes that are available are also visible to subsequent commands.

Command buffer boundaries, both between primary command buffers of the same or different batches or submissions as well as between primary and secondary command buffers, do not introduce any additional ordering constraints. In other words, submitting the set of command buffers (which can include executing secondary command buffers) between any semaphore or fence operations execute the recorded commands as if they had all been recorded into a single primary command buffer, except that the current state is reset on each boundary. Explicit ordering constraints can be expressed with explicit synchronization primitives.

There are a few implicit ordering guarantees between commands within a command buffer, but only covering a subset of execution. Additional explicit ordering constraints can be expressed with the various explicit synchronization primitives.

| Note Implementations have significant freedom to overlap execution of work submitted to a queue, and this is common due to deep pipelining and parallelism in Vulkan devices.

Commands recorded in command buffers either perform actions (draw, dispatch, clear, copy, query/timestamp operations, begin/end subpass operations), set state (bind pipelines, descriptor sets, and buffers, set dynamic state, push constants, set render pass/subpass state), or perform synchronization (set/wait events, pipeline barrier, render pass/subpass dependencies). Some commands perform more than one of these tasks. State setting commands update the current state of the command buffer. Some commands that perform actions (e.g. draw/dispatch) do so based on the current state set cumulatively since the start of the command buffer. The work involved in performing action commands is often allowed to overlap or to be reordered, but doing so must not alter the state to be used by each action command. In general, action commands are those commands that alter framebuffer attachments, read/write buffer or image memory, or write to query pools.

Synchronization commands introduce explicit execution and memory dependencies between two sets of action commands, where the second set of commands depends on the first set of commands. These dependencies enforce both that the execution of certain pipeline stages in the later set occurs after the execution of certain stages in the source set, and that the effects of memory accesses performed by certain pipeline stages occur in order and are visible to each other. When not enforced by an explicit dependency or implicit ordering guarantees, action commands may overlap execution or execute out of order, and may not see the side effects of each other’s memory accesses.

### 3.3. Object Model

The devices, queues, and other entities in Vulkan are represented by Vulkan objects. At the API level, all objects are referred to by handles. There are two classes of handles, dispatchable and non-dispatchable. Dispatchable handle types are a pointer to an opaque type. This pointer may be used by layers as part of intercepting API commands, and thus each API command takes a dispatchable type as its first parameter. Each object of a dispatchable type must have a unique handle value during its lifetime.

Non-dispatchable handle types are a 64-bit integer type whose meaning is implementation-dependent. If the `privateData` feature is enabled for a VkDevice, each object of a non-dispatchable type created on that device must have a handle value that is unique among objects created on that device, for the duration of the object’s lifetime. Otherwise, non-dispatchable handles may encode object information directly in the handle rather than acting as a reference to an underlying object, and thus may not have unique handle values. If handle values are not unique, then destroying one such handle must not cause identical handles of other types to become invalid, and must not cause identical handles of the same type to become invalid if that handle value has been created more times than it has been destroyed.

All objects created or allocated from a `VkDevice` (i.e. with a `VkDevice` as the first parameter) are private to that device, and must not be used on other devices.

#### 3.3.1. Object Lifetime

Objects are created or allocated by `vkCreate*` and `vkAllocate*` commands, respectively. Once an object is created or allocated, its “structure” is considered to be immutable, though the contents of certain object types is still free to change. Objects are destroyed or freed by `vkDestroy*` and `vkFree*` commands, respectively.

Objects that are allocated (rather than created) take resources from an existing pool object or memory heap, and when freed return resources to that pool or heap. While object creation and destruction are generally expected to be low-frequency occurrences during runtime, allocating and freeing objects can occur at high frequency. Pool objects help accommodate improved performance of the allocations and frees.

It is an application’s responsibility to track the lifetime of Vulkan objects, and not to destroy them while they are still in use.

The ownership of application-owned memory is immediately acquired by any Vulkan command it is passed into. Ownership of such memory must be released back to the application at the end of the duration of the command, so that the application can alter or free this memory as soon as all the commands that acquired it have returned.

The following object types are consumed when they are passed into a Vulkan command and not further accessed by the objects they are used to create. They must not be destroyed in the duration of any API command they are passed into:

- `VkShaderModule`

- `VkPipelineCache`

A `VkRenderPass` or `VkPipelineLayout` object passed as a parameter to create another object is not further accessed by that object after the duration of the command it is passed into. A `VkRenderPass` used in a command buffer follows the rules described below.

`VkDescriptorSetLayout` objects may be accessed by commands that operate on descriptor sets allocated using that layout, and those descriptor sets must not be updated with vkUpdateDescriptorSets after the descriptor set layout has been destroyed. Otherwise, a `VkDescriptorSetLayout` object passed as a parameter to create another object is not further accessed by that object after the duration of the command it is passed into.

The application must not destroy any other type of Vulkan object until all uses of that object by the device (such as via command buffer execution) have completed.

The following Vulkan objects must not be destroyed while any command buffers using the object are in the pending state:

- `VkEvent`

- `VkQueryPool`

- `VkBuffer`

- `VkBufferView`

- `VkImage`

- `VkImageView`

- `VkPipeline`

- `VkSampler`

- `VkSamplerYcbcrConversion`

- `VkDescriptorPool`

- `VkFramebuffer`

- `VkRenderPass`

- `VkCommandBuffer`

- `VkCommandPool`

- `VkDeviceMemory`

- `VkDescriptorSet`

Destroying these objects will move any command buffers that are in the recording or executable state, and are using those objects, to the invalid state.

The following Vulkan objects must not be destroyed while any queue is executing commands that use the object:

- `VkFence`

- `VkSemaphore`

- `VkCommandBuffer`

- `VkCommandPool`

In general, objects can be destroyed or freed in any order, even if the object being freed is involved in the use of another object (e.g. use of a resource in a view, use of a view in a descriptor set, use of an object in a command buffer, binding of a memory allocation to a resource), as long as any object that uses the freed object is not further used in any way except to be destroyed or to be reset in such a way that it no longer uses the other object (such as resetting a command buffer). If the object has been reset, then it can be used as if it never used the freed object. An exception to this is when there is a parent/child relationship between objects. In this case, the application must not destroy a parent object before its children, except when the parent is explicitly defined to free its children when it is destroyed (e.g. for pool objects, as defined below).

`VkCommandPool` objects are parents of `VkCommandBuffer` objects. `VkDescriptorPool` objects are parents of `VkDescriptorSet` objects. `VkDevice` objects are parents of many object types (all that take a `VkDevice` as a parameter to their creation).

The following Vulkan objects have specific restrictions for when they can be destroyed:

- `VkQueue` objects cannot be explicitly destroyed. Instead, they are implicitly destroyed when the `VkDevice` object they are retrieved from is destroyed.

- Destroying a pool object implicitly frees all objects allocated from that pool. Specifically, destroying `VkCommandPool` frees all `VkCommandBuffer` objects that were allocated from it, and destroying `VkDescriptorPool` frees all `VkDescriptorSet` objects that were allocated from it.

- `VkDevice` objects can be destroyed when all `VkQueue` objects retrieved from them are idle, and all objects created from them have been destroyed. This includes the following objects:

  - `VkFence`

  - `VkSemaphore`

  - `VkEvent`

  - `VkQueryPool`

  - `VkBuffer`

  - `VkBufferView`

  - `VkImage`

  - `VkImageView`

  - `VkShaderModule`

  - `VkPipelineCache`

  - `VkPipeline`

  - `VkPipelineLayout`

  - `VkSampler`

  - `VkSamplerYcbcrConversion`

  - `VkDescriptorSetLayout`

  - `VkDescriptorPool`

  - `VkFramebuffer`

  - `VkRenderPass`

  - `VkCommandPool`

  - `VkCommandBuffer`

  - `VkDeviceMemory`

- `VkPhysicalDevice` objects cannot be explicitly destroyed. Instead, they are implicitly destroyed when the `VkInstance` object they are retrieved from is destroyed.

- `VkInstance` objects can be destroyed once all `VkDevice` objects created from any of its `VkPhysicalDevice` objects have been destroyed.

#### 3.3.2. External Object Handles

As defined above, the scope of object handles created or allocated from a `VkDevice` is limited to that logical device. Objects which are not in scope are said to be external. To bring an external object into scope, an external handle must be exported from the object in the source scope and imported into the destination scope.

| Note The scope of external handles and their associated resources may vary according to their type, but they can generally be shared across process and API boundaries.

### 3.4. Application Binary Interface

The mechanism by which Vulkan is made available to applications is platform- or implementation- defined. On many platforms the C interface described in this Specification is provided by a shared library. Since shared libraries can be changed independently of the applications that use them, they present particular compatibility challenges, and this Specification places some requirements on them.

Shared library implementations must use the default Application Binary Interface (ABI) of the standard C compiler for the platform, or provide customized API headers that cause application code to use the implementation’s non-default ABI. An ABI in this context means the size, alignment, and layout of C data types; the procedure calling convention; and the naming convention for shared library symbols corresponding to C functions. Customizing the calling convention for a platform is usually accomplished by defining calling convention macros appropriately in `vk_platform.h`.

On platforms where Vulkan is provided as a shared library, library symbols beginning with “vk” and followed by a digit or uppercase letter are reserved for use by the implementation. Applications which use Vulkan must not provide definitions of these symbols. This allows the Vulkan shared library to be updated with additional symbols for new API versions or extensions without causing symbol conflicts with existing applications.

Shared library implementations should provide library symbols for commands in the highest version of this Specification they support, and for Window System Integration extensions relevant to the platform. They may also provide library symbols for commands defined by additional extensions.

| Note These requirements and recommendations are intended to allow implementors to take advantage of platform-specific conventions for SDKs, ABIs, library versioning mechanisms, etc. while still minimizing the code changes necessary to port applications or libraries between platforms. Platform vendors, or providers of the de facto standard Vulkan shared library for a platform, are encouraged to document what symbols the shared library provides and how it will be versioned when new symbols are added. Applications should only rely on shared library symbols for commands in the minimum core version required by the application. vkGetInstanceProcAddr and vkGetDeviceProcAddr should be used to obtain function pointers for commands in core versions beyond the application’s minimum required version.

### 3.5. Command Syntax and Duration

The Specification describes Vulkan commands as functions or procedures using C99 syntax. Language bindings for other languages such as C++ and JavaScript may allow for stricter parameter passing, or object-oriented interfaces.

Vulkan uses the standard C types for the base type of scalar parameters (e.g. types from `<stdint.h>`), with exceptions described below, or elsewhere in the text when appropriate:

`VkBool32` represents boolean `True` and `False` values, since C does not have a sufficiently portable built-in boolean type:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef uint32_t VkBool32;

`VK_TRUE` represents a boolean True (unsigned integer 1) value, and `VK_FALSE` a boolean False (unsigned integer 0) value.

All values returned from a Vulkan implementation in a `VkBool32` will be either `VK_TRUE` or `VK_FALSE`.

Applications must not pass any other values than `VK_TRUE` or `VK_FALSE` into a Vulkan implementation where a `VkBool32` is expected.

`VK_TRUE` is a constant representing a `VkBool32` True value.

    #define VK_TRUE                           1U

`VK_FALSE` is a constant representing a `VkBool32` False value.

    #define VK_FALSE                          0U

`VkDeviceSize` represents device memory size and offset values:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef uint64_t VkDeviceSize;

`VkDeviceAddress` represents device buffer address values:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef uint64_t VkDeviceAddress;

Commands that create Vulkan objects are of the form `vkCreate*` and take `Vk*CreateInfo` structures with the parameters needed to create the object. These Vulkan objects are destroyed with commands of the form `vkDestroy*`.

The last in-parameter to each command that creates or destroys a Vulkan object is `pAllocator`. The `pAllocator` parameter can be set to a non-`NULL` value such that allocations for the given object are delegated to an application provided callback; refer to the Memory Allocation chapter for further details.

Commands that allocate Vulkan objects owned by pool objects are of the form `vkAllocate*`, and take `Vk*AllocateInfo` structures. These Vulkan objects are freed with commands of the form `vkFree*`. These objects do not take allocators; if host memory is needed, they will use the allocator that was specified when their parent pool was created.

Commands are recorded into a command buffer by calling API commands of the form `vkCmd*`. Each such command may have different restrictions on where it can be used: in a primary and/or secondary command buffer, inside and/or outside a render pass, and in one or more of the supported queue types. These restrictions are documented together with the definition of each such command.

The duration of a Vulkan command refers to the interval between calling the command and its return to the caller.

#### 3.5.1. Lifetime of Retrieved Results

Information is retrieved from the implementation with commands of the form `vkGet*` and `vkEnumerate*`.

Unless otherwise specified for an individual command, the results are invariant; that is, they will remain unchanged when retrieved again by calling the same command with the same parameters, so long as those parameters themselves all remain valid.

### 3.6. Threading Behavior

Vulkan is intended to provide scalable performance when used on multiple host threads. All commands support being called concurrently from multiple threads, but certain parameters, or components of parameters are defined to be externally synchronized. This means that the caller must guarantee that no more than one thread is using such a parameter at a given time.

More precisely, Vulkan commands use simple stores to update the state of Vulkan objects. A parameter declared as externally synchronized may have its contents updated at any time during the host execution of the command. If two commands operate on the same object and at least one of the commands declares the object to be externally synchronized, then the caller must guarantee not only that the commands do not execute simultaneously, but also that the two commands are separated by an appropriate memory barrier (if needed).

| Note Memory barriers are particularly relevant for hosts based on the ARM CPU architecture, which is more weakly ordered than many developers are accustomed to from x86/x64 programming. Fortunately, most higher-level synchronization primitives (like the pthread library) perform memory barriers as a part of mutual exclusion, so mutexing Vulkan objects via these primitives will have the desired effect.

Similarly the application must avoid any potential data hazard of application-owned memory that has its ownership temporarily acquired by a Vulkan command. While the ownership of application-owned memory remains acquired by a command the implementation may read the memory at any point, and it may write non-`const` qualified memory at any point. Parameters referring to non-`const` qualified application-owned memory are not marked explicitly as externally synchronized in the Specification.

Many object types are immutable, meaning the objects cannot change once they have been created. These types of objects never need external synchronization, except that they must not be destroyed while they are in use on another thread. In certain special cases mutable object parameters are internally synchronized, making external synchronization unnecessary. Any command parameters that are not labeled as externally synchronized are either not mutated by the command or are internally synchronized. Additionally, certain objects related to a command’s parameters (e.g. command pools and descriptor pools) may be affected by a command, and must also be externally synchronized. These implicit parameters are documented as described below.

Parameters of commands that are externally synchronized are listed below.

Externally Synchronized Parameters

- The `instance` parameter in vkDestroyInstance

- The `device` parameter in vkDestroyDevice

- The `queue` parameter in vkQueueSubmit

- The `fence` parameter in vkQueueSubmit

- The `queue` parameter in vkQueueWaitIdle

- The `memory` parameter in vkFreeMemory

- The `memory` parameter in vkMapMemory

- The `memory` parameter in vkUnmapMemory

- The `buffer` parameter in vkBindBufferMemory

- The `image` parameter in vkBindImageMemory

- The `queue` parameter in vkQueueBindSparse

- The `fence` parameter in vkQueueBindSparse

- The `fence` parameter in vkDestroyFence

- The `semaphore` parameter in vkDestroySemaphore

- The `event` parameter in vkDestroyEvent

- The `event` parameter in vkSetEvent

- The `event` parameter in vkResetEvent

- The `queryPool` parameter in vkDestroyQueryPool

- The `buffer` parameter in vkDestroyBuffer

- The `bufferView` parameter in vkDestroyBufferView

- The `image` parameter in vkDestroyImage

- The `imageView` parameter in vkDestroyImageView

- The `shaderModule` parameter in vkDestroyShaderModule

- The `pipelineCache` parameter in vkDestroyPipelineCache

- The `dstCache` parameter in vkMergePipelineCaches

- The `pipeline` parameter in vkDestroyPipeline

- The `pipelineLayout` parameter in vkDestroyPipelineLayout

- The `sampler` parameter in vkDestroySampler

- The `descriptorSetLayout` parameter in vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout

- The `descriptorPool` parameter in vkDestroyDescriptorPool

- The `descriptorPool` parameter in vkResetDescriptorPool

- The `descriptorPool` member of the `pAllocateInfo` parameter in vkAllocateDescriptorSets

- The `descriptorPool` parameter in vkFreeDescriptorSets

- The `framebuffer` parameter in vkDestroyFramebuffer

- The `renderPass` parameter in vkDestroyRenderPass

- The `commandPool` parameter in vkDestroyCommandPool

- The `commandPool` parameter in vkResetCommandPool

- The `commandPool` member of the `pAllocateInfo` parameter in vkAllocateCommandBuffers

- The `commandPool` parameter in vkFreeCommandBuffers

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkBeginCommandBuffer

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkEndCommandBuffer

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkResetCommandBuffer

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBindPipeline

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetViewport

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetScissor

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetLineWidth

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetDepthBias

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetBlendConstants

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetDepthBounds

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetStencilReference

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBindDescriptorSets

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBindIndexBuffer

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBindVertexBuffers

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdDraw

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdDrawIndexed

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdDrawIndirect

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdDispatch

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdDispatchIndirect

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdCopyBuffer

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdCopyImage

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBlitImage

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdCopyBufferToImage

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdUpdateBuffer

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdFillBuffer

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdClearColorImage

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdClearAttachments

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdResolveImage

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetEvent

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdResetEvent

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdWaitEvents

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdPipelineBarrier

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBeginQuery

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdEndQuery

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdResetQueryPool

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdWriteTimestamp

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdPushConstants

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBeginRenderPass

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdNextSubpass

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdEndRenderPass

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdExecuteCommands

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetDeviceMask

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdDispatchBase

- The `commandPool` parameter in vkTrimCommandPool

- The `ycbcrConversion` parameter in vkDestroySamplerYcbcrConversion

- The `descriptorUpdateTemplate` parameter in vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplate

- The `descriptorSet` parameter in vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdDrawIndirectCount

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBeginRenderPass2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdNextSubpass2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdEndRenderPass2

- The `privateDataSlot` parameter in vkDestroyPrivateDataSlot

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetEvent2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdResetEvent2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdWaitEvents2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdPipelineBarrier2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdWriteTimestamp2

- The `queue` parameter in vkQueueSubmit2

- The `fence` parameter in vkQueueSubmit2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdCopyBuffer2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdCopyImage2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBlitImage2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdResolveImage2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBeginRendering

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdEndRendering

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetCullMode

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetFrontFace

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopology

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetViewportWithCount

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetScissorWithCount

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetDepthTestEnable

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnable

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetDepthCompareOp

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnable

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetStencilTestEnable

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetStencilOp

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable

- The `commandBuffer` parameter in vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnable

For VkPipelineCache objects created with `flags` containing `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT`, the above table is extended with the `pipelineCache` parameter to `vkCreate*Pipelines` being externally synchronized.

There are also a few instances where a command can take in a user allocated list whose contents are externally synchronized parameters. In these cases, the caller must guarantee that at most one thread is using a given element within the list at a given time. These parameters are listed below.

Externally Synchronized Parameter Lists

- Each element of the `pFences` parameter in vkResetFences

- Each element of the `pDescriptorSets` parameter in vkFreeDescriptorSets

- The `dstSet` member of each element of the `pDescriptorWrites` parameter in vkUpdateDescriptorSets

- The `dstSet` member of each element of the `pDescriptorCopies` parameter in vkUpdateDescriptorSets

- Each element of the `pCommandBuffers` parameter in vkFreeCommandBuffers

In addition, there are some implicit parameters that need to be externally synchronized. For example, all `commandBuffer` parameters that need to be externally synchronized imply that the `commandPool` that was passed in when creating that command buffer also needs to be externally synchronized. The implicit parameters and their associated object are listed below.

Implicit Externally Synchronized Parameters

- All `VkPhysicalDevice` objects enumerated from `instance` in vkDestroyInstance

- All `VkQueue` objects created from `device` in vkDestroyDevice

- All `VkQueue` objects created from `device` in vkDeviceWaitIdle

- Any `VkDescriptorSet` objects allocated from `descriptorPool` in vkResetDescriptorPool

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from in vkBeginCommandBuffer

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from in vkEndCommandBuffer

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from in vkResetCommandBuffer

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBindPipeline

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetViewport

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetScissor

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetLineWidth

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetDepthBias

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetBlendConstants

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetDepthBounds

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetStencilReference

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBindDescriptorSets

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBindIndexBuffer

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBindVertexBuffers

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdDraw

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdDrawIndexed

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdDrawIndirect

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdDispatch

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdDispatchIndirect

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdCopyBuffer

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdCopyImage

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBlitImage

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdCopyBufferToImage

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdUpdateBuffer

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdFillBuffer

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdClearColorImage

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdClearAttachments

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdResolveImage

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetEvent

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdResetEvent

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdWaitEvents

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdPipelineBarrier

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBeginQuery

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdEndQuery

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdResetQueryPool

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdWriteTimestamp

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdPushConstants

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBeginRenderPass

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdNextSubpass

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdEndRenderPass

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdExecuteCommands

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetDeviceMask

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdDispatchBase

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdDrawIndirectCount

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBeginRenderPass2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdNextSubpass2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdEndRenderPass2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetEvent2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdResetEvent2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdWaitEvents2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdPipelineBarrier2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdWriteTimestamp2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdCopyBuffer2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdCopyImage2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBlitImage2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdResolveImage2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBeginRendering

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdEndRendering

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetCullMode

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetFrontFace

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopology

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetViewportWithCount

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetScissorWithCount

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetDepthTestEnable

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnable

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetDepthCompareOp

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnable

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetStencilTestEnable

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetStencilOp

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable

- The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, in vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnable

### 3.7. Valid Usage

Valid usage defines a set of conditions which must be met in order to achieve well-defined runtime behavior in an application. These conditions depend only on Vulkan state, and the parameters or objects whose usage is constrained by the condition.

The core layer assumes applications are using the API correctly. Except as documented elsewhere in the Specification, the behavior of the core layer to an application using the API incorrectly is undefined, and may include program termination. However, implementations must ensure that incorrect usage by an application does not affect the integrity of the operating system, the Vulkan implementation, or other Vulkan client applications in the system. In particular, any guarantees made by an operating system about whether memory from one process can be visible to another process or not must not be violated by a Vulkan implementation for any memory allocation. Vulkan implementations are not required to make additional security or integrity guarantees beyond those provided by the OS unless explicitly directed by the application’s use of a particular feature or extension.

| Note For instance, if an operating system guarantees that data in all its memory allocations are set to zero when newly allocated, the Vulkan implementation must make the same guarantees for any allocations it controls (e.g. VkDeviceMemory). Similarly, if an operating system guarantees that use-after-free of host allocations will not result in values written by another process becoming visible, the same guarantees must be made by the Vulkan implementation for device memory.

If the protected memory feature is supported, the implementation provides additional guarantees when invalid usage occurs to prevent values in protected memory from being accessed or inferred outside of protected operations, as described in Protected Memory Access Rules.

Some valid usage conditions have dependencies on runtime limits or feature availability. It is possible to validate these conditions against Vulkan’s minimum supported values for these limits and features, or some subset of other known values.

Valid usage conditions do not cover conditions where well-defined behavior (including returning an error code) exists.

Valid usage conditions should apply to the command or structure where complete information about the condition would be known during execution of an application. This is such that a validation layer or linter can be written directly against these statements at the point they are specified.

| Note This does lead to some non-obvious places for valid usage statements. For instance, the valid values for a structure might depend on a separate value in the calling command. In this case, the structure itself will not reference this valid usage as it is impossible to determine validity from the structure that it is invalid - instead this valid usage would be attached to the calling command. Another example is draw state - the state setters are independent, and can cause a legitimately invalid state configuration between draw calls; so the valid usage statements are attached to the place where all state needs to be valid - at the drawing command.

Valid usage conditions are described in a block labelled “Valid Usage” following each command or structure they apply to.

#### 3.7.1. Usage Validation

Vulkan is a layered API. The lowest layer is the core Vulkan layer, as defined by this Specification. The application can use additional layers above the core for debugging, validation, and other purposes.

One of the core principles of Vulkan is that building and submitting command buffers should be highly efficient. Thus error checking and validation of state in the core layer is minimal, although more rigorous validation can be enabled through the use of layers.

Validation of correct API usage is left to validation layers. Applications should be developed with validation layers enabled, to help catch and eliminate errors. Once validated, released applications should not enable validation layers by default.

#### 3.7.2. Implicit Valid Usage

Some valid usage conditions apply to all commands and structures in the API, unless explicitly denoted otherwise for a specific command or structure. These conditions are considered implicit, and are described in a block labelled “Valid Usage (Implicit)” following each command or structure they apply to. Implicit valid usage conditions are described in detail below.

##### Valid Usage for Object Handles

Any input parameter to a command that is an object handle must be a valid object handle, unless otherwise specified. An object handle is valid if:

- It has been created or allocated by a previous, successful call to the API. Such calls are noted in the Specification.

- It has not been deleted or freed by a previous call to the API. Such calls are noted in the Specification.

- Any objects used by that object, either as part of creation or execution, must also be valid.

The reserved values VK_NULL_HANDLE and `NULL` can be used in place of valid non-dispatchable handles and dispatchable handles, respectively, when explicitly called out in the Specification. Any command that creates an object successfully must not return these values. It is valid to pass these values to `vkDestroy*` or `vkFree*` commands, which will silently ignore these values.

##### Valid Usage for Pointers

Any parameter that is a pointer must be a valid pointer only if it is explicitly called out by a Valid Usage statement.

A pointer is “valid” if it points at memory containing values of the number and type(s) expected by the command, and all fundamental types accessed through the pointer (e.g. as elements of an array or as members of a structure) satisfy the alignment requirements of the host processor.

##### Valid Usage for Strings

Any parameter that is a pointer to `char` must be a finite sequence of values terminated by a null character, or if explicitly called out in the Specification, can be `NULL`.

##### Valid Usage for Enumerated Types

Any parameter of an enumerated type must be a valid enumerant for that type. A enumerant is valid if:

- The enumerant is defined as part of the enumerated type.

- The enumerant is not the special value (suffixed with `_MAX_ENUM`1) defined for the enumerated type.

  1

    This special value exists only to ensure that C `enum` types are 32 bits in size. It is not part of the API, and should not be used by applications.

Any enumerated type returned from a query command or otherwise output from Vulkan to the application must not have a reserved value. Reserved values are values not defined by any extension for that enumerated type.

| Note This language is intended to accommodate cases such as “hidden” extensions known only to driver internals, or layers enabling extensions without knowledge of the application, without allowing return of values not defined by any extension.

| Note Application developers are encouraged to be careful when using `switch` statements with Vulkan API enums. This is because new extensions can add new values to existing enums. Using a `default:` statement within a `switch` may avoid future compilation issues. This is particularly true for enums such as VkDriverId, which may have values added that do not belong to a corresponding new extension.

##### Valid Usage for Flags

A collection of flags is represented by a bitmask using the type `VkFlags`:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef uint32_t VkFlags;

Bitmasks are passed to many commands and structures to compactly represent options, but `VkFlags` is not used directly in the API. Instead, a `Vk*Flags` type which is an alias of `VkFlags`, and whose name matches the corresponding `Vk*FlagBits` that are valid for that type, is used.

Any `Vk*Flags` member or parameter used in the API as an input must be a valid combination of bit flags. A valid combination is either zero or the bitwise OR of valid bit flags. A bit flag is valid if:

- The bit flag is defined as part of the `Vk*FlagBits` type, where the bits type is obtained by taking the flag type and replacing the trailing `Flags` with `FlagBits`. For example, a flag value of type VkColorComponentFlags must contain only bit flags defined by VkColorComponentFlagBits.

- The flag is allowed in the context in which it is being used. For example, in some cases, certain bit flags or combinations of bit flags are mutually exclusive.

Any `Vk*Flags` member or parameter returned from a query command or otherwise output from Vulkan to the application may contain bit flags undefined in its corresponding `Vk*FlagBits` type. An application cannot rely on the state of these unspecified bits.

Only the low-order 31 bits (bit positions zero through 30) are available for use as flag bits.

| Note This restriction is due to poorly defined behavior by C compilers given a C enumerant value of `0x80000000`. In some cases adding this enumerant value may increase the size of the underlying `Vk*FlagBits` type, breaking the ABI.

A collection of 64-bit flags is represented by a bitmask using the type `VkFlags64`:

    typedef uint64_t VkFlags64;

When the 31 bits available in `VkFlags` are insufficient, the `VkFlags64` type can be passed to commands and structures to represent up to 64 options. `VkFlags64` is not used directly in the API. Instead, a `Vk*Flags2` type which is an alias of `VkFlags64`, and whose name matches the corresponding `Vk*FlagBits2` that are valid for that type, is used.

Any `Vk*Flags2` member or parameter used in the API as an input must be a valid combination of bit flags. A valid combination is either zero or the bitwise OR of valid bit flags. A bit flag is valid if:

- The bit flag is defined as part of the `Vk*FlagBits2` type, where the bits type is obtained by taking the flag type and replacing the trailing `Flags2` with `FlagBits2`. For example, a flag value of type `VkAccessFlags2KHR` must contain only bit flags defined by `VkAccessFlagBits2KHR`.

- The flag is allowed in the context in which it is being used. For example, in some cases, certain bit flags or combinations of bit flags are mutually exclusive.

Any `Vk*Flags2` member or parameter returned from a query command or otherwise output from Vulkan to the application may contain bit flags undefined in its corresponding `Vk*FlagBits2` type. An application cannot rely on the state of these unspecified bits.

| Note Both the `Vk*FlagBits2` type, and the individual bits defined for that type, are defined as `uint64_t` integers in the C API. This is in contrast to the 32-bit types, where the `Vk*FlagBits` type is defined as a C `enum` and the individual bits as enumerants belonging to that `enum`. As a result, there is less compile-time type checking possible for the 64-bit types. This is unavoidable since there is no sufficiently portable way to define a 64-bit `enum` type in C99.

##### Valid Usage for Structure Types

Any parameter that is a structure containing a `sType` member must have a value of `sType` which is a valid VkStructureType value matching the type of the structure.

##### Valid Usage for Structure Pointer Chains

Any parameter that is a structure containing a `void*` `pNext` member must have a value of `pNext` that is either `NULL`, or is a pointer to a valid extending structure, containing `sType` and `pNext` members as described in the Vulkan Documentation and Extensions document in the section “Extension Interactions”. The set of structures connected by `pNext` pointers is referred to as a `pNext` chain.

Each structure included in the `pNext` chain must be defined at runtime by either:

- a core version which is supported

- an extension which is enabled

- a supported device extension in the case of physical-device-level functionality added by the device extension

Each type of extending structure must not appear more than once in a `pNext` chain, including any aliases. This general rule may be explicitly overridden for specific structures.

Any component of the implementation (the loader, any enabled layers, and drivers) must skip over, without processing (other than reading the `sType` and `pNext` members) any extending structures in the chain not defined by core versions or extensions supported by that component.

As a convenience to implementations and layers needing to iterate through a structure pointer chain, the Vulkan API provides two base structures. These structures allow for some type safety, and can be used by Vulkan API functions that operate on generic inputs and outputs.

The `VkBaseInStructure` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBaseInStructure {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        const struct VkBaseInStructure*    pNext;
    } VkBaseInStructure;

- `sType` is the structure type of the structure being iterated through.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to the next structure in a structure chain.

`VkBaseInStructure` can be used to facilitate iterating through a read-only structure pointer chain.

The `VkBaseOutStructure` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBaseOutStructure {
        VkStructureType               sType;
        struct VkBaseOutStructure*    pNext;
    } VkBaseOutStructure;

- `sType` is the structure type of the structure being iterated through.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to the next structure in a structure chain.

`VkBaseOutStructure` can be used to facilitate iterating through a structure pointer chain that returns data back to the application.

##### Valid Usage for Nested Structures

The above conditions also apply recursively to members of structures provided as input to a command, either as a direct argument to the command, or themselves a member of another structure.

Specifics on valid usage of each command are covered in their individual sections.

##### Valid Usage for Extensions

Instance-level functionality or behavior added by an instance extension to the API must not be used unless that extension is supported by the instance as determined by vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties, and that extension is enabled in VkInstanceCreateInfo.

Physical-device-level functionality or behavior added by an instance extension to the API must not be used unless that extension is supported by the instance as determined by vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties, and that extension is enabled in VkInstanceCreateInfo.

Physical-device-level functionality or behavior added by a device extension to the API must not be used unless the conditions described in Extending Physical Device Core Functionality are met.

Device functionality or behavior added by a device extension to the API must not be used unless that extension is supported by the device as determined by vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties, and that extension is enabled in VkDeviceCreateInfo.

##### Valid Usage for Newer Core Versions

Instance-level functionality or behavior added by a new core version of the API must not be used unless it is supported by the instance as determined by vkEnumerateInstanceVersion and the specified version of VkApplicationInfo::`apiVersion`.

Physical-device-level functionality or behavior added by a new core version of the API must not be used unless it is supported by the physical device as determined by VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion` and the specified version of VkApplicationInfo::`apiVersion`.

Device-level functionality or behavior added by a new core version of the API must not be used unless it is supported by the device as determined by VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion` and the specified version of VkApplicationInfo::`apiVersion`.

### 3.8. `VkResult` Return Codes

While the core Vulkan API is not designed to capture incorrect usage, some circumstances still require return codes. Commands in Vulkan return their status via return codes that are in one of two categories:

- Successful completion codes are returned when a command needs to communicate success or status information. All successful completion codes are non-negative values.

- Run time error codes are returned when a command needs to communicate a failure that could only be detected at runtime. All runtime error codes are negative values.

All return codes in Vulkan are reported via VkResult return values. The possible codes are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkResult {
        VK_SUCCESS = 0,
        VK_NOT_READY = 1,
        VK_TIMEOUT = 2,
        VK_EVENT_SET = 3,
        VK_EVENT_RESET = 4,
        VK_INCOMPLETE = 5,
        VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY = -1,
        VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY = -2,
        VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED = -3,
        VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST = -4,
        VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED = -5,
        VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT = -6,
        VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT = -7,
        VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT = -8,
        VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER = -9,
        VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS = -10,
        VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED = -11,
        VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTED_POOL = -12,
        VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN = -13,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY = -1000069000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE = -1000072003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTATION = -1000161000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS = -1000257000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED = 1000297000,
    } VkResult;

Success Codes

- `VK_SUCCESS` Command successfully completed

- `VK_NOT_READY` A fence or query has not yet completed

- `VK_TIMEOUT` A wait operation has not completed in the specified time

- `VK_EVENT_SET` An event is signaled

- `VK_EVENT_RESET` An event is unsignaled

- `VK_INCOMPLETE` A return array was too small for the result

- `VK_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED` A requested pipeline creation would have required compilation, but the application requested compilation to not be performed.

Error codes

- `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY` A host memory allocation has failed.

- `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` A device memory allocation has failed.

- `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED` Initialization of an object could not be completed for implementation-specific reasons.

- `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST` The logical or physical device has been lost. See Lost Device

- `VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED` Mapping of a memory object has failed.

- `VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT` A requested layer is not present or could not be loaded.

- `VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT` A requested extension is not supported.

- `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT` A requested feature is not supported.

- `VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER` The requested version of Vulkan is not supported by the driver or is otherwise incompatible for implementation-specific reasons.

- `VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS` Too many objects of the type have already been created.

- `VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED` A requested format is not supported on this device.

- `VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTED_POOL` A pool allocation has failed due to fragmentation of the pool’s memory. This must only be returned if no attempt to allocate host or device memory was made to accommodate the new allocation. This should be returned in preference to `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY`, but only if the implementation is certain that the pool allocation failure was due to fragmentation.

- `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY` A pool memory allocation has failed. This must only be returned if no attempt to allocate host or device memory was made to accommodate the new allocation. If the failure was definitely due to fragmentation of the pool, `VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTED_POOL` should be returned instead.

- `VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE` An external handle is not a valid handle of the specified type.

- `VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTATION` A descriptor pool creation has failed due to fragmentation.

- `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS` A buffer creation or memory allocation failed because the requested address is not available.

- `VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN` An unknown error has occurred; either the application has provided invalid input, or an implementation failure has occurred.

If a command returns a runtime error, unless otherwise specified any output parameters will have undefined contents, except that if the output parameter is a structure with `sType` and `pNext` fields, those fields will be unmodified. Any structures chained from `pNext` will also have undefined contents, except that `sType` and `pNext` will be unmodified.

`VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_*_MEMORY` errors do not modify any currently existing Vulkan objects. Objects that have already been successfully created can still be used by the application.

| Note As a general rule, `Free`, `Release`, and `Reset` commands do not return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`, while any other command with a return code may return it. Any exceptions from this rule are described for those commands.

`VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN` will be returned by an implementation when an unexpected error occurs that cannot be attributed to valid behavior of the application and implementation. Under these conditions, it may be returned from any command returning a VkResult.

| Note `VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN` is not expected to ever be returned if the application behavior is valid, and if the implementation is bug-free. If `VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN` is received, the application should be checked against the latest validation layers to verify correct behavior as much as possible. If no issues are identified it could be an implementation issue, and the implementor should be contacted for support.

Performance-critical commands generally do not have return codes. If a runtime error occurs in such commands, the implementation will defer reporting the error until a specified point. For commands that record into command buffers (`vkCmd*`) runtime errors are reported by `vkEndCommandBuffer`.

### 3.9. Numeric Representation and Computation

Implementations normally perform computations in floating-point, and must meet the range and precision requirements defined under “Floating-Point Computation” below.

These requirements only apply to computations performed in Vulkan operations outside of shader execution, such as texture image specification and sampling, and per-fragment operations. Range and precision requirements during shader execution differ and are specified by the Precision and Operation of SPIR-V Instructions section.

In some cases, the representation and/or precision of operations is implicitly limited by the specified format of vertex or texel data consumed by Vulkan. Specific floating-point formats are described later in this section.

#### 3.9.1. Floating-Point Computation

Most floating-point computation is performed in SPIR-V shader modules. The properties of computation within shaders are constrained as defined by the Precision and Operation of SPIR-V Instructions section.

Some floating-point computation is performed outside of shaders, such as viewport and depth range calculations. For these computations, we do not specify how floating-point numbers are to be represented, or the details of how operations on them are performed, but only place minimal requirements on representation and precision as described in the remainder of this section.

| editing-note (Jon, Bug 14966) This is a rat’s nest of complexity, both in terms of describing/enumerating places such computation may take place (other than “not shader code”) and in how implementations may do it. We have consciously deferred the resolution of this issue to post-1.0, and in the meantime, the following language inherited from the OpenGL Specification is inserted as a placeholder. Hopefully it can be tightened up considerably.

We require simply that numbers’ floating-point parts contain enough bits and that their exponent fields are large enough so that individual results of floating-point operations are accurate to about 1 part in 105. The maximum representable magnitude for all floating-point values must be at least 232.

  x × 0 = 0 × x = 0 for any non-infinite and non-NaN x.

  1 × x = x × 1 = x.

  x + 0 = 0 + x = x.

  00 = 1.

Occasionally, further requirements will be specified. Most single-precision floating-point formats meet these requirements.

The special values Inf and -Inf encode values with magnitudes too large to be represented; the special value NaN encodes “Not A Number” values resulting from undefined arithmetic operations such as 0 / 0. Implementations may support Inf and NaN in their floating-point computations.

#### 3.9.2. Floating-Point Format Conversions

When a value is converted to a defined floating-point representation, finite values falling between two representable finite values are rounded to one or the other. The rounding mode is not defined. Finite values whose magnitude is larger than that of any representable finite value may be rounded either to the closest representable finite value or to the appropriately signed infinity. For unsigned destination formats any negative values are converted to zero. Positive infinity is converted to positive infinity; negative infinity is converted to negative infinity in signed formats and to zero in unsigned formats; and any NaN is converted to a NaN.

#### 3.9.3. 16-Bit Floating-Point Numbers

16-bit floating point numbers are defined in the “16-bit floating point numbers” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

#### 3.9.4. Unsigned 11-Bit Floating-Point Numbers

Unsigned 11-bit floating point numbers are defined in the “Unsigned 11-bit floating point numbers” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

#### 3.9.5. Unsigned 10-Bit Floating-Point Numbers

Unsigned 10-bit floating point numbers are defined in the “Unsigned 10-bit floating point numbers” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

#### 3.9.6. General Requirements

Any representable floating-point value in the appropriate format is legal as input to a Vulkan command that requires floating-point data. The result of providing a value that is not a floating-point number to such a command is unspecified, but must not lead to Vulkan interruption or termination. For example, providing a negative zero (where applicable) or a denormalized number to a Vulkan command must yield deterministic results, while providing a NaN or Inf yields unspecified results.

Some calculations require division. In such cases (including implied divisions performed by vector normalization), division by zero produces an unspecified result but must not lead to Vulkan interruption or termination.

### 3.10. Fixed-Point Data Conversions

When generic vertex attributes and pixel color or depth components are represented as integers, they are often (but not always) considered to be normalized. Normalized integer values are treated specially when being converted to and from floating-point values, and are usually referred to as normalized fixed-point.

In the remainder of this section, b denotes the bit width of the fixed-point integer representation. When the integer is one of the types defined by the API, b is the bit width of that type. When the integer comes from an image containing color or depth component texels, b is the number of bits allocated to that component in its specified image format.

The signed and unsigned fixed-point representations are assumed to be b-bit binary two’s-complement integers and binary unsigned integers, respectively.

#### 3.10.1. Conversion from Normalized Fixed-Point to Floating-Point

Unsigned normalized fixed-point integers represent numbers in the range [0,1]. The conversion from an unsigned normalized fixed-point value c to the corresponding floating-point value f is defined as

f=2 b−1 c​

Signed normalized fixed-point integers represent numbers in the range [-1,1]. The conversion from a signed normalized fixed-point value c to the corresponding floating-point value f is performed using

f=max(2 b−1−1 c​,−1.0)

Only the range [-2b-1 + 1, 2b-1 - 1] is used to represent signed fixed-point values in the range [-1,1]. For example, if b = 8, then the integer value -127 corresponds to -1.0 and the value 127 corresponds to 1.0. This equation is used everywhere that signed normalized fixed-point values are converted to floating-point.

Note that while zero is exactly expressible in this representation, one value (-128 in the example) is outside the representable range, and implementations must clamp it to -1.0. Where the value is subject to further processing by the implementation, e.g. during texture filtering, values less than -1.0 may be used but the result must be clamped before the value is returned to shaders.

#### 3.10.2. Conversion from Floating-Point to Normalized Fixed-Point

The conversion from a floating-point value f to the corresponding unsigned normalized fixed-point value c is defined by first clamping f to the range [0,1], then computing

  c = convertFloatToUint(f × (2b - 1), b)

where convertFloatToUint(r,b) returns one of the two unsigned binary integer values with exactly b bits which are closest to the floating-point value r. Implementations should round to nearest. If r is equal to an integer, then that integer value must be returned. In particular, if f is equal to 0.0 or 1.0, then c must be assigned 0 or 2b - 1, respectively.

The conversion from a floating-point value f to the corresponding signed normalized fixed-point value c is performed by clamping f to the range [-1,1], then computing

  c = convertFloatToInt(f × (2b-1 - 1), b)

where convertFloatToInt(r,b) returns one of the two signed two’s-complement binary integer values with exactly b bits which are closest to the floating-point value r. Implementations should round to nearest. If r is equal to an integer, then that integer value must be returned. In particular, if f is equal to -1.0, 0.0, or 1.0, then c must be assigned -(2b-1 - 1), 0, or 2b-1 - 1, respectively.

This equation is used everywhere that floating-point values are converted to signed normalized fixed-point.

### 3.11. Common Object Types

Some types of Vulkan objects are used in many different structures and command parameters, and are described here. These types include offsets, extents, and rectangles.

#### 3.11.1. Offsets

Offsets are used to describe a pixel location within an image or framebuffer, as an (x,y) location for two-dimensional images, or an (x,y,z) location for three-dimensional images.

A two-dimensional offset is defined by the structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkOffset2D {
        int32_t    x;
        int32_t    y;
    } VkOffset2D;

- `x` is the x offset.

- `y` is the y offset.

A three-dimensional offset is defined by the structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkOffset3D {
        int32_t    x;
        int32_t    y;
        int32_t    z;
    } VkOffset3D;

- `x` is the x offset.

- `y` is the y offset.

- `z` is the z offset.

#### 3.11.2. Extents

Extents are used to describe the size of a rectangular region of pixels within an image or framebuffer, as (width,height) for two-dimensional images, or as (width,height,depth) for three-dimensional images.

A two-dimensional extent is defined by the structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkExtent2D {
        uint32_t    width;
        uint32_t    height;
    } VkExtent2D;

- `width` is the width of the extent.

- `height` is the height of the extent.

A three-dimensional extent is defined by the structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkExtent3D {
        uint32_t    width;
        uint32_t    height;
        uint32_t    depth;
    } VkExtent3D;

- `width` is the width of the extent.

- `height` is the height of the extent.

- `depth` is the depth of the extent.

#### 3.11.3. Rectangles

Rectangles are used to describe a specified rectangular region of pixels within an image or framebuffer. Rectangles include both an offset and an extent of the same dimensionality, as described above. Two-dimensional rectangles are defined by the structure

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkRect2D {
        VkOffset2D    offset;
        VkExtent2D    extent;
    } VkRect2D;

- `offset` is a VkOffset2D specifying the rectangle offset.

- `extent` is a VkExtent2D specifying the rectangle extent.

#### 3.11.4. Structure Types

Each value corresponds to a particular structure with a `sType` member with a matching name. As a general rule, the name of each VkStructureType value is obtained by taking the name of the structure, stripping the leading `Vk`, prefixing each capital letter with `_`, converting the entire resulting string to upper case, and prefixing it with `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_`. For example, structures of type VkImageCreateInfo correspond to a VkStructureType of `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO`, and thus its `sType` member must equal that when it is passed to the API.

The values `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_LOADER_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO` and `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_LOADER_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO` are reserved for internal use by the loader, and do not have corresponding Vulkan structures in this Specification.

Structure types supported by the Vulkan API include:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkStructureType {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO = 0,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO = 1,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO = 2,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO = 3,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO = 4,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO = 5,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE = 6,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_SPARSE_INFO = 7,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO = 8,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO = 9,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EVENT_CREATE_INFO = 10,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUERY_POOL_CREATE_INFO = 11,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO = 12,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW_CREATE_INFO = 13,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO = 14,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO = 15,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO = 16,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO = 17,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO = 18,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO = 19,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO = 20,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_TESSELLATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO = 21,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO = 22,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO = 23,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO = 24,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO = 25,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO = 26,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO = 27,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO = 28,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO = 29,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO = 30,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO = 31,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO = 32,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO = 33,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO = 34,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET = 35,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_DESCRIPTOR_SET = 36,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO = 37,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO = 38,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO = 39,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO = 40,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_INHERITANCE_INFO = 41,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO = 42,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO = 43,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER = 44,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER = 45,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_BARRIER = 46,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_LOADER_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO = 47,
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_LOADER_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO = 48,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_PROPERTIES = 1000094000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_INFO = 1000157000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_INFO = 1000157001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_16BIT_STORAGE_FEATURES = 1000083000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_REQUIREMENTS = 1000127000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_ALLOCATE_INFO = 1000127001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_FLAGS_INFO = 1000060000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO = 1000060003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO = 1000060004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_SUBMIT_INFO = 1000060005,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_BIND_SPARSE_INFO = 1000060006,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_DEVICE_GROUP_INFO = 1000060013,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_DEVICE_GROUP_INFO = 1000060014,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_GROUP_PROPERTIES = 1000070000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO = 1000070001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2 = 1000146000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2 = 1000146001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_SPARSE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2 = 1000146002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2 = 1000146003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SPARSE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2 = 1000146004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2 = 1000059000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2 = 1000059001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2 = 1000059002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2 = 1000059003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO_2 = 1000059004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUEUE_FAMILY_PROPERTIES_2 = 1000059005,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MEMORY_PROPERTIES_2 = 1000059006,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2 = 1000059007,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO_2 = 1000059008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_POINT_CLIPPING_PROPERTIES = 1000117000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_ASPECT_CREATE_INFO = 1000117001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_USAGE_CREATE_INFO = 1000117002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_TESSELLATION_DOMAIN_ORIGIN_STATE_CREATE_INFO = 1000117003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_MULTIVIEW_CREATE_INFO = 1000053000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_FEATURES = 1000053001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_PROPERTIES = 1000053002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VARIABLE_POINTERS_FEATURES = 1000120000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PROTECTED_SUBMIT_INFO = 1000145000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_FEATURES = 1000145001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_PROPERTIES = 1000145002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_INFO_2 = 1000145003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CREATE_INFO = 1000156000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_INFO = 1000156001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_PLANE_MEMORY_INFO = 1000156002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_PLANE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO = 1000156003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_FEATURES = 1000156004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES = 1000156005,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_CREATE_INFO = 1000085000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO = 1000071000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES = 1000071001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_BUFFER_INFO = 1000071002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_BUFFER_PROPERTIES = 1000071003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_ID_PROPERTIES = 1000071004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO = 1000072000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO = 1000072001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO = 1000072002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_FENCE_INFO = 1000112000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_FENCE_PROPERTIES = 1000112001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_FENCE_CREATE_INFO = 1000113000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO = 1000077000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_INFO = 1000076000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_PROPERTIES = 1000076001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MAINTENANCE_3_PROPERTIES = 1000168000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_SUPPORT = 1000168001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_DRAW_PARAMETERS_FEATURES = 1000063000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_FEATURES = 49,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_PROPERTIES = 50,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_FEATURES = 51,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_PROPERTIES = 52,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_CREATE_INFO = 1000147000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_2 = 1000109000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_2 = 1000109001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_2 = 1000109002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DEPENDENCY_2 = 1000109003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO_2 = 1000109004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_BEGIN_INFO = 1000109005,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_END_INFO = 1000109006,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_8BIT_STORAGE_FEATURES = 1000177000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DRIVER_PROPERTIES = 1000196000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_ATOMIC_INT64_FEATURES = 1000180000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_FLOAT16_INT8_FEATURES = 1000082000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FLOAT_CONTROLS_PROPERTIES = 1000197000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_BINDING_FLAGS_CREATE_INFO = 1000161000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_INDEXING_FEATURES = 1000161001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_INDEXING_PROPERTIES = 1000161002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_ALLOCATE_INFO = 1000161003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_LAYOUT_SUPPORT = 1000161004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE_PROPERTIES = 1000199000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE = 1000199001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SCALAR_BLOCK_LAYOUT_FEATURES = 1000221000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_STENCIL_USAGE_CREATE_INFO = 1000246000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SAMPLER_FILTER_MINMAX_PROPERTIES = 1000130000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_CREATE_INFO = 1000130001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_MEMORY_MODEL_FEATURES = 1000211000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGELESS_FRAMEBUFFER_FEATURES = 1000108000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENTS_CREATE_INFO = 1000108001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_IMAGE_INFO = 1000108002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_ATTACHMENT_BEGIN_INFO = 1000108003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_STANDARD_LAYOUT_FEATURES = 1000253000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_SUBGROUP_EXTENDED_TYPES_FEATURES = 1000175000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SEPARATE_DEPTH_STENCIL_LAYOUTS_FEATURES = 1000241000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_STENCIL_LAYOUT = 1000241001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_STENCIL_LAYOUT = 1000241002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_HOST_QUERY_RESET_FEATURES = 1000261000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_FEATURES = 1000207000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_PROPERTIES = 1000207001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_CREATE_INFO = 1000207002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_SUBMIT_INFO = 1000207003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_WAIT_INFO = 1000207004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_SIGNAL_INFO = 1000207005,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_FEATURES = 1000257000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO = 1000244001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_CREATE_INFO = 1000257002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_ALLOCATE_INFO = 1000257003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_MEMORY_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_INFO = 1000257004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_FEATURES = 53,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_PROPERTIES = 54,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_CREATE_INFO = 1000192000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_TERMINATE_INVOCATION_FEATURES = 1000215000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TOOL_PROPERTIES = 1000245000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_DEMOTE_TO_HELPER_INVOCATION_FEATURES = 1000276000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PRIVATE_DATA_FEATURES = 1000295000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_PRIVATE_DATA_CREATE_INFO = 1000295001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRIVATE_DATA_SLOT_CREATE_INFO = 1000295002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PIPELINE_CREATION_CACHE_CONTROL_FEATURES = 1000297000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2 = 1000314000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER_2 = 1000314001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2 = 1000314002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO = 1000314003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO_2 = 1000314004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_SUBMIT_INFO = 1000314005,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_SUBMIT_INFO = 1000314006,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SYNCHRONIZATION_2_FEATURES = 1000314007,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_ZERO_INITIALIZE_WORKGROUP_MEMORY_FEATURES = 1000325000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_ROBUSTNESS_FEATURES = 1000335000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_BUFFER_INFO_2 = 1000337000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_IMAGE_INFO_2 = 1000337001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_BUFFER_TO_IMAGE_INFO_2 = 1000337002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_IMAGE_TO_BUFFER_INFO_2 = 1000337003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BLIT_IMAGE_INFO_2 = 1000337004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOLVE_IMAGE_INFO_2 = 1000337005,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_COPY_2 = 1000337006,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_COPY_2 = 1000337007,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_BLIT_2 = 1000337008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_IMAGE_COPY_2 = 1000337009,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_RESOLVE_2 = 1000337010,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CONTROL_PROPERTIES = 1000225000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_REQUIRED_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CREATE_INFO = 1000225001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CONTROL_FEATURES = 1000225002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_FEATURES = 1000138000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_PROPERTIES = 1000138001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK = 1000138002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_CREATE_INFO = 1000138003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR_FEATURES = 1000066000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_INFO = 1000044000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_ATTACHMENT_INFO = 1000044001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RENDERING_CREATE_INFO = 1000044002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DYNAMIC_RENDERING_FEATURES = 1000044003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_INHERITANCE_RENDERING_INFO = 1000044004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_INTEGER_DOT_PRODUCT_FEATURES = 1000280000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_INTEGER_DOT_PRODUCT_PROPERTIES = 1000280001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT_PROPERTIES = 1000281001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_3 = 1000360000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MAINTENANCE_4_FEATURES = 1000413000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MAINTENANCE_4_PROPERTIES = 1000413001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS = 1000413002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS = 1000413003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VARIABLE_POINTER_FEATURES = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VARIABLE_POINTERS_FEATURES,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_DRAW_PARAMETER_FEATURES = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_DRAW_PARAMETERS_FEATURES,
    } VkStructureType;

### 3.12. API Name Aliases

A small number of APIs did not follow the naming conventions when initially defined. For consistency, when we discover an API name that violates the naming conventions, we rename it in the Specification, XML, and header files. For backwards compatibility, the original (incorrect) name is retained as a “typo alias”. The alias is deprecated and should not be used, but will be retained indefinitely.

| Note An example of a typo alias is from the type `VkColorSpaceKHR`, introduced by the `VK_KHR_surface` extension. The enumerant `VK_COLORSPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR` was initially defined as part of `VkColorSpaceKHR`. Once the naming inconsistency was noticed, it was renamed to `VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR`, and the old name aliased to the correct name.

## 4. Initialization

Before using Vulkan, an application must initialize it by loading the Vulkan commands, and creating a `VkInstance` object.

### 4.1. Command Function Pointers

Vulkan commands are not necessarily exposed by static linking on a platform. Commands to query function pointers for Vulkan commands are described below.

| Note When extensions are promoted or otherwise incorporated into another extension or Vulkan core version, command aliases may be included. Whilst the behavior of each command alias is identical, the behavior of retrieving each alias’s function pointer is not. A function pointer for a given alias can only be retrieved if the extension or version that introduced that alias is supported and enabled, irrespective of whether any other alias is available.

Function pointers for all Vulkan commands can be obtained with the command:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    PFN_vkVoidFunction vkGetInstanceProcAddr(
        VkInstance                                  instance,
        const char*                                 pName);

- `instance` is the instance that the function pointer will be compatible with, or `NULL` for commands not dependent on any instance.

- `pName` is the name of the command to obtain.

`vkGetInstanceProcAddr` itself is obtained in a platform- and loader- specific manner. Typically, the loader library will export this command as a function symbol, so applications can link against the loader library, or load it dynamically and look up the symbol using platform-specific APIs.

The table below defines the various use cases for `vkGetInstanceProcAddr` and expected return value (“fp” is “function pointer”) for each case. A valid returned function pointer (“fp”) must not be `NULL`.

The returned function pointer is of type PFN_vkVoidFunction, and must be cast to the type of the command being queried before use.

Table 1. `vkGetInstanceProcAddr` behavior
`instance` | `pName` | return value
--- | --- | ---
*1 | `NULL` | undefined
invalid non-`NULL` instance | *1 | undefined
`NULL` | global command2 | fp
`NULL` | vkGetInstanceProcAddr | fp5
instance | vkGetInstanceProcAddr | fp
instance | core dispatchable command | fp3
instance | enabled instance extension dispatchable command for `instance` | fp3
instance | available device extension4 dispatchable command for `instance` | fp3
any other case, not covered above | `NULL`

1

  "*" means any representable value for the parameter (including valid values, invalid values, and `NULL`).

2

  The global commands are: vkEnumerateInstanceVersion, vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties, vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties, and vkCreateInstance. Dispatchable commands are all other commands which are not global.

3

  The returned function pointer must only be called with a dispatchable object (the first parameter) that is `instance` or a child of `instance`, e.g. VkInstance, VkPhysicalDevice, VkDevice, VkQueue, or VkCommandBuffer.

4

  An “available device extension” is a device extension supported by any physical device enumerated by `instance`.

5

  Starting with Vulkan 1.2, `vkGetInstanceProcAddr` can resolve itself with a `NULL` instance pointer.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetInstanceProcAddr-instance-parameter
  If `instance` is not `NULL`, `instance` must be a valid VkInstance handle

- VUID-vkGetInstanceProcAddr-pName-parameter
  `pName` must be a null-terminated UTF-8 string

In order to support systems with multiple Vulkan implementations, the function pointers returned by `vkGetInstanceProcAddr` may point to dispatch code that calls a different real implementation for different VkDevice objects or their child objects. The overhead of the internal dispatch for VkDevice objects can be avoided by obtaining device-specific function pointers for any commands that use a device or device-child object as their dispatchable object. Such function pointers can be obtained with the command:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    PFN_vkVoidFunction vkGetDeviceProcAddr(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const char*                                 pName);

The table below defines the various use cases for `vkGetDeviceProcAddr` and expected return value (“fp” is “function pointer”) for each case. A valid returned function pointer (“fp”) must not be `NULL`.

The returned function pointer is of type PFN_vkVoidFunction, and must be cast to the type of the command being queried before use. The function pointer must only be called with a dispatchable object (the first parameter) that is `device` or a child of `device`.

Table 2. `vkGetDeviceProcAddr` behavior
`device` | `pName` | return value
--- | --- | ---
`NULL` | *1 | undefined
invalid device | *1 | undefined
device | `NULL` | undefined
device | core device-level dispatchable command2 | fp3
device | enabled extension device-level dispatchable command2 | fp3
any other case, not covered above | `NULL`

1

  "*" means any representable value for the parameter (including valid values, invalid values, and `NULL`).

2

  In this function, device-level excludes all physical-device-level commands.

3

  The returned function pointer must only be called with a dispatchable object (the first parameter) that is `device` or a child of `device` e.g. VkDevice, VkQueue, or VkCommandBuffer.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceProcAddr-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceProcAddr-pName-parameter
  `pName` must be a null-terminated UTF-8 string

The definition of PFN_vkVoidFunction is:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef void (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vkVoidFunction)(void);

This type is returned from command function pointer queries, and must be cast to an actual command function pointer before use.

#### 4.1.1. Extending Physical Device Core Functionality

New core physical-device-level functionality can be used when the physical-device version is greater than or equal to the version of Vulkan that added the new functionality. The Vulkan version supported by a physical device can be obtained by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties.

#### 4.1.2. Extending Physical Device From Device Extensions

When the ``VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2`` extension is enabled, or when both the instance and the physical-device versions are at least 1.1, physical-device-level functionality of a device extension can be used with a physical device if the corresponding extension is enumerated by vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties for that physical device, even before a logical device has been created.

To obtain a function pointer for a physical-device-level command from a device extension, an application can use vkGetInstanceProcAddr. This function pointer may point to dispatch code, which calls a different real implementation for different `VkPhysicalDevice` objects. Applications must not use a VkPhysicalDevice in any command added by an extension or core version that is not supported by that physical device.

Device extensions may define structures that can be added to the `pNext` chain of physical-device-level commands.

### 4.2. Instances

There is no global state in Vulkan and all per-application state is stored in a `VkInstance` object. Creating a `VkInstance` object initializes the Vulkan library and allows the application to pass information about itself to the implementation.

Instances are represented by `VkInstance` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VkInstance)

To query the version of instance-level functionality supported by the implementation, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VkResult vkEnumerateInstanceVersion(
        uint32_t*                                   pApiVersion);

- `pApiVersion` is a pointer to a `uint32_t`, which is the version of Vulkan supported by instance-level functionality, encoded as described in Version Numbers.

| Note The intended behaviour of vkEnumerateInstanceVersion is that an implementation should not need to perform memory allocations and should unconditionally return `VK_SUCCESS`. The loader, and any enabled layers, may return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY` in the case of a failed memory allocation.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkEnumerateInstanceVersion-pApiVersion-parameter
  `pApiVersion` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

To create an instance object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateInstance(
        const VkInstanceCreateInfo*                 pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkInstance*                                 pInstance);

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkInstanceCreateInfo structure controlling creation of the instance.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pInstance` points a VkInstance handle in which the resulting instance is returned.

`vkCreateInstance` verifies that the requested layers exist. If not, `vkCreateInstance` will return `VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT`. Next `vkCreateInstance` verifies that the requested extensions are supported (e.g. in the implementation or in any enabled instance layer) and if any requested extension is not supported, `vkCreateInstance` must return `VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT`. After verifying and enabling the instance layers and extensions the `VkInstance` object is created and returned to the application. If a requested extension is only supported by a layer, both the layer and the extension need to be specified at `vkCreateInstance` time for the creation to succeed.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateInstance-ppEnabledExtensionNames-01388
  All required extensions for each extension in the VkInstanceCreateInfo::`ppEnabledExtensionNames` list must also be present in that list

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateInstance-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkInstanceCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateInstance-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateInstance-pInstance-parameter
  `pInstance` must be a valid pointer to a VkInstance handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`

  - `VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT`

  - `VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT`

  - `VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER`

The `VkInstanceCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkInstanceCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkInstanceCreateFlags       flags;
        const VkApplicationInfo*    pApplicationInfo;
        uint32_t                    enabledLayerCount;
        const char* const*          ppEnabledLayerNames;
        uint32_t                    enabledExtensionCount;
        const char* const*          ppEnabledExtensionNames;
    } VkInstanceCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkInstanceCreateFlagBits indicating the behavior of the instance.

- `pApplicationInfo` is `NULL` or a pointer to a `VkApplicationInfo` structure. If not `NULL`, this information helps implementations recognize behavior inherent to classes of applications. VkApplicationInfo is defined in detail below.

- `enabledLayerCount` is the number of global layers to enable.

- `ppEnabledLayerNames` is a pointer to an array of `enabledLayerCount` null-terminated UTF-8 strings containing the names of layers to enable for the created instance. The layers are loaded in the order they are listed in this array, with the first array element being the closest to the application, and the last array element being the closest to the driver. See the Layers section for further details.

- `enabledExtensionCount` is the number of global extensions to enable.

- `ppEnabledExtensionNames` is a pointer to an array of `enabledExtensionCount` null-terminated UTF-8 strings containing the names of extensions to enable.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkInstanceCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkInstanceCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkInstanceCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkInstanceCreateInfo-pApplicationInfo-parameter
  If `pApplicationInfo` is not `NULL`, `pApplicationInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkApplicationInfo structure

- VUID-VkInstanceCreateInfo-ppEnabledLayerNames-parameter
  If `enabledLayerCount` is not `0`, `ppEnabledLayerNames` must be a valid pointer to an array of `enabledLayerCount` null-terminated UTF-8 strings

- VUID-VkInstanceCreateInfo-ppEnabledExtensionNames-parameter
  If `enabledExtensionCount` is not `0`, `ppEnabledExtensionNames` must be a valid pointer to an array of `enabledExtensionCount` null-terminated UTF-8 strings

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkInstanceCreateFlagBits {
    } VkInstanceCreateFlagBits;

All bits for this type are defined by extensions.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkInstanceCreateFlags;

`VkInstanceCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The `VkApplicationInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkApplicationInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        const char*        pApplicationName;
        uint32_t           applicationVersion;
        const char*        pEngineName;
        uint32_t           engineVersion;
        uint32_t           apiVersion;
    } VkApplicationInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `pApplicationName` is `NULL` or is a pointer to a null-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the application.

- `applicationVersion` is an unsigned integer variable containing the developer-supplied version number of the application.

- `pEngineName` is `NULL` or is a pointer to a null-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the engine (if any) used to create the application.

- `engineVersion` is an unsigned integer variable containing the developer-supplied version number of the engine used to create the application.

- `apiVersion` must be the highest version of Vulkan that the application is designed to use, encoded as described in Version Numbers. The patch version number specified in `apiVersion` is ignored when creating an instance object. Only the major and minor versions of the instance must match those requested in `apiVersion`.

Vulkan 1.0 implementations were required to return `VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER` if `apiVersion` was larger than 1.0. Implementations that support Vulkan 1.1 or later must not return `VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER` for any value of `apiVersion`.

| Note Because Vulkan 1.0 implementations may fail with `VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER`, applications should determine the version of Vulkan available before calling vkCreateInstance. If the vkGetInstanceProcAddr returns `NULL` for vkEnumerateInstanceVersion, it is a Vulkan 1.0 implementation. Otherwise, the application can call vkEnumerateInstanceVersion to determine the version of Vulkan.

As long as the instance supports at least Vulkan 1.1, an application can use different versions of Vulkan with an instance than it does with a device or physical device.

| Note The Khronos validation layers will treat `apiVersion` as the highest API version the application targets, and will validate API usage against the minimum of that version and the implementation version (instance or device, depending on context). If an application tries to use functionality from a greater version than this, a validation error will be triggered. For example, if the instance supports Vulkan 1.1 and three physical devices support Vulkan 1.0, Vulkan 1.1, and Vulkan 1.2, respectively, and if the application sets `apiVersion` to 1.2, the application can use the following versions of Vulkan: Vulkan 1.0 can be used with the instance and with all physical devices. Vulkan 1.1 can be used with the instance and with the physical devices that support Vulkan 1.1 and Vulkan 1.2. Vulkan 1.2 can be used with the physical device that supports Vulkan 1.2. If we modify the above example so that the application sets `apiVersion` to 1.1, then the application must not use Vulkan 1.2 functionality on the physical device that supports Vulkan 1.2.

Implicit layers must be disabled if they do not support a version at least as high as `apiVersion`. See the “Architecture of the Vulkan Loader Interfaces” document for additional information.

| Note Providing a `NULL` VkInstanceCreateInfo::`pApplicationInfo` or providing an `apiVersion` of 0 is equivalent to providing an `apiVersion` of `VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0,1,0,0)`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkApplicationInfo-apiVersion-04010
  If `apiVersion` is not `0`, then it must be greater than or equal to VK_API_VERSION_1_0

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkApplicationInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO`

- VUID-VkApplicationInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkApplicationInfo-pApplicationName-parameter
  If `pApplicationName` is not `NULL`, `pApplicationName` must be a null-terminated UTF-8 string

- VUID-VkApplicationInfo-pEngineName-parameter
  If `pEngineName` is not `NULL`, `pEngineName` must be a null-terminated UTF-8 string

To destroy an instance, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyInstance(
        VkInstance                                  instance,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `instance` is the handle of the instance to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyInstance-instance-00629
  All child objects created using `instance` must have been destroyed prior to destroying `instance`

- VUID-vkDestroyInstance-instance-00630
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `instance` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyInstance-instance-00631
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `instance` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyInstance-instance-parameter
  If `instance` is not `NULL`, `instance` must be a valid VkInstance handle

- VUID-vkDestroyInstance-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `instance` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to all `VkPhysicalDevice` objects enumerated from `instance` must be externally synchronized

## 5. Devices and Queues

Once Vulkan is initialized, devices and queues are the primary objects used to interact with a Vulkan implementation.

Vulkan separates the concept of physical and logical devices. A physical device usually represents a single complete implementation of Vulkan (excluding instance-level functionality) available to the host, of which there are a finite number. A logical device represents an instance of that implementation with its own state and resources independent of other logical devices.

Physical devices are represented by `VkPhysicalDevice` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VkPhysicalDevice)

### 5.1. Physical Devices

To retrieve a list of physical device objects representing the physical devices installed in the system, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(
        VkInstance                                  instance,
        uint32_t*                                   pPhysicalDeviceCount,
        VkPhysicalDevice*                           pPhysicalDevices);

- `instance` is a handle to a Vulkan instance previously created with vkCreateInstance.

- `pPhysicalDeviceCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of physical devices available or queried, as described below.

- `pPhysicalDevices` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of `VkPhysicalDevice` handles.

If `pPhysicalDevices` is `NULL`, then the number of physical devices available is returned in `pPhysicalDeviceCount`. Otherwise, `pPhysicalDeviceCount` must point to a variable set by the user to the number of elements in the `pPhysicalDevices` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of handles actually written to `pPhysicalDevices`. If `pPhysicalDeviceCount` is less than the number of physical devices available, at most `pPhysicalDeviceCount` structures will be written, and `VK_INCOMPLETE` will be returned instead of `VK_SUCCESS`, to indicate that not all the available physical devices were returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices-instance-parameter
  `instance` must be a valid VkInstance handle

- VUID-vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices-pPhysicalDeviceCount-parameter
  `pPhysicalDeviceCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices-pPhysicalDevices-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPhysicalDeviceCount` is not `0`, and `pPhysicalDevices` is not `NULL`, `pPhysicalDevices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPhysicalDeviceCount` VkPhysicalDevice handles

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_INCOMPLETE`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`

To query general properties of physical devices once enumerated, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties*                 pProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the handle to the physical device whose properties will be queried.

- `pProperties` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceProperties structure in which properties are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties-pProperties-parameter
  `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceProperties structure

The `VkPhysicalDeviceProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceProperties {
        uint32_t                            apiVersion;
        uint32_t                            driverVersion;
        uint32_t                            vendorID;
        uint32_t                            deviceID;
        VkPhysicalDeviceType                deviceType;
        char                                deviceName[VK_MAX_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_NAME_SIZE];
        uint8_t                             pipelineCacheUUID[VK_UUID_SIZE];
        VkPhysicalDeviceLimits              limits;
        VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties    sparseProperties;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceProperties;

- `apiVersion` is the version of Vulkan supported by the device, encoded as described in Version Numbers.

- `driverVersion` is the vendor-specified version of the driver.

- `vendorID` is a unique identifier for the vendor (see below) of the physical device.

- `deviceID` is a unique identifier for the physical device among devices available from the vendor.

- `deviceType` is a VkPhysicalDeviceType specifying the type of device.

- `deviceName` is an array of `VK_MAX_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_NAME_SIZE` `char` containing a null-terminated UTF-8 string which is the name of the device.

- `pipelineCacheUUID` is an array of `VK_UUID_SIZE` `uint8_t` values representing a universally unique identifier for the device.

- `limits` is the VkPhysicalDeviceLimits structure specifying device-specific limits of the physical device. See Limits for details.

- `sparseProperties` is the VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties structure specifying various sparse related properties of the physical device. See Sparse Properties for details.

| Note The value of `apiVersion` may be different than the version returned by vkEnumerateInstanceVersion; either higher or lower. In such cases, the application must not use functionality that exceeds the version of Vulkan associated with a given object. The `pApiVersion` parameter returned by vkEnumerateInstanceVersion is the version associated with a VkInstance and its children, except for a VkPhysicalDevice and its children. `VkPhysicalDeviceProperties`::`apiVersion` is the version associated with a VkPhysicalDevice and its children.

| Note The encoding of `driverVersion` is implementation-defined. It may not use the same encoding as `apiVersion`. Applications should follow information from the vendor on how to extract the version information from `driverVersion`.

On implementations that claim support for the Roadmap 2022 profile, the major and minor version expressed by `apiVersion` must be at least Vulkan 1.3.

The `vendorID` and `deviceID` fields are provided to allow applications to adapt to device characteristics that are not adequately exposed by other Vulkan queries.

| Note These may include performance profiles, hardware errata, or other characteristics.

The vendor identified by `vendorID` is the entity responsible for the most salient characteristics of the underlying implementation of the VkPhysicalDevice being queried.

| Note For example, in the case of a discrete GPU implementation, this should be the GPU chipset vendor. In the case of a hardware accelerator integrated into a system-on-chip (SoC), this should be the supplier of the silicon IP used to create the accelerator.

If the vendor has a PCI vendor ID, the low 16 bits of `vendorID` must contain that PCI vendor ID, and the remaining bits must be set to zero. Otherwise, the value returned must be a valid Khronos vendor ID, obtained as described in the Vulkan Documentation and Extensions: Procedures and Conventions document in the section “Registering a Vendor ID with Khronos”. Khronos vendor IDs are allocated starting at 0x10000, to distinguish them from the PCI vendor ID namespace. Khronos vendor IDs are symbolically defined in the VkVendorId type.

The vendor is also responsible for the value returned in `deviceID`. If the implementation is driven primarily by a PCI device with a PCI device ID, the low 16 bits of `deviceID` must contain that PCI device ID, and the remaining bits must be set to zero. Otherwise, the choice of what values to return may be dictated by operating system or platform policies - but should uniquely identify both the device version and any major configuration options (for example, core count in the case of multicore devices).

| Note The same device ID should be used for all physical implementations of that device version and configuration. For example, all uses of a specific silicon IP GPU version and configuration should use the same device ID, even if those uses occur in different SoCs.

Khronos vendor IDs which may be returned in VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`vendorID` are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkVendorId {
        VK_VENDOR_ID_VIV = 0x10001,
        VK_VENDOR_ID_VSI = 0x10002,
        VK_VENDOR_ID_KAZAN = 0x10003,
        VK_VENDOR_ID_CODEPLAY = 0x10004,
        VK_VENDOR_ID_MESA = 0x10005,
        VK_VENDOR_ID_POCL = 0x10006,
    } VkVendorId;

| Note Khronos vendor IDs may be allocated by vendors at any time. Only the latest canonical versions of this Specification, of the corresponding `vk.xml` API Registry, and of the corresponding `vulkan_core.h` header file must contain all reserved Khronos vendor IDs. Only Khronos vendor IDs are given symbolic names at present. PCI vendor IDs returned by the implementation can be looked up in the PCI-SIG database.

`VK_MAX_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_NAME_SIZE` is the length in `char` values of an array containing a physical device name string, as returned in VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::deviceName.

    #define VK_MAX_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_NAME_SIZE  256U

The physical device types which may be returned in VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`deviceType` are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkPhysicalDeviceType {
        VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_OTHER = 0,
        VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU = 1,
        VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU = 2,
        VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_VIRTUAL_GPU = 3,
        VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU = 4,
    } VkPhysicalDeviceType;

- `VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_OTHER` - the device does not match any other available types.

- `VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU` - the device is typically one embedded in or tightly coupled with the host.

- `VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU` - the device is typically a separate processor connected to the host via an interlink.

- `VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_VIRTUAL_GPU` - the device is typically a virtual node in a virtualization environment.

- `VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU` - the device is typically running on the same processors as the host.

The physical device type is advertised for informational purposes only, and does not directly affect the operation of the system. However, the device type may correlate with other advertised properties or capabilities of the system, such as how many memory heaps there are.

To query general properties of physical devices once enumerated, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2*                pProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the handle to the physical device whose properties will be queried.

- `pProperties` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure in which properties are returned.

Each structure in `pProperties` and its `pNext` chain contains members corresponding to implementation-dependent properties, behaviors, or limits. `vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2` fills in each member to specify the corresponding value for the implementation.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2-pProperties-parameter
  `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure

The `VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 {
        VkStructureType               sType;
        void*                         pNext;
        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties    properties;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `properties` is a VkPhysicalDeviceProperties structure describing properties of the physical device. This structure is written with the same values as if it were written by vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties.

The `pNext` chain of this structure is used to extend the structure with properties defined by extensions.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties, VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Properties, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties, or VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Properties

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

The `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        void*                      pNext;
        uint8_t                    deviceUUID[VK_UUID_SIZE];
        uint8_t                    driverUUID[VK_UUID_SIZE];
        uint8_t                    deviceLUID[VK_LUID_SIZE];
        uint32_t                   deviceNodeMask;
        VkBool32                   deviceLUIDValid;
        uint32_t                   subgroupSize;
        VkShaderStageFlags         subgroupSupportedStages;
        VkSubgroupFeatureFlags     subgroupSupportedOperations;
        VkBool32                   subgroupQuadOperationsInAllStages;
        VkPointClippingBehavior    pointClippingBehavior;
        uint32_t                   maxMultiviewViewCount;
        uint32_t                   maxMultiviewInstanceIndex;
        VkBool32                   protectedNoFault;
        uint32_t                   maxPerSetDescriptors;
        VkDeviceSize               maxMemoryAllocationSize;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `deviceUUID` is an array of `VK_UUID_SIZE` `uint8_t` values representing a universally unique identifier for the device.

- `driverUUID` is an array of `VK_UUID_SIZE` `uint8_t` values representing a universally unique identifier for the driver build in use by the device.

- `deviceLUID` is an array of `VK_LUID_SIZE` `uint8_t` values representing a locally unique identifier for the device.

- `deviceNodeMask` is a `uint32_t` bitfield identifying the node within a linked device adapter corresponding to the device.

- `deviceLUIDValid` is a boolean value that will be `VK_TRUE` if `deviceLUID` contains a valid LUID and `deviceNodeMask` contains a valid node mask, and `VK_FALSE` if they do not.

- `subgroupSize` is the default number of invocations in each subgroup. `subgroupSize` is at least 1 if any of the physical device’s queues support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`. `subgroupSize` is a power-of-two.

- `subgroupSupportedStages` is a bitfield of VkShaderStageFlagBits describing the shader stages that group operations with subgroup scope are supported in. `subgroupSupportedStages` will have the `VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT` bit set if any of the physical device’s queues support `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`.

- `subgroupSupportedOperations` is a bitmask of VkSubgroupFeatureFlagBits specifying the sets of group operations with subgroup scope supported on this device. `subgroupSupportedOperations` will have the `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT` bit set if any of the physical device’s queues support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`.

- `subgroupQuadOperationsInAllStages` is a boolean specifying whether quad group operations are available in all stages, or are restricted to fragment and compute stages.

- `pointClippingBehavior` is a VkPointClippingBehavior value specifying the point clipping behavior supported by the implementation.

- `maxMultiviewViewCount` is one greater than the maximum view index that can be used in a subpass.

- `maxMultiviewInstanceIndex` is the maximum valid value of instance index allowed to be generated by a drawing command recorded within a subpass of a multiview render pass instance.

- `protectedNoFault` specifies how an implementation behaves when an application attempts to write to unprotected memory in a protected queue operation, read from protected memory in an unprotected queue operation, or perform a query in a protected queue operation. If this limit is `VK_TRUE`, such writes will be discarded or have undefined values written, reads and queries will return undefined values. If this limit is `VK_FALSE`, applications must not perform these operations. See Protected Memory Access Rules for more information.

- `maxPerSetDescriptors` is a maximum number of descriptors (summed over all descriptor types) in a single descriptor set that is guaranteed to satisfy any implementation-dependent constraints on the size of a descriptor set itself. Applications can query whether a descriptor set that goes beyond this limit is supported using vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutSupport.

- `maxMemoryAllocationSize` is the maximum size of a memory allocation that can be created, even if there is more space available in the heap.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

These properties correspond to Vulkan 1.1 functionality.

The members of `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties` have the same values as the corresponding members of VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties, VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties, and VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties {
        VkStructureType                      sType;
        void*                                pNext;
        VkDriverId                           driverID;
        char                                 driverName[VK_MAX_DRIVER_NAME_SIZE];
        char                                 driverInfo[VK_MAX_DRIVER_INFO_SIZE];
        VkConformanceVersion                 conformanceVersion;
        VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence    denormBehaviorIndependence;
        VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence    roundingModeIndependence;
        VkBool32                             shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat16;
        VkBool32                             shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat32;
        VkBool32                             shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat64;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormPreserveFloat16;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormPreserveFloat32;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormPreserveFloat64;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat16;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat32;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat64;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat16;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat32;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat64;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat16;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat32;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat64;
        uint32_t                             maxUpdateAfterBindDescriptorsInAllPools;
        VkBool32                             shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative;
        VkBool32                             shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative;
        VkBool32                             shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative;
        VkBool32                             shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative;
        VkBool32                             shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexingNative;
        VkBool32                             robustBufferAccessUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32                             quadDivergentImplicitLod;
        uint32_t                             maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSamplers;
        uint32_t                             maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers;
        uint32_t                             maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers;
        uint32_t                             maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSampledImages;
        uint32_t                             maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageImages;
        uint32_t                             maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments;
        uint32_t                             maxPerStageUpdateAfterBindResources;
        uint32_t                             maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSamplers;
        uint32_t                             maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers;
        uint32_t                             maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffersDynamic;
        uint32_t                             maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers;
        uint32_t                             maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffersDynamic;
        uint32_t                             maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSampledImages;
        uint32_t                             maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageImages;
        uint32_t                             maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments;
        VkResolveModeFlags                   supportedDepthResolveModes;
        VkResolveModeFlags                   supportedStencilResolveModes;
        VkBool32                             independentResolveNone;
        VkBool32                             independentResolve;
        VkBool32                             filterMinmaxSingleComponentFormats;
        VkBool32                             filterMinmaxImageComponentMapping;
        uint64_t                             maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference;
        VkSampleCountFlags                   framebufferIntegerColorSampleCounts;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `driverID` is a unique identifier for the driver of the physical device.

- `driverName` is an array of `VK_MAX_DRIVER_NAME_SIZE` `char` containing a null-terminated UTF-8 string which is the name of the driver.

- `driverInfo` is an array of `VK_MAX_DRIVER_INFO_SIZE` `char` containing a null-terminated UTF-8 string with additional information about the driver.

- `conformanceVersion` is the version of the Vulkan conformance test this driver is conformant against (see VkConformanceVersion).

- `denormBehaviorIndependence` is a VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence value indicating whether, and how, denorm behavior can be set independently for different bit widths.

- `roundingModeIndependence` is a VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence value indicating whether, and how, rounding modes can be set independently for different bit widths.

- `shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat16` is a boolean value indicating whether sign of a zero, Nans and ±∞ can be preserved in 16-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` execution mode can be used for 16-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat32` is a boolean value indicating whether sign of a zero, Nans and ±∞ can be preserved in 32-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` execution mode can be used for 32-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat64` is a boolean value indicating whether sign of a zero, Nans and ±∞ can be preserved in 64-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` execution mode can be used for 64-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormPreserveFloat16` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be preserved in 16-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormPreserve` execution mode can be used for 16-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormPreserveFloat32` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be preserved in 32-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormPreserve` execution mode can be used for 32-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormPreserveFloat64` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be preserved in 64-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormPreserve` execution mode can be used for 64-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat16` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be flushed to zero in 16-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormFlushToZero` execution mode can be used for 16-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat32` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be flushed to zero in 32-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormFlushToZero` execution mode can be used for 32-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat64` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be flushed to zero in 64-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormFlushToZero` execution mode can be used for 64-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat16` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-to-nearest-even rounding mode for 16-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTE` execution mode can be used for 16-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat32` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-to-nearest-even rounding mode for 32-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTE` execution mode can be used for 32-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat64` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-to-nearest-even rounding mode for 64-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTE` execution mode can be used for 64-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat16` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-towards-zero rounding mode for 16-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTZ` execution mode can be used for 16-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat32` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-towards-zero rounding mode for 32-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTZ` execution mode can be used for 32-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat64` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-towards-zero rounding mode for 64-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTZ` execution mode can be used for 64-bit floating-point types.

- `maxUpdateAfterBindDescriptorsInAllPools` is the maximum number of descriptors (summed over all descriptor types) that can be created across all pools that are created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` bit set. Pool creation may fail when this limit is exceeded, or when the space this limit represents is unable to satisfy a pool creation due to fragmentation.

- `shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` is a boolean value indicating whether uniform buffer descriptors natively support nonuniform indexing. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then a single dynamic instance of an instruction that nonuniformly indexes an array of uniform buffers may execute multiple times in order to access all the descriptors.

- `shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` is a boolean value indicating whether sampler and image descriptors natively support nonuniform indexing. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then a single dynamic instance of an instruction that nonuniformly indexes an array of samplers or images may execute multiple times in order to access all the descriptors.

- `shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` is a boolean value indicating whether storage buffer descriptors natively support nonuniform indexing. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then a single dynamic instance of an instruction that nonuniformly indexes an array of storage buffers may execute multiple times in order to access all the descriptors.

- `shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` is a boolean value indicating whether storage image descriptors natively support nonuniform indexing. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then a single dynamic instance of an instruction that nonuniformly indexes an array of storage images may execute multiple times in order to access all the descriptors.

- `shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` is a boolean value indicating whether input attachment descriptors natively support nonuniform indexing. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then a single dynamic instance of an instruction that nonuniformly indexes an array of input attachments may execute multiple times in order to access all the descriptors.

- `robustBufferAccessUpdateAfterBind` is a boolean value indicating whether `robustBufferAccess` can be enabled in a device simultaneously with `descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind`, `descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind`, `descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind`, and/or `descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind`. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then either `robustBufferAccess` must be disabled or all of these update-after-bind features must be disabled.

- `quadDivergentImplicitLod` is a boolean value indicating whether implicit level of detail calculations for image operations have well-defined results when the image and/or sampler objects used for the instruction are not uniform within a quad. See Derivative Image Operations.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSamplers` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSampledImages` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageImages` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorInputAttachments` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageUpdateAfterBindResources` is similar to `maxPerStageResources` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSamplers` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetSamplers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffersDynamic` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffersDynamic` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set. While an application can allocate dynamic uniform buffer descriptors from a pool created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT`, bindings for these descriptors must not be present in any descriptor set layout that includes bindings created with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffersDynamic` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffersDynamic` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set. While an application can allocate dynamic storage buffer descriptors from a pool created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT`, bindings for these descriptors must not be present in any descriptor set layout that includes bindings created with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSampledImages` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetSampledImages` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageImages` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetStorageImages` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetInputAttachments` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `supportedDepthResolveModes` is a bitmask of VkResolveModeFlagBits indicating the set of supported depth resolve modes. `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_ZERO_BIT` must be included in the set but implementations may support additional modes.

- `supportedStencilResolveModes` is a bitmask of VkResolveModeFlagBits indicating the set of supported stencil resolve modes. `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_ZERO_BIT` must be included in the set but implementations may support additional modes. `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_AVERAGE_BIT` must not be included in the set.

- `independentResolveNone` is `VK_TRUE` if the implementation supports setting the depth and stencil resolve modes to different values when one of those modes is `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`. Otherwise the implementation only supports setting both modes to the same value.

- `independentResolve` is `VK_TRUE` if the implementation supports all combinations of the supported depth and stencil resolve modes, including setting either depth or stencil resolve mode to `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`. An implementation that supports `independentResolve` must also support `independentResolveNone`.

- `filterMinmaxSingleComponentFormats` is a boolean value indicating whether a minimum set of required formats support min/max filtering.

- `filterMinmaxImageComponentMapping` is a boolean value indicating whether the implementation supports non-identity component mapping of the image when doing min/max filtering.

- `maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference` indicates the maximum difference allowed by the implementation between the current value of a timeline semaphore and any pending signal or wait operations.

- `framebufferIntegerColorSampleCounts` is a bitmask of VkSampleCountFlagBits indicating the color sample counts that are supported for all framebuffer color attachments with integer formats.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

These properties correspond to Vulkan 1.2 functionality.

The members of `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties` must have the same values as the corresponding members of VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties, VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties, and VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Properties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Properties {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        void*                 pNext;
        uint32_t              minSubgroupSize;
        uint32_t              maxSubgroupSize;
        uint32_t              maxComputeWorkgroupSubgroups;
        VkShaderStageFlags    requiredSubgroupSizeStages;
        uint32_t              maxInlineUniformBlockSize;
        uint32_t              maxPerStageDescriptorInlineUniformBlocks;
        uint32_t              maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks;
        uint32_t              maxDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlocks;
        uint32_t              maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks;
        uint32_t              maxInlineUniformTotalSize;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct8BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct8BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct8BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct16BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct16BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct16BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct32BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct32BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct32BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct64BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct64BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProduct64BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32              integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkDeviceSize          storageTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes;
        VkBool32              storageTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment;
        VkDeviceSize          uniformTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes;
        VkBool32              uniformTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment;
        VkDeviceSize          maxBufferSize;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Properties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `minSubgroupSize` is the minimum subgroup size supported by this device. `minSubgroupSize` is at least one if any of the physical device’s queues support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`. `minSubgroupSize` is a power-of-two. `minSubgroupSize` is less than or equal to `maxSubgroupSize`. `minSubgroupSize` is less than or equal to subgroupSize.

- `maxSubgroupSize` is the maximum subgroup size supported by this device. `maxSubgroupSize` is at least one if any of the physical device’s queues support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`. `maxSubgroupSize` is a power-of-two. `maxSubgroupSize` is greater than or equal to `minSubgroupSize`. `maxSubgroupSize` is greater than or equal to subgroupSize.

- `maxComputeWorkgroupSubgroups` is the maximum number of subgroups supported by the implementation within a workgroup.

- `requiredSubgroupSizeStages` is a bitfield of what shader stages support having a required subgroup size specified.

- `maxInlineUniformBlockSize` is the maximum size in bytes of an inline uniform block binding.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorInlineUniformBlock` is the maximum number of inline uniform block bindings that can be accessible to a single shader stage in a pipeline layout. Descriptor bindings with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` count against this limit. Only descriptor bindings in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorInlineUniformBlocks` but counts descriptor bindings from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlocks` is the maximum number of inline uniform block bindings that can be included in descriptor bindings in a pipeline layout across all pipeline shader stages and descriptor set numbers. Descriptor bindings with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` count against this limit. Only descriptor bindings in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlocks` but counts descriptor bindings from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxInlineUniformTotalSize` is the maximum total size in bytes of all inline uniform block bindings, across all pipeline shader stages and descriptor set numbers, that can be included in a pipeline layout. Descriptor bindings with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` count against this limit.

- `integerDotProduct8BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit unsigned dot product operations using the `OpUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct8BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit signed dot product operations using the `OpSDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct8BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit mixed signedness dot product operations using the `OpSUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit unsigned dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit signed dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpSDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit mixed signedness dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpSUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct16BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit unsigned dot product operations using the `OpUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct16BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit signed dot product operations using the `OpSDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct16BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit mixed signedness dot product operations using the `OpSUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct32BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit unsigned dot product operations using the `OpUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct32BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit signed dot product operations using the `OpSDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct32BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit mixed signedness dot product operations using the `OpSUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct64BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit unsigned dot product operations using the `OpUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct64BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit signed dot product operations using the `OpSDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct64BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit mixed signedness dot product operations using the `OpSUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit unsigned accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit signed accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit mixed signedness accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit unsigned accumulating saturating dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit signed accumulating saturating dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpSDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit mixed signedness accumulating saturating dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpSUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit unsigned accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit signed accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit mixed signedness accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit unsigned accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit signed accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit mixed signedness accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit unsigned accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit signed accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit mixed signedness accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `storageTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes` is a byte alignment that is sufficient for a storage texel buffer of any format. The value must be a power of two.

- `storageTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment` indicates whether single texel alignment is sufficient for a storage texel buffer of any format. The value must be a power of two.

- `uniformTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes` is a byte alignment that is sufficient for a uniform texel buffer of any format. The value must be a power of two.

- `uniformTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment` indicates whether single texel alignment is sufficient for a uniform texel buffer of any format. The value must be a power of two.

- `maxBufferSize` is the maximum size `VkBuffer` that can be created.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Properties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

These properties correspond to Vulkan 1.3 functionality.

The members of `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Properties` must have the same values as the corresponding members of VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties and VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlProperties.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Properties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint8_t            deviceUUID[VK_UUID_SIZE];
        uint8_t            driverUUID[VK_UUID_SIZE];
        uint8_t            deviceLUID[VK_LUID_SIZE];
        uint32_t           deviceNodeMask;
        VkBool32           deviceLUIDValid;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `deviceUUID` is an array of `VK_UUID_SIZE` `uint8_t` values representing a universally unique identifier for the device.

- `driverUUID` is an array of `VK_UUID_SIZE` `uint8_t` values representing a universally unique identifier for the driver build in use by the device.

- `deviceLUID` is an array of `VK_LUID_SIZE` `uint8_t` values representing a locally unique identifier for the device.

- `deviceNodeMask` is a `uint32_t` bitfield identifying the node within a linked device adapter corresponding to the device.

- `deviceLUIDValid` is a boolean value that will be `VK_TRUE` if `deviceLUID` contains a valid LUID and `deviceNodeMask` contains a valid node mask, and `VK_FALSE` if they do not.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

`deviceUUID` must be immutable for a given device across instances, processes, driver APIs, driver versions, and system reboots.

Applications can compare the `driverUUID` value across instance and process boundaries, and can make similar queries in external APIs to determine whether they are capable of sharing memory objects and resources using them with the device.

`deviceUUID` and/or `driverUUID` must be used to determine whether a particular external object can be shared between driver components, where such a restriction exists as defined in the compatibility table for the particular object type:

- External memory handle types compatibility

- External semaphore handle types compatibility

- External fence handle types compatibility

If `deviceLUIDValid` is `VK_FALSE`, the values of `deviceLUID` and `deviceNodeMask` are undefined. If `deviceLUIDValid` is `VK_TRUE` and Vulkan is running on the Windows operating system, the contents of `deviceLUID` can be cast to an `LUID` object and must be equal to the locally unique identifier of a `IDXGIAdapter1` object that corresponds to `physicalDevice`. If `deviceLUIDValid` is `VK_TRUE`, `deviceNodeMask` must contain exactly one bit. If Vulkan is running on an operating system that supports the Direct3D 12 API and `physicalDevice` corresponds to an individual device in a linked device adapter, `deviceNodeMask` identifies the Direct3D 12 node corresponding to `physicalDevice`. Otherwise, `deviceNodeMask` must be `1`.

| Note Although they have identical descriptions, VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties::`deviceUUID` may differ from VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2::`pipelineCacheUUID`. The former is intended to identify and correlate devices across API and driver boundaries, while the latter is used to identify a compatible device and driver combination to use when serializing and de-serializing pipeline state. Implementations should return `deviceUUID` values which are likely to be unique even in the presence of multiple Vulkan implementations (such as a GPU driver and a software renderer; two drivers for different GPUs; or the same Vulkan driver running on two logically different devices). Khronos' conformance testing can not guarantee that `deviceUUID` values are actually unique, so implementors should make their own best efforts to ensure this. In particular, hard-coded `deviceUUID` values, especially all-`0` bits, should never be used. A combination of values unique to the vendor, the driver, and the hardware environment can be used to provide a `deviceUUID` which is unique to a high degree of certainty. Some possible inputs to such a computation are: Information reported by vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties PCI device ID (if defined) PCI bus ID, or similar system configuration information. Driver binary checksums.

| Note While VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties::`deviceUUID` is specified to remain consistent across driver versions and system reboots, it is not intended to be usable as a serializable persistent identifier for a device. It may change when a device is physically added to, removed from, or moved to a different connector in a system while that system is powered down. Further, there is no reasonable way to verify with conformance testing that a given device retains the same UUID in a given system across all driver versions supported in that system. While implementations should make every effort to report consistent device UUIDs across driver versions, applications should avoid relying on the persistence of this value for uses other than identifying compatible devices for external object sharing purposes.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_ID_PROPERTIES`

`VK_UUID_SIZE` is the length in `uint8_t` values of an array containing a universally unique device or driver build identifier, as returned in VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties::deviceUUID and VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties::driverUUID.

    #define VK_UUID_SIZE                      16U

`VK_LUID_SIZE` is the length in `uint8_t` values of an array containing a locally unique device identifier, as returned in VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties::deviceLUID.

    #define VK_LUID_SIZE                      8U

The `VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties {
        VkStructureType         sType;
        void*                   pNext;
        VkDriverId              driverID;
        char                    driverName[VK_MAX_DRIVER_NAME_SIZE];
        char                    driverInfo[VK_MAX_DRIVER_INFO_SIZE];
        VkConformanceVersion    conformanceVersion;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `driverID` is a unique identifier for the driver of the physical device.

- `driverName` is an array of `VK_MAX_DRIVER_NAME_SIZE` `char` containing a null-terminated UTF-8 string which is the name of the driver.

- `driverInfo` is an array of `VK_MAX_DRIVER_INFO_SIZE` `char` containing a null-terminated UTF-8 string with additional information about the driver.

- `conformanceVersion` is the version of the Vulkan conformance test this driver is conformant against (see VkConformanceVersion).

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

These are properties of the driver corresponding to a physical device.

`driverID` must be immutable for a given driver across instances, processes, driver versions, and system reboots.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DRIVER_PROPERTIES`

Khronos driver IDs which may be returned in VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties::`driverID` are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef enum VkDriverId {
        VK_DRIVER_ID_AMD_PROPRIETARY = 1,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_AMD_OPEN_SOURCE = 2,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_RADV = 3,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_NVIDIA_PROPRIETARY = 4,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_INTEL_PROPRIETARY_WINDOWS = 5,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_INTEL_OPEN_SOURCE_MESA = 6,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_IMAGINATION_PROPRIETARY = 7,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_QUALCOMM_PROPRIETARY = 8,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_ARM_PROPRIETARY = 9,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_GOOGLE_SWIFTSHADER = 10,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_GGP_PROPRIETARY = 11,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_BROADCOM_PROPRIETARY = 12,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_LLVMPIPE = 13,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_MOLTENVK = 14,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_COREAVI_PROPRIETARY = 15,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_JUICE_PROPRIETARY = 16,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_VERISILICON_PROPRIETARY = 17,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_TURNIP = 18,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_V3DV = 19,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_PANVK = 20,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_SAMSUNG_PROPRIETARY = 21,
        VK_DRIVER_ID_MESA_VENUS = 22,
    } VkDriverId;

| Note Khronos driver IDs may be allocated by vendors at any time. There may be multiple driver IDs for the same vendor, representing different drivers (for e.g. different platforms, proprietary or open source, etc.). Only the latest canonical versions of this Specification, of the corresponding `vk.xml` API Registry, and of the corresponding `vulkan_core.h` header file must contain all reserved Khronos driver IDs. Only driver IDs registered with Khronos are given symbolic names. There may be unregistered driver IDs returned.

`VK_MAX_DRIVER_NAME_SIZE` is the length in `char` values of an array containing a driver name string, as returned in VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties::driverName.

    #define VK_MAX_DRIVER_NAME_SIZE           256U

`VK_MAX_DRIVER_INFO_SIZE` is the length in `char` values of an array containing a driver information string, as returned in VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties::driverInfo.

    #define VK_MAX_DRIVER_INFO_SIZE           256U

The conformance test suite version an implementation is compliant with is described with the `VkConformanceVersion` structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkConformanceVersion {
        uint8_t    major;
        uint8_t    minor;
        uint8_t    subminor;
        uint8_t    patch;
    } VkConformanceVersion;

- `major` is the major version number of the conformance test suite.

- `minor` is the minor version number of the conformance test suite.

- `subminor` is the subminor version number of the conformance test suite.

- `patch` is the patch version number of the conformance test suite.

The `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductProperties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct8BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct8BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct8BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct16BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct16BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct16BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct32BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct32BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct32BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct64BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct64BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProduct64BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitUnsignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitSignedAccelerated;
        VkBool32           integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitMixedSignednessAccelerated;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `integerDotProduct8BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit unsigned dot product operations using the `OpUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct8BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit signed dot product operations using the `OpSDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct8BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit mixed signedness dot product operations using the `OpSUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit unsigned dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit signed dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpSDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct4x8BitPackedMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit mixed signedness dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpSUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct16BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit unsigned dot product operations using the `OpUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct16BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit signed dot product operations using the `OpSDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct16BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit mixed signedness dot product operations using the `OpSUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct32BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit unsigned dot product operations using the `OpUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct32BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit signed dot product operations using the `OpSDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct32BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit mixed signedness dot product operations using the `OpSUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct64BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit unsigned dot product operations using the `OpUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct64BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit signed dot product operations using the `OpSDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProduct64BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit mixed signedness dot product operations using the `OpSUDotKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit unsigned accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit signed accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating8BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit mixed signedness accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit unsigned accumulating saturating dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit signed accumulating saturating dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpSDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating4x8BitPackedMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 8-bit mixed signedness accumulating saturating dot product operations from operands packed into 32-bit integers using the `OpSUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit unsigned accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit signed accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating16BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 16-bit mixed signedness accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit unsigned accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit signed accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating32BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 32-bit mixed signedness accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitUnsignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit unsigned accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitSignedAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit signed accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

- `integerDotProductAccumulatingSaturating64BitMixedSignednessAccelerated` is a boolean that will be `VK_TRUE` if the support for 64-bit mixed signedness accumulating saturating dot product operations using the `OpSUDotAccSatKHR` SPIR-V instruction is accelerated as defined below.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

These are properties of the integer dot product acceleration information of a physical device.

| Note A dot product operation is deemed accelerated if its implementation provides a performance advantage over application-provided code composed from elementary instructions and/or other dot product instructions, either because the implementation uses optimized machine code sequences whose generation from application-provided code cannot be guaranteed or because it uses hardware features that cannot otherwise be targeted from application-provided code.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_INTEGER_DOT_PRODUCT_PROPERTIES`

To query properties of queues available on a physical device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        uint32_t*                                   pQueueFamilyPropertyCount,
        VkQueueFamilyProperties*                    pQueueFamilyProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the handle to the physical device whose properties will be queried.

- `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of queue families available or queried, as described below.

- `pQueueFamilyProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkQueueFamilyProperties structures.

If `pQueueFamilyProperties` is `NULL`, then the number of queue families available is returned in `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount`. Implementations must support at least one queue family. Otherwise, `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` must point to a variable set by the user to the number of elements in the `pQueueFamilyProperties` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to `pQueueFamilyProperties`. If `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` is less than the number of queue families available, at most `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` structures will be written.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties-pQueueFamilyPropertyCount-parameter
  `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties-pQueueFamilyProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` is not `0`, and `pQueueFamilyProperties` is not `NULL`, `pQueueFamilyProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` VkQueueFamilyProperties structures

The `VkQueueFamilyProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkQueueFamilyProperties {
        VkQueueFlags    queueFlags;
        uint32_t        queueCount;
        uint32_t        timestampValidBits;
        VkExtent3D      minImageTransferGranularity;
    } VkQueueFamilyProperties;

- `queueFlags` is a bitmask of VkQueueFlagBits indicating capabilities of the queues in this queue family.

- `queueCount` is the unsigned integer count of queues in this queue family. Each queue family must support at least one queue.

- `timestampValidBits` is the unsigned integer count of meaningful bits in the timestamps written via vkCmdWriteTimestamp2 or vkCmdWriteTimestamp. The valid range for the count is 36..64 bits, or a value of 0, indicating no support for timestamps. Bits outside the valid range are guaranteed to be zeros.

- `minImageTransferGranularity` is the minimum granularity supported for image transfer operations on the queues in this queue family.

The value returned in `minImageTransferGranularity` has a unit of compressed texel blocks for images having a block-compressed format, and a unit of texels otherwise.

Possible values of `minImageTransferGranularity` are:

- (0,0,0) specifies that only whole mip levels must be transferred using the image transfer operations on the corresponding queues. In this case, the following restrictions apply to all offset and extent parameters of image transfer operations:

  - The `x`, `y`, and `z` members of a VkOffset3D parameter must always be zero.

  - The `width`, `height`, and `depth` members of a VkExtent3D parameter must always match the width, height, and depth of the image subresource corresponding to the parameter, respectively.

- (Ax, Ay, Az) where Ax, Ay, and Az are all integer powers of two. In this case the following restrictions apply to all image transfer operations:

  - `x`, `y`, and `z` of a VkOffset3D parameter must be integer multiples of Ax, Ay, and Az, respectively.

  - `width` of a VkExtent3D parameter must be an integer multiple of Ax, or else `x` + `width` must equal the width of the image subresource corresponding to the parameter.

  - `height` of a VkExtent3D parameter must be an integer multiple of Ay, or else `y` + `height` must equal the height of the image subresource corresponding to the parameter.

  - `depth` of a VkExtent3D parameter must be an integer multiple of Az, or else `z` + `depth` must equal the depth of the image subresource corresponding to the parameter.

  - If the format of the image corresponding to the parameters is one of the block-compressed formats then for the purposes of the above calculations the granularity must be scaled up by the compressed texel block dimensions.

Queues supporting graphics and/or compute operations must report (1,1,1) in `minImageTransferGranularity`, meaning that there are no additional restrictions on the granularity of image transfer operations for these queues. Other queues supporting image transfer operations are only required to support whole mip level transfers, thus `minImageTransferGranularity` for queues belonging to such queue families may be (0,0,0).

The Device Memory section describes memory properties queried from the physical device.

For physical device feature queries see the Features chapter.

Bits which may be set in VkQueueFamilyProperties::`queueFlags`, indicating capabilities of queues in a queue family are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkQueueFlagBits {
        VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_QUEUE_TRANSFER_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT = 0x00000008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_QUEUE_PROTECTED_BIT = 0x00000010,
    } VkQueueFlagBits;

- `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` specifies that queues in this queue family support graphics operations.

- `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT` specifies that queues in this queue family support compute operations.

- `VK_QUEUE_TRANSFER_BIT` specifies that queues in this queue family support transfer operations.

- `VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` specifies that queues in this queue family support sparse memory management operations (see Sparse Resources). If any of the sparse resource features are enabled, then at least one queue family must support this bit.

- `VK_QUEUE_PROTECTED_BIT` specifies that queues in this queue family support the `VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit. (see Protected Memory). If the physical device supports the `protectedMemory` feature, at least one of its queue families must support this bit.

If an implementation exposes any queue family that supports graphics operations, at least one queue family of at least one physical device exposed by the implementation must support both graphics and compute operations.

Furthermore, if the protected memory physical device feature is supported, then at least one queue family of at least one physical device exposed by the implementation must support graphics operations, compute operations, and protected memory operations.

| Note All commands that are allowed on a queue that supports transfer operations are also allowed on a queue that supports either graphics or compute operations. Thus, if the capabilities of a queue family include `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`, then reporting the `VK_QUEUE_TRANSFER_BIT` capability separately for that queue family is optional.

For further details see Queues.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkQueueFlags;

`VkQueueFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkQueueFlagBits.

To query properties of queues available on a physical device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        uint32_t*                                   pQueueFamilyPropertyCount,
        VkQueueFamilyProperties2*                   pQueueFamilyProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the handle to the physical device whose properties will be queried.

- `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of queue families available or queried, as described in vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties.

- `pQueueFamilyProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkQueueFamilyProperties2 structures.

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2` behaves similarly to vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties, with the ability to return extended information in a `pNext` chain of output structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2-pQueueFamilyPropertyCount-parameter
  `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2-pQueueFamilyProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` is not `0`, and `pQueueFamilyProperties` is not `NULL`, `pQueueFamilyProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` VkQueueFamilyProperties2 structures

The `VkQueueFamilyProperties2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkQueueFamilyProperties2 {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        void*                      pNext;
        VkQueueFamilyProperties    queueFamilyProperties;
    } VkQueueFamilyProperties2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `queueFamilyProperties` is a VkQueueFamilyProperties structure which is populated with the same values as in vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkQueueFamilyProperties2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUEUE_FAMILY_PROPERTIES_2`

- VUID-VkQueueFamilyProperties2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

### 5.2. Devices

Device objects represent logical connections to physical devices. Each device exposes a number of queue families each having one or more queues. All queues in a queue family support the same operations.

As described in Physical Devices, a Vulkan application will first query for all physical devices in a system. Each physical device can then be queried for its capabilities, including its queue and queue family properties. Once an acceptable physical device is identified, an application will create a corresponding logical device. The created logical device is then the primary interface to the physical device.

How to enumerate the physical devices in a system and query those physical devices for their queue family properties is described in the Physical Device Enumeration section above.

A single logical device can be created from multiple physical devices, if those physical devices belong to the same device group. A device group is a set of physical devices that support accessing each other’s memory and recording a single command buffer that can be executed on all the physical devices. Device groups are enumerated by calling vkEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups, and a logical device is created from a subset of the physical devices in a device group by passing the physical devices through VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo. For two physical devices to be in the same device group, they must support identical extensions, features, and properties.

| Note Physical devices in the same device group must be so similar because there are no rules for how different features/properties would interact. They must return the same values for nearly every invariant `vkGetPhysicalDevice*` feature, property, capability, etc., but could potentially differ for certain queries based on things like having a different display connected, or a different compositor. The specification does not attempt to enumerate which state is in each category, because such a list would quickly become out of date.

To retrieve a list of the device groups present in the system, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VkResult vkEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups(
        VkInstance                                  instance,
        uint32_t*                                   pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount,
        VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties*            pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties);

- `instance` is a handle to a Vulkan instance previously created with vkCreateInstance.

- `pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of device groups available or queried, as described below.

- `pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties structures.

If `pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties` is `NULL`, then the number of device groups available is returned in `pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount`. Otherwise, `pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount` must point to a variable set by the user to the number of elements in the `pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to `pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties`. If `pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount` is less than the number of device groups available, at most `pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount` structures will be written, and `VK_INCOMPLETE` will be returned instead of `VK_SUCCESS`, to indicate that not all the available device groups were returned.

Every physical device must be in exactly one device group.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups-instance-parameter
  `instance` must be a valid VkInstance handle

- VUID-vkEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups-pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount-parameter
  `pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups-pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount` is not `0`, and `pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties` is not `NULL`, `pPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPhysicalDeviceGroupCount` VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties structures

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_INCOMPLETE`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties {
        VkStructureType     sType;
        void*               pNext;
        uint32_t            physicalDeviceCount;
        VkPhysicalDevice    physicalDevices[VK_MAX_DEVICE_GROUP_SIZE];
        VkBool32            subsetAllocation;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `physicalDeviceCount` is the number of physical devices in the group.

- `physicalDevices` is an array of `VK_MAX_DEVICE_GROUP_SIZE` VkPhysicalDevice handles representing all physical devices in the group. The first `physicalDeviceCount` elements of the array will be valid.

- `subsetAllocation` specifies whether logical devices created from the group support allocating device memory on a subset of devices, via the `deviceMask` member of the VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then all device memory allocations are made across all physical devices in the group. If `physicalDeviceCount` is `1`, then `subsetAllocation` must be `VK_FALSE`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_GROUP_PROPERTIES`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

`VK_MAX_DEVICE_GROUP_SIZE` is the length of an array containing VkPhysicalDevice handle values representing all physical devices in a group, as returned in VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties::physicalDevices.

    #define VK_MAX_DEVICE_GROUP_SIZE          32U

#### 5.2.1. Device Creation

Logical devices are represented by `VkDevice` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VkDevice)

A logical device is created as a connection to a physical device. To create a logical device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateDevice(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        const VkDeviceCreateInfo*                   pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkDevice*                                   pDevice);

- `physicalDevice` must be one of the device handles returned from a call to `vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices` (see Physical Device Enumeration).

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkDeviceCreateInfo structure containing information about how to create the device.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pDevice` is a pointer to a handle in which the created VkDevice is returned.

`vkCreateDevice` verifies that extensions and features requested in the `ppEnabledExtensionNames` and `pEnabledFeatures` members of `pCreateInfo`, respectively, are supported by the implementation. If any requested extension is not supported, `vkCreateDevice` must return `VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT`. If any requested feature is not supported, `vkCreateDevice` must return `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT`. Support for extensions can be checked before creating a device by querying vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties. Support for features can similarly be checked by querying vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures.

After verifying and enabling the extensions the `VkDevice` object is created and returned to the application.

Multiple logical devices can be created from the same physical device. Logical device creation may fail due to lack of device-specific resources (in addition to other errors). If that occurs, `vkCreateDevice` will return `VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateDevice-ppEnabledExtensionNames-01387
  All required device extensions for each extension in the VkDeviceCreateInfo::`ppEnabledExtensionNames` list must also be present in that list

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateDevice-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateDevice-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDeviceCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateDevice-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateDevice-pDevice-parameter
  `pDevice` must be a valid pointer to a VkDevice handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`

  - `VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT`

  - `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT`

  - `VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

The `VkDeviceCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDeviceCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        const void*                        pNext;
        VkDeviceCreateFlags                flags;
        uint32_t                           queueCreateInfoCount;
        const VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo*     pQueueCreateInfos;
        uint32_t                           enabledLayerCount;
        const char* const*                 ppEnabledLayerNames;
        uint32_t                           enabledExtensionCount;
        const char* const*                 ppEnabledExtensionNames;
        const VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures*    pEnabledFeatures;
    } VkDeviceCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `queueCreateInfoCount` is the unsigned integer size of the `pQueueCreateInfos` array. Refer to the Queue Creation section below for further details.

- `pQueueCreateInfos` is a pointer to an array of VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo structures describing the queues that are requested to be created along with the logical device. Refer to the Queue Creation section below for further details.

- `enabledLayerCount` is deprecated and ignored.

- `ppEnabledLayerNames` is deprecated and ignored. See Device Layer Deprecation.

- `enabledExtensionCount` is the number of device extensions to enable.

- `ppEnabledExtensionNames` is a pointer to an array of `enabledExtensionCount` null-terminated UTF-8 strings containing the names of extensions to enable for the created device. See the Extensions section for further details.

- `pEnabledFeatures` is `NULL` or a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures structure containing boolean indicators of all the features to be enabled. Refer to the Features section for further details.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-queueFamilyIndex-02802
  The `queueFamilyIndex` member of each element of `pQueueCreateInfos` must be unique within `pQueueCreateInfos`, except that two members can share the same `queueFamilyIndex` if one is a protected-capable queue and one is not a protected-capable queue

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-pNext-00373
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure, then `pEnabledFeatures` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-pNext-02829
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features structure, then it must not include a VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures, or VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures structure

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-pNext-02830
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features structure, then it must not include a VkPhysicalDevice8BitStorageFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderAtomicInt64Features, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8Features, VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceScalarBlockLayoutFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceImagelessFramebufferFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceUniformBufferStandardLayoutFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSubgroupExtendedTypesFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceSeparateDepthStencilLayoutsFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceHostQueryResetFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures, or VkPhysicalDeviceVulkanMemoryModelFeatures structure

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-pNext-06532
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features structure, then it must not include a VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceImageRobustnessFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Features, VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures, VkPhysicalDevicePrivateDataFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDemoteToHelperInvocationFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderTerminateInvocationFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceSynchronization2Features, VkPhysicalDeviceTextureCompressionASTCHDRFeatures, or VkPhysicalDeviceZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemoryFeatures structure

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo, VkDevicePrivateDataCreateInfo, VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures, VkPhysicalDevice8BitStorageFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, VkPhysicalDeviceHostQueryResetFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceImageRobustnessFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceImagelessFramebufferFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Features, VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures, VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures, VkPhysicalDevicePrivateDataFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceScalarBlockLayoutFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceSeparateDepthStencilLayoutsFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderAtomicInt64Features, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDemoteToHelperInvocationFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8Features, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSubgroupExtendedTypesFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceShaderTerminateInvocationFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceSynchronization2Features, VkPhysicalDeviceTextureCompressionASTCHDRFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceUniformBufferStandardLayoutFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features, VkPhysicalDeviceVulkanMemoryModelFeatures, or VkPhysicalDeviceZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemoryFeatures

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique, with the exception of structures of type VkDevicePrivateDataCreateInfo

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-pQueueCreateInfos-parameter
  `pQueueCreateInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `queueCreateInfoCount` valid VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo structures

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-ppEnabledLayerNames-parameter
  If `enabledLayerCount` is not `0`, `ppEnabledLayerNames` must be a valid pointer to an array of `enabledLayerCount` null-terminated UTF-8 strings

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-ppEnabledExtensionNames-parameter
  If `enabledExtensionCount` is not `0`, `ppEnabledExtensionNames` must be a valid pointer to an array of `enabledExtensionCount` null-terminated UTF-8 strings

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-pEnabledFeatures-parameter
  If `pEnabledFeatures` is not `NULL`, `pEnabledFeatures` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures structure

- VUID-VkDeviceCreateInfo-queueCreateInfoCount-arraylength
  `queueCreateInfoCount` must be greater than `0`

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkDeviceCreateFlags;

`VkDeviceCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

A logical device can be created that connects to one or more physical devices by adding a `VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo` structure to the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo. The `VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        const void*                pNext;
        uint32_t                   physicalDeviceCount;
        const VkPhysicalDevice*    pPhysicalDevices;
    } VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `physicalDeviceCount` is the number of elements in the `pPhysicalDevices` array.

- `pPhysicalDevices` is a pointer to an array of physical device handles belonging to the same device group.

The elements of the `pPhysicalDevices` array are an ordered list of the physical devices that the logical device represents. These must be a subset of a single device group, and need not be in the same order as they were enumerated. The order of the physical devices in the `pPhysicalDevices` array determines the device index of each physical device, with element i being assigned a device index of i. Certain commands and structures refer to one or more physical devices by using device indices or device masks formed using device indices.

A logical device created without using `VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo`, or with `physicalDeviceCount` equal to zero, is equivalent to a `physicalDeviceCount` of one and `pPhysicalDevices` pointing to the `physicalDevice` parameter to vkCreateDevice. In particular, the device index of that physical device is zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo-pPhysicalDevices-00375
  Each element of `pPhysicalDevices` must be unique

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo-pPhysicalDevices-00376
  All elements of `pPhysicalDevices` must be in the same device group as enumerated by vkEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo-physicalDeviceCount-00377
  If `physicalDeviceCount` is not `0`, the `physicalDevice` parameter of vkCreateDevice must be an element of `pPhysicalDevices`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo-pPhysicalDevices-parameter
  If `physicalDeviceCount` is not `0`, `pPhysicalDevices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `physicalDeviceCount` valid VkPhysicalDevice handles

To reserve private data storage slots, add a VkDevicePrivateDataCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkDeviceCreateInfo structure. Reserving slots in this manner is not strictly necessary, but doing so may improve performance.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkDevicePrivateDataCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           privateDataSlotRequestCount;
    } VkDevicePrivateDataCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `privateDataSlotRequestCount` is the amount of slots to reserve.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDevicePrivateDataCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_PRIVATE_DATA_CREATE_INFO`

#### 5.2.2. Device Use

The following is a high-level list of `VkDevice` uses along with references on where to find more information:

- Creation of queues. See the Queues section below for further details.

- Creation and tracking of various synchronization constructs. See Synchronization and Cache Control for further details.

- Allocating, freeing, and managing memory. See Memory Allocation and Resource Creation for further details.

- Creation and destruction of command buffers and command buffer pools. See Command Buffers for further details.

- Creation, destruction, and management of graphics state. See Pipelines and Resource Descriptors, among others, for further details.

#### 5.2.3. Lost Device

A logical device may become lost for a number of implementation-specific reasons, indicating that pending and future command execution may fail and cause resources and backing memory to become undefined.

| Note Typical reasons for device loss will include things like execution timing out (to prevent denial of service), power management events, platform resource management, implementation errors. Applications not adhering to valid usage may also result in device loss being reported, however this is not guaranteed. Even if device loss is reported, the system may be in an unrecoverable state, and further usage of the API is still considered invalid.

When this happens, certain commands will return `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`. After any such event, the logical device is considered lost. It is not possible to reset the logical device to a non-lost state, however the lost state is specific to a logical device (`VkDevice`), and the corresponding physical device (`VkPhysicalDevice`) may be otherwise unaffected.

In some cases, the physical device may also be lost, and attempting to create a new logical device will fail, returning `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`. This is usually indicative of a problem with the underlying implementation, or its connection to the host. If the physical device has not been lost, and a new logical device is successfully created from that physical device, it must be in the non-lost state.

| Note Whilst logical device loss may be recoverable, in the case of physical device loss, it is unlikely that an application will be able to recover unless additional, unaffected physical devices exist on the system. The error is largely informational and intended only to inform the user that a platform issue has occurred, and should be investigated further. For example, underlying hardware may have developed a fault or become physically disconnected from the rest of the system. In many cases, physical device loss may cause other more serious issues such as the operating system crashing; in which case it may not be reported via the Vulkan API.

When a device is lost, its child objects are not implicitly destroyed and their handles are still valid. Those objects must still be destroyed before their parents or the device can be destroyed (see the Object Lifetime section). The host address space corresponding to device memory mapped using vkMapMemory is still valid, and host memory accesses to these mapped regions are still valid, but the contents are undefined. It is still legal to call any API command on the device and child objects.

Once a device is lost, command execution may fail, and commands that return a VkResult may return `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`. Commands that do not allow runtime errors must still operate correctly for valid usage and, if applicable, return valid data.

Commands that wait indefinitely for device execution (namely vkDeviceWaitIdle, vkQueueWaitIdle, vkWaitForFences with a maximum `timeout`, and vkGetQueryPoolResults with the `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` bit set in `flags`) must return in finite time even in the case of a lost device, and return either `VK_SUCCESS` or `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`. For any command that may return `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`, for the purpose of determining whether a command buffer is in the pending state, or whether resources are considered in-use by the device, a return value of `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST` is equivalent to `VK_SUCCESS`.

The content of any external memory objects that have been exported from or imported to a lost device become undefined. Objects on other logical devices or in other APIs which are associated with the same underlying memory resource as the external memory objects on the lost device are unaffected other than their content becoming undefined. The layout of subresources of images on other logical devices that are bound to `VkDeviceMemory` objects associated with the same underlying memory resources as external memory objects on the lost device becomes `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`.

The state of `VkSemaphore` objects on other logical devices created by importing a semaphore payload with temporary permanence which was exported from the lost device is undefined. The state of `VkSemaphore` objects on other logical devices that permanently share a semaphore payload with a `VkSemaphore` object on the lost device is undefined, and remains undefined following any subsequent signal operations. Implementations must ensure pending and subsequently submitted wait operations on such semaphores behave as defined in Semaphore State Requirements For Wait Operations for external semaphores not in a valid state for a wait operation.

| editing-note TODO (piman) - I do not think we are very clear about what “in-use by the device” means.

#### 5.2.4. Device Destruction

To destroy a device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyDevice(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

To ensure that no work is active on the device, vkDeviceWaitIdle can be used to gate the destruction of the device. Prior to destroying a device, an application is responsible for destroying/freeing any Vulkan objects that were created using that device as the first parameter of the corresponding `vkCreate*` or `vkAllocate*` command.

| Note The lifetime of each of these objects is bound by the lifetime of the `VkDevice` object. Therefore, to avoid resource leaks, it is critical that an application explicitly free all of these resources prior to calling `vkDestroyDevice`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyDevice-device-00378
  All child objects created on `device` must have been destroyed prior to destroying `device`

- VUID-vkDestroyDevice-device-00379
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `device` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyDevice-device-00380
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `device` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyDevice-device-parameter
  If `device` is not `NULL`, `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyDevice-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `device` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to all `VkQueue` objects created from `device` must be externally synchronized

### 5.3. Queues

#### 5.3.1. Queue Family Properties

As discussed in the Physical Device Enumeration section above, the vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties command is used to retrieve details about the queue families and queues supported by a device.

Each index in the `pQueueFamilyProperties` array returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties describes a unique queue family on that physical device. These indices are used when creating queues, and they correspond directly with the `queueFamilyIndex` that is passed to the vkCreateDevice command via the VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo structure as described in the Queue Creation section below.

Grouping of queue families within a physical device is implementation-dependent.

| Note The general expectation is that a physical device groups all queues of matching capabilities into a single family. However, while implementations should do this, it is possible that a physical device may return two separate queue families with the same capabilities.

Once an application has identified a physical device with the queue(s) that it desires to use, it will create those queues in conjunction with a logical device. This is described in the following section.

#### 5.3.2. Queue Creation

Creating a logical device also creates the queues associated with that device. The queues to create are described by a set of VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo structures that are passed to vkCreateDevice in `pQueueCreateInfos`.

Queues are represented by `VkQueue` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VkQueue)

The `VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags    flags;
        uint32_t                    queueFamilyIndex;
        uint32_t                    queueCount;
        const float*                pQueuePriorities;
    } VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask indicating behavior of the queue.

- `queueFamilyIndex` is an unsigned integer indicating the index of the queue family in which to create the queue on this device. This index corresponds to the index of an element of the `pQueueFamilyProperties` array that was returned by `vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties`.

- `queueCount` is an unsigned integer specifying the number of queues to create in the queue family indicated by `queueFamilyIndex`.

- `pQueuePriorities` is a pointer to an array of `queueCount` normalized floating point values, specifying priorities of work that will be submitted to each created queue. See Queue Priority for more information.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo-queueFamilyIndex-00381
  `queueFamilyIndex` must be less than `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` returned by `vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties`

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo-queueCount-00382
  `queueCount` must be less than or equal to the `queueCount` member of the `VkQueueFamilyProperties` structure, as returned by `vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties` in the `pQueueFamilyProperties`[queueFamilyIndex]

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo-pQueuePriorities-00383
  Each element of `pQueuePriorities` must be between `0.0` and `1.0` inclusive

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo-flags-02861
  If the protected memory feature is not enabled, the `VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit of `flags` must not be set

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo-flags-06449
  If `flags` includes `VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`, `queueFamilyIndex` must be the index of a queue family that includes the `VK_QUEUE_PROTECTED_BIT` capability

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkDeviceQueueCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo-pQueuePriorities-parameter
  `pQueuePriorities` must be a valid pointer to an array of `queueCount` `float` values

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo-queueCount-arraylength
  `queueCount` must be greater than `0`

Bits which can be set in VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying usage behavior of a queue, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkDeviceQueueCreateFlagBits {
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkDeviceQueueCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` specifies that the device queue is a protected-capable queue.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags;

`VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkDeviceQueueCreateFlagBits.

To retrieve a handle to a VkQueue object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetDeviceQueue(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    queueFamilyIndex,
        uint32_t                                    queueIndex,
        VkQueue*                                    pQueue);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the queue.

- `queueFamilyIndex` is the index of the queue family to which the queue belongs.

- `queueIndex` is the index within this queue family of the queue to retrieve.

- `pQueue` is a pointer to a VkQueue object that will be filled with the handle for the requested queue.

`vkGetDeviceQueue` must only be used to get queues that were created with the `flags` parameter of VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo set to zero. To get queues that were created with a non-zero `flags` parameter use vkGetDeviceQueue2.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetDeviceQueue-queueFamilyIndex-00384
  `queueFamilyIndex` must be one of the queue family indices specified when `device` was created, via the VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkGetDeviceQueue-queueIndex-00385
  `queueIndex` must be less than the value of VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo::`queueCount` for the queue family indicated by `queueFamilyIndex` when `device` was created

- VUID-vkGetDeviceQueue-flags-01841
  VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo::`flags` must have been set to zero when `device` was created

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceQueue-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceQueue-pQueue-parameter
  `pQueue` must be a valid pointer to a VkQueue handle

To retrieve a handle to a VkQueue object with specific VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags creation flags, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetDeviceQueue2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceQueueInfo2*                   pQueueInfo,
        VkQueue*                                    pQueue);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the queue.

- `pQueueInfo` is a pointer to a VkDeviceQueueInfo2 structure, describing parameters of the device queue to be retrieved.

- `pQueue` is a pointer to a VkQueue object that will be filled with the handle for the requested queue.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceQueue2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceQueue2-pQueueInfo-parameter
  `pQueueInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDeviceQueueInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkGetDeviceQueue2-pQueue-parameter
  `pQueue` must be a valid pointer to a VkQueue handle

The `VkDeviceQueueInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkDeviceQueueInfo2 {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags    flags;
        uint32_t                    queueFamilyIndex;
        uint32_t                    queueIndex;
    } VkDeviceQueueInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure. The `pNext` chain of `VkDeviceQueueInfo2` can be used to provide additional device queue parameters to `vkGetDeviceQueue2`.

- `flags` is a VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags value indicating the flags used to create the device queue.

- `queueFamilyIndex` is the index of the queue family to which the queue belongs.

- `queueIndex` is the index within this queue family of the queue to retrieve.

The queue returned by `vkGetDeviceQueue2` must have the same `flags` value from this structure as that used at device creation time in a VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo structure. If no matching `flags` were specified at device creation time, then the handle returned in `pQueue` must be `NULL`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueInfo2-queueFamilyIndex-01842
  `queueFamilyIndex` must be one of the queue family indices specified when `device` was created, via the VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueInfo2-flags-06225
  `flags` must be equal to VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo::`flags` for a VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo structure for the queue family indicated by `queueFamilyIndex` when `device` was created

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueInfo2-queueIndex-01843
  `queueIndex` must be less than VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo::`queueCount` for the corresponding queue family and flags indicated by `queueFamilyIndex` and `flags` when `device` was created

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDeviceQueueInfo2-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkDeviceQueueCreateFlagBits values

#### 5.3.3. Queue Family Index

The queue family index is used in multiple places in Vulkan in order to tie operations to a specific family of queues.

When retrieving a handle to the queue via `vkGetDeviceQueue`, the queue family index is used to select which queue family to retrieve the `VkQueue` handle from as described in the previous section.

When creating a `VkCommandPool` object (see Command Pools), a queue family index is specified in the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo structure. Command buffers from this pool can only be submitted on queues corresponding to this queue family.

When creating `VkImage` (see Images) and `VkBuffer` (see Buffers) resources, a set of queue families is included in the VkImageCreateInfo and VkBufferCreateInfo structures to specify the queue families that can access the resource.

When inserting a VkBufferMemoryBarrier or VkImageMemoryBarrier (see Pipeline Barriers), a source and destination queue family index is specified to allow the ownership of a buffer or image to be transferred from one queue family to another. See the Resource Sharing section for details.

#### 5.3.4. Queue Priority

Each queue is assigned a priority, as set in the VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo structures when creating the device. The priority of each queue is a normalized floating point value between 0.0 and 1.0, which is then translated to a discrete priority level by the implementation. Higher values indicate a higher priority, with 0.0 being the lowest priority and 1.0 being the highest.

Within the same device, queues with higher priority may be allotted more processing time than queues with lower priority. The implementation makes no guarantees with regards to ordering or scheduling among queues with the same priority, other than the constraints defined by any explicit synchronization primitives. The implementation makes no guarantees with regards to queues across different devices.

An implementation may allow a higher-priority queue to starve a lower-priority queue on the same `VkDevice` until the higher-priority queue has no further commands to execute. The relationship of queue priorities must not cause queues on one `VkDevice` to starve queues on another `VkDevice`.

No specific guarantees are made about higher priority queues receiving more processing time or better quality of service than lower priority queues.

#### 5.3.5. Queue Submission

Work is submitted to a queue via queue submission commands such as vkQueueSubmit2 or vkQueueSubmit. Queue submission commands define a set of queue operations to be executed by the underlying physical device, including synchronization with semaphores and fences.

Submission commands take as parameters a target queue, zero or more batches of work, and an optional fence to signal upon completion. Each batch consists of three distinct parts:

1. Zero or more semaphores to wait on before execution of the rest of the batch.

   - If present, these describe a semaphore wait operation.

2. Zero or more work items to execute.

   - If present, these describe a queue operation matching the work described.

3. Zero or more semaphores to signal upon completion of the work items.

   - If present, these describe a semaphore signal operation.

If a fence is present in a queue submission, it describes a fence signal operation.

All work described by a queue submission command must be submitted to the queue before the command returns.

##### Sparse Memory Binding

In Vulkan it is possible to sparsely bind memory to buffers and images as described in the Sparse Resource chapter. Sparse memory binding is a queue operation. A queue whose flags include the `VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` must be able to support the mapping of a virtual address to a physical address on the device. This causes an update to the page table mappings on the device. This update must be synchronized on a queue to avoid corrupting page table mappings during execution of graphics commands. By binding the sparse memory resources on queues, all commands that are dependent on the updated bindings are synchronized to only execute after the binding is updated. See the Synchronization and Cache Control chapter for how this synchronization is accomplished.

#### 5.3.6. Queue Destruction

Queues are created along with a logical device during `vkCreateDevice`. All queues associated with a logical device are destroyed when `vkDestroyDevice` is called on that device.

## 6. Command Buffers

Command buffers are objects used to record commands which can be subsequently submitted to a device queue for execution. There are two levels of command buffers - primary command buffers, which can execute secondary command buffers, and which are submitted to queues, and secondary command buffers, which can be executed by primary command buffers, and which are not directly submitted to queues.

Command buffers are represented by `VkCommandBuffer` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(VkCommandBuffer)

Recorded commands include commands to bind pipelines and descriptor sets to the command buffer, commands to modify dynamic state, commands to draw (for graphics rendering), commands to dispatch (for compute), commands to execute secondary command buffers (for primary command buffers only), commands to copy buffers and images, and other commands.

Each command buffer manages state independently of other command buffers. There is no inheritance of state across primary and secondary command buffers, or between secondary command buffers. When a command buffer begins recording, all state in that command buffer is undefined. When secondary command buffer(s) are recorded to execute on a primary command buffer, the secondary command buffer inherits no state from the primary command buffer, and all state of the primary command buffer is undefined after an execute secondary command buffer command is recorded. There is one exception to this rule - if the primary command buffer is inside a render pass instance, then the render pass and subpass state is not disturbed by executing secondary command buffers. For state dependent commands (such as draws and dispatches), any state consumed by those commands must not be undefined.

Unless otherwise specified, and without explicit synchronization, the various commands submitted to a queue via command buffers may execute in arbitrary order relative to each other, and/or concurrently. Also, the memory side effects of those commands may not be directly visible to other commands without explicit memory dependencies. This is true within a command buffer, and across command buffers submitted to a given queue. See the synchronization chapter for information on implicit and explicit synchronization between commands.

### 6.1. Command Buffer Lifecycle

Each command buffer is always in one of the following states:

Initial

  When a command buffer is allocated, it is in the initial state. Some commands are able to reset a command buffer (or a set of command buffers) back to this state from any of the executable, recording or invalid state. Command buffers in the initial state can only be moved to the recording state, or freed.

Recording

  vkBeginCommandBuffer changes the state of a command buffer from the initial state to the recording state. Once a command buffer is in the recording state, `vkCmd*` commands can be used to record to the command buffer.

Executable

  vkEndCommandBuffer ends the recording of a command buffer, and moves it from the recording state to the executable state. Executable command buffers can be submitted, reset, or recorded to another command buffer.

Pending

  Queue submission of a command buffer changes the state of a command buffer from the executable state to the pending state. Whilst in the pending state, applications must not attempt to modify the command buffer in any way - as the device may be processing the commands recorded to it. Once execution of a command buffer completes, the command buffer either reverts back to the executable state, or if it was recorded with `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT`, it moves to the invalid state. A synchronization command should be used to detect when this occurs.

Invalid

  Some operations, such as modifying or deleting a resource that was used in a command recorded to a command buffer, will transition the state of that command buffer into the invalid state. Command buffers in the invalid state can only be reset or freed.

Figure 1. Lifecycle of a command buffer

Any given command that operates on a command buffer has its own requirements on what state a command buffer must be in, which are detailed in the valid usage constraints for that command.

Resetting a command buffer is an operation that discards any previously recorded commands and puts a command buffer in the initial state. Resetting occurs as a result of vkResetCommandBuffer or vkResetCommandPool, or as part of vkBeginCommandBuffer (which additionally puts the command buffer in the recording state).

Secondary command buffers can be recorded to a primary command buffer via vkCmdExecuteCommands. This partially ties the lifecycle of the two command buffers together - if the primary is submitted to a queue, both the primary and any secondaries recorded to it move to the pending state. Once execution of the primary completes, so it does for any secondary recorded within it. After all executions of each command buffer complete, they each move to their appropriate completion state (either to the executable state or the invalid state, as specified above).

If a secondary moves to the invalid state or the initial state, then all primary buffers it is recorded in move to the invalid state. A primary moving to any other state does not affect the state of a secondary recorded in it.

| Note Resetting or freeing a primary command buffer removes the lifecycle linkage to all secondary command buffers that were recorded into it.

### 6.2. Command Pools

Command pools are opaque objects that command buffer memory is allocated from, and which allow the implementation to amortize the cost of resource creation across multiple command buffers. Command pools are externally synchronized, meaning that a command pool must not be used concurrently in multiple threads. That includes use via recording commands on any command buffers allocated from the pool, as well as operations that allocate, free, and reset command buffers or the pool itself.

Command pools are represented by `VkCommandPool` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkCommandPool)

To create a command pool, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateCommandPool(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkCommandPoolCreateInfo*              pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkCommandPool*                              pCommandPool);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the command pool.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkCommandPoolCreateInfo structure specifying the state of the command pool object.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pCommandPool` is a pointer to a VkCommandPool handle in which the created pool is returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateCommandPool-queueFamilyIndex-01937
  `pCreateInfo->queueFamilyIndex` must be the index of a queue family available in the logical device `device`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateCommandPool-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateCommandPool-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkCommandPoolCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateCommandPool-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateCommandPool-pCommandPool-parameter
  `pCommandPool` must be a valid pointer to a VkCommandPool handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkCommandPoolCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkCommandPoolCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkCommandPoolCreateFlags    flags;
        uint32_t                    queueFamilyIndex;
    } VkCommandPoolCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkCommandPoolCreateFlagBits indicating usage behavior for the pool and command buffers allocated from it.

- `queueFamilyIndex` designates a queue family as described in section Queue Family Properties. All command buffers allocated from this command pool must be submitted on queues from the same queue family.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkCommandPoolCreateInfo-flags-02860
  If the protected memory feature is not enabled, the `VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit of `flags` must not be set

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCommandPoolCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkCommandPoolCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkCommandPoolCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkCommandPoolCreateFlagBits values

Bits which can be set in VkCommandPoolCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying usage behavior for a command pool, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkCommandPoolCreateFlagBits {
        VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_TRANSIENT_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT = 0x00000004,
    } VkCommandPoolCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_TRANSIENT_BIT` specifies that command buffers allocated from the pool will be short-lived, meaning that they will be reset or freed in a relatively short timeframe. This flag may be used by the implementation to control memory allocation behavior within the pool.

- `VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT` allows any command buffer allocated from a pool to be individually reset to the initial state; either by calling vkResetCommandBuffer, or via the implicit reset when calling vkBeginCommandBuffer. If this flag is not set on a pool, then `vkResetCommandBuffer` must not be called for any command buffer allocated from that pool.

- `VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` specifies that command buffers allocated from the pool are protected command buffers.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkCommandPoolCreateFlags;

`VkCommandPoolCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkCommandPoolCreateFlagBits.

To trim a command pool, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkTrimCommandPool(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkCommandPool                               commandPool,
        VkCommandPoolTrimFlags                      flags);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the command pool.

- `commandPool` is the command pool to trim.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

Trimming a command pool recycles unused memory from the command pool back to the system. Command buffers allocated from the pool are not affected by the command.

| Note This command provides applications with some control over the internal memory allocations used by command pools. Unused memory normally arises from command buffers that have been recorded and later reset, such that they are no longer using the memory. On reset, a command buffer can return memory to its command pool, but the only way to release memory from a command pool to the system requires calling vkResetCommandPool, which cannot be executed while any command buffers from that pool are still in use. Subsequent recording operations into command buffers will re-use this memory but since total memory requirements fluctuate over time, unused memory can accumulate. In this situation, trimming a command pool may be useful to return unused memory back to the system, returning the total outstanding memory allocated by the pool back to a more “average” value. Implementations utilize many internal allocation strategies that make it impossible to guarantee that all unused memory is released back to the system. For instance, an implementation of a command pool may involve allocating memory in bulk from the system and sub-allocating from that memory. In such an implementation any live command buffer that holds a reference to a bulk allocation would prevent that allocation from being freed, even if only a small proportion of the bulk allocation is in use. In most cases trimming will result in a reduction in allocated but unused memory, but it does not guarantee the “ideal” behavior. Trimming may be an expensive operation, and should not be called frequently. Trimming should be treated as a way to relieve memory pressure after application-known points when there exists enough unused memory that the cost of trimming is “worth” it.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkTrimCommandPool-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkTrimCommandPool-commandPool-parameter
  `commandPool` must be a valid VkCommandPool handle

- VUID-vkTrimCommandPool-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-vkTrimCommandPool-commandPool-parent
  `commandPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandPool` must be externally synchronized

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkCommandPoolTrimFlags;

`VkCommandPoolTrimFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

To reset a command pool, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkResetCommandPool(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkCommandPool                               commandPool,
        VkCommandPoolResetFlags                     flags);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the command pool.

- `commandPool` is the command pool to reset.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkCommandPoolResetFlagBits controlling the reset operation.

Resetting a command pool recycles all of the resources from all of the command buffers allocated from the command pool back to the command pool. All command buffers that have been allocated from the command pool are put in the initial state.

Any primary command buffer allocated from another VkCommandPool that is in the recording or executable state and has a secondary command buffer allocated from `commandPool` recorded into it, becomes invalid.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkResetCommandPool-commandPool-00040
  All `VkCommandBuffer` objects allocated from `commandPool` must not be in the pending state

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkResetCommandPool-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkResetCommandPool-commandPool-parameter
  `commandPool` must be a valid VkCommandPool handle

- VUID-vkResetCommandPool-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkCommandPoolResetFlagBits values

- VUID-vkResetCommandPool-commandPool-parent
  `commandPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandPool` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

Bits which can be set in vkResetCommandPool::`flags`, controlling the reset operation, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkCommandPoolResetFlagBits {
        VK_COMMAND_POOL_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkCommandPoolResetFlagBits;

- `VK_COMMAND_POOL_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT` specifies that resetting a command pool recycles all of the resources from the command pool back to the system.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkCommandPoolResetFlags;

`VkCommandPoolResetFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkCommandPoolResetFlagBits.

To destroy a command pool, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyCommandPool(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkCommandPool                               commandPool,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the command pool.

- `commandPool` is the handle of the command pool to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

When a pool is destroyed, all command buffers allocated from the pool are freed.

Any primary command buffer allocated from another VkCommandPool that is in the recording or executable state and has a secondary command buffer allocated from `commandPool` recorded into it, becomes invalid.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyCommandPool-commandPool-00041
  All `VkCommandBuffer` objects allocated from `commandPool` must not be in the pending state

- VUID-vkDestroyCommandPool-commandPool-00042
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `commandPool` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyCommandPool-commandPool-00043
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `commandPool` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyCommandPool-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyCommandPool-commandPool-parameter
  If `commandPool` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `commandPool` must be a valid VkCommandPool handle

- VUID-vkDestroyCommandPool-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyCommandPool-commandPool-parent
  If `commandPool` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandPool` must be externally synchronized

### 6.3. Command Buffer Allocation and Management

To allocate command buffers, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkAllocateCommandBuffers(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo*          pAllocateInfo,
        VkCommandBuffer*                            pCommandBuffers);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the command pool.

- `pAllocateInfo` is a pointer to a `VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo` structure describing parameters of the allocation.

- `pCommandBuffers` is a pointer to an array of VkCommandBuffer handles in which the resulting command buffer objects are returned. The array must be at least the length specified by the `commandBufferCount` member of `pAllocateInfo`. Each allocated command buffer begins in the initial state.

`vkAllocateCommandBuffers` can be used to allocate multiple command buffers. If the allocation of any of those command buffers fails, the implementation must free all successfully allocated command buffer objects from this command, set all entries of the `pCommandBuffers` array to `NULL` and return the error.

| Note Filling `pCommandBuffers` with `NULL` values on failure is an exception to the default error behavior that output parameters will have undefined contents.

When command buffers are first allocated, they are in the initial state.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkAllocateCommandBuffers-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkAllocateCommandBuffers-pAllocateInfo-parameter
  `pAllocateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo structure

- VUID-vkAllocateCommandBuffers-pCommandBuffers-parameter
  `pCommandBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pAllocateInfo->commandBufferCount` VkCommandBuffer handles

- VUID-vkAllocateCommandBuffers-pAllocateInfo::commandBufferCount-arraylength
  `pAllocateInfo->commandBufferCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `pAllocateInfo->commandPool` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo {
        VkStructureType         sType;
        const void*             pNext;
        VkCommandPool           commandPool;
        VkCommandBufferLevel    level;
        uint32_t                commandBufferCount;
    } VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `commandPool` is the command pool from which the command buffers are allocated.

- `level` is a VkCommandBufferLevel value specifying the command buffer level.

- `commandBufferCount` is the number of command buffers to allocate from the pool.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo-commandPool-parameter
  `commandPool` must be a valid VkCommandPool handle

- VUID-VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo-level-parameter
  `level` must be a valid VkCommandBufferLevel value

Possible values of VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo::`level`, specifying the command buffer level, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkCommandBufferLevel {
        VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY = 0,
        VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_SECONDARY = 1,
    } VkCommandBufferLevel;

- `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY` specifies a primary command buffer.

- `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_SECONDARY` specifies a secondary command buffer.

To reset a command buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkResetCommandBuffer(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkCommandBufferResetFlags                   flags);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer to reset. The command buffer can be in any state other than pending, and is moved into the initial state.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkCommandBufferResetFlagBits controlling the reset operation.

Any primary command buffer that is in the recording or executable state and has `commandBuffer` recorded into it, becomes invalid.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkResetCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-00045
  `commandBuffer` must not be in the pending state

- VUID-vkResetCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-00046
  `commandBuffer` must have been allocated from a pool that was created with the `VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkResetCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkResetCommandBuffer-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkCommandBufferResetFlagBits values

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

Bits which can be set in vkResetCommandBuffer::`flags`, controlling the reset operation, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkCommandBufferResetFlagBits {
        VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkCommandBufferResetFlagBits;

- `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT` specifies that most or all memory resources currently owned by the command buffer should be returned to the parent command pool. If this flag is not set, then the command buffer may hold onto memory resources and reuse them when recording commands. `commandBuffer` is moved to the initial state.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkCommandBufferResetFlags;

`VkCommandBufferResetFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkCommandBufferResetFlagBits.

To free command buffers, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkFreeCommandBuffers(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkCommandPool                               commandPool,
        uint32_t                                    commandBufferCount,
        const VkCommandBuffer*                      pCommandBuffers);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the command pool.

- `commandPool` is the command pool from which the command buffers were allocated.

- `commandBufferCount` is the length of the `pCommandBuffers` array.

- `pCommandBuffers` is a pointer to an array of handles of command buffers to free.

Any primary command buffer that is in the recording or executable state and has any element of `pCommandBuffers` recorded into it, becomes invalid.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkFreeCommandBuffers-pCommandBuffers-00047
  All elements of `pCommandBuffers` must not be in the pending state

- VUID-vkFreeCommandBuffers-pCommandBuffers-00048
  `pCommandBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `commandBufferCount` `VkCommandBuffer` handles, each element of which must either be a valid handle or `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkFreeCommandBuffers-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkFreeCommandBuffers-commandPool-parameter
  `commandPool` must be a valid VkCommandPool handle

- VUID-vkFreeCommandBuffers-commandBufferCount-arraylength
  `commandBufferCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkFreeCommandBuffers-commandPool-parent
  `commandPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

- VUID-vkFreeCommandBuffers-pCommandBuffers-parent
  Each element of `pCommandBuffers` that is a valid handle must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `commandPool`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandPool` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to each member of `pCommandBuffers` must be externally synchronized

### 6.4. Command Buffer Recording

To begin recording a command buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkBeginCommandBuffer(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkCommandBufferBeginInfo*             pBeginInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the handle of the command buffer which is to be put in the recording state.

- `pBeginInfo` is a pointer to a VkCommandBufferBeginInfo structure defining additional information about how the command buffer begins recording.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkBeginCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-00049
  `commandBuffer` must not be in the recording or pending state

- VUID-vkBeginCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-00050
  If `commandBuffer` was allocated from a VkCommandPool which did not have the `VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT` flag set, `commandBuffer` must be in the initial state

- VUID-vkBeginCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-00051
  If `commandBuffer` is a secondary command buffer, the `pInheritanceInfo` member of `pBeginInfo` must be a valid `VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo` structure

- VUID-vkBeginCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-00052
  If `commandBuffer` is a secondary command buffer and either the `occlusionQueryEnable` member of the `pInheritanceInfo` member of `pBeginInfo` is `VK_FALSE`, or the precise occlusion queries feature is not enabled, then `pBeginInfo->pInheritanceInfo->queryFlags` must not contain `VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT`

- VUID-vkBeginCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-02840
  If `commandBuffer` is a primary command buffer, then `pBeginInfo->flags` must not set both the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT` and the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT` flags

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkBeginCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkBeginCommandBuffer-pBeginInfo-parameter
  `pBeginInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkCommandBufferBeginInfo structure

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkCommandBufferBeginInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkCommandBufferBeginInfo {
        VkStructureType                          sType;
        const void*                              pNext;
        VkCommandBufferUsageFlags                flags;
        const VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo*    pInheritanceInfo;
    } VkCommandBufferBeginInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkCommandBufferUsageFlagBits specifying usage behavior for the command buffer.

- `pInheritanceInfo` is a pointer to a `VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo` structure, used if `commandBuffer` is a secondary command buffer. If this is a primary command buffer, then this value is ignored.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkCommandBufferBeginInfo-flags-00055
  If `flags` contains `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT`, the `framebuffer` member of `pInheritanceInfo` must be either VK_NULL_HANDLE, or a valid `VkFramebuffer` that is compatible with the `renderPass` member of `pInheritanceInfo`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferBeginInfo-flags-06000
  If `flags` contains `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT` and the `renderPass` member of `pInheritanceInfo` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `renderPass` must be a valid `VkRenderPass`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferBeginInfo-flags-06001
  If `flags` contains `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT` and the `renderPass` member of `pInheritanceInfo` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the `subpass` member of `pInheritanceInfo` must be a valid subpass index within the `renderPass` member of `pInheritanceInfo`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferBeginInfo-flags-06002
  If `flags` contains `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT` and the `renderPass` member of `pInheritanceInfo` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the `pNext` chain of `pInheritanceInfo` must include a VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo structure

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCommandBufferBeginInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferBeginInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo

- VUID-VkCommandBufferBeginInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkCommandBufferBeginInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkCommandBufferUsageFlagBits values

Bits which can be set in VkCommandBufferBeginInfo::`flags`, specifying usage behavior for a command buffer, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkCommandBufferUsageFlagBits {
        VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT = 0x00000004,
    } VkCommandBufferUsageFlagBits;

- `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT` specifies that each recording of the command buffer will only be submitted once, and the command buffer will be reset and recorded again between each submission.

- `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT` specifies that a secondary command buffer is considered to be entirely inside a render pass. If this is a primary command buffer, then this bit is ignored.

- `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT` specifies that a command buffer can be resubmitted to a queue while it is in the pending state, and recorded into multiple primary command buffers.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkCommandBufferUsageFlags;

`VkCommandBufferUsageFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkCommandBufferUsageFlagBits.

If the command buffer is a secondary command buffer, then the `VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo` structure defines any state that will be inherited from the primary command buffer:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        const void*                      pNext;
        VkRenderPass                     renderPass;
        uint32_t                         subpass;
        VkFramebuffer                    framebuffer;
        VkBool32                         occlusionQueryEnable;
        VkQueryControlFlags              queryFlags;
        VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlags    pipelineStatistics;
    } VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `renderPass` is a VkRenderPass object defining which render passes the `VkCommandBuffer` will be compatible with and can be executed within.

- `subpass` is the index of the subpass within the render pass instance that the `VkCommandBuffer` will be executed within.

- `framebuffer` can refer to the VkFramebuffer object that the `VkCommandBuffer` will be rendering to if it is executed within a render pass instance. It can be VK_NULL_HANDLE if the framebuffer is not known.

  | Note Specifying the exact framebuffer that the secondary command buffer will be executed with may result in better performance at command buffer execution time.

- `occlusionQueryEnable` specifies whether the command buffer can be executed while an occlusion query is active in the primary command buffer. If this is `VK_TRUE`, then this command buffer can be executed whether the primary command buffer has an occlusion query active or not. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then the primary command buffer must not have an occlusion query active.

- `queryFlags` specifies the query flags that can be used by an active occlusion query in the primary command buffer when this secondary command buffer is executed. If this value includes the `VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT` bit, then the active query can return boolean results or actual sample counts. If this bit is not set, then the active query must not use the `VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT` bit.

- `pipelineStatistics` is a bitmask of VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlagBits specifying the set of pipeline statistics that can be counted by an active query in the primary command buffer when this secondary command buffer is executed. If this value includes a given bit, then this command buffer can be executed whether the primary command buffer has a pipeline statistics query active that includes this bit or not. If this value excludes a given bit, then the active pipeline statistics query must not be from a query pool that counts that statistic.

If the VkCommandBuffer will not be executed within a render pass instance, or if the render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, `renderPass`, `subpass`, and `framebuffer` are ignored.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo-occlusionQueryEnable-00056
  If the inherited queries feature is not enabled, `occlusionQueryEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo-queryFlags-00057
  If the inherited queries feature is enabled, `queryFlags` must be a valid combination of VkQueryControlFlagBits values

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo-queryFlags-02788
  If the inherited queries feature is not enabled, `queryFlags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo-pipelineStatistics-02789
  If the pipeline statistics queries feature is enabled, `pipelineStatistics` must be a valid combination of VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlagBits values

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo-pipelineStatistics-00058
  If the pipeline statistics queries feature is not enabled, `pipelineStatistics` must be `0`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_INHERITANCE_INFO`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo-commonparent
  Both of `framebuffer`, and `renderPass` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

| Note On some implementations, not using the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT` bit enables command buffers to be patched in-place if needed, rather than creating a copy of the command buffer.

If a command buffer is in the invalid, or executable state, and the command buffer was allocated from a command pool with the `VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT` flag set, then `vkBeginCommandBuffer` implicitly resets the command buffer, behaving as if `vkResetCommandBuffer` had been called with `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_RESET_RELEASE_RESOURCES_BIT` not set. After the implicit reset, `commandBuffer` is moved to the recording state.

The `VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkRenderingFlags         flags;
        uint32_t                 viewMask;
        uint32_t                 colorAttachmentCount;
        const VkFormat*          pColorAttachmentFormats;
        VkFormat                 depthAttachmentFormat;
        VkFormat                 stencilAttachmentFormat;
        VkSampleCountFlagBits    rasterizationSamples;
    } VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkRenderingFlagBits used by the render pass instance.

- `viewMask` is the view mask used for rendering.

- `colorAttachmentCount` is the number of color attachments specified in the render pass instance.

- `pColorAttachmentFormats` is a pointer to an array of VkFormat values defining the format of color attachments.

- `depthAttachmentFormat` is a VkFormat value defining the format of the depth attachment.

- `stencilAttachmentFormat` is a VkFormat value defining the format of the stencil attachment.

- `rasterizationSamples` is a VkSampleCountFlagBits specifying the number of samples used in rasterization.

If the `pNext` chain of VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo includes a `VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo` structure, then that structure controls parameters of dynamic render pass instances that the VkCommandBuffer can be executed within. If VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo::`renderPass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, or `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT` is not specified in VkCommandBufferBeginInfo::`flags`, parameters of this structure are ignored.

If `colorAttachmentCount` is `0` and the `variableMultisampleRate` feature is enabled, `rasterizationSamples` is ignored.

If `depthAttachmentFormat`, `stencilAttachmentFormat`, or any element of `pColorAttachmentFormats` is `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it indicates that the corresponding attachment is unused within the render pass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-colorAttachmentCount-06004
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0`, `rasterizationSamples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-variableMultisampleRate-06005
  If the `variableMultisampleRate` feature is not enabled, `rasterizationSamples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-pColorAttachmentFormats-06006
  If any element of `pColorAttachmentFormats` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it must be a format with potential format features that include `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-depthAttachmentFormat-06540
  If `depthAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it must be a format that includes a depth aspect

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-depthAttachmentFormat-06007
  If `depthAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it must be a format with potential format features that include `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-stencilAttachmentFormat-06541
  If `stencilAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it must be a format that includes a stencil aspect

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-stencilAttachmentFormat-06199
  If `stencilAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it must be a format with potential format features that include `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-depthAttachmentFormat-06200
  If `depthAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED` and `stencilAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, `depthAttachmentFormat` must equal `stencilAttachmentFormat`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-multiview-06008
  If the `multiview` feature is not enabled, `viewMask` must be `0`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-viewMask-06009
  The index of the most significant bit in `viewMask` must be less than `maxMultiviewViewCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_INHERITANCE_RENDERING_INFO`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkRenderingFlagBits values

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-pColorAttachmentFormats-parameter
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0`, `pColorAttachmentFormats` must be a valid pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` valid VkFormat values

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-depthAttachmentFormat-parameter
  `depthAttachmentFormat` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-stencilAttachmentFormat-parameter
  `stencilAttachmentFormat` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo-rasterizationSamples-parameter
  If `rasterizationSamples` is not `0`, `rasterizationSamples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

Once recording starts, an application records a sequence of commands (`vkCmd*`) to set state in the command buffer, draw, dispatch, and other commands.

To complete recording of a command buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkEndCommandBuffer(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer to complete recording.

If there was an error during recording, the application will be notified by an unsuccessful return code returned by `vkEndCommandBuffer`. If the application wishes to further use the command buffer, the command buffer must be reset.

The command buffer must have been in the recording state, and is moved to the executable state.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkEndCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-00059
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkEndCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-00060
  If `commandBuffer` is a primary command buffer, there must not be an active render pass instance

- VUID-vkEndCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-00061
  All queries made active during the recording of `commandBuffer` must have been made inactive

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkEndCommandBuffer-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

When a command buffer is in the executable state, it can be submitted to a queue for execution.

### 6.5. Command Buffer Submission

| Note Submission can be a high overhead operation, and applications should attempt to batch work together into as few calls to `vkQueueSubmit` or `vkQueueSubmit2` as possible.

To submit command buffers to a queue, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    VkResult vkQueueSubmit2(
        VkQueue                                     queue,
        uint32_t                                    submitCount,
        const VkSubmitInfo2*                        pSubmits,
        VkFence                                     fence);

- `queue` is the queue that the command buffers will be submitted to.

- `submitCount` is the number of elements in the `pSubmits` array.

- `pSubmits` is a pointer to an array of VkSubmitInfo2 structures, each specifying a command buffer submission batch.

- `fence` is an optional handle to a fence to be signaled once all submitted command buffers have completed execution. If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, it defines a fence signal operation.

`vkQueueSubmit2` is a queue submission command, with each batch defined by an element of `pSubmits`.

Semaphore operations submitted with vkQueueSubmit2 have additional ordering constraints compared to other submission commands, with dependencies involving previous and subsequent queue operations. Information about these additional constraints can be found in the semaphore section of the synchronization chapter.

If any command buffer submitted to this queue is in the executable state, it is moved to the pending state. Once execution of all submissions of a command buffer complete, it moves from the pending state, back to the executable state. If a command buffer was recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT` flag, it instead moves back to the invalid state.

If `vkQueueSubmit2` fails, it may return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY` or `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`. If it does, the implementation must ensure that the state and contents of any resources or synchronization primitives referenced by the submitted command buffers and any semaphores referenced by `pSubmits` is unaffected by the call or its failure. If `vkQueueSubmit2` fails in such a way that the implementation is unable to make that guarantee, the implementation must return `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`. See Lost Device.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-fence-04894
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must be unsignaled

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-fence-04895
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must not be associated with any other queue command that has not yet completed execution on that queue

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-synchronization2-03866
  The `synchronization2` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-commandBuffer-03867
  If a command recorded into the `commandBuffer` member of any element of the `pCommandBufferInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` referenced an VkEvent, that event must not be referenced by a command that has been submitted to another queue and is still in the pending state

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-semaphore-03868
  The `semaphore` member of any binary semaphore element of the `pSignalSemaphoreInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` must be unsignaled when the semaphore signal operation it defines is executed on the device

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-stageMask-03869
  The `stageMask` member of any element of the `pSignalSemaphoreInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` must only include pipeline stages that are supported by the queue family which `queue` belongs to

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-stageMask-03870
  The `stageMask` member of any element of the `pWaitSemaphoreInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` must only include pipeline stages that are supported by the queue family which `queue` belongs to

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-semaphore-03871
  When a semaphore wait operation for a binary semaphore is executed, as defined by the `semaphore` member of any element of the `pWaitSemaphoreInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits`, there must be no other queues waiting on the same semaphore

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-semaphore-03872
  The `semaphore` member of any element of the `pWaitSemaphoreInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` must be semaphores that are signaled, or have semaphore signal operations previously submitted for execution

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-commandBuffer-03874
  The `commandBuffer` member of any element of the `pCommandBufferInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` must be in the pending or executable state

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-commandBuffer-03875
  If a command recorded into the `commandBuffer` member of any element of the `pCommandBufferInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` was not recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT`, it must not be in the pending state

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-commandBuffer-03876
  Any secondary command buffers recorded into the `commandBuffer` member of any element of the `pCommandBufferInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` must be in the pending or executable state

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-commandBuffer-03877
  If any secondary command buffers recorded into the `commandBuffer` member of any element of the `pCommandBufferInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` was not recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT`, it must not be in the pending state

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-commandBuffer-03878
  The `commandBuffer` member of any element of the `pCommandBufferInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` must have been allocated from a `VkCommandPool` that was created for the same queue family `queue` belongs to

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-commandBuffer-03879
  If a command recorded into the `commandBuffer` member of any element of the `pCommandBufferInfos` member of any element of `pSubmits` includes a Queue Family Transfer Acquire Operation, there must exist a previously submitted Queue Family Transfer Release Operation on a queue in the queue family identified by the acquire operation, with parameters matching the acquire operation as defined in the definition of such acquire operations, and which happens before the acquire operation

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-queue-06447
  If `queue` was not created with `VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`, the `flags` member of any element of `pSubmits` must not include `VK_SUBMIT_PROTECTED_BIT_KHR`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-queue-parameter
  `queue` must be a valid VkQueue handle

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-pSubmits-parameter
  If `submitCount` is not `0`, `pSubmits` must be a valid pointer to an array of `submitCount` valid VkSubmitInfo2 structures

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-fence-parameter
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must be a valid VkFence handle

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit2-commonparent
  Both of `fence`, and `queue` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `queue` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to `fence` must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
- | - | Any

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

The `VkSubmitInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkSubmitInfo2 {
        VkStructureType                     sType;
        const void*                         pNext;
        VkSubmitFlags                       flags;
        uint32_t                            waitSemaphoreInfoCount;
        const VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo*        pWaitSemaphoreInfos;
        uint32_t                            commandBufferInfoCount;
        const VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo*    pCommandBufferInfos;
        uint32_t                            signalSemaphoreInfoCount;
        const VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo*        pSignalSemaphoreInfos;
    } VkSubmitInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkSubmitFlagBits.

- `waitSemaphoreInfoCount` is the number of elements in `pWaitSemaphoreInfos`.

- `pWaitSemaphoreInfos` is a pointer to an array of VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo structures defining semaphore wait operations.

- `commandBufferInfoCount` is the number of elements in `pCommandBufferInfos` and the number of command buffers to execute in the batch.

- `pCommandBufferInfos` is a pointer to an array of VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo structures describing command buffers to execute in the batch.

- `signalSemaphoreInfoCount` is the number of elements in `pSignalSemaphoreInfos`.

- `pSignalSemaphoreInfos` is a pointer to an array of VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo describing semaphore signal operations.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2-flags-03886
  If `flags` includes `VK_SUBMIT_PROTECTED_BIT`, all elements of `pCommandBuffers` must be protected command buffers

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2-flags-03887
  If `flags` does not include `VK_SUBMIT_PROTECTED_BIT`, each element of `pCommandBuffers` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2KHR-commandBuffer-06192
  If any `commandBuffer` member of an element of `pCommandBufferInfos` contains any resumed render pass instances, they must be suspended by a render pass instance earlier in submission order within `pCommandBufferInfos`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2KHR-commandBuffer-06010
  If any `commandBuffer` member of an element of `pCommandBufferInfos` contains any suspended render pass instances, they must be resumed by a render pass instance later in submission order within `pCommandBufferInfos`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2KHR-commandBuffer-06011
  If any `commandBuffer` member of an element of `pCommandBufferInfos` contains any suspended render pass instances, there must be no action or synchronization commands between that render pass instance and the render pass instance that resumes it

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2KHR-commandBuffer-06012
  If any `commandBuffer` member of an element of `pCommandBufferInfos` contains any suspended render pass instances, there must be no render pass instances between that render pass instance and the render pass instance that resumes it

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkSubmitFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2-pWaitSemaphoreInfos-parameter
  If `waitSemaphoreInfoCount` is not `0`, `pWaitSemaphoreInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `waitSemaphoreInfoCount` valid VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo structures

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2-pCommandBufferInfos-parameter
  If `commandBufferInfoCount` is not `0`, `pCommandBufferInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `commandBufferInfoCount` valid VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo structures

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo2-pSignalSemaphoreInfos-parameter
  If `signalSemaphoreInfoCount` is not `0`, `pSignalSemaphoreInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `signalSemaphoreInfoCount` valid VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo structures

Bits which can be set in VkSubmitInfo2::`flags`, specifying submission behavior, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef enum VkSubmitFlagBits {
        VK_SUBMIT_PROTECTED_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_SUBMIT_PROTECTED_BIT_KHR = VK_SUBMIT_PROTECTED_BIT,
    } VkSubmitFlagBits;

- `VK_SUBMIT_PROTECTED_BIT` specifies that this batch is a protected submission.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef VkFlags VkSubmitFlags;

`VkSubmitFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkSubmitFlagBits.

The `VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkSemaphore              semaphore;
        uint64_t                 value;
        VkPipelineStageFlags2    stageMask;
        uint32_t                 deviceIndex;
    } VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `semaphore` is a VkSemaphore affected by this operation.

- `value` is ignored.

- `stageMask` is a VkPipelineStageFlags2 mask of pipeline stages which limit the first synchronization scope of a semaphore signal operation, or second synchronization scope of a semaphore wait operation as described in the semaphore wait operation and semaphore signal operation sections of the synchronization chapter.

- `deviceIndex` is the index of the device within a device group that executes the semaphore wait or signal operation.

Whether this structure defines a semaphore wait or signal operation is defined by how it is used.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo-stageMask-03929
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `stageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo-stageMask-03930
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `stageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo-device-03888
  If the `device` that `semaphore` was created on is not a device group, `deviceIndex` must be `0`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo-device-03889
  If the `device` that `semaphore` was created on is a device group, `deviceIndex` must be a valid device index

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_SUBMIT_INFO`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo-semaphore-parameter
  `semaphore` must be a valid VkSemaphore handle

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo-stageMask-parameter
  `stageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 values

The `VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkCommandBuffer    commandBuffer;
        uint32_t           deviceMask;
    } VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `commandBuffer` is a VkCommandBuffer to be submitted for execution.

- `deviceMask` is a bitmask indicating which devices in a device group execute the command buffer. A `deviceMask` of `0` is equivalent to setting all bits corresponding to valid devices in the group to `1`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo-commandBuffer-03890
  `commandBuffer` must not have been allocated with `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_SECONDARY`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo-deviceMask-03891
  If `deviceMask` is not `0`, it must be a valid device mask

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_SUBMIT_INFO`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

To submit command buffers to a queue, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkQueueSubmit(
        VkQueue                                     queue,
        uint32_t                                    submitCount,
        const VkSubmitInfo*                         pSubmits,
        VkFence                                     fence);

- `queue` is the queue that the command buffers will be submitted to.

- `submitCount` is the number of elements in the `pSubmits` array.

- `pSubmits` is a pointer to an array of VkSubmitInfo structures, each specifying a command buffer submission batch.

- `fence` is an optional handle to a fence to be signaled once all submitted command buffers have completed execution. If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, it defines a fence signal operation.

`vkQueueSubmit` is a queue submission command, with each batch defined by an element of `pSubmits`. Batches begin execution in the order they appear in `pSubmits`, but may complete out of order.

Fence and semaphore operations submitted with vkQueueSubmit have additional ordering constraints compared to other submission commands, with dependencies involving previous and subsequent queue operations. Information about these additional constraints can be found in the semaphore and fence sections of the synchronization chapter.

Details on the interaction of `pWaitDstStageMask` with synchronization are described in the semaphore wait operation section of the synchronization chapter.

The order that batches appear in `pSubmits` is used to determine submission order, and thus all the implicit ordering guarantees that respect it. Other than these implicit ordering guarantees and any explicit synchronization primitives, these batches may overlap or otherwise execute out of order.

If any command buffer submitted to this queue is in the executable state, it is moved to the pending state. Once execution of all submissions of a command buffer complete, it moves from the pending state, back to the executable state. If a command buffer was recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT` flag, it instead moves to the invalid state.

If `vkQueueSubmit` fails, it may return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY` or `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`. If it does, the implementation must ensure that the state and contents of any resources or synchronization primitives referenced by the submitted command buffers and any semaphores referenced by `pSubmits` is unaffected by the call or its failure. If `vkQueueSubmit` fails in such a way that the implementation is unable to make that guarantee, the implementation must return `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`. See Lost Device.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-fence-00063
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must be unsignaled

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-fence-00064
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must not be associated with any other queue command that has not yet completed execution on that queue

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pCommandBuffers-00065
  Any calls to vkCmdSetEvent, vkCmdResetEvent or vkCmdWaitEvents that have been recorded into any of the command buffer elements of the `pCommandBuffers` member of any element of `pSubmits`, must not reference any VkEvent that is referenced by any of those commands in a command buffer that has been submitted to another queue and is still in the pending state

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pWaitDstStageMask-00066
  Any stage flag included in any element of the `pWaitDstStageMask` member of any element of `pSubmits` must be a pipeline stage supported by one of the capabilities of `queue`, as specified in the table of supported pipeline stages

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pSignalSemaphores-00067
  Each binary semaphore element of the `pSignalSemaphores` member of any element of `pSubmits` must be unsignaled when the semaphore signal operation it defines is executed on the device

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pWaitSemaphores-00068
  When a semaphore wait operation referring to a binary semaphore defined by any element of the `pWaitSemaphores` member of any element of `pSubmits` executes on `queue`, there must be no other queues waiting on the same semaphore

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pWaitSemaphores-00069
  All elements of the `pWaitSemaphores` member of all elements of `pSubmits` must be semaphores that are signaled, or have semaphore signal operations previously submitted for execution

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pWaitSemaphores-03238
  All elements of the `pWaitSemaphores` member of all elements of `pSubmits` created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY` must reference a semaphore signal operation that has been submitted for execution and any semaphore signal operations on which it depends (if any) must have also been submitted for execution

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pCommandBuffers-00070
  Each element of the `pCommandBuffers` member of each element of `pSubmits` must be in the pending or executable state

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pCommandBuffers-00071
  If any element of the `pCommandBuffers` member of any element of `pSubmits` was not recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT`, it must not be in the pending state

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pCommandBuffers-00072
  Any secondary command buffers recorded into any element of the `pCommandBuffers` member of any element of `pSubmits` must be in the pending or executable state

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pCommandBuffers-00073
  If any secondary command buffers recorded into any element of the `pCommandBuffers` member of any element of `pSubmits` was not recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT`, it must not be in the pending state

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pCommandBuffers-00074
  Each element of the `pCommandBuffers` member of each element of `pSubmits` must have been allocated from a `VkCommandPool` that was created for the same queue family `queue` belongs to

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pSubmits-02207
  If any element of `pSubmits->pCommandBuffers` includes a Queue Family Transfer Acquire Operation, there must exist a previously submitted Queue Family Transfer Release Operation on a queue in the queue family identified by the acquire operation, with parameters matching the acquire operation as defined in the definition of such acquire operations, and which happens-before the acquire operation

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pSubmits-02808
  Any resource created with `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` that is read by an operation specified by `pSubmits` must not be owned by any queue family other than the one which `queue` belongs to, at the time it is executed

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pSubmits-04626
  Any resource created with `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT` that is accessed by an operation specified by `pSubmits` must have included the queue family of `queue` at resource creation time

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-queue-06448
  If `queue` was not created with `VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`, there must be no element of `pSubmits` that includes an VkProtectedSubmitInfo structure in its `pNext` chain with `protectedSubmit` equal to `VK_TRUE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-queue-parameter
  `queue` must be a valid VkQueue handle

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-pSubmits-parameter
  If `submitCount` is not `0`, `pSubmits` must be a valid pointer to an array of `submitCount` valid VkSubmitInfo structures

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-fence-parameter
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must be a valid VkFence handle

- VUID-vkQueueSubmit-commonparent
  Both of `fence`, and `queue` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `queue` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to `fence` must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
- | - | Any

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

The `VkSubmitInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSubmitInfo {
        VkStructureType                sType;
        const void*                    pNext;
        uint32_t                       waitSemaphoreCount;
        const VkSemaphore*             pWaitSemaphores;
        const VkPipelineStageFlags*    pWaitDstStageMask;
        uint32_t                       commandBufferCount;
        const VkCommandBuffer*         pCommandBuffers;
        uint32_t                       signalSemaphoreCount;
        const VkSemaphore*             pSignalSemaphores;
    } VkSubmitInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `waitSemaphoreCount` is the number of semaphores upon which to wait before executing the command buffers for the batch.

- `pWaitSemaphores` is a pointer to an array of VkSemaphore handles upon which to wait before the command buffers for this batch begin execution. If semaphores to wait on are provided, they define a semaphore wait operation.

- `pWaitDstStageMask` is a pointer to an array of pipeline stages at which each corresponding semaphore wait will occur.

- `commandBufferCount` is the number of command buffers to execute in the batch.

- `pCommandBuffers` is a pointer to an array of VkCommandBuffer handles to execute in the batch.

- `signalSemaphoreCount` is the number of semaphores to be signaled once the commands specified in `pCommandBuffers` have completed execution.

- `pSignalSemaphores` is a pointer to an array of VkSemaphore handles which will be signaled when the command buffers for this batch have completed execution. If semaphores to be signaled are provided, they define a semaphore signal operation.

The order that command buffers appear in `pCommandBuffers` is used to determine submission order, and thus all the implicit ordering guarantees that respect it. Other than these implicit ordering guarantees and any explicit synchronization primitives, these command buffers may overlap or otherwise execute out of order.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pWaitDstStageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `pWaitDstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pWaitDstStageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `pWaitDstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pWaitDstStageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `pWaitDstStageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pCommandBuffers-00075
  Each element of `pCommandBuffers` must not have been allocated with `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_SECONDARY`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pWaitDstStageMask-00078
  Each element of `pWaitDstStageMask` must not include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pWaitSemaphores-03239
  If any element of `pWaitSemaphores` or `pSignalSemaphores` was created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`, then the `pNext` chain must include a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pNext-03240
  If the `pNext` chain of this structure includes a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure and any element of `pWaitSemaphores` was created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`, then its `waitSemaphoreValueCount` member must equal `waitSemaphoreCount`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pNext-03241
  If the `pNext` chain of this structure includes a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure and any element of `pSignalSemaphores` was created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`, then its `signalSemaphoreValueCount` member must equal `signalSemaphoreCount`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pSignalSemaphores-03242
  For each element of `pSignalSemaphores` created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` the corresponding element of VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`pSignalSemaphoreValues` must have a value greater than the current value of the semaphore when the semaphore signal operation is executed

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pWaitSemaphores-03243
  For each element of `pWaitSemaphores` created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` the corresponding element of VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`pWaitSemaphoreValues` must have a value which does not differ from the current value of the semaphore or the value of any outstanding semaphore wait or signal operation on that semaphore by more than `maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pSignalSemaphores-03244
  For each element of `pSignalSemaphores` created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` the corresponding element of VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`pSignalSemaphoreValues` must have a value which does not differ from the current value of the semaphore or the value of any outstanding semaphore wait or signal operation on that semaphore by more than `maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pNext-04120
  If the `pNext` chain of this structure does not include a `VkProtectedSubmitInfo` structure with `protectedSubmit` set to `VK_TRUE`, then each element of the `pCommandBuffers` array must be an unprotected command buffer

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pNext-04148
  If the `pNext` chain of this structure includes a `VkProtectedSubmitInfo` structure with `protectedSubmit` set to `VK_TRUE`, then each element of the `pCommandBuffers` array must be a protected command buffer

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pCommandBuffers-06193
  If `pCommandBuffers` contains any resumed render pass instances, they must be suspended by a render pass instance earlier in submission order within `pCommandBuffers`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pCommandBuffers-06014
  If `pCommandBuffers` contains any suspended render pass instances, they must be resumed by a render pass instance later in submission order within `pCommandBuffers`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pCommandBuffers-06015
  If `pCommandBuffers` contains any suspended render pass instances, there must be no action or synchronization commands between that render pass instance and the render pass instance that resumes it

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pCommandBuffers-06016
  If `pCommandBuffers` contains any suspended render pass instances, there must be no render pass instances between that render pass instance and the render pass instance that resumes it

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo, VkProtectedSubmitInfo, or VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pWaitSemaphores-parameter
  If `waitSemaphoreCount` is not `0`, `pWaitSemaphores` must be a valid pointer to an array of `waitSemaphoreCount` valid VkSemaphore handles

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pWaitDstStageMask-parameter
  If `waitSemaphoreCount` is not `0`, `pWaitDstStageMask` must be a valid pointer to an array of `waitSemaphoreCount` valid combinations of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pWaitDstStageMask-requiredbitmask
  Each element of `pWaitDstStageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pCommandBuffers-parameter
  If `commandBufferCount` is not `0`, `pCommandBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `commandBufferCount` valid VkCommandBuffer handles

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-pSignalSemaphores-parameter
  If `signalSemaphoreCount` is not `0`, `pSignalSemaphores` must be a valid pointer to an array of `signalSemaphoreCount` valid VkSemaphore handles

- VUID-VkSubmitInfo-commonparent
  Each of the elements of `pCommandBuffers`, the elements of `pSignalSemaphores`, and the elements of `pWaitSemaphores` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

To specify the values to use when waiting for and signaling semaphores created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`, add a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkSubmitInfo structure when using vkQueueSubmit or the VkBindSparseInfo structure when using vkQueueBindSparse. The `VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           waitSemaphoreValueCount;
        const uint64_t*    pWaitSemaphoreValues;
        uint32_t           signalSemaphoreValueCount;
        const uint64_t*    pSignalSemaphoreValues;
    } VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `waitSemaphoreValueCount` is the number of semaphore wait values specified in `pWaitSemaphoreValues`.

- `pWaitSemaphoreValues` is a pointer to an array of `waitSemaphoreValueCount` values for the corresponding semaphores in VkSubmitInfo::`pWaitSemaphores` to wait for.

- `signalSemaphoreValueCount` is the number of semaphore signal values specified in `pSignalSemaphoreValues`.

- `pSignalSemaphoreValues` is a pointer to an array `signalSemaphoreValueCount` values for the corresponding semaphores in VkSubmitInfo::`pSignalSemaphores` to set when signaled.

If the semaphore in VkSubmitInfo::`pWaitSemaphores` or VkSubmitInfo::`pSignalSemaphores` corresponding to an entry in `pWaitSemaphoreValues` or `pSignalSemaphoreValues` respectively was not created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`, the implementation must ignore the value in the `pWaitSemaphoreValues` or `pSignalSemaphoreValues` entry.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_SUBMIT_INFO`

- VUID-VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo-pWaitSemaphoreValues-parameter
  If `waitSemaphoreValueCount` is not `0`, and `pWaitSemaphoreValues` is not `NULL`, `pWaitSemaphoreValues` must be a valid pointer to an array of `waitSemaphoreValueCount` `uint64_t` values

- VUID-VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo-pSignalSemaphoreValues-parameter
  If `signalSemaphoreValueCount` is not `0`, and `pSignalSemaphoreValues` is not `NULL`, `pSignalSemaphoreValues` must be a valid pointer to an array of `signalSemaphoreValueCount` `uint64_t` values

If the `pNext` chain of VkSubmitInfo includes a `VkProtectedSubmitInfo` structure, then the structure indicates whether the batch is protected. The `VkProtectedSubmitInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkProtectedSubmitInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBool32           protectedSubmit;
    } VkProtectedSubmitInfo;

- `protectedSubmit` specifies whether the batch is protected. If `protectedSubmit` is `VK_TRUE`, the batch is protected. If `protectedSubmit` is `VK_FALSE`, the batch is unprotected. If the `VkSubmitInfo`::`pNext` chain does not include this structure, the batch is unprotected.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkProtectedSubmitInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PROTECTED_SUBMIT_INFO`

If the `pNext` chain of VkSubmitInfo includes a `VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo` structure, then that structure includes device indices and masks specifying which physical devices execute semaphore operations and command buffers.

The `VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           waitSemaphoreCount;
        const uint32_t*    pWaitSemaphoreDeviceIndices;
        uint32_t           commandBufferCount;
        const uint32_t*    pCommandBufferDeviceMasks;
        uint32_t           signalSemaphoreCount;
        const uint32_t*    pSignalSemaphoreDeviceIndices;
    } VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `waitSemaphoreCount` is the number of elements in the `pWaitSemaphoreDeviceIndices` array.

- `pWaitSemaphoreDeviceIndices` is a pointer to an array of `waitSemaphoreCount` device indices indicating which physical device executes the semaphore wait operation in the corresponding element of VkSubmitInfo::`pWaitSemaphores`.

- `commandBufferCount` is the number of elements in the `pCommandBufferDeviceMasks` array.

- `pCommandBufferDeviceMasks` is a pointer to an array of `commandBufferCount` device masks indicating which physical devices execute the command buffer in the corresponding element of VkSubmitInfo::`pCommandBuffers`. A physical device executes the command buffer if the corresponding bit is set in the mask.

- `signalSemaphoreCount` is the number of elements in the `pSignalSemaphoreDeviceIndices` array.

- `pSignalSemaphoreDeviceIndices` is a pointer to an array of `signalSemaphoreCount` device indices indicating which physical device executes the semaphore signal operation in the corresponding element of VkSubmitInfo::`pSignalSemaphores`.

If this structure is not present, semaphore operations and command buffers execute on device index zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo-waitSemaphoreCount-00082
  `waitSemaphoreCount` must equal VkSubmitInfo::`waitSemaphoreCount`

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo-commandBufferCount-00083
  `commandBufferCount` must equal VkSubmitInfo::`commandBufferCount`

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo-signalSemaphoreCount-00084
  `signalSemaphoreCount` must equal VkSubmitInfo::`signalSemaphoreCount`

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo-pWaitSemaphoreDeviceIndices-00085
  All elements of `pWaitSemaphoreDeviceIndices` and `pSignalSemaphoreDeviceIndices` must be valid device indices

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo-pCommandBufferDeviceMasks-00086
  All elements of `pCommandBufferDeviceMasks` must be valid device masks

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_SUBMIT_INFO`

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo-pWaitSemaphoreDeviceIndices-parameter
  If `waitSemaphoreCount` is not `0`, `pWaitSemaphoreDeviceIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `waitSemaphoreCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo-pCommandBufferDeviceMasks-parameter
  If `commandBufferCount` is not `0`, `pCommandBufferDeviceMasks` must be a valid pointer to an array of `commandBufferCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo-pSignalSemaphoreDeviceIndices-parameter
  If `signalSemaphoreCount` is not `0`, `pSignalSemaphoreDeviceIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `signalSemaphoreCount` `uint32_t` values

### 6.6. Queue Forward Progress

When using binary semaphores, the application must ensure that command buffer submissions will be able to complete without any subsequent operations by the application on any queue. After any call to `vkQueueSubmit` (or other queue operation), for every queued wait on a semaphore created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY` there must be a prior signal of that semaphore that will not be consumed by a different wait on the semaphore.

When using timeline semaphores, wait-before-signal behavior is well-defined and applications can submit work via `vkQueueSubmit` defining a timeline semaphore wait operation before submitting a corresponding semaphore signal operation. For each timeline semaphore wait operation defined by a call to `vkQueueSubmit`, the application must ensure that a corresponding semaphore signal operation is executed before forward progress can be made.

Command buffers in the submission can include vkCmdWaitEvents commands that wait on events that will not be signaled by earlier commands in the queue. Such events must be signaled by the application using vkSetEvent, and the `vkCmdWaitEvents` commands that wait upon them must not be inside a render pass instance. The event must be set before the vkCmdWaitEvents command is executed.

| Note Implementations may have some tolerance for waiting on events to be set, but this is defined outside of the scope of Vulkan.

### 6.7. Secondary Command Buffer Execution

A secondary command buffer must not be directly submitted to a queue. Instead, secondary command buffers are recorded to execute as part of a primary command buffer with the command:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdExecuteCommands(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    commandBufferCount,
        const VkCommandBuffer*                      pCommandBuffers);

- `commandBuffer` is a handle to a primary command buffer that the secondary command buffers are executed in.

- `commandBufferCount` is the length of the `pCommandBuffers` array.

- `pCommandBuffers` is a pointer to an array of `commandBufferCount` secondary command buffer handles, which are recorded to execute in the primary command buffer in the order they are listed in the array.

If any element of `pCommandBuffers` was not recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT` flag, and it was recorded into any other primary command buffer which is currently in the executable or recording state, that primary command buffer becomes invalid.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-00088
  Each element of `pCommandBuffers` must have been allocated with a `level` of `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_SECONDARY`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-00089
  Each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be in the pending or executable state

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-00091
  If any element of `pCommandBuffers` was not recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT` flag, it must not be in the pending state

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-00092
  If any element of `pCommandBuffers` was not recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT` flag, it must not have already been recorded to `commandBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-00093
  If any element of `pCommandBuffers` was not recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT` flag, it must not appear more than once in `pCommandBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-00094
  Each element of `pCommandBuffers` must have been allocated from a `VkCommandPool` that was created for the same queue family as the `VkCommandPool` from which `commandBuffer` was allocated

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-00096
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance, each element of `pCommandBuffers` must have been recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-00099
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance, and any element of `pCommandBuffers` was recorded with VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo::`framebuffer` not equal to VK_NULL_HANDLE, that `VkFramebuffer` must match the `VkFramebuffer` used in the current render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-contents-06018
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRenderPass, its `contents` parameter must have been set to `VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-06019
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRenderPass, each element of `pCommandBuffers` must have been recorded with VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo::`subpass` set to the index of the subpass which the given command buffer will be executed in

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pBeginInfo-06020
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRenderPass, the render passes specified in the `pBeginInfo->pInheritanceInfo->renderPass` members of the vkBeginCommandBuffer commands used to begin recording each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be compatible with the current render pass

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-00100
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is not being called within a render pass instance, each element of `pCommandBuffers` must not have been recorded with the `VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-00101
  If the inherited queries feature is not enabled, `commandBuffer` must not have any queries active

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-00102
  If `commandBuffer` has a `VK_QUERY_TYPE_OCCLUSION` query active, then each element of `pCommandBuffers` must have been recorded with `VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo`::`occlusionQueryEnable` set to `VK_TRUE`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-00103
  If `commandBuffer` has a `VK_QUERY_TYPE_OCCLUSION` query active, then each element of `pCommandBuffers` must have been recorded with `VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo`::`queryFlags` having all bits set that are set for the query

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-00104
  If `commandBuffer` has a `VK_QUERY_TYPE_PIPELINE_STATISTICS` query active, then each element of `pCommandBuffers` must have been recorded with `VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo`::`pipelineStatistics` having all bits set that are set in the `VkQueryPool` the query uses

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-00105
  Each element of `pCommandBuffers` must not begin any query types that are active in `commandBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-01820
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-01821
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be an unprotected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-06533
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance and any recorded command in `commandBuffer` in the current subpass will write to an image subresource as an attachment, commands recorded in elements of `pCommandBuffers` must not read from the memory backing that image subresource in any other way

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-06534
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance and any recorded command in `commandBuffer` in the current subpass will read from an image subresource used as an attachment in any way other than as an attachment, commands recorded in elements of `pCommandBuffers` must not write to that image subresource as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-06535
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance and any recorded command in a given element of `pCommandBuffers` will write to an image subresource as an attachment, commands recorded in elements of `pCommandBuffers` at a higher index must not read from the memory backing that image subresource in any other way

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-06536
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance and any recorded command in a given element of `pCommandBuffers` will read from an image subresource used as an attachment in any way other than as an attachment, commands recorded in elements of `pCommandBuffers` at a higher index must not write to that image subresource as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-06021
  If `pCommandBuffers` contains any suspended render pass instances, there must be no action or synchronization commands between that render pass instance and any render pass instance that resumes it

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-06022
  If `pCommandBuffers` contains any suspended render pass instances, there must be no render pass instances between that render pass instance and any render pass instance that resumes it

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-flags-06024
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, its VkRenderingInfo::`flags` parameter must have included `VK_RENDERING_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pBeginInfo-06025
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the render passes specified in the `pBeginInfo->pInheritanceInfo->renderPass` members of the vkBeginCommandBuffer commands used to begin recording each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-flags-06026
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `flags` member of the VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkCommandBufferBeginInfo::`pInheritanceInfo` used to begin recording each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be equal to the VkRenderingInfo::`flags` parameter to vkCmdBeginRendering, excluding `VK_RENDERING_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-colorAttachmentCount-06027
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `colorAttachmentCount` member of the VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkCommandBufferBeginInfo::`pInheritanceInfo` used to begin recording each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be equal to the VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` parameter to vkCmdBeginRendering

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-imageView-06028
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, if the `imageView` member of an element of the VkRenderingInfo::`pColorAttachments` parameter to vkCmdBeginRendering is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the corresponding element of the `pColorAttachmentFormats` member of the VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkCommandBufferBeginInfo::`pInheritanceInfo` used to begin recording each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be equal to the format used to create that image view

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pDepthAttachment-06029
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, if the VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->imageView` parameter to vkCmdBeginRendering is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of the `depthAttachmentFormat` member of the VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkCommandBufferBeginInfo::`pInheritanceInfo` used to begin recording each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be equal to the format used to create that image view

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pStencilAttachment-06030
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, if the VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->imageView` parameter to vkCmdBeginRendering is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of the `stencilAttachmentFormat` member of the VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkCommandBufferBeginInfo::`pInheritanceInfo` used to begin recording each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be equal to the format used to create that image view

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-viewMask-06031
  If `vkCmdExecuteCommands` is being called within a render pass instance begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `viewMask` member of the VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkCommandBufferBeginInfo::`pInheritanceInfo` used to begin recording each element of `pCommandBuffers` must be equal to the VkRenderingInfo::`viewMask` parameter to vkCmdBeginRendering

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-pCommandBuffers-parameter
  `pCommandBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `commandBufferCount` valid VkCommandBuffer handles

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-bufferlevel
  `commandBuffer` must be a primary `VkCommandBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commandBufferCount-arraylength
  `commandBufferCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdExecuteCommands-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and the elements of `pCommandBuffers` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary | Both | Transfer Graphics Compute

### 6.8. Command Buffer Device Mask

Each command buffer has a piece of state storing the current device mask of the command buffer. This mask controls which physical devices within the logical device all subsequent commands will execute on, including state-setting commands, action commands, and synchronization commands.

Scissor and viewport state (excluding the count of each) can be set to different values on each physical device (only when set as dynamic state), and each physical device will render using its local copy of the state. Other state is shared between physical devices, such that all physical devices use the most recently set values for the state. However, when recording an action command that uses a piece of state, the most recent command that set that state must have included all physical devices that execute the action command in its current device mask.

The command buffer’s device mask is orthogonal to the `pCommandBufferDeviceMasks` member of VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo. Commands only execute on a physical device if the device index is set in both device masks.

If the `pNext` chain of VkCommandBufferBeginInfo includes a `VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo` structure, then that structure includes an initial device mask for the command buffer.

The `VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           deviceMask;
    } VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `deviceMask` is the initial value of the command buffer’s device mask.

The initial device mask also acts as an upper bound on the set of devices that can ever be in the device mask in the command buffer.

If this structure is not present, the initial value of a command buffer’s device mask is set to include all physical devices in the logical device when the command buffer begins recording.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo-deviceMask-00106
  `deviceMask` must be a valid device mask value

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo-deviceMask-00107
  `deviceMask` must not be zero

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO`

To update the current device mask of a command buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkCmdSetDeviceMask(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    deviceMask);

- `commandBuffer` is command buffer whose current device mask is modified.

- `deviceMask` is the new value of the current device mask.

`deviceMask` is used to filter out subsequent commands from executing on all physical devices whose bit indices are not set in the mask, except commands beginning a render pass instance, commands transitioning to the next subpass in the render pass instance, and commands ending a render pass instance, which always execute on the set of physical devices whose bit indices are included in the `deviceMask` member of the VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo structure passed to the command beginning the corresponding render pass instance.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetDeviceMask-deviceMask-00108
  `deviceMask` must be a valid device mask value

- VUID-vkCmdSetDeviceMask-deviceMask-00109
  `deviceMask` must not be zero

- VUID-vkCmdSetDeviceMask-deviceMask-00110
  `deviceMask` must not include any set bits that were not in the VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo::`deviceMask` value when the command buffer began recording

- VUID-vkCmdSetDeviceMask-deviceMask-00111
  If `vkCmdSetDeviceMask` is called inside a render pass instance, `deviceMask` must not include any set bits that were not in the VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo::`deviceMask` value when the render pass instance began recording

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDeviceMask-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDeviceMask-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDeviceMask-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, compute, or transfer operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics Compute Transfer

## 7. Synchronization and Cache Control

Synchronization of access to resources is primarily the responsibility of the application in Vulkan. The order of execution of commands with respect to the host and other commands on the device has few implicit guarantees, and needs to be explicitly specified. Memory caches and other optimizations are also explicitly managed, requiring that the flow of data through the system is largely under application control.

Whilst some implicit guarantees exist between commands, five explicit synchronization mechanisms are exposed by Vulkan:

Fences

  Fences can be used to communicate to the host that execution of some task on the device has completed.

Semaphores

  Semaphores can be used to control resource access across multiple queues.

Events

  Events provide a fine-grained synchronization primitive which can be signaled either within a command buffer or by the host, and can be waited upon within a command buffer or queried on the host.

Pipeline Barriers

  Pipeline barriers also provide synchronization control within a command buffer, but at a single point, rather than with separate signal and wait operations.

Render Passes

  Render passes provide a useful synchronization framework for most rendering tasks, built upon the concepts in this chapter. Many cases that would otherwise need an application to use other synchronization primitives can be expressed more efficiently as part of a render pass.

### 7.1. Execution and Memory Dependencies

An operation is an arbitrary amount of work to be executed on the host, a device, or an external entity such as a presentation engine. Synchronization commands introduce explicit execution dependencies, and memory dependencies between two sets of operations defined by the command’s two synchronization scopes.

The synchronization scopes define which other operations a synchronization command is able to create execution dependencies with. Any type of operation that is not in a synchronization command’s synchronization scopes will not be included in the resulting dependency. For example, for many synchronization commands, the synchronization scopes can be limited to just operations executing in specific pipeline stages, which allows other pipeline stages to be excluded from a dependency. Other scoping options are possible, depending on the particular command.

An execution dependency is a guarantee that for two sets of operations, the first set must happen-before the second set. If an operation happens-before another operation, then the first operation must complete before the second operation is initiated. More precisely:

- Let A and B be separate sets of operations.

- Let S be a synchronization command.

- Let AS and BS be the synchronization scopes of S.

- Let A' be the intersection of sets A and AS.

- Let B' be the intersection of sets B and BS.

- Submitting A, S and B for execution, in that order, will result in execution dependency E between A' and B'.

- Execution dependency E guarantees that A' happens-before B'.

An execution dependency chain is a sequence of execution dependencies that form a happens-before relation between the first dependency’s A' and the final dependency’s B'. For each consecutive pair of execution dependencies, a chain exists if the intersection of BS in the first dependency and AS in the second dependency is not an empty set. The formation of a single execution dependency from an execution dependency chain can be described by substituting the following in the description of execution dependencies:

- Let S be a set of synchronization commands that generate an execution dependency chain.

- Let AS be the first synchronization scope of the first command in S.

- Let BS be the second synchronization scope of the last command in S.

Execution dependencies alone are not sufficient to guarantee that values resulting from writes in one set of operations can be read from another set of operations.

Three additional types of operations are used to control memory access. Availability operations cause the values generated by specified memory write accesses to become available to a memory domain for future access. Any available value remains available until a subsequent write to the same memory location occurs (whether it is made available or not) or the memory is freed. Memory domain operations cause writes that are available to a source memory domain to become available to a destination memory domain (an example of this is making writes available to the host domain available to the device domain). Visibility operations cause values available to a memory domain to become visible to specified memory accesses.

Availability, visibility, memory domains, and memory domain operations are formally defined in the Availability and Visibility section of the Memory Model chapter. Which API operations perform each of these operations is defined in Availability, Visibility, and Domain Operations.

A memory dependency is an execution dependency which includes availability and visibility operations such that:

- The first set of operations happens-before the availability operation.

- The availability operation happens-before the visibility operation.

- The visibility operation happens-before the second set of operations.

Once written values are made visible to a particular type of memory access, they can be read or written by that type of memory access. Most synchronization commands in Vulkan define a memory dependency.

The specific memory accesses that are made available and visible are defined by the access scopes of a memory dependency. Any type of access that is in a memory dependency’s first access scope and occurs in A' is made available. Any type of access that is in a memory dependency’s second access scope and occurs in B' has any available writes made visible to it. Any type of operation that is not in a synchronization command’s access scopes will not be included in the resulting dependency.

A memory dependency enforces availability and visibility of memory accesses and execution order between two sets of operations. Adding to the description of execution dependency chains:

- Let a be the set of memory accesses performed by A'.

- Let b be the set of memory accesses performed by B'.

- Let aS be the first access scope of the first command in S.

- Let bS be the second access scope of the last command in S.

- Let a' be the intersection of sets a and aS.

- Let b' be the intersection of sets b and bS.

- Submitting A, S and B for execution, in that order, will result in a memory dependency m between A' and B'.

- Memory dependency m guarantees that:

  - Memory writes in a' are made available.

  - Available memory writes, including those from a', are made visible to b'.

| Note Execution and memory dependencies are used to solve data hazards, i.e. to ensure that read and write operations occur in a well-defined order. Write-after-read hazards can be solved with just an execution dependency, but read-after-write and write-after-write hazards need appropriate memory dependencies to be included between them. If an application does not include dependencies to solve these hazards, the results and execution orders of memory accesses are undefined.

#### 7.1.1. Image Layout Transitions

Image subresources can be transitioned from one layout to another as part of a memory dependency (e.g. by using an image memory barrier). When a layout transition is specified in a memory dependency, it happens-after the availability operations in the memory dependency, and happens-before the visibility operations. Image layout transitions may perform read and write accesses on all memory bound to the image subresource range, so applications must ensure that all memory writes have been made available before a layout transition is executed. Available memory is automatically made visible to a layout transition, and writes performed by a layout transition are automatically made available.

Layout transitions always apply to a particular image subresource range, and specify both an old layout and new layout. The old layout must either be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, or match the current layout of the image subresource range. If the old layout matches the current layout of the image subresource range, the transition preserves the contents of that range. If the old layout is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, the contents of that range may be discarded.

As image layout transitions may perform read and write accesses on the memory bound to the image, if the image subresource affected by the layout transition is bound to peer memory for any device in the current device mask then the memory heap the bound memory comes from must support the `VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_GENERIC_SRC_BIT` and `VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_GENERIC_DST_BIT` capabilities as returned by vkGetDeviceGroupPeerMemoryFeatures.

| Note Applications must ensure that layout transitions happen-after all operations accessing the image with the old layout, and happen-before any operations that will access the image with the new layout. Layout transitions are potentially read/write operations, so not defining appropriate memory dependencies to guarantee this will result in a data race.

Image layout transitions interact with memory aliasing.

Layout transitions that are performed via image memory barriers execute in their entirety in submission order, relative to other image layout transitions submitted to the same queue, including those performed by render passes. In effect there is an implicit execution dependency from each such layout transition to all layout transitions previously submitted to the same queue.

#### 7.1.2. Pipeline Stages

The work performed by an action or synchronization command consists of multiple operations, which are performed as a sequence of logically independent steps known as pipeline stages. The exact pipeline stages executed depend on the particular command that is used, and current command buffer state when the command was recorded. Drawing commands, dispatching commands, copy commands, clear commands, and synchronization commands all execute in different sets of pipeline stages. Synchronization commands do not execute in a defined pipeline stage.

| Note Operations performed by synchronization commands (e.g. availability and visibility operations) are not executed by a defined pipeline stage. However other commands can still synchronize with them by using the synchronization scopes to create a dependency chain.

Execution of operations across pipeline stages must adhere to implicit ordering guarantees, particularly including pipeline stage order. Otherwise, execution across pipeline stages may overlap or execute out of order with regards to other stages, unless otherwise enforced by an execution dependency.

Several of the synchronization commands include pipeline stage parameters, restricting the synchronization scopes for that command to just those stages. This allows fine grained control over the exact execution dependencies and accesses performed by action commands. Implementations should use these pipeline stages to avoid unnecessary stalls or cache flushing.

Bits which can be set in a VkPipelineStageFlags2 mask, specifying stages of execution, are:

| editing-note The many places pipeline stage flags are used are not currently listed here.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    // Flag bits for VkPipelineStageFlagBits2
    typedef VkFlags64 VkPipelineStageFlagBits2;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_NONE = 0ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_NONE_KHR = 0ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT = 0x00000001ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000001ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT = 0x00000002ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT_KHR = 0x00000002ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT = 0x00000004ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT_KHR = 0x00000004ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000008ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000008ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000010ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000010ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000020ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000020ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000040ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000040ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000080ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000080ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT = 0x00000100ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT_KHR = 0x00000100ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT = 0x00000200ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT_KHR = 0x00000200ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT = 0x00000400ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT_KHR = 0x00000400ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000800ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000800ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT = 0x00001000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00001000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TRANSFER_BIT = 0x00001000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TRANSFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00001000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT = 0x00002000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT_KHR = 0x00002000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT = 0x00004000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT_KHR = 0x00004000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT = 0x00008000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT_KHR = 0x00008000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT = 0x00010000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT_KHR = 0x00010000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT = 0x100000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT_KHR = 0x100000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT = 0x200000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT_KHR = 0x200000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT = 0x400000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT_KHR = 0x400000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT = 0x800000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT_KHR = 0x800000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT = 0x1000000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT_KHR = 0x1000000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT = 0x2000000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT_KHR = 0x2000000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_PRE_RASTERIZATION_SHADERS_BIT = 0x4000000000ULL;
    static const VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_PRE_RASTERIZATION_SHADERS_BIT_KHR = 0x4000000000ULL;

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_NONE` specifies no stages of execution.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline where indirect command parameters are consumed.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline where index buffers are consumed.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline where vertex buffers are consumed.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT` is equivalent to the logical OR of:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT` specifies the vertex shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` specifies the tessellation control shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT` specifies the tessellation evaluation shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT` specifies the geometry shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_PRE_RASTERIZATION_SHADERS_BIT` is equivalent to specifying all supported pre-rasterization shader stages:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT` specifies the fragment shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline where early fragment tests (depth and stencil tests before fragment shading) are performed. This stage also includes subpass load operations for framebuffer attachments with a depth/stencil format.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline where late fragment tests (depth and stencil tests after fragment shading) are performed. This stage also includes subpass store operations for framebuffer attachments with a depth/stencil format.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline after blending where the final color values are output from the pipeline. This stage also includes subpass load and store operations and multisample resolve operations for framebuffer attachments with a color or depth/stencil format.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT` specifies the compute shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT` specifies a pseudo-stage indicating execution on the host of reads/writes of device memory. This stage is not invoked by any commands recorded in a command buffer.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT` specifies the execution of all copy commands, including vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT` specifies the execution of vkCmdBlitImage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT` specifies the execution of vkCmdResolveImage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT` specifies the execution of clear commands, with the exception of vkCmdClearAttachments.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT` is equivalent to specifying all of:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT` specifies the execution of all graphics pipeline stages, and is equivalent to the logical OR of:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT` specifies all operations performed by all commands supported on the queue it is used with.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT` is equivalent to `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT` with VkAccessFlags2 set to `0` when specified in the second synchronization scope, but equivalent to `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_NONE` in the first scope.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT` is equivalent to `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT` with VkAccessFlags2 set to `0` when specified in the first synchronization scope, but equivalent to `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_NONE` in the second scope.

| Note The `TOP` and `BOTTOM` pipeline stages are deprecated, and applications should prefer `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT` and `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_NONE`.

| Note The `VkPipelineStageFlags2` bitmask goes beyond the 31 individual bit flags allowable within a C99 enum, which is how VkPipelineStageFlagBits is defined. The first 31 values are common to both, and are interchangeable.

`VkPipelineStageFlags2` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 flags:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef VkFlags64 VkPipelineStageFlags2;

Bits which can be set in a VkPipelineStageFlags mask, specifying stages of execution, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkPipelineStageFlagBits {
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000040,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000080,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT = 0x00000100,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT = 0x00000200,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT = 0x00000400,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT = 0x00000800,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT = 0x00001000,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT = 0x00002000,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT = 0x00004000,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT = 0x00008000,
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT = 0x00010000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_NONE = 0,
    } VkPipelineStageFlagBits;

These values all have the same meaning as the equivalently named values for VkPipelineStageFlags2.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_NONE` specifies no stages of execution.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline where `VkDrawIndirect*` / `VkDispatchIndirect*` / `VkTraceRaysIndirect*` data structures are consumed.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline where vertex and index buffers are consumed.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT` specifies the vertex shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` specifies the tessellation control shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT` specifies the tessellation evaluation shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT` specifies the geometry shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT` specifies the fragment shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline where early fragment tests (depth and stencil tests before fragment shading) are performed. This stage also includes subpass load operations for framebuffer attachments with a depth/stencil format.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline where late fragment tests (depth and stencil tests after fragment shading) are performed. This stage also includes subpass store operations for framebuffer attachments with a depth/stencil format.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` specifies the stage of the pipeline after blending where the final color values are output from the pipeline. This stage also includes subpass load and store operations and multisample resolve operations for framebuffer attachments with a color or depth/stencil format.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT` specifies the execution of a compute shader.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT` specifies the following commands:

  - All copy commands, including vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults

  - vkCmdBlitImage2 and vkCmdBlitImage

  - vkCmdResolveImage2 and vkCmdResolveImage

  - All clear commands, with the exception of vkCmdClearAttachments

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT` specifies a pseudo-stage indicating execution on the host of reads/writes of device memory. This stage is not invoked by any commands recorded in a command buffer.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT` specifies the execution of all graphics pipeline stages, and is equivalent to the logical OR of:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT` specifies all operations performed by all commands supported on the queue it is used with.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT` is equivalent to `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT` with VkAccessFlags set to `0` when specified in the second synchronization scope, but specifies no stage of execution when specified in the first scope.

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT` is equivalent to `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT` with VkAccessFlags set to `0` when specified in the first synchronization scope, but specifies no stage of execution when specified in the second scope.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineStageFlags;

`VkPipelineStageFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkPipelineStageFlagBits.

If a synchronization command includes a source stage mask, its first synchronization scope only includes execution of the pipeline stages specified in that mask, and its first access scope only includes memory accesses performed by pipeline stages specified in that mask.

If a synchronization command includes a destination stage mask, its second synchronization scope only includes execution of the pipeline stages specified in that mask, and its second access scope only includes memory access performed by pipeline stages specified in that mask.

| Note Including a particular pipeline stage in the first synchronization scope of a command implicitly includes logically earlier pipeline stages in the synchronization scope. Similarly, the second synchronization scope includes logically later pipeline stages. However, note that access scopes are not affected in this way - only the precise stages specified are considered part of each access scope.

Certain pipeline stages are only available on queues that support a particular set of operations. The following table lists, for each pipeline stage flag, which queue capability flag must be supported by the queue. When multiple flags are enumerated in the second column of the table, it means that the pipeline stage is supported on the queue if it supports any of the listed capability flags. For further details on queue capabilities see Physical Device Enumeration and Queues.

Table 3. Supported pipeline stage flags
Pipeline stage flag | Required queue capability flag
--- | ---
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_NONE` | None required
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT` | None required
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_TRANSFER_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT` | None required
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT` | None required
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT` | `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`
`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT` | None required

Pipeline stages that execute as a result of a command logically complete execution in a specific order, such that completion of a logically later pipeline stage must not happen-before completion of a logically earlier stage. This means that including any stage in the source stage mask for a particular synchronization command also implies that any logically earlier stages are included in AS for that command.

Similarly, initiation of a logically earlier pipeline stage must not happen-after initiation of a logically later pipeline stage. Including any given stage in the destination stage mask for a particular synchronization command also implies that any logically later stages are included in BS for that command.

| Note Implementations may not support synchronization at every pipeline stage for every synchronization operation. If a pipeline stage that an implementation does not support synchronization for appears in a source stage mask, it may substitute any logically later stage in its place for the first synchronization scope. If a pipeline stage that an implementation does not support synchronization for appears in a destination stage mask, it may substitute any logically earlier stage in its place for the second synchronization scope. For example, if an implementation is unable to signal an event immediately after vertex shader execution is complete, it may instead signal the event after color attachment output has completed. If an implementation makes such a substitution, it must not affect the semantics of execution or memory dependencies or image and buffer memory barriers.

Graphics pipelines are executable on queues supporting `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`. Stages executed by graphics pipelines can only be specified in commands recorded for queues supporting `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`.

The graphics pipeline executes the following stages, with the logical ordering of the stages matching the order specified here:

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT`

For the compute pipeline, the following stages occur in this order:

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT`

For the transfer pipeline, the following stages occur in this order:

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT`

For host operations, only one pipeline stage occurs, so no order is guaranteed:

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT`

#### 7.1.3. Access Types

Memory in Vulkan can be accessed from within shader invocations and via some fixed-function stages of the pipeline. The access type is a function of the descriptor type used, or how a fixed-function stage accesses memory.

Some synchronization commands take sets of access types as parameters to define the access scopes of a memory dependency. If a synchronization command includes a source access mask, its first access scope only includes accesses via the access types specified in that mask. Similarly, if a synchronization command includes a destination access mask, its second access scope only includes accesses via the access types specified in that mask.

Bits which can be set in the `srcAccessMask` and `dstAccessMask` members of `VkMemoryBarrier2KHR`, `VkImageMemoryBarrier2KHR`, and `VkBufferMemoryBarrier2KHR`, specifying access behavior, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    // Flag bits for VkAccessFlagBits2
    typedef VkFlags64 VkAccessFlagBits2;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_NONE = 0ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_NONE_KHR = 0ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT = 0x00000001ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00000001ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_INDEX_READ_BIT = 0x00000002ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_INDEX_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00000002ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT = 0x00000004ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00000004ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_UNIFORM_READ_BIT = 0x00000008ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_UNIFORM_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00000008ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT = 0x00000010ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00000010ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_READ_BIT = 0x00000020ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00000020ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_WRITE_BIT = 0x00000040ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_WRITE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000040ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT = 0x00000080ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00000080ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT = 0x00000100ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000100ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT = 0x00000200ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00000200ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT = 0x00000400ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000400ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_READ_BIT = 0x00000800ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00000800ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT = 0x00001000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT_KHR = 0x00001000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_READ_BIT = 0x00002000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00002000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_WRITE_BIT = 0x00004000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_WRITE_BIT_KHR = 0x00004000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_MEMORY_READ_BIT = 0x00008000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_MEMORY_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x00008000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT = 0x00010000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT_KHR = 0x00010000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_SAMPLED_READ_BIT = 0x100000000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_SAMPLED_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x100000000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT = 0x200000000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT_KHR = 0x200000000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT = 0x400000000ULL;
    static const VkAccessFlagBits2 VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT_KHR = 0x400000000ULL;

- `VK_ACCESS_2_NONE` specifies no accesses.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_MEMORY_READ_BIT` specifies all read accesses. It is always valid in any access mask, and is treated as equivalent to setting all `READ` access flags that are valid where it is used.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT` specifies all write accesses. It is always valid in any access mask, and is treated as equivalent to setting all `WRITE` access flags that are valid where it is used.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT` specifies read access to command data read from indirect buffers as part of an indirect drawing or dispatch command. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_INDEX_READ_BIT` specifies read access to an index buffer as part of an indexed drawing command, bound by vkCmdBindIndexBuffer. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a vertex buffer as part of a drawing command, bound by vkCmdBindVertexBuffers. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_UNIFORM_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a uniform buffer in any shader pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT` specifies read access to an input attachment within a render pass during fragment shading. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_SAMPLED_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a uniform texel buffer or sampled image in any shader pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a storage buffer, physical storage buffer, storage texel buffer, or storage image in any shader pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_READ_BIT` is equivalent to the logical OR of:

  - `VK_ACCESS_2_UNIFORM_READ_BIT`

  - `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_SAMPLED_READ_BIT`

  - `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT`

- `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT` specifies write access to a storage buffer, physical storage buffer, storage texel buffer, or storage image in any shader pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_WRITE_BIT` is equivalent to `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT`.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a color attachment, such as via blending, logic operations, or via certain subpass load operations. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT` specifies write access to a color, resolve, or depth/stencil resolve attachment during a render pass or via certain subpass load and store operations. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a depth/stencil attachment, via depth or stencil operations or via certain subpass load operations. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` pipeline stages.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT` specifies write access to a depth/stencil attachment, via depth or stencil operations or via certain subpass load and store operations. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` pipeline stages.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_READ_BIT` specifies read access to an image or buffer in a copy operation. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT` pipeline stages.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT` specifies write access to an image or buffer in a clear or copy operation. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT` pipeline stages.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_READ_BIT` specifies read access by a host operation. Accesses of this type are not performed through a resource, but directly on memory. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_WRITE_BIT` specifies write access by a host operation. Accesses of this type are not performed through a resource, but directly on memory. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT` pipeline stage.

| Note In situations where an application wishes to select all access types for a given set of pipeline stages, `VK_ACCESS_2_MEMORY_READ_BIT` or `VK_ACCESS_2_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT` can be used. This is particularly useful when specifying stages that only have a single access type.

| Note The `VkAccessFlags2` bitmask goes beyond the 31 individual bit flags allowable within a C99 enum, which is how VkAccessFlagBits is defined. The first 31 values are common to both, and are interchangeable.

`VkAccessFlags2` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkAccessFlagBits2:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef VkFlags64 VkAccessFlags2;

Bits which can be set in the `srcAccessMask` and `dstAccessMask` members of VkSubpassDependency, VkMemoryBarrier, VkBufferMemoryBarrier, and VkImageMemoryBarrier, specifying access behavior, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkAccessFlagBits {
        VK_ACCESS_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_ACCESS_INDEX_READ_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_ACCESS_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_ACCESS_UNIFORM_READ_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_ACCESS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT = 0x00000040,
        VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT = 0x00000080,
        VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT = 0x00000100,
        VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT = 0x00000200,
        VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT = 0x00000400,
        VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT = 0x00000800,
        VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT = 0x00001000,
        VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT = 0x00002000,
        VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT = 0x00004000,
        VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT = 0x00008000,
        VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT = 0x00010000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_ACCESS_NONE = 0,
    } VkAccessFlagBits;

These values all have the same meaning as the equivalently named values for VkAccessFlags2.

- `VK_ACCESS_NONE` specifies no accesses.

- `VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT` specifies all read accesses. It is always valid in any access mask, and is treated as equivalent to setting all `READ` access flags that are valid where it is used.

- `VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT` specifies all write accesses. It is always valid in any access mask, and is treated as equivalent to setting all `WRITE` access flags that are valid where it is used.

- `VK_ACCESS_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT` specifies read access to indirect command data read as part of an indirect drawing or dispatching command. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_INDEX_READ_BIT` specifies read access to an index buffer as part of an indexed drawing command, bound by vkCmdBindIndexBuffer. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a vertex buffer as part of a drawing command, bound by vkCmdBindVertexBuffers. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_UNIFORM_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a uniform buffer in any shader pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT` specifies read access to an input attachment within a render pass during fragment shading. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a uniform buffer, uniform texel buffer, sampled image, storage buffer, physical storage buffer, storage texel buffer, or storage image in any shader pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT` specifies write access to a storage buffer, physical storage buffer, storage texel buffer, or storage image in any shader pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a color attachment, such as via blending, logic operations, or via certain subpass load operations.

- `VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT` specifies write access to a color, resolve, or depth/stencil resolve attachment during a render pass or via certain subpass load and store operations. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT` specifies read access to a depth/stencil attachment, via depth or stencil operations or via certain subpass load operations. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` pipeline stages.

- `VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT` specifies write access to a depth/stencil attachment, via depth or stencil operations or via certain subpass load and store operations. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` pipeline stages.

- `VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT` specifies read access to an image or buffer in a copy operation. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT` specifies write access to an image or buffer in a clear or copy operation. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT` specifies read access by a host operation. Accesses of this type are not performed through a resource, but directly on memory. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT` pipeline stage.

- `VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT` specifies write access by a host operation. Accesses of this type are not performed through a resource, but directly on memory. Such access occurs in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT` pipeline stage.

Certain access types are only performed by a subset of pipeline stages. Any synchronization command that takes both stage masks and access masks uses both to define the access scopes - only the specified access types performed by the specified stages are included in the access scope. An application must not specify an access flag in a synchronization command if it does not include a pipeline stage in the corresponding stage mask that is able to perform accesses of that type. The following table lists, for each access flag, which pipeline stages can perform that type of access.

Table 4. Supported access types
Access flag | Supported pipeline stages
--- | ---
`VK_ACCESS_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_INDEX_READ_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_UNIFORM_READ_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT` | `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT`
`VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT` | Any
`VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT` | Any

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkAccessFlags;

`VkAccessFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkAccessFlagBits.

If a memory object does not have the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` property, then vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges must be called in order to guarantee that writes to the memory object from the host are made available to the host domain, where they can be further made available to the device domain via a domain operation. Similarly, vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges must be called to guarantee that writes which are available to the host domain are made visible to host operations.

If the memory object does have the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` property flag, writes to the memory object from the host are automatically made available to the host domain. Similarly, writes made available to the host domain are automatically made visible to the host.

| Note Queue submission commands automatically perform a domain operation from host to device for all writes performed before the command executes, so in most cases an explicit memory barrier is not needed for this case. In the few circumstances where a submit does not occur between the host write and the device read access, writes can be made available by using an explicit memory barrier.

#### 7.1.4. Framebuffer Region Dependencies

Pipeline stages that operate on, or with respect to, the framebuffer are collectively the framebuffer-space pipeline stages. These stages are:

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`

- `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT`

For these pipeline stages, an execution or memory dependency from the first set of operations to the second set can either be a single framebuffer-global dependency, or split into multiple framebuffer-local dependencies. A dependency with non-framebuffer-space pipeline stages is neither framebuffer-global nor framebuffer-local.

A framebuffer region is a set of sample (x, y, layer, sample) coordinates that is a subset of the entire framebuffer.

Both synchronization scopes of a framebuffer-local dependency include only the operations performed within corresponding framebuffer regions (as defined below). No ordering guarantees are made between different framebuffer regions for a framebuffer-local dependency.

Both synchronization scopes of a framebuffer-global dependency include operations on all framebuffer-regions.

If the first synchronization scope includes operations on pixels/fragments with N samples and the second synchronization scope includes operations on pixels/fragments with M samples, where N does not equal M, then a framebuffer region containing all samples at a given (x, y, layer) coordinate in the first synchronization scope corresponds to a region containing all samples at the same coordinate in the second synchronization scope. In other words, it is a pixel granularity dependency. If N equals M, then a framebuffer region containing a single (x, y, layer, sample) coordinate in the first synchronization scope corresponds to a region containing the same sample at the same coordinate in the second synchronization scope. In other words, it is a sample granularity dependency.

| Note Since fragment shader invocations are not specified to run in any particular groupings, the size of a framebuffer region is implementation-dependent, not known to the application, and must be assumed to be no larger than specified above.

| Note Practically, the pixel vs sample granularity dependency means that if an input attachment has a different number of samples than the pipeline’s `rasterizationSamples`, then a fragment can access any sample in the input attachment’s pixel even if it only uses framebuffer-local dependencies. If the input attachment has the same number of samples, then the fragment can only access the covered samples in its input `SampleMask` (i.e. the fragment operations happen-after a framebuffer-local dependency for each sample the fragment covers). To access samples that are not covered, a framebuffer-global dependency is required.

If a synchronization command includes a `dependencyFlags` parameter, and specifies the `VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT` flag, then it defines framebuffer-local dependencies for the framebuffer-space pipeline stages in that synchronization command, for all framebuffer regions. If no `dependencyFlags` parameter is included, or the `VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT` flag is not specified, then a framebuffer-global dependency is specified for those stages. The `VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT` flag does not affect the dependencies between non-framebuffer-space pipeline stages, nor does it affect the dependencies between framebuffer-space and non-framebuffer-space pipeline stages.

| Note Framebuffer-local dependencies are more efficient for most architectures; particularly tile-based architectures - which can keep framebuffer-regions entirely in on-chip registers and thus avoid external bandwidth across such a dependency. Including a framebuffer-global dependency in your rendering will usually force all implementations to flush data to memory, or to a higher level cache, breaking any potential locality optimizations.

#### 7.1.5. View-Local Dependencies

In a render pass instance that has multiview enabled, dependencies can be either view-local or view-global.

A view-local dependency only includes operations from a single source view from the source subpass in the first synchronization scope, and only includes operations from a single destination view from the destination subpass in the second synchronization scope. A view-global dependency includes all views in the view mask of the source and destination subpasses in the corresponding synchronization scopes.

If a synchronization command includes a `dependencyFlags` parameter and specifies the `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT` flag, then it defines view-local dependencies for that synchronization command, for all views. If no `dependencyFlags` parameter is included or the `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT` flag is not specified, then a view-global dependency is specified.

#### 7.1.6. Device-Local Dependencies

Dependencies can be either device-local or non-device-local. A device-local dependency acts as multiple separate dependencies, one for each physical device that executes the synchronization command, where each dependency only includes operations from that physical device in both synchronization scopes. A non-device-local dependency is a single dependency where both synchronization scopes include operations from all physical devices that participate in the synchronization command. For subpass dependencies, all physical devices in the VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo::`deviceMask` participate in the dependency, and for pipeline barriers all physical devices that are set in the command buffer’s current device mask participate in the dependency.

If a synchronization command includes a `dependencyFlags` parameter and specifies the `VK_DEPENDENCY_DEVICE_GROUP_BIT` flag, then it defines a non-device-local dependency for that synchronization command. If no `dependencyFlags` parameter is included or the `VK_DEPENDENCY_DEVICE_GROUP_BIT` flag is not specified, then it defines device-local dependencies for that synchronization command, for all participating physical devices.

Semaphore and event dependencies are device-local and only execute on the one physical device that performs the dependency.

### 7.2. Implicit Synchronization Guarantees

A small number of implicit ordering guarantees are provided by Vulkan, ensuring that the order in which commands are submitted is meaningful, and avoiding unnecessary complexity in common operations.

Submission order is a fundamental ordering in Vulkan, giving meaning to the order in which action and synchronization commands are recorded and submitted to a single queue. Explicit and implicit ordering guarantees between commands in Vulkan all work on the premise that this ordering is meaningful. This order does not itself define any execution or memory dependencies; synchronization commands and other orderings within the API use this ordering to define their scopes.

Submission order for any given set of commands is based on the order in which they were recorded to command buffers and then submitted. This order is determined as follows:

1. The initial order is determined by the order in which vkQueueSubmit and vkQueueSubmit2 commands are executed on the host, for a single queue, from first to last.

2. The order in which VkSubmitInfo structures are specified in the `pSubmits` parameter of vkQueueSubmit, or in which VkSubmitInfo2 structures are specified in the `pSubmits` parameter of vkQueueSubmit2, from lowest index to highest.

3. The order in which command buffers are specified in the `pCommandBuffers` member of VkSubmitInfo or VkSubmitInfo2 from lowest index to highest.

4. The order in which commands were recorded to a command buffer on the host, from first to last:

   - For commands recorded outside a render pass, this includes all other commands recorded outside a render pass, including vkCmdBeginRenderPass and vkCmdEndRenderPass commands; it does not directly include commands inside a render pass.

   - For commands recorded inside a render pass, this includes all other commands recorded inside the same subpass, including the vkCmdBeginRenderPass and vkCmdEndRenderPass commands that delimit the same render pass instance; it does not include commands recorded to other subpasses. State commands do not execute any operations on the device, instead they set the state of the command buffer when they execute on the host, in the order that they are recorded. Action commands consume the current state of the command buffer when they are recorded, and will execute state changes on the device as required to match the recorded state.

Query commands, the order of primitives passing through the graphics pipeline and image layout transitions as part of an image memory barrier provide additional guarantees based on submission order.

Execution of pipeline stages within a given command also has a loose ordering, dependent only on a single command.

Signal operation order is a fundamental ordering in Vulkan, giving meaning to the order in which semaphore and fence signal operations occur when submitted to a single queue. The signal operation order for queue operations is determined as follows:

1. The initial order is determined by the order in which vkQueueSubmit and vkQueueSubmit2 commands are executed on the host, for a single queue, from first to last.

2. The order in which VkSubmitInfo structures are specified in the `pSubmits` parameter of vkQueueSubmit, or in which VkSubmitInfo2 structures are specified in the `pSubmits` parameter of vkQueueSubmit2, from lowest index to highest.

3. The fence signal operation defined by the `fence` parameter of a vkQueueSubmit, vkQueueSubmit2, or vkQueueBindSparse command is ordered after all semaphore signal operations defined by that command.

Semaphore signal operations defined by a single VkSubmitInfo, VkSubmitInfo2, or VkBindSparseInfo structure are unordered with respect to other semaphore signal operations defined within the same structure.

The vkSignalSemaphore command does not execute on a queue but instead performs the signal operation from the host. The semaphore signal operation defined by executing a vkSignalSemaphore command happens-after the vkSignalSemaphore command is invoked and happens-before the command returns.

| Note When signaling timeline semaphores, it is the responsibility of the application to ensure that they are ordered such that the semaphore value is strictly increasing. Because the first synchronization scope for a semaphore signal operation contains all semaphore signal operations which occur earlier in submission order, all semaphore signal operations contained in any given batch are guaranteed to happen-after all semaphore signal operations contained in any previous batches. However, no ordering guarantee is provided between the semaphore signal operations defined within a single batch. This, combined with the requirement that timeline semaphore values strictly increase, means that it is invalid to signal the same timeline semaphore twice within a single batch. If an application wishes to ensure that some semaphore signal operation happens-after some other semaphore signal operation, it can submit a separate batch containing only semaphore signal operations, which will happen-after the semaphore signal operations in any earlier batches. When signaling a semaphore from the host, the only ordering guarantee is that the signal operation happens-after when vkSignalSemaphore is called and happens-before it returns. Therefore, it is invalid to call `vkSignalSemaphore` while there are any outstanding signal operations on that semaphore from any queue submissions unless those queue submissions have some dependency which ensures that they happen-after the host signal operation. One example of this would be if the pending signal operation is, itself, waiting on the same semaphore at a lower value and the call to `vkSignalSemaphore` signals that lower value. Furthermore, if there are two or more processes or threads signaling the same timeline semaphore from the host, the application must ensure that the `vkSignalSemaphore` with the lower semaphore value returns before `vkSignalSemaphore` is called with the higher value.

### 7.3. Fences

Fences are a synchronization primitive that can be used to insert a dependency from a queue to the host. Fences have two states - signaled and unsignaled. A fence can be signaled as part of the execution of a queue submission command. Fences can be unsignaled on the host with vkResetFences. Fences can be waited on by the host with the vkWaitForFences command, and the current state can be queried with vkGetFenceStatus.

The internal data of a fence may include a reference to any resources and pending work associated with signal or unsignal operations performed on that fence object, collectively referred to as the fence’s payload. Mechanisms to import and export that internal data to and from fences are provided below. These mechanisms indirectly enable applications to share fence state between two or more fences and other synchronization primitives across process and API boundaries.

Fences are represented by `VkFence` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkFence)

To create a fence, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateFence(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkFenceCreateInfo*                    pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkFence*                                    pFence);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the fence.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkFenceCreateInfo structure containing information about how the fence is to be created.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pFence` is a pointer to a handle in which the resulting fence object is returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateFence-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateFence-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkFenceCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateFence-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateFence-pFence-parameter
  `pFence` must be a valid pointer to a VkFence handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkFenceCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkFenceCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        const void*           pNext;
        VkFenceCreateFlags    flags;
    } VkFenceCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkFenceCreateFlagBits specifying the initial state and behavior of the fence.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkFenceCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkFenceCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkExportFenceCreateInfo

- VUID-VkFenceCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkFenceCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkFenceCreateFlagBits values

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkFenceCreateFlagBits {
        VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkFenceCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT` specifies that the fence object is created in the signaled state. Otherwise, it is created in the unsignaled state.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkFenceCreateFlags;

`VkFenceCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkFenceCreateFlagBits.

To create a fence whose payload can be exported to external handles, add a VkExportFenceCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkFenceCreateInfo structure. The `VkExportFenceCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExportFenceCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                   sType;
        const void*                       pNext;
        VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlags    handleTypes;
    } VkExportFenceCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleTypes` is a bitmask of VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits specifying one or more fence handle types the application can export from the resulting fence. The application can request multiple handle types for the same fence.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkExportFenceCreateInfo-handleTypes-01446
  The bits in `handleTypes` must be supported and compatible, as reported by VkExternalFenceProperties

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExportFenceCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_FENCE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkExportFenceCreateInfo-handleTypes-parameter
  `handleTypes` must be a valid combination of VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits values

To destroy a fence, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyFence(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkFence                                     fence,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the fence.

- `fence` is the handle of the fence to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyFence-fence-01120
  All queue submission commands that refer to `fence` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyFence-fence-01121
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `fence` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyFence-fence-01122
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `fence` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyFence-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyFence-fence-parameter
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must be a valid VkFence handle

- VUID-vkDestroyFence-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyFence-fence-parent
  If `fence` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `fence` must be externally synchronized

To query the status of a fence from the host, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkGetFenceStatus(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkFence                                     fence);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the fence.

- `fence` is the handle of the fence to query.

Upon success, `vkGetFenceStatus` returns the status of the fence object, with the following return codes:

Table 5. Fence Object Status Codes
Status | Meaning
--- | ---
`VK_SUCCESS` | The fence specified by `fence` is signaled.
`VK_NOT_READY` | The fence specified by `fence` is unsignaled.
`VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST` | The device has been lost. See Lost Device.

If a queue submission command is pending execution, then the value returned by this command may immediately be out of date.

If the device has been lost (see Lost Device), `vkGetFenceStatus` may return any of the above status codes. If the device has been lost and `vkGetFenceStatus` is called repeatedly, it will eventually return either `VK_SUCCESS` or `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetFenceStatus-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetFenceStatus-fence-parameter
  `fence` must be a valid VkFence handle

- VUID-vkGetFenceStatus-fence-parent
  `fence` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_NOT_READY`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

To set the state of fences to unsignaled from the host, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkResetFences(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    fenceCount,
        const VkFence*                              pFences);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the fences.

- `fenceCount` is the number of fences to reset.

- `pFences` is a pointer to an array of fence handles to reset.

If any member of `pFences` currently has its payload imported with temporary permanence, that fence’s prior permanent payload is first restored. The remaining operations described therefore operate on the restored payload.

When vkResetFences is executed on the host, it defines a fence unsignal operation for each fence, which resets the fence to the unsignaled state.

If any member of `pFences` is already in the unsignaled state when vkResetFences is executed, then vkResetFences has no effect on that fence.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkResetFences-pFences-01123
  Each element of `pFences` must not be currently associated with any queue command that has not yet completed execution on that queue

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkResetFences-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkResetFences-pFences-parameter
  `pFences` must be a valid pointer to an array of `fenceCount` valid VkFence handles

- VUID-vkResetFences-fenceCount-arraylength
  `fenceCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkResetFences-pFences-parent
  Each element of `pFences` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to each member of `pFences` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

When a fence is submitted to a queue as part of a queue submission command, it defines a memory dependency on the batches that were submitted as part of that command, and defines a fence signal operation which sets the fence to the signaled state.

The first synchronization scope includes every batch submitted in the same queue submission command. Fence signal operations that are defined by vkQueueSubmit additionally include in the first synchronization scope all commands that occur earlier in submission order. Fence signal operations that are defined by vkQueueSubmit or vkQueueBindSparse additionally include in the first synchronization scope any semaphore and fence signal operations that occur earlier in signal operation order.

The second synchronization scope only includes the fence signal operation.

The first access scope includes all memory access performed by the device.

The second access scope is empty.

To wait for one or more fences to enter the signaled state on the host, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkWaitForFences(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    fenceCount,
        const VkFence*                              pFences,
        VkBool32                                    waitAll,
        uint64_t                                    timeout);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the fences.

- `fenceCount` is the number of fences to wait on.

- `pFences` is a pointer to an array of `fenceCount` fence handles.

- `waitAll` is the condition that must be satisfied to successfully unblock the wait. If `waitAll` is `VK_TRUE`, then the condition is that all fences in `pFences` are signaled. Otherwise, the condition is that at least one fence in `pFences` is signaled.

- `timeout` is the timeout period in units of nanoseconds. `timeout` is adjusted to the closest value allowed by the implementation-dependent timeout accuracy, which may be substantially longer than one nanosecond, and may be longer than the requested period.

If the condition is satisfied when `vkWaitForFences` is called, then `vkWaitForFences` returns immediately. If the condition is not satisfied at the time `vkWaitForFences` is called, then `vkWaitForFences` will block and wait until the condition is satisfied or the `timeout` has expired, whichever is sooner.

If `timeout` is zero, then `vkWaitForFences` does not wait, but simply returns the current state of the fences. `VK_TIMEOUT` will be returned in this case if the condition is not satisfied, even though no actual wait was performed.

If the condition is satisfied before the `timeout` has expired, `vkWaitForFences` returns `VK_SUCCESS`. Otherwise, `vkWaitForFences` returns `VK_TIMEOUT` after the `timeout` has expired.

If device loss occurs (see Lost Device) before the timeout has expired, `vkWaitForFences` must return in finite time with either `VK_SUCCESS` or `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`.

| Note While we guarantee that `vkWaitForFences` must return in finite time, no guarantees are made that it returns immediately upon device loss. However, the client can reasonably expect that the delay will be on the order of seconds and that calling `vkWaitForFences` will not result in a permanently (or seemingly permanently) dead process.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkWaitForFences-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkWaitForFences-pFences-parameter
  `pFences` must be a valid pointer to an array of `fenceCount` valid VkFence handles

- VUID-vkWaitForFences-fenceCount-arraylength
  `fenceCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkWaitForFences-pFences-parent
  Each element of `pFences` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_TIMEOUT`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

An execution dependency is defined by waiting for a fence to become signaled, either via vkWaitForFences or by polling on vkGetFenceStatus.

The first synchronization scope includes only the fence signal operation.

The second synchronization scope includes the host operations of vkWaitForFences or vkGetFenceStatus indicating that the fence has become signaled.

| Note Signaling a fence and waiting on the host does not guarantee that the results of memory accesses will be visible to the host, as the access scope of a memory dependency defined by a fence only includes device access. A memory barrier or other memory dependency must be used to guarantee this. See the description of host access types for more information.

#### 7.3.1. Importing Fence Payloads

Applications can import a fence payload into an existing fence using an external fence handle. The effects of the import operation will be either temporary or permanent, as specified by the application. If the import is temporary, the fence will be restored to its permanent state the next time that fence is passed to vkResetFences.

| Note Restoring a fence to its prior permanent payload is a distinct operation from resetting a fence payload. See vkResetFences for more detail.

Performing a subsequent temporary import on a fence before resetting it has no effect on this requirement; the next unsignal of the fence must still restore its last permanent state. A permanent payload import behaves as if the target fence was destroyed, and a new fence was created with the same handle but the imported payload. Because importing a fence payload temporarily or permanently detaches the existing payload from a fence, similar usage restrictions to those applied to `vkDestroyFence` are applied to any command that imports a fence payload. Which of these import types is used is referred to as the import operation’s permanence. Each handle type supports either one or both types of permanence.

The implementation must perform the import operation by either referencing or copying the payload referred to by the specified external fence handle, depending on the handle’s type. The import method used is referred to as the handle type’s transference. When using handle types with reference transference, importing a payload to a fence adds the fence to the set of all fences sharing that payload. This set includes the fence from which the payload was exported. Fence signaling, waiting, and resetting operations performed on any fence in the set must behave as if the set were a single fence. Importing a payload using handle types with copy transference creates a duplicate copy of the payload at the time of import, but makes no further reference to it. Fence signaling, waiting, and resetting operations performed on the target of copy imports must not affect any other fence or payload.

Export operations have the same transference as the specified handle type’s import operations. Additionally, exporting a fence payload to a handle with copy transference has the same side effects on the source fence’s payload as executing a fence reset operation. If the fence was using a temporarily imported payload, the fence’s prior permanent payload will be restored.

External synchronization allows implementations to modify an object’s internal state, i.e. payload, without internal synchronization. However, for fences sharing a payload across processes, satisfying the external synchronization requirements of `VkFence` parameters as if all fences in the set were the same object is sometimes infeasible. Satisfying valid usage constraints on the state of a fence would similarly require impractical coordination or levels of trust between processes. Therefore, these constraints only apply to a specific fence handle, not to its payload. For distinct fence objects which share a payload:

- If multiple commands which queue a signal operation, or which unsignal a fence, are called concurrently, behavior will be as if the commands were called in an arbitrary sequential order.

- If a queue submission command is called with a fence that is sharing a payload, and the payload is already associated with another queue command that has not yet completed execution, either one or both of the commands will cause the fence to become signaled when they complete execution.

- If a fence payload is reset while it is associated with a queue command that has not yet completed execution, the payload will become unsignaled, but may become signaled again when the command completes execution.

- In the preceding cases, any of the devices associated with the fences sharing the payload may be lost, or any of the queue submission or fence reset commands may return `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED`.

Other than these non-deterministic results, behavior is well defined. In particular:

- The implementation must not crash or enter an internally inconsistent state where future valid Vulkan commands might cause undefined results,

- Timeouts on future wait commands on fences sharing the payload must be effective.

| Note These rules allow processes to synchronize access to shared memory without trusting each other. However, such processes must still be cautious not to use the shared fence for more than synchronizing access to the shared memory. For example, a process should not use a fence with shared payload to tell when commands it submitted to a queue have completed and objects used by those commands may be destroyed, since the other process can accidentally or maliciously cause the fence to signal before the commands actually complete.

When a fence is using an imported payload, its VkExportFenceCreateInfo::`handleTypes` value is specified when creating the fence from which the payload was exported, rather than specified when creating the fence. Additionally, VkExternalFenceProperties::`exportFromImportedHandleTypes` restricts which handle types can be exported from such a fence based on the specific handle type used to import the current payload.

When importing a fence payload, it is the responsibility of the application to ensure the external handles meet all valid usage requirements. However, implementations must perform sufficient validation of external handles to ensure that the operation results in a valid fence which will not cause program termination, device loss, queue stalls, host thread stalls, or corruption of other resources when used as allowed according to its import parameters. If the external handle provided does not meet these requirements, the implementation must fail the fence payload import operation with the error code `VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE`.

### 7.4. Semaphores

Semaphores are a synchronization primitive that can be used to insert a dependency between queue operations or between a queue operation and the host. Binary semaphores have two states - signaled and unsignaled. Timeline semaphores have a strictly increasing 64-bit unsigned integer payload and are signaled with respect to a particular reference value. A semaphore can be signaled after execution of a queue operation is completed, and a queue operation can wait for a semaphore to become signaled before it begins execution. A timeline semaphore can additionally be signaled from the host with the vkSignalSemaphore command and waited on from the host with the vkWaitSemaphores command.

The internal data of a semaphore may include a reference to any resources and pending work associated with signal or unsignal operations performed on that semaphore object, collectively referred to as the semaphore’s payload. Mechanisms to import and export that internal data to and from semaphores are provided below. These mechanisms indirectly enable applications to share semaphore state between two or more semaphores and other synchronization primitives across process and API boundaries.

Semaphores are represented by `VkSemaphore` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkSemaphore)

To create a semaphore, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateSemaphore(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkSemaphoreCreateInfo*                pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkSemaphore*                                pSemaphore);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the semaphore.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkSemaphoreCreateInfo structure containing information about how the semaphore is to be created.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pSemaphore` is a pointer to a handle in which the resulting semaphore object is returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateSemaphore-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateSemaphore-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkSemaphoreCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateSemaphore-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateSemaphore-pSemaphore-parameter
  `pSemaphore` must be a valid pointer to a VkSemaphore handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkSemaphoreCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSemaphoreCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType           sType;
        const void*               pNext;
        VkSemaphoreCreateFlags    flags;
    } VkSemaphoreCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSemaphoreCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo or VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo

- VUID-VkSemaphoreCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkSemaphoreCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkSemaphoreCreateFlags;

`VkSemaphoreCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The `VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkSemaphoreType    semaphoreType;
        uint64_t           initialValue;
    } VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `semaphoreType` is a VkSemaphoreType value specifying the type of the semaphore.

- `initialValue` is the initial payload value if `semaphoreType` is `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`.

To create a semaphore of a specific type, add a `VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo` structure to the VkSemaphoreCreateInfo::`pNext` chain.

If no `VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of VkSemaphoreCreateInfo, then the created semaphore will have a default VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo-timelineSemaphore-03252
  If the `timelineSemaphore` feature is not enabled, `semaphoreType` must not equal `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo-semaphoreType-03279
  If `semaphoreType` is `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY`, `initialValue` must be zero

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo-semaphoreType-parameter
  `semaphoreType` must be a valid VkSemaphoreType value

Possible values of VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo::`semaphoreType`, specifying the type of a semaphore, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef enum VkSemaphoreType {
        VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY = 0,
        VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE = 1,
    } VkSemaphoreType;

- `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY` specifies a binary semaphore type that has a boolean payload indicating whether the semaphore is currently signaled or unsignaled. When created, the semaphore is in the unsignaled state.

- `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` specifies a timeline semaphore type that has a strictly increasing 64-bit unsigned integer payload indicating whether the semaphore is signaled with respect to a particular reference value. When created, the semaphore payload has the value given by the `initialValue` field of VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo.

To create a semaphore whose payload can be exported to external handles, add a VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkSemaphoreCreateInfo structure. The `VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                       sType;
        const void*                           pNext;
        VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlags    handleTypes;
    } VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleTypes` is a bitmask of VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits specifying one or more semaphore handle types the application can export from the resulting semaphore. The application can request multiple handle types for the same semaphore.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo-handleTypes-01124
  The bits in `handleTypes` must be supported and compatible, as reported by VkExternalSemaphoreProperties

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo-handleTypes-parameter
  `handleTypes` must be a valid combination of VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits values

To destroy a semaphore, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroySemaphore(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkSemaphore                                 semaphore,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the semaphore.

- `semaphore` is the handle of the semaphore to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroySemaphore-semaphore-01137
  All submitted batches that refer to `semaphore` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroySemaphore-semaphore-01138
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `semaphore` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroySemaphore-semaphore-01139
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `semaphore` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroySemaphore-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroySemaphore-semaphore-parameter
  If `semaphore` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `semaphore` must be a valid VkSemaphore handle

- VUID-vkDestroySemaphore-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroySemaphore-semaphore-parent
  If `semaphore` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `semaphore` must be externally synchronized

#### 7.4.1. Semaphore Signaling

When a batch is submitted to a queue via a queue submission, and it includes semaphores to be signaled, it defines a memory dependency on the batch, and defines semaphore signal operations which set the semaphores to the signaled state.

In case of semaphores created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` the semaphore is considered signaled with respect to the counter value set to be signaled as specified in VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo or VkSemaphoreSignalInfo.

The first synchronization scope includes every command submitted in the same batch. In the case of vkQueueSubmit2, the first synchronization scope is limited to the pipeline stage specified by VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`stageMask`. Semaphore signal operations that are defined by vkQueueSubmit or vkQueueSubmit2 additionally include all commands that occur earlier in submission order. Semaphore signal operations that are defined by vkQueueSubmit or vkQueueBindSparse additionally include in the first synchronization scope any semaphore and fence signal operations that occur earlier in signal operation order.

The second synchronization scope includes only the semaphore signal operation.

The first access scope includes all memory access performed by the device.

The second access scope is empty.

#### 7.4.2. Semaphore Waiting

When a batch is submitted to a queue via a queue submission, and it includes semaphores to be waited on, it defines a memory dependency between prior semaphore signal operations and the batch, and defines semaphore wait operations.

Such semaphore wait operations set the semaphores created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY` to the unsignaled state. In case of semaphores created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` a prior semaphore signal operation defines a memory dependency with a semaphore wait operation if the value the semaphore is signaled with is greater than or equal to the value the semaphore is waited with, thus the semaphore will continue to be considered signaled with respect to the counter value waited on as specified in VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo.

The first synchronization scope includes all semaphore signal operations that operate on semaphores waited on in the same batch, and that happen-before the wait completes.

The second synchronization scope includes every command submitted in the same batch. In the case of vkQueueSubmit, the second synchronization scope is limited to operations on the pipeline stages determined by the destination stage mask specified by the corresponding element of `pWaitDstStageMask`. In the case of vkQueueSubmit2, the second synchronization scope is limited to the pipeline stage specified by VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`stageMask`. Also, in the case of either vkQueueSubmit2 or vkQueueSubmit, the second synchronization scope additionally includes all commands that occur later in submission order.

The first access scope is empty.

The second access scope includes all memory access performed by the device.

The semaphore wait operation happens-after the first set of operations in the execution dependency, and happens-before the second set of operations in the execution dependency.

| Note Unlike timeline semaphores, fences or events, the act of waiting for a binary semaphore also unsignals that semaphore. Applications must ensure that between two such wait operations, the semaphore is signaled again, with execution dependencies used to ensure these occur in order. Binary semaphore waits and signals should thus occur in discrete 1:1 pairs.

#### 7.4.3. Semaphore State Requirements For Wait Operations

Before waiting on a semaphore, the application must ensure the semaphore is in a valid state for a wait operation. Specifically, when a semaphore wait operation is submitted to a queue:

- A binary semaphore must be signaled, or have an associated semaphore signal operation that is pending execution.

- Any semaphore signal operations on which the pending binary semaphore signal operation depends must also be completed or pending execution.

- There must be no other queue waiting on the same binary semaphore when the operation executes.

#### 7.4.4. Host Operations on Semaphores

In addition to semaphore signal operations and semaphore wait operations submitted to device queues, timeline semaphores support the following host operations:

- Query the current counter value of the semaphore using the vkGetSemaphoreCounterValue command.

- Wait for a set of semaphores to reach particular counter values using the vkWaitSemaphores command.

- Signal the semaphore with a particular counter value from the host using the vkSignalSemaphore command.

To query the current counter value of a semaphore created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` from the host, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    VkResult vkGetSemaphoreCounterValue(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkSemaphore                                 semaphore,
        uint64_t*                                   pValue);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the semaphore.

- `semaphore` is the handle of the semaphore to query.

- `pValue` is a pointer to a 64-bit integer value in which the current counter value of the semaphore is returned.

| Note If a queue submission command is pending execution, then the value returned by this command may immediately be out of date.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetSemaphoreCounterValue-semaphore-03255
  `semaphore` must have been created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetSemaphoreCounterValue-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetSemaphoreCounterValue-semaphore-parameter
  `semaphore` must be a valid VkSemaphore handle

- VUID-vkGetSemaphoreCounterValue-pValue-parameter
  `pValue` must be a valid pointer to a `uint64_t` value

- VUID-vkGetSemaphoreCounterValue-semaphore-parent
  `semaphore` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

To wait for a set of semaphores created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` to reach particular counter values on the host, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    VkResult vkWaitSemaphores(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkSemaphoreWaitInfo*                  pWaitInfo,
        uint64_t                                    timeout);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the semaphores.

- `pWaitInfo` is a pointer to a VkSemaphoreWaitInfo structure containing information about the wait condition.

- `timeout` is the timeout period in units of nanoseconds. `timeout` is adjusted to the closest value allowed by the implementation-dependent timeout accuracy, which may be substantially longer than one nanosecond, and may be longer than the requested period.

If the condition is satisfied when `vkWaitSemaphores` is called, then `vkWaitSemaphores` returns immediately. If the condition is not satisfied at the time `vkWaitSemaphores` is called, then `vkWaitSemaphores` will block and wait until the condition is satisfied or the `timeout` has expired, whichever is sooner.

If `timeout` is zero, then `vkWaitSemaphores` does not wait, but simply returns information about the current state of the semaphores. `VK_TIMEOUT` will be returned in this case if the condition is not satisfied, even though no actual wait was performed.

If the condition is satisfied before the `timeout` has expired, `vkWaitSemaphores` returns `VK_SUCCESS`. Otherwise, `vkWaitSemaphores` returns `VK_TIMEOUT` after the `timeout` has expired.

If device loss occurs (see Lost Device) before the timeout has expired, `vkWaitSemaphores` must return in finite time with either `VK_SUCCESS` or `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkWaitSemaphores-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkWaitSemaphores-pWaitInfo-parameter
  `pWaitInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkSemaphoreWaitInfo structure

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_TIMEOUT`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

The `VkSemaphoreWaitInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkSemaphoreWaitInfo {
        VkStructureType         sType;
        const void*             pNext;
        VkSemaphoreWaitFlags    flags;
        uint32_t                semaphoreCount;
        const VkSemaphore*      pSemaphores;
        const uint64_t*         pValues;
    } VkSemaphoreWaitInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkSemaphoreWaitFlagBits specifying additional parameters for the semaphore wait operation.

- `semaphoreCount` is the number of semaphores to wait on.

- `pSemaphores` is a pointer to an array of `semaphoreCount` semaphore handles to wait on.

- `pValues` is a pointer to an array of `semaphoreCount` timeline semaphore values.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSemaphoreWaitInfo-pSemaphores-03256
  All of the elements of `pSemaphores` must reference a semaphore that was created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSemaphoreWaitInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_WAIT_INFO`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreWaitInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreWaitInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkSemaphoreWaitFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSemaphoreWaitInfo-pSemaphores-parameter
  `pSemaphores` must be a valid pointer to an array of `semaphoreCount` valid VkSemaphore handles

- VUID-VkSemaphoreWaitInfo-pValues-parameter
  `pValues` must be a valid pointer to an array of `semaphoreCount` `uint64_t` values

- VUID-VkSemaphoreWaitInfo-semaphoreCount-arraylength
  `semaphoreCount` must be greater than `0`

Bits which can be set in VkSemaphoreWaitInfo::`flags`, specifying additional parameters of a semaphore wait operation, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef enum VkSemaphoreWaitFlagBits {
        VK_SEMAPHORE_WAIT_ANY_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkSemaphoreWaitFlagBits;

- `VK_SEMAPHORE_WAIT_ANY_BIT` specifies that the semaphore wait condition is that at least one of the semaphores in `VkSemaphoreWaitInfo`::`pSemaphores` has reached the value specified by the corresponding element of `VkSemaphoreWaitInfo`::`pValues`. If `VK_SEMAPHORE_WAIT_ANY_BIT` is not set, the semaphore wait condition is that all of the semaphores in `VkSemaphoreWaitInfo`::`pSemaphores` have reached the value specified by the corresponding element of `VkSemaphoreWaitInfo`::`pValues`.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef VkFlags VkSemaphoreWaitFlags;

`VkSemaphoreWaitFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkSemaphoreWaitFlagBits.

To signal a semaphore created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` with a particular counter value, on the host, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    VkResult vkSignalSemaphore(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkSemaphoreSignalInfo*                pSignalInfo);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the semaphore.

- `pSignalInfo` is a pointer to a VkSemaphoreSignalInfo structure containing information about the signal operation.

When `vkSignalSemaphore` is executed on the host, it defines and immediately executes a semaphore signal operation which sets the timeline semaphore to the given value.

The first synchronization scope is defined by the host execution model, but includes execution of `vkSignalSemaphore` on the host and anything that happened-before it.

The second synchronization scope is empty.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkSignalSemaphore-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkSignalSemaphore-pSignalInfo-parameter
  `pSignalInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkSemaphoreSignalInfo structure

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkSemaphoreSignalInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkSemaphoreSignalInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkSemaphore        semaphore;
        uint64_t           value;
    } VkSemaphoreSignalInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `semaphore` is the handle of the semaphore to signal.

- `value` is the value to signal.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSignalInfo-semaphore-03257
  `semaphore` must have been created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSignalInfo-value-03258
  `value` must have a value greater than the current value of the semaphore

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSignalInfo-value-03259
  `value` must be less than the value of any pending semaphore signal operations

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSignalInfo-value-03260
  `value` must have a value which does not differ from the current value of the semaphore or the value of any outstanding semaphore wait or signal operation on `semaphore` by more than `maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSignalInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_SIGNAL_INFO`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSignalInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkSemaphoreSignalInfo-semaphore-parameter
  `semaphore` must be a valid VkSemaphore handle

#### 7.4.5. Importing Semaphore Payloads

Applications can import a semaphore payload into an existing semaphore using an external semaphore handle. The effects of the import operation will be either temporary or permanent, as specified by the application. If the import is temporary, the implementation must restore the semaphore to its prior permanent state after submitting the next semaphore wait operation. Performing a subsequent temporary import on a semaphore before performing a semaphore wait has no effect on this requirement; the next wait submitted on the semaphore must still restore its last permanent state. A permanent payload import behaves as if the target semaphore was destroyed, and a new semaphore was created with the same handle but the imported payload. Because importing a semaphore payload temporarily or permanently detaches the existing payload from a semaphore, similar usage restrictions to those applied to `vkDestroySemaphore` are applied to any command that imports a semaphore payload. Which of these import types is used is referred to as the import operation’s permanence. Each handle type supports either one or both types of permanence.

The implementation must perform the import operation by either referencing or copying the payload referred to by the specified external semaphore handle, depending on the handle’s type. The import method used is referred to as the handle type’s transference. When using handle types with reference transference, importing a payload to a semaphore adds the semaphore to the set of all semaphores sharing that payload. This set includes the semaphore from which the payload was exported. Semaphore signaling and waiting operations performed on any semaphore in the set must behave as if the set were a single semaphore. Importing a payload using handle types with copy transference creates a duplicate copy of the payload at the time of import, but makes no further reference to it. Semaphore signaling and waiting operations performed on the target of copy imports must not affect any other semaphore or payload.

Export operations have the same transference as the specified handle type’s import operations. Additionally, exporting a semaphore payload to a handle with copy transference has the same side effects on the source semaphore’s payload as executing a semaphore wait operation. If the semaphore was using a temporarily imported payload, the semaphore’s prior permanent payload will be restored.

External synchronization allows implementations to modify an object’s internal state, i.e. payload, without internal synchronization. However, for semaphores sharing a payload across processes, satisfying the external synchronization requirements of `VkSemaphore` parameters as if all semaphores in the set were the same object is sometimes infeasible. Satisfying the wait operation state requirements would similarly require impractical coordination or levels of trust between processes. Therefore, these constraints only apply to a specific semaphore handle, not to its payload. For distinct semaphore objects which share a payload, if the semaphores are passed to separate queue submission commands concurrently, behavior will be as if the commands were called in an arbitrary sequential order. If the wait operation state requirements are violated for the shared payload by a queue submission command, or if a signal operation is queued for a shared payload that is already signaled or has a pending signal operation, effects must be limited to one or more of the following:

- Returning `VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED` from the command which resulted in the violation.

- Losing the logical device on which the violation occurred immediately or at a future time, resulting in a `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST` error from subsequent commands, including the one causing the violation.

- Continuing execution of the violating command or operation as if the semaphore wait completed successfully after an implementation-dependent timeout. In this case, the state of the payload becomes undefined, and future operations on semaphores sharing the payload will be subject to these same rules. The semaphore must be destroyed or have its payload replaced by an import operation to again have a well-defined state.

| Note These rules allow processes to synchronize access to shared memory without trusting each other. However, such processes must still be cautious not to use the shared semaphore for more than synchronizing access to the shared memory. For example, a process should not use a shared semaphore as part of an execution dependency chain that, when complete, leads to objects being destroyed, if it does not trust other processes sharing the semaphore payload.

When a semaphore is using an imported payload, its VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo::`handleTypes` value is specified when creating the semaphore from which the payload was exported, rather than specified when creating the semaphore. Additionally, VkExternalSemaphoreProperties::`exportFromImportedHandleTypes` restricts which handle types can be exported from such a semaphore based on the specific handle type used to import the current payload.

When importing a semaphore payload, it is the responsibility of the application to ensure the external handles meet all valid usage requirements. However, implementations must perform sufficient validation of external handles to ensure that the operation results in a valid semaphore which will not cause program termination, device loss, queue stalls, or corruption of other resources when used as allowed according to its import parameters, and excepting those side effects allowed for violations of the valid semaphore state for wait operations rules. If the external handle provided does not meet these requirements, the implementation must fail the semaphore payload import operation with the error code `VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE`.

In addition, when importing a semaphore payload that is not compatible with the payload type corresponding to the VkSemaphoreType the semaphore was created with, the implementation may fail the semaphore payload import operation with the error code `VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE`.

| Note As the introduction of the external semaphore handle type `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_FENCE_BIT` predates that of timeline semaphores, support for importing semaphore payloads from external handles of that type into semaphores created (implicitly or explicitly) with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY` is preserved for backwards compatibility. However, applications should prefer importing such handle types into semaphores created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`.

### 7.5. Events

Events are a synchronization primitive that can be used to insert a fine-grained dependency between commands submitted to the same queue, or between the host and a queue. Events must not be used to insert a dependency between commands submitted to different queues. Events have two states - signaled and unsignaled. An application can signal or unsignal an event either on the host or on the device. A device can be made to wait for an event to become signaled before executing further operations. No command exists to wait for an event to become signaled on the host, but the current state of an event can be queried.

Events are represented by `VkEvent` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkEvent)

To create an event, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateEvent(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkEventCreateInfo*                    pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkEvent*                                    pEvent);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the event.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkEventCreateInfo structure containing information about how the event is to be created.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pEvent` is a pointer to a handle in which the resulting event object is returned.

When created, the event object is in the unsignaled state.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateEvent-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateEvent-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkEventCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateEvent-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateEvent-pEvent-parameter
  `pEvent` must be a valid pointer to a VkEvent handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkEventCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkEventCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        const void*           pNext;
        VkEventCreateFlags    flags;
    } VkEventCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkEventCreateFlagBits defining additional creation parameters.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkEventCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EVENT_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkEventCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkEventCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkEventCreateFlagBits values

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkEventCreateFlagBits {
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_EVENT_CREATE_DEVICE_ONLY_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkEventCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_EVENT_CREATE_DEVICE_ONLY_BIT` specifies that host event commands will not be used with this event.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkEventCreateFlags;

`VkEventCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of VkEventCreateFlagBits.

To destroy an event, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyEvent(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkEvent                                     event,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the event.

- `event` is the handle of the event to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyEvent-event-01145
  All submitted commands that refer to `event` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyEvent-event-01146
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `event` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyEvent-event-01147
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `event` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyEvent-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyEvent-event-parameter
  If `event` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `event` must be a valid VkEvent handle

- VUID-vkDestroyEvent-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyEvent-event-parent
  If `event` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `event` must be externally synchronized

To query the state of an event from the host, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkGetEventStatus(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkEvent                                     event);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the event.

- `event` is the handle of the event to query.

Upon success, `vkGetEventStatus` returns the state of the event object with the following return codes:

Table 6. Event Object Status Codes
Status | Meaning
--- | ---
`VK_EVENT_SET` | The event specified by `event` is signaled.
`VK_EVENT_RESET` | The event specified by `event` is unsignaled.

If a `vkCmdSetEvent` or `vkCmdResetEvent` command is in a command buffer that is in the pending state, then the value returned by this command may immediately be out of date.

The state of an event can be updated by the host. The state of the event is immediately changed, and subsequent calls to `vkGetEventStatus` will return the new state. If an event is already in the requested state, then updating it to the same state has no effect.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetEventStatus-event-03940
  `event` must not have been created with `VK_EVENT_CREATE_DEVICE_ONLY_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetEventStatus-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetEventStatus-event-parameter
  `event` must be a valid VkEvent handle

- VUID-vkGetEventStatus-event-parent
  `event` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_EVENT_SET`

  - `VK_EVENT_RESET`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

To set the state of an event to signaled from the host, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkSetEvent(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkEvent                                     event);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the event.

- `event` is the event to set.

When vkSetEvent is executed on the host, it defines an event signal operation which sets the event to the signaled state.

If `event` is already in the signaled state when vkSetEvent is executed, then vkSetEvent has no effect, and no event signal operation occurs.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkSetEvent-event-03941
  `event` must not have been created with `VK_EVENT_CREATE_DEVICE_ONLY_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkSetEvent-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkSetEvent-event-parameter
  `event` must be a valid VkEvent handle

- VUID-vkSetEvent-event-parent
  `event` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `event` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

To set the state of an event to unsignaled from the host, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkResetEvent(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkEvent                                     event);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the event.

- `event` is the event to reset.

When vkResetEvent is executed on the host, it defines an event unsignal operation which resets the event to the unsignaled state.

If `event` is already in the unsignaled state when vkResetEvent is executed, then vkResetEvent has no effect, and no event unsignal operation occurs.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkResetEvent-event-03821
  There must be an execution dependency between `vkResetEvent` and the execution of any vkCmdWaitEvents that includes `event` in its `pEvents` parameter

- VUID-vkResetEvent-event-03822
  There must be an execution dependency between `vkResetEvent` and the execution of any vkCmdWaitEvents2 that includes `event` in its `pEvents` parameter

- VUID-vkResetEvent-event-03823
  `event` must not have been created with `VK_EVENT_CREATE_DEVICE_ONLY_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkResetEvent-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkResetEvent-event-parameter
  `event` must be a valid VkEvent handle

- VUID-vkResetEvent-event-parent
  `event` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `event` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The state of an event can also be updated on the device by commands inserted in command buffers.

To signal an event from a device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetEvent2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkEvent                                     event,
        const VkDependencyInfo*                     pDependencyInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `event` is the event that will be signaled.

- `pDependencyInfo` is a pointer to a VkDependencyInfo structure defining the first scopes of this operation.

When vkCmdSetEvent2 is submitted to a queue, it defines the first half of memory dependencies defined by `pDependencyInfo`, as well as an event signal operation which sets the event to the signaled state. A memory dependency is defined between the event signal operation and commands that occur earlier in submission order.

The first synchronization scope and access scope are defined by the union of all the memory dependencies defined by `pDependencyInfo`, and are applied to all operations that occur earlier in submission order. Queue family ownership transfers and image layout transitions defined by `pDependencyInfo` are also included in the first scopes.

The second synchronization scope includes only the event signal operation, and any queue family ownership transfers and image layout transitions defined by `pDependencyInfo`.

The second access scope includes only queue family ownership transfers and image layout transitions.

Future vkCmdWaitEvents2 commands rely on all values of each element in `pDependencyInfo` matching exactly with those used to signal the corresponding event. vkCmdWaitEvents must not be used to wait on the result of a signal operation defined by `vkCmdSetEvent2`.

| Note The extra information provided by vkCmdSetEvent2 compared to vkCmdSetEvent allows implementations to more efficiently schedule the operations required to satisfy the requested dependencies. With vkCmdSetEvent, the full dependency information is not known until vkCmdWaitEvents is recorded, forcing implementations to insert the required operations at that point and not before.

If `event` is already in the signaled state when vkCmdSetEvent2 is executed on the device, then vkCmdSetEvent2 has no effect, no event signal operation occurs, and no dependency is generated.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-synchronization2-03824
  The `synchronization2` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-dependencyFlags-03825
  The `dependencyFlags` member of `pDependencyInfo` must be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-commandBuffer-03826
  The current device mask of `commandBuffer` must include exactly one physical device

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-srcStageMask-03827
  The `srcStageMask` member of any element of the `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, or `pImageMemoryBarriers` members of `pDependencyInfo` must only include pipeline stages valid for the queue family that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-dstStageMask-03828
  The `dstStageMask` member of any element of the `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, or `pImageMemoryBarriers` members of `pDependencyInfo` must only include pipeline stages valid for the queue family that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-event-parameter
  `event` must be a valid VkEvent handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-pDependencyInfo-parameter
  `pDependencyInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDependencyInfo structure

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent2-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `event` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics Compute

The `VkDependencyInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkDependencyInfo {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        const void*                      pNext;
        VkDependencyFlags                dependencyFlags;
        uint32_t                         memoryBarrierCount;
        const VkMemoryBarrier2*          pMemoryBarriers;
        uint32_t                         bufferMemoryBarrierCount;
        const VkBufferMemoryBarrier2*    pBufferMemoryBarriers;
        uint32_t                         imageMemoryBarrierCount;
        const VkImageMemoryBarrier2*     pImageMemoryBarriers;
    } VkDependencyInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `dependencyFlags` is a bitmask of VkDependencyFlagBits specifying how execution and memory dependencies are formed.

- `memoryBarrierCount` is the length of the `pMemoryBarriers` array.

- `pMemoryBarriers` is a pointer to an array of VkMemoryBarrier2 structures defining memory dependencies between any memory accesses.

- `bufferMemoryBarrierCount` is the length of the `pBufferMemoryBarriers` array.

- `pBufferMemoryBarriers` is a pointer to an array of VkBufferMemoryBarrier2 structures defining memory dependencies between buffer ranges.

- `imageMemoryBarrierCount` is the length of the `pImageMemoryBarriers` array.

- `pImageMemoryBarriers` is a pointer to an array of VkImageMemoryBarrier2 structures defining memory dependencies between image subresources.

This structure defines a set of memory dependencies, as well as queue family transfer operations and image layout transitions.

Each member of `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, and `pImageMemoryBarriers` defines a separate memory dependency.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDependencyInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO`

- VUID-VkDependencyInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDependencyInfo-dependencyFlags-parameter
  `dependencyFlags` must be a valid combination of VkDependencyFlagBits values

- VUID-VkDependencyInfo-pMemoryBarriers-parameter
  If `memoryBarrierCount` is not `0`, `pMemoryBarriers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `memoryBarrierCount` valid VkMemoryBarrier2 structures

- VUID-VkDependencyInfo-pBufferMemoryBarriers-parameter
  If `bufferMemoryBarrierCount` is not `0`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bufferMemoryBarrierCount` valid VkBufferMemoryBarrier2 structures

- VUID-VkDependencyInfo-pImageMemoryBarriers-parameter
  If `imageMemoryBarrierCount` is not `0`, `pImageMemoryBarriers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `imageMemoryBarrierCount` valid VkImageMemoryBarrier2 structures

To set the state of an event to signaled from a device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetEvent(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkEvent                                     event,
        VkPipelineStageFlags                        stageMask);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `event` is the event that will be signaled.

- `stageMask` specifies the source stage mask used to determine the first synchronization scope.

`vkCmdSetEvent` behaves identically to vkCmdSetEvent2, except that it does not define an access scope, and must only be used with vkCmdWaitEvents, not vkCmdWaitEvents2.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-stageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `stageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-stageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `stageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-stageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `stageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-stageMask-06457
  Any pipeline stage included in `stageMask` must be supported by the capabilities of the queue family specified by the `queueFamilyIndex` member of the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo structure that was used to create the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, as specified in the table of supported pipeline stages

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-stageMask-01149
  `stageMask` must not include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-commandBuffer-01152
  `commandBuffer`’s current device mask must include exactly one physical device

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-event-parameter
  `event` must be a valid VkEvent handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-stageMask-parameter
  `stageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdSetEvent-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `event` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics Compute

To unsignal the event from a device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdResetEvent2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkEvent                                     event,
        VkPipelineStageFlags2                       stageMask);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `event` is the event that will be unsignaled.

- `stageMask` is a VkPipelineStageFlags2 mask of pipeline stages used to determine the first synchronization scope.

When vkCmdResetEvent2 is submitted to a queue, it defines an execution dependency on commands that were submitted before it, and defines an event unsignal operation which resets the event to the unsignaled state.

The first synchronization scope includes all commands that occur earlier in submission order. The synchronization scope is limited to operations by `stageMask` or stages that are logically earlier than `stageMask`.

The second synchronization scope includes only the event unsignal operation.

If `event` is already in the unsignaled state when vkCmdResetEvent2 is executed on the device, then this command has no effect, no event unsignal operation occurs, and no execution dependency is generated.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-stageMask-03929
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `stageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-stageMask-03930
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `stageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-synchronization2-03829
  The `synchronization2` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-stageMask-03830
  `stageMask` must not include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-event-03831
  There must be an execution dependency between `vkCmdResetEvent2` and the execution of any vkCmdWaitEvents that includes `event` in its `pEvents` parameter

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-event-03832
  There must be an execution dependency between `vkCmdResetEvent2` and the execution of any vkCmdWaitEvents2 that includes `event` in its `pEvents` parameter

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-commandBuffer-03833
  `commandBuffer`’s current device mask must include exactly one physical device

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-event-parameter
  `event` must be a valid VkEvent handle

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-stageMask-parameter
  `stageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 values

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent2-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `event` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics Compute

To set the state of an event to unsignaled from a device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdResetEvent(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkEvent                                     event,
        VkPipelineStageFlags                        stageMask);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `event` is the event that will be unsignaled.

- `stageMask` is a bitmask of VkPipelineStageFlagBits specifying the source stage mask used to determine when the `event` is unsignaled.

`vkCmdResetEvent` behaves identically to vkCmdResetEvent2.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-stageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `stageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-stageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `stageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-stageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `stageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-stageMask-06458
  Any pipeline stage included in `stageMask` must be supported by the capabilities of the queue family specified by the `queueFamilyIndex` member of the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo structure that was used to create the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, as specified in the table of supported pipeline stages

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-stageMask-01153
  `stageMask` must not include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-event-03834
  There must be an execution dependency between `vkCmdResetEvent` and the execution of any vkCmdWaitEvents that includes `event` in its `pEvents` parameter

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-event-03835
  There must be an execution dependency between `vkCmdResetEvent` and the execution of any vkCmdWaitEvents2 that includes `event` in its `pEvents` parameter

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-commandBuffer-01157
  `commandBuffer`’s current device mask must include exactly one physical device

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-event-parameter
  `event` must be a valid VkEvent handle

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-stageMask-parameter
  `stageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdResetEvent-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `event` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics Compute

To wait for one or more events to enter the signaled state on a device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdWaitEvents2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    eventCount,
        const VkEvent*                              pEvents,
        const VkDependencyInfo*                     pDependencyInfos);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `eventCount` is the length of the `pEvents` array.

- `pEvents` is a pointer to an array of `eventCount` events to wait on.

- `pDependencyInfos` is a pointer to an array of `eventCount` VkDependencyInfo structures, defining the second synchronization scope.

When `vkCmdWaitEvents2` is submitted to a queue, it inserts memory dependencies according to the elements of `pDependencyInfos` and each corresponding element of `pEvents`. `vkCmdWaitEvents2` must not be used to wait on event signal operations occurring on other queues, or signal operations executed by vkCmdSetEvent.

The first synchronization scope and access scope of each memory dependency defined by any element i of `pDependencyInfos` are applied to operations that occurred earlier in submission order than the last event signal operation on element i of `pEvents`.

Signal operations for an event at index i are only included if:

- The event was signaled by a vkCmdSetEvent2 command that occurred earlier in submission order with a `dependencyInfo` parameter exactly equal to the element of `pDependencyInfos` at index i ; or

- The event was created without `VK_EVENT_CREATE_DEVICE_ONLY_BIT`, and the first synchronization scope defined by the element of `pDependencyInfos` at index i only includes host operations (`VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`).

The second synchronization scope and access scope of each memory dependency defined by any element i of `pDependencyInfos` are applied to operations that occurred later in submission order than `vkCmdWaitEvents2`.

| Note vkCmdWaitEvents2 is used with vkCmdSetEvent2 to define a memory dependency between two sets of action commands, roughly in the same way as pipeline barriers, but split into two commands such that work between the two may execute unhindered.

| Note Applications should be careful to avoid race conditions when using events. There is no direct ordering guarantee between `vkCmdSetEvent2` and vkCmdResetEvent2, vkCmdResetEvent, or vkCmdSetEvent. Another execution dependency (e.g. a pipeline barrier or semaphore with `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`) is needed to prevent such a race condition.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-synchronization2-03836
  The `synchronization2` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-pEvents-03837
  Members of `pEvents` must not have been signaled by vkCmdSetEvent

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-pEvents-03838
  For any element i of `pEvents`, if that event is signaled by vkCmdSetEvent2, that command’s `dependencyInfo` parameter must be exactly equal to the ith element of `pDependencyInfos`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-pEvents-03839
  For any element i of `pEvents`, if that event is signaled by vkSetEvent, barriers in the ith element of `pDependencyInfos` must include only host operations in their first synchronization scope

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-pEvents-03840
  For any element i of `pEvents`, if barriers in the ith element of `pDependencyInfos` include only host operations, the ith element of `pEvents` must be signaled before vkCmdWaitEvents2 is executed

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-pEvents-03841
  For any element i of `pEvents`, if barriers in the ith element of `pDependencyInfos` do not include host operations, the ith element of `pEvents` must be signaled by a corresponding vkCmdSetEvent2 that occurred earlier in submission order

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-srcStageMask-03842
  The `srcStageMask` member of any element of the `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, or `pImageMemoryBarriers` members of `pDependencyInfos` must either include only pipeline stages valid for the queue family that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, or include only `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-dstStageMask-03843
  The `dstStageMask` member of any element of the `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, or `pImageMemoryBarriers` members of `pDependencyInfos` must only include pipeline stages valid for the queue family that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-dependencyFlags-03844
  The `dependencyFlags` member of any element of `pDependencyInfo` must be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-pEvents-03845
  If `pEvents` includes one or more events that will be signaled by vkSetEvent after `commandBuffer` has been submitted to a queue, then `vkCmdWaitEvents2` must not be called inside a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-commandBuffer-03846
  `commandBuffer`’s current device mask must include exactly one physical device

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-pEvents-parameter
  `pEvents` must be a valid pointer to an array of `eventCount` valid VkEvent handles

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-pDependencyInfos-parameter
  `pDependencyInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `eventCount` valid VkDependencyInfo structures

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-eventCount-arraylength
  `eventCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents2-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and the elements of `pEvents` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics Compute

To wait for one or more events to enter the signaled state on a device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdWaitEvents(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    eventCount,
        const VkEvent*                              pEvents,
        VkPipelineStageFlags                        srcStageMask,
        VkPipelineStageFlags                        dstStageMask,
        uint32_t                                    memoryBarrierCount,
        const VkMemoryBarrier*                      pMemoryBarriers,
        uint32_t                                    bufferMemoryBarrierCount,
        const VkBufferMemoryBarrier*                pBufferMemoryBarriers,
        uint32_t                                    imageMemoryBarrierCount,
        const VkImageMemoryBarrier*                 pImageMemoryBarriers);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `eventCount` is the length of the `pEvents` array.

- `pEvents` is a pointer to an array of event object handles to wait on.

- `srcStageMask` is a bitmask of VkPipelineStageFlagBits specifying the source stage mask.

- `dstStageMask` is a bitmask of VkPipelineStageFlagBits specifying the destination stage mask.

- `memoryBarrierCount` is the length of the `pMemoryBarriers` array.

- `pMemoryBarriers` is a pointer to an array of VkMemoryBarrier structures.

- `bufferMemoryBarrierCount` is the length of the `pBufferMemoryBarriers` array.

- `pBufferMemoryBarriers` is a pointer to an array of VkBufferMemoryBarrier structures.

- `imageMemoryBarrierCount` is the length of the `pImageMemoryBarriers` array.

- `pImageMemoryBarriers` is a pointer to an array of VkImageMemoryBarrier structures.

`vkCmdWaitEvents` is largely similar to vkCmdWaitEvents2, but can only wait on signal operations defined by vkCmdSetEvent. As vkCmdSetEvent does not define any access scopes, `vkCmdWaitEvents` defines the first access scope for each event signal operation in addition to its own access scopes.

| Note Since vkCmdSetEvent does not have any dependency information beyond a stage mask, implementations do not have the same opportunity to perform availability and visibility operations or image layout transitions in advance as they do with vkCmdSetEvent2 and vkCmdWaitEvents2.

When `vkCmdWaitEvents` is submitted to a queue, it defines a memory dependency between prior event signal operations on the same queue or the host, and subsequent commands. `vkCmdWaitEvents` must not be used to wait on event signal operations occurring on other queues.

The first synchronization scope only includes event signal operations that operate on members of `pEvents`, and the operations that happened-before the event signal operations. Event signal operations performed by vkCmdSetEvent that occur earlier in submission order are included in the first synchronization scope, if the logically latest pipeline stage in their `stageMask` parameter is logically earlier than or equal to the logically latest pipeline stage in `srcStageMask`. Event signal operations performed by vkSetEvent are only included in the first synchronization scope if `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT` is included in `srcStageMask`.

The second synchronization scope includes all commands that occur later in submission order. The second synchronization scope is limited to operations on the pipeline stages determined by the destination stage mask specified by `dstStageMask`.

The first access scope is limited to accesses in the pipeline stages determined by the source stage mask specified by `srcStageMask`. Within that, the first access scope only includes the first access scopes defined by elements of the `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers` and `pImageMemoryBarriers` arrays, which each define a set of memory barriers. If no memory barriers are specified, then the first access scope includes no accesses.

The second access scope is limited to accesses in the pipeline stages determined by the destination stage mask specified by `dstStageMask`. Within that, the second access scope only includes the second access scopes defined by elements of the `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers` and `pImageMemoryBarriers` arrays, which each define a set of memory barriers. If no memory barriers are specified, then the second access scope includes no accesses.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-srcStageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-srcStageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-srcStageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-dstStageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-dstStageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-dstStageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-srcAccessMask-02815
  The `srcAccessMask` member of each element of `pMemoryBarriers` must only include access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `srcStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-dstAccessMask-02816
  The `dstAccessMask` member of each element of `pMemoryBarriers` must only include access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `dstStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-pBufferMemoryBarriers-02817
  For any element of `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members are equal, or if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is the queue family index that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, then its `srcAccessMask` member must only contain access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `srcStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-pBufferMemoryBarriers-02818
  For any element of `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members are equal, or if its `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is the queue family index that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, then its `dstAccessMask` member must only contain access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `dstStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-pImageMemoryBarriers-02819
  For any element of `pImageMemoryBarriers`, if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members are equal, or if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is the queue family index that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, then its `srcAccessMask` member must only contain access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `srcStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-pImageMemoryBarriers-02820
  For any element of `pImageMemoryBarriers`, if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members are equal, or if its `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is the queue family index that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, then its `dstAccessMask` member must only contain access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `dstStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-srcStageMask-06459
  Any pipeline stage included in `srcStageMask` must be supported by the capabilities of the queue family specified by the `queueFamilyIndex` member of the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo structure that was used to create the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, as specified in the table of supported pipeline stages

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-dstStageMask-06460
  Any pipeline stage included in `dstStageMask` must be supported by the capabilities of the queue family specified by the `queueFamilyIndex` member of the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo structure that was used to create the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, as specified in the table of supported pipeline stages

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-srcStageMask-01158
  `srcStageMask` must be the bitwise OR of the `stageMask` parameter used in previous calls to `vkCmdSetEvent` with any of the elements of `pEvents` and `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT` if any of the elements of `pEvents` was set using `vkSetEvent`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-pEvents-01163
  If `pEvents` includes one or more events that will be signaled by `vkSetEvent` after `commandBuffer` has been submitted to a queue, then `vkCmdWaitEvents` must not be called inside a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-srcQueueFamilyIndex-02803
  The `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members of any element of `pBufferMemoryBarriers` or `pImageMemoryBarriers` must be equal

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-commandBuffer-01167
  `commandBuffer`’s current device mask must include exactly one physical device

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-pEvents-03847
  Elements of `pEvents` must not have been signaled by vkCmdSetEvent2

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-pEvents-parameter
  `pEvents` must be a valid pointer to an array of `eventCount` valid VkEvent handles

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-srcStageMask-parameter
  `srcStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-dstStageMask-parameter
  `dstStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-pMemoryBarriers-parameter
  If `memoryBarrierCount` is not `0`, `pMemoryBarriers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `memoryBarrierCount` valid VkMemoryBarrier structures

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-pBufferMemoryBarriers-parameter
  If `bufferMemoryBarrierCount` is not `0`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bufferMemoryBarrierCount` valid VkBufferMemoryBarrier structures

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-pImageMemoryBarriers-parameter
  If `imageMemoryBarrierCount` is not `0`, `pImageMemoryBarriers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `imageMemoryBarrierCount` valid VkImageMemoryBarrier structures

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-eventCount-arraylength
  `eventCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdWaitEvents-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and the elements of `pEvents` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics Compute

### 7.6. Pipeline Barriers

To record a pipeline barrier, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkDependencyInfo*                     pDependencyInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `pDependencyInfo` is a pointer to a VkDependencyInfo structure defining the scopes of this operation.

When vkCmdPipelineBarrier2 is submitted to a queue, it defines memory dependencies between commands that were submitted before it, and those submitted after it.

The first synchronization scope and access scope of each memory dependency defined by `pDependencyInfo` are applied to operations that occurred earlier in submission order.

The second synchronization scope and access scope of each memory dependency defined by `pDependencyInfo` are applied to operations that occurred later in submission order.

If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier2` is recorded within a render pass instance, the synchronization scopes are limited to operations within the same subpass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-pDependencies-02285
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier2` is called within a render pass instance, the render pass must have been created with at least one VkSubpassDependency instance in `VkRenderPassCreateInfo`::`pDependencies` that expresses a dependency from the current subpass to itself, with synchronization scopes and access scopes that are all supersets of the scopes defined in this command

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-bufferMemoryBarrierCount-01178
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier2` is called within a render pass instance, it must not include any buffer memory barriers

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-image-04073
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier2` is called within a render pass instance, the `image` member of any image memory barrier included in this command must be an attachment used in the current subpass both as an input attachment, and as either a color or depth/stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-oldLayout-01181
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier2` is called within a render pass instance, the `oldLayout` and `newLayout` members of any image memory barrier included in this command must be equal

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-01182
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier2` is called within a render pass instance, the `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members of any image memory barrier included in this command must be equal

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-dependencyFlags-01186
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier2` is called outside of a render pass instance, `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT` must not be included in the dependency flags

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-None-06191
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier2` is called within a render pass instance, the render pass must not have been started with vkCmdBeginRendering

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-synchronization2-03848
  The `synchronization2` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-srcStageMask-03849
  The `srcStageMask` member of any element of the `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, or `pImageMemoryBarriers` members of `pDependencyInfo` must only include pipeline stages valid for the queue family that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-dstStageMask-03850
  The `dstStageMask` member of any element of the `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, or `pImageMemoryBarriers` members of `pDependencyInfo` must only include pipeline stages valid for the queue family that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-pDependencyInfo-parameter
  `pDependencyInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDependencyInfo structure

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Transfer Graphics Compute

To record a pipeline barrier, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkPipelineStageFlags                        srcStageMask,
        VkPipelineStageFlags                        dstStageMask,
        VkDependencyFlags                           dependencyFlags,
        uint32_t                                    memoryBarrierCount,
        const VkMemoryBarrier*                      pMemoryBarriers,
        uint32_t                                    bufferMemoryBarrierCount,
        const VkBufferMemoryBarrier*                pBufferMemoryBarriers,
        uint32_t                                    imageMemoryBarrierCount,
        const VkImageMemoryBarrier*                 pImageMemoryBarriers);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `srcStageMask` is a bitmask of VkPipelineStageFlagBits specifying the source stages.

- `dstStageMask` is a bitmask of VkPipelineStageFlagBits specifying the destination stages.

- `dependencyFlags` is a bitmask of VkDependencyFlagBits specifying how execution and memory dependencies are formed.

- `memoryBarrierCount` is the length of the `pMemoryBarriers` array.

- `pMemoryBarriers` is a pointer to an array of VkMemoryBarrier structures.

- `bufferMemoryBarrierCount` is the length of the `pBufferMemoryBarriers` array.

- `pBufferMemoryBarriers` is a pointer to an array of VkBufferMemoryBarrier structures.

- `imageMemoryBarrierCount` is the length of the `pImageMemoryBarriers` array.

- `pImageMemoryBarriers` is a pointer to an array of VkImageMemoryBarrier structures.

`vkCmdPipelineBarrier` operates almost identically to vkCmdPipelineBarrier2, except that the scopes and barriers are defined as direct parameters rather than being defined by an VkDependencyInfo.

When vkCmdPipelineBarrier is submitted to a queue, it defines a memory dependency between commands that were submitted before it, and those submitted after it.

If vkCmdPipelineBarrier was recorded outside a render pass instance, the first synchronization scope includes all commands that occur earlier in submission order. If vkCmdPipelineBarrier was recorded inside a render pass instance, the first synchronization scope includes only commands that occur earlier in submission order within the same subpass. In either case, the first synchronization scope is limited to operations on the pipeline stages determined by the source stage mask specified by `srcStageMask`.

If vkCmdPipelineBarrier was recorded outside a render pass instance, the second synchronization scope includes all commands that occur later in submission order. If vkCmdPipelineBarrier was recorded inside a render pass instance, the second synchronization scope includes only commands that occur later in submission order within the same subpass. In either case, the second synchronization scope is limited to operations on the pipeline stages determined by the destination stage mask specified by `dstStageMask`.

The first access scope is limited to accesses in the pipeline stages determined by the source stage mask specified by `srcStageMask`. Within that, the first access scope only includes the first access scopes defined by elements of the `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers` and `pImageMemoryBarriers` arrays, which each define a set of memory barriers. If no memory barriers are specified, then the first access scope includes no accesses.

The second access scope is limited to accesses in the pipeline stages determined by the destination stage mask specified by `dstStageMask`. Within that, the second access scope only includes the second access scopes defined by elements of the `pMemoryBarriers`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers` and `pImageMemoryBarriers` arrays, which each define a set of memory barriers. If no memory barriers are specified, then the second access scope includes no accesses.

If `dependencyFlags` includes `VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT`, then any dependency between framebuffer-space pipeline stages is framebuffer-local - otherwise it is framebuffer-global.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-srcStageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-srcStageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-srcStageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-dstStageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-dstStageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-dstStageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-srcAccessMask-02815
  The `srcAccessMask` member of each element of `pMemoryBarriers` must only include access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `srcStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-dstAccessMask-02816
  The `dstAccessMask` member of each element of `pMemoryBarriers` must only include access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `dstStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-pBufferMemoryBarriers-02817
  For any element of `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members are equal, or if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is the queue family index that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, then its `srcAccessMask` member must only contain access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `srcStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-pBufferMemoryBarriers-02818
  For any element of `pBufferMemoryBarriers`, if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members are equal, or if its `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is the queue family index that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, then its `dstAccessMask` member must only contain access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `dstStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-pImageMemoryBarriers-02819
  For any element of `pImageMemoryBarriers`, if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members are equal, or if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is the queue family index that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, then its `srcAccessMask` member must only contain access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `srcStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-pImageMemoryBarriers-02820
  For any element of `pImageMemoryBarriers`, if its `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members are equal, or if its `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is the queue family index that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, then its `dstAccessMask` member must only contain access flags that are supported by one or more of the pipeline stages in `dstStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-pDependencies-02285
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier` is called within a render pass instance, the render pass must have been created with at least one VkSubpassDependency instance in `VkRenderPassCreateInfo`::`pDependencies` that expresses a dependency from the current subpass to itself, with synchronization scopes and access scopes that are all supersets of the scopes defined in this command

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-bufferMemoryBarrierCount-01178
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier` is called within a render pass instance, it must not include any buffer memory barriers

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-image-04073
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier` is called within a render pass instance, the `image` member of any image memory barrier included in this command must be an attachment used in the current subpass both as an input attachment, and as either a color or depth/stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-oldLayout-01181
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier` is called within a render pass instance, the `oldLayout` and `newLayout` members of any image memory barrier included in this command must be equal

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-srcQueueFamilyIndex-01182
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier` is called within a render pass instance, the `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` members of any image memory barrier included in this command must be equal

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-dependencyFlags-01186
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier` is called outside of a render pass instance, `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT` must not be included in the dependency flags

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-None-06191
  If `vkCmdPipelineBarrier` is called within a render pass instance, the render pass must not have been started with vkCmdBeginRendering

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-srcStageMask-06461
  Any pipeline stage included in `srcStageMask` must be supported by the capabilities of the queue family specified by the `queueFamilyIndex` member of the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo structure that was used to create the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, as specified in the table of supported pipeline stages

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-dstStageMask-06462
  Any pipeline stage included in `dstStageMask` must be supported by the capabilities of the queue family specified by the `queueFamilyIndex` member of the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo structure that was used to create the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from, as specified in the table of supported pipeline stages

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-srcStageMask-parameter
  `srcStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-dstStageMask-parameter
  `dstStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-dependencyFlags-parameter
  `dependencyFlags` must be a valid combination of VkDependencyFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-pMemoryBarriers-parameter
  If `memoryBarrierCount` is not `0`, `pMemoryBarriers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `memoryBarrierCount` valid VkMemoryBarrier structures

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-pBufferMemoryBarriers-parameter
  If `bufferMemoryBarrierCount` is not `0`, `pBufferMemoryBarriers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bufferMemoryBarrierCount` valid VkBufferMemoryBarrier structures

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-pImageMemoryBarriers-parameter
  If `imageMemoryBarrierCount` is not `0`, `pImageMemoryBarriers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `imageMemoryBarrierCount` valid VkImageMemoryBarrier structures

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdPipelineBarrier-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Transfer Graphics Compute

Bits which can be set in `vkCmdPipelineBarrier`::`dependencyFlags`, specifying how execution and memory dependencies are formed, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkDependencyFlagBits {
        VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT = 0x00000001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_DEPENDENCY_DEVICE_GROUP_BIT = 0x00000004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT = 0x00000002,
    } VkDependencyFlagBits;

- `VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT` specifies that dependencies will be framebuffer-local.

- `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT` specifies that a subpass has more than one view.

- `VK_DEPENDENCY_DEVICE_GROUP_BIT` specifies that dependencies are non-device-local.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkDependencyFlags;

`VkDependencyFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkDependencyFlagBits.

#### 7.6.1. Subpass Self-dependency

vkCmdPipelineBarrier or vkCmdPipelineBarrier2 must not be called within a render pass instance started with vkCmdBeginRendering.

If vkCmdPipelineBarrier or vkCmdPipelineBarrier2 is called inside a render pass instance, the following restrictions apply. For a given subpass to allow a pipeline barrier, the render pass must declare a self-dependency from that subpass to itself. That is, there must exist a subpass dependency with `srcSubpass` and `dstSubpass` both equal to that subpass index. More than one self-dependency can be declared for each subpass.

Self-dependencies must only include pipeline stage bits that are graphics stages. If any of the stages in `srcStageMask` are framebuffer-space stages, `dstStageMask` must only contain framebuffer-space stages. This means that pseudo-stages like `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT` which include the execution of both framebuffer-space stages and non-framebuffer-space stages must not be used.

If the source and destination stage masks both include framebuffer-space stages, then `dependencyFlags` must include `VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT`. If the subpass has more than one view, then `dependencyFlags` must include `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`.

Each of the synchronization scopes and access scopes of a vkCmdPipelineBarrier2 or vkCmdPipelineBarrier command inside a render pass instance must be a subset of the scopes of one of the self-dependencies for the current subpass.

If the self-dependency has `VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT` or `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT` set, then so must the pipeline barrier. Pipeline barriers within a render pass instance must not include buffer memory barriers. Image memory barriers must only specify image subresources that are used as attachments within the subpass, and must not define an image layout transition or queue family ownership transfer.

### 7.7. Memory Barriers

Memory barriers are used to explicitly control access to buffer and image subresource ranges. Memory barriers are used to transfer ownership between queue families, change image layouts, and define availability and visibility operations. They explicitly define the access types and buffer and image subresource ranges that are included in the access scopes of a memory dependency that is created by a synchronization command that includes them.

#### 7.7.1. Global Memory Barriers

Global memory barriers apply to memory accesses involving all memory objects that exist at the time of its execution.

The `VkMemoryBarrier2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkMemoryBarrier2 {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkPipelineStageFlags2    srcStageMask;
        VkAccessFlags2           srcAccessMask;
        VkPipelineStageFlags2    dstStageMask;
        VkAccessFlags2           dstAccessMask;
    } VkMemoryBarrier2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcStageMask` is a VkPipelineStageFlags2 mask of pipeline stages to be included in the first synchronization scope.

- `srcAccessMask` is a VkAccessFlags2 mask of access flags to be included in the first access scope.

- `dstStageMask` is a VkPipelineStageFlags2 mask of pipeline stages to be included in the second synchronization scope.

- `dstAccessMask` is a VkAccessFlags2 mask of access flags to be included in the second access scope.

This structure defines a memory dependency affecting all device memory.

The first synchronization scope and access scope described by this structure include only operations and memory accesses specified by `srcStageMask` and `srcAccessMask`.

The second synchronization scope and access scope described by this structure include only operations and memory accesses specified by `dstStageMask` and `dstAccessMask`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-03929
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-03930
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03900
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03901
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDEX_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03902
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03903
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_SUBPASS_SHADING_BIT_HUAWEI`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03904
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_UNIFORM_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03905
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_SAMPLED_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03906
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03907
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03908
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03909
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03910
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03911
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03912
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03913
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03914
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03915
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03916
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03917
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstStageMask-03929
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstStageMask-03930
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03900
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03901
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDEX_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03902
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03903
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_SUBPASS_SHADING_BIT_HUAWEI`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03904
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_UNIFORM_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03905
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_SAMPLED_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03906
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03907
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03908
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03909
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03910
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03911
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03912
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03913
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03914
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03915
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03916
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03917
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-parameter
  `srcStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-parameter
  `srcAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstStageMask-parameter
  `dstStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-parameter
  `dstAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits2 values

The `VkMemoryBarrier` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkMemoryBarrier {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkAccessFlags      srcAccessMask;
        VkAccessFlags      dstAccessMask;
    } VkMemoryBarrier;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcAccessMask` is a bitmask of VkAccessFlagBits specifying a source access mask.

- `dstAccessMask` is a bitmask of VkAccessFlagBits specifying a destination access mask.

The first access scope is limited to access types in the source access mask specified by `srcAccessMask`.

The second access scope is limited to access types in the destination access mask specified by `dstAccessMask`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_BARRIER`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier-srcAccessMask-parameter
  `srcAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits values

- VUID-VkMemoryBarrier-dstAccessMask-parameter
  `dstAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits values

#### 7.7.2. Buffer Memory Barriers

Buffer memory barriers only apply to memory accesses involving a specific buffer range. That is, a memory dependency formed from a buffer memory barrier is scoped to access via the specified buffer range. Buffer memory barriers can also be used to define a queue family ownership transfer for the specified buffer range.

The `VkBufferMemoryBarrier2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkBufferMemoryBarrier2 {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkPipelineStageFlags2    srcStageMask;
        VkAccessFlags2           srcAccessMask;
        VkPipelineStageFlags2    dstStageMask;
        VkAccessFlags2           dstAccessMask;
        uint32_t                 srcQueueFamilyIndex;
        uint32_t                 dstQueueFamilyIndex;
        VkBuffer                 buffer;
        VkDeviceSize             offset;
        VkDeviceSize             size;
    } VkBufferMemoryBarrier2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcStageMask` is a VkPipelineStageFlags2 mask of pipeline stages to be included in the first synchronization scope.

- `srcAccessMask` is a VkAccessFlags2 mask of access flags to be included in the first access scope.

- `dstStageMask` is a VkPipelineStageFlags2 mask of pipeline stages to be included in the second synchronization scope.

- `dstAccessMask` is a VkAccessFlags2 mask of access flags to be included in the second access scope.

- `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is the source queue family for a queue family ownership transfer.

- `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is the destination queue family for a queue family ownership transfer.

- `buffer` is a handle to the buffer whose backing memory is affected by the barrier.

- `offset` is an offset in bytes into the backing memory for `buffer`; this is relative to the base offset as bound to the buffer (see vkBindBufferMemory).

- `size` is a size in bytes of the affected area of backing memory for `buffer`, or `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` to use the range from `offset` to the end of the buffer.

This structure defines a memory dependency limited to a range of a buffer, and can define a queue family transfer operation for that range.

The first synchronization scope and access scope described by this structure include only operations and memory accesses specified by `srcStageMask` and `srcAccessMask`.

The second synchronization scope and access scope described by this structure include only operations and memory accesses specified by `dstStageMask` and `dstAccessMask`.

Both access scopes are limited to only memory accesses to `buffer` in the range defined by `offset` and `size`.

If `buffer` was created with `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE`, and `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is not equal to `dstQueueFamilyIndex`, this memory barrier defines a queue family transfer operation. When executed on a queue in the family identified by `srcQueueFamilyIndex`, this barrier defines a queue family release operation for the specified buffer range, and the second synchronization and access scopes do not synchronize operations on that queue. When executed on a queue in the family identified by `dstQueueFamilyIndex`, this barrier defines a queue family acquire operation for the specified buffer range, and the first synchronization and access scopes do not synchronize operations on that queue.

A queue family transfer operation is also defined if the values are not equal, and either is one of the special queue family values reserved for external memory ownership transfers, as described in Queue Family Ownership Transfer. A queue family release operation is defined when `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is one of those values, and a queue family acquire operation is defined when `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is one of those values.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-03929
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-03930
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03900
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03901
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDEX_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03902
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03903
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_SUBPASS_SHADING_BIT_HUAWEI`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03904
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_UNIFORM_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03905
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_SAMPLED_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03906
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03907
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03908
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03909
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03910
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03911
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03912
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03913
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03914
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03915
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03916
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03917
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstStageMask-03929
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstStageMask-03930
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03900
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03901
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDEX_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03902
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03903
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_SUBPASS_SHADING_BIT_HUAWEI`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03904
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_UNIFORM_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03905
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_SAMPLED_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03906
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03907
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03908
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03909
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03910
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03911
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03912
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03913
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03914
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03915
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03916
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03917
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-offset-01187
  `offset` must be less than the size of `buffer`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-size-01188
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `size` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-size-01189
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `size` must be less than or equal to than the size of `buffer` minus `offset`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-buffer-01931
  If `buffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04087
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is not equal to `dstQueueFamilyIndex`, at least one must not be a special queue family reserved for external memory ownership transfers, as described in Queue Family Ownership Transfer

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-buffer-04088
  If `buffer` was created with a sharing mode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` are not equal, and one of `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is one of the special queue family values reserved for external memory transfers, the other must be `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-buffer-04089
  If `buffer` was created with a sharing mode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE`, and `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` are not equal, `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` must both be valid queue families, or one of the special queue family values reserved for external memory transfers, as described in Queue Family Ownership Transfer

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-03851
  If either `srcStageMask` or `dstStageMask` includes `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`, `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` must be equal

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER_2`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-parameter
  `srcStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-parameter
  `srcAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstStageMask-parameter
  `dstStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-parameter
  `dstAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier2-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

The `VkBufferMemoryBarrier` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBufferMemoryBarrier {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkAccessFlags      srcAccessMask;
        VkAccessFlags      dstAccessMask;
        uint32_t           srcQueueFamilyIndex;
        uint32_t           dstQueueFamilyIndex;
        VkBuffer           buffer;
        VkDeviceSize       offset;
        VkDeviceSize       size;
    } VkBufferMemoryBarrier;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcAccessMask` is a bitmask of VkAccessFlagBits specifying a source access mask.

- `dstAccessMask` is a bitmask of VkAccessFlagBits specifying a destination access mask.

- `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is the source queue family for a queue family ownership transfer.

- `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is the destination queue family for a queue family ownership transfer.

- `buffer` is a handle to the buffer whose backing memory is affected by the barrier.

- `offset` is an offset in bytes into the backing memory for `buffer`; this is relative to the base offset as bound to the buffer (see vkBindBufferMemory).

- `size` is a size in bytes of the affected area of backing memory for `buffer`, or `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` to use the range from `offset` to the end of the buffer.

The first access scope is limited to access to memory through the specified buffer range, via access types in the source access mask specified by `srcAccessMask`. If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT`, memory writes performed by that access type are also made visible, as that access type is not performed through a resource.

The second access scope is limited to access to memory through the specified buffer range, via access types in the destination access mask specified by `dstAccessMask`. If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT` or `VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT`, available memory writes are also made visible to accesses of those types, as those access types are not performed through a resource.

If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is not equal to `dstQueueFamilyIndex`, and `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is equal to the current queue family, then the memory barrier defines a queue family release operation for the specified buffer range, and the second access scope includes no access, as if `dstAccessMask` was `0`.

If `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is not equal to `srcQueueFamilyIndex`, and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is equal to the current queue family, then the memory barrier defines a queue family acquire operation for the specified buffer range, and the first access scope includes no access, as if `srcAccessMask` was `0`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-offset-01187
  `offset` must be less than the size of `buffer`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-size-01188
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `size` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-size-01189
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `size` must be less than or equal to than the size of `buffer` minus `offset`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-buffer-01931
  If `buffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04087
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is not equal to `dstQueueFamilyIndex`, at least one must not be a special queue family reserved for external memory ownership transfers, as described in Queue Family Ownership Transfer

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-buffer-04088
  If `buffer` was created with a sharing mode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` are not equal, and one of `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is one of the special queue family values reserved for external memory transfers, the other must be `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-buffer-04089
  If `buffer` was created with a sharing mode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE`, and `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` are not equal, `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` must both be valid queue families, or one of the special queue family values reserved for external memory transfers, as described in Queue Family Ownership Transfer

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-synchronization2-03853
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, and `buffer` was created with a sharing mode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, at least one of `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` must be `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryBarrier-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

`VK_WHOLE_SIZE` is a special value indicating that the entire remaining length of a buffer following a given `offset` should be used. It can be specified for VkBufferMemoryBarrier::`size` and other structures.

    #define VK_WHOLE_SIZE                     (~0ULL)

#### 7.7.3. Image Memory Barriers

Image memory barriers only apply to memory accesses involving a specific image subresource range. That is, a memory dependency formed from an image memory barrier is scoped to access via the specified image subresource range. Image memory barriers can also be used to define image layout transitions or a queue family ownership transfer for the specified image subresource range.

The `VkImageMemoryBarrier2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkImageMemoryBarrier2 {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        const void*                pNext;
        VkPipelineStageFlags2      srcStageMask;
        VkAccessFlags2             srcAccessMask;
        VkPipelineStageFlags2      dstStageMask;
        VkAccessFlags2             dstAccessMask;
        VkImageLayout              oldLayout;
        VkImageLayout              newLayout;
        uint32_t                   srcQueueFamilyIndex;
        uint32_t                   dstQueueFamilyIndex;
        VkImage                    image;
        VkImageSubresourceRange    subresourceRange;
    } VkImageMemoryBarrier2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcStageMask` is a VkPipelineStageFlags2 mask of pipeline stages to be included in the first synchronization scope.

- `srcAccessMask` is a VkAccessFlags2 mask of access flags to be included in the first access scope.

- `dstStageMask` is a VkPipelineStageFlags2 mask of pipeline stages to be included in the second synchronization scope.

- `dstAccessMask` is a VkAccessFlags2 mask of access flags to be included in the second access scope.

- `oldLayout` is the old layout in an image layout transition.

- `newLayout` is the new layout in an image layout transition.

- `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is the source queue family for a queue family ownership transfer.

- `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is the destination queue family for a queue family ownership transfer.

- `image` is a handle to the image affected by this barrier.

- `subresourceRange` describes the image subresource range within `image` that is affected by this barrier.

This structure defines a memory dependency limited to an image subresource range, and can define a queue family transfer operation and image layout transition for that subresource range.

The first synchronization scope and access scope described by this structure include only operations and memory accesses specified by `srcStageMask` and `srcAccessMask`.

The second synchronization scope and access scope described by this structure include only operations and memory accesses specified by `dstStageMask` and `dstAccessMask`.

Both access scopes are limited to only memory accesses to `image` in the subresource range defined by `subresourceRange`.

If `image` was created with `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE`, and `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is not equal to `dstQueueFamilyIndex`, this memory barrier defines a queue family transfer operation. When executed on a queue in the family identified by `srcQueueFamilyIndex`, this barrier defines a queue family release operation for the specified image subresource range, and the second synchronization and access scopes do not synchronize operations on that queue. When executed on a queue in the family identified by `dstQueueFamilyIndex`, this barrier defines a queue family acquire operation for the specified image subresource range, and the first synchronization and access scopes do not synchronize operations on that queue.

A queue family transfer operation is also defined if the values are not equal, and either is one of the special queue family values reserved for external memory ownership transfers, as described in Queue Family Ownership Transfer. A queue family release operation is defined when `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is one of those values, and a queue family acquire operation is defined when `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is one of those values.

If `oldLayout` is not equal to `newLayout`, then the memory barrier defines an image layout transition for the specified image subresource range. If this memory barrier defines a queue family transfer operation, the layout transition is only executed once between the queues.

| Note When the old and new layout are equal, the layout values are ignored - data is preserved no matter what values are specified, or what layout the image is currently in.

If `image` has a multi-planar format and the image is disjoint, then including `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT` in the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` is equivalent to including `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, and (for three-plane formats only) `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-03929
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-03930
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03900
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03901
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDEX_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03902
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03903
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_SUBPASS_SHADING_BIT_HUAWEI`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03904
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_UNIFORM_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03905
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_SAMPLED_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03906
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03907
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03908
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03909
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03910
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03911
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03912
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03913
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03914
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03915
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03916
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_READ_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-03917
  If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_WRITE_BIT`, `srcStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstStageMask-03929
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstStageMask-03930
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03900
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03901
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INDEX_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_INDEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03902
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03903
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_SUBPASS_SHADING_BIT_HUAWEI`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03904
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_UNIFORM_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03905
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_SAMPLED_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03906
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03907
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03908
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03909
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`, or one of the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_*_SHADER_BIT` stages

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03910
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03911
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03912
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03913
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03914
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03915
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COPY_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_BLIT_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_RESOLVE_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_CLEAR_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_TRANSFER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_BIT_KHR`, or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03916
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_READ_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-03917
  If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_2_HOST_WRITE_BIT`, `dstStageMask` must include `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-subresourceRange-01486
  `subresourceRange.baseMipLevel` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-subresourceRange-01724
  If `subresourceRange.levelCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS`, `subresourceRange.baseMipLevel` + `subresourceRange.levelCount` must be less than or equal to the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-subresourceRange-01488
  `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-subresourceRange-01725
  If `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` + `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-image-01932
  If `image` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-oldLayout-01208
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-oldLayout-01209
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-oldLayout-01210
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-oldLayout-01211
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-oldLayout-01212
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-oldLayout-01213
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-oldLayout-01197
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, `oldLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or the current layout of the image subresources affected by the barrier

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-newLayout-01198
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, `newLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-oldLayout-01658
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-oldLayout-01659
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04065
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with at least one of `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04066
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` set

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04067
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with at least one of `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04068
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` set

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-03938
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-03939
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `image` must have been created with at least one of `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-image-01671
  If `image` has a single-plane color format or is not disjoint, then the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-image-01672
  If `image` has a multi-planar format and the image is disjoint, then the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` must include either at least one of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`; or must include `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-image-01673
  If `image` has a multi-planar format with only two planes, then the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` must not include `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-image-03319
  If `image` has a depth/stencil format with both depth and stencil and the separateDepthStencilLayouts feature is enabled, then the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` must include either or both `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-image-03320
  If `image` has a depth/stencil format with both depth and stencil and the separateDepthStencilLayouts feature is not enabled, then the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` must include both `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04070
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is not equal to `dstQueueFamilyIndex`, at least one must not be a special queue family reserved for external memory ownership transfers, as described in Queue Family Ownership Transfer

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-image-04071
  If `image` was created with a sharing mode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` are not equal, and one of `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is one of the special queue family values reserved for external memory transfers, the other must be `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-image-04072
  If `image` was created with a sharing mode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE`, and `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` are not equal, `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` must both be valid queue families, or one of the special queue family values reserved for external memory transfers, as described in Queue Family Ownership Transfer

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-03854
  If either `srcStageMask` or `dstStageMask` includes `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`, `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` must be equal

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-03855
  If `srcStageMask` includes `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_HOST_BIT`, and `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, `oldLayout` must be one of `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcStageMask-parameter
  `srcStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-srcAccessMask-parameter
  `srcAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstStageMask-parameter
  `dstStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-dstAccessMask-parameter
  `dstAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits2 values

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-oldLayout-parameter
  `oldLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-newLayout-parameter
  `newLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier2-subresourceRange-parameter
  `subresourceRange` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceRange structure

The `VkImageMemoryBarrier` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageMemoryBarrier {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        const void*                pNext;
        VkAccessFlags              srcAccessMask;
        VkAccessFlags              dstAccessMask;
        VkImageLayout              oldLayout;
        VkImageLayout              newLayout;
        uint32_t                   srcQueueFamilyIndex;
        uint32_t                   dstQueueFamilyIndex;
        VkImage                    image;
        VkImageSubresourceRange    subresourceRange;
    } VkImageMemoryBarrier;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcAccessMask` is a bitmask of VkAccessFlagBits specifying a source access mask.

- `dstAccessMask` is a bitmask of VkAccessFlagBits specifying a destination access mask.

- `oldLayout` is the old layout in an image layout transition.

- `newLayout` is the new layout in an image layout transition.

- `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is the source queue family for a queue family ownership transfer.

- `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is the destination queue family for a queue family ownership transfer.

- `image` is a handle to the image affected by this barrier.

- `subresourceRange` describes the image subresource range within `image` that is affected by this barrier.

The first access scope is limited to access to memory through the specified image subresource range, via access types in the source access mask specified by `srcAccessMask`. If `srcAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT`, memory writes performed by that access type are also made visible, as that access type is not performed through a resource.

The second access scope is limited to access to memory through the specified image subresource range, via access types in the destination access mask specified by `dstAccessMask`. If `dstAccessMask` includes `VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT` or `VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT`, available memory writes are also made visible to accesses of those types, as those access types are not performed through a resource.

If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is not equal to `dstQueueFamilyIndex`, and `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is equal to the current queue family, then the memory barrier defines a queue family release operation for the specified image subresource range, and the second access scope includes no access, as if `dstAccessMask` was `0`.

If `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is not equal to `srcQueueFamilyIndex`, and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is equal to the current queue family, then the memory barrier defines a queue family acquire operation for the specified image subresource range, and the first access scope includes no access, as if `srcAccessMask` was `0`.

If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled or `oldLayout` is not equal to `newLayout`, `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition for the specified image subresource range.

| Note If the `synchronization2` feature is enabled, when the old and new layout are equal, the layout values are ignored - data is preserved no matter what values are specified, or what layout the image is currently in.

If `image` has a multi-planar format and the image is disjoint, then including `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT` in the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` is equivalent to including `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, and (for three-plane formats only) `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-subresourceRange-01486
  `subresourceRange.baseMipLevel` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-subresourceRange-01724
  If `subresourceRange.levelCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS`, `subresourceRange.baseMipLevel` + `subresourceRange.levelCount` must be less than or equal to the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-subresourceRange-01488
  `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-subresourceRange-01725
  If `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` + `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-image-01932
  If `image` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-oldLayout-01208
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-oldLayout-01209
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-oldLayout-01210
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-oldLayout-01211
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-oldLayout-01212
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-oldLayout-01213
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-oldLayout-01197
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, `oldLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or the current layout of the image subresources affected by the barrier

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-newLayout-01198
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, `newLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-oldLayout-01658
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-oldLayout-01659
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04065
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with at least one of `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04066
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` set

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04067
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with at least one of `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04068
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` set

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-srcQueueFamilyIndex-03938
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-srcQueueFamilyIndex-03939
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` define a queue family ownership transfer or `oldLayout` and `newLayout` define an image layout transition, and `oldLayout` or `newLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `image` must have been created with at least one of `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-image-01671
  If `image` has a single-plane color format or is not disjoint, then the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-image-01672
  If `image` has a multi-planar format and the image is disjoint, then the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` must include either at least one of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`; or must include `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-image-01673
  If `image` has a multi-planar format with only two planes, then the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` must not include `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-image-03319
  If `image` has a depth/stencil format with both depth and stencil and the separateDepthStencilLayouts feature is enabled, then the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` must include either or both `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-image-03320
  If `image` has a depth/stencil format with both depth and stencil and the separateDepthStencilLayouts feature is not enabled, then the `aspectMask` member of `subresourceRange` must include both `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-srcQueueFamilyIndex-04070
  If `srcQueueFamilyIndex` is not equal to `dstQueueFamilyIndex`, at least one must not be a special queue family reserved for external memory ownership transfers, as described in Queue Family Ownership Transfer

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-image-04071
  If `image` was created with a sharing mode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` are not equal, and one of `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` is one of the special queue family values reserved for external memory transfers, the other must be `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-image-04072
  If `image` was created with a sharing mode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE`, and `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` are not equal, `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` must both be valid queue families, or one of the special queue family values reserved for external memory transfers, as described in Queue Family Ownership Transfer

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-synchronization2-03857
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, and `image` was created with a sharing mode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, at least one of `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` must be `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-oldLayout-parameter
  `oldLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-newLayout-parameter
  `newLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkImageMemoryBarrier-subresourceRange-parameter
  `subresourceRange` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceRange structure

#### 7.7.4. Queue Family Ownership Transfer

Resources created with a VkSharingMode of `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` must have their ownership explicitly transferred from one queue family to another in order to access their content in a well-defined manner on a queue in a different queue family.

The special queue family index `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED` indicates that a queue family parameter or member is ignored.

    #define VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED           (~0U)

Resources shared with external APIs or instances using external memory must also explicitly manage ownership transfers between local and external queues (or equivalent constructs in external APIs) regardless of the VkSharingMode specified when creating them.

The special queue family index `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_EXTERNAL` represents any queue external to the resource’s current Vulkan instance, as long as the queue uses the same underlying device group or physical device, and the same driver version as the resource’s VkDevice, as indicated by VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties::`deviceUUID` and VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties::`driverUUID`.

    #define VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_EXTERNAL          (~1U)

If memory dependencies are correctly expressed between uses of such a resource between two queues in different families, but no ownership transfer is defined, the contents of that resource are undefined for any read accesses performed by the second queue family.

| Note If an application does not need the contents of a resource to remain valid when transferring from one queue family to another, then the ownership transfer should be skipped.

A queue family ownership transfer consists of two distinct parts:

1. Release exclusive ownership from the source queue family

2. Acquire exclusive ownership for the destination queue family

An application must ensure that these operations occur in the correct order by defining an execution dependency between them, e.g. using a semaphore.

A release operation is used to release exclusive ownership of a range of a buffer or image subresource range. A release operation is defined by executing a buffer memory barrier (for a buffer range) or an image memory barrier (for an image subresource range) using a pipeline barrier command, on a queue from the source queue family. The `srcQueueFamilyIndex` parameter of the barrier must be set to the source queue family index, and the `dstQueueFamilyIndex` parameter to the destination queue family index. `dstAccessMask` is ignored for such a barrier, such that no visibility operation is executed - the value of this mask does not affect the validity of the barrier. The release operation happens-after the availability operation, and happens-before operations specified in the second synchronization scope of the calling command.

An acquire operation is used to acquire exclusive ownership of a range of a buffer or image subresource range. An acquire operation is defined by executing a buffer memory barrier (for a buffer range) or an image memory barrier (for an image subresource range) using a pipeline barrier command, on a queue from the destination queue family. The buffer range or image subresource range specified in an acquire operation must match exactly that of a previous release operation. The `srcQueueFamilyIndex` parameter of the barrier must be set to the source queue family index, and the `dstQueueFamilyIndex` parameter to the destination queue family index. `srcAccessMask` is ignored for such a barrier, such that no availability operation is executed - the value of this mask does not affect the validity of the barrier. The acquire operation happens-after operations in the first synchronization scope of the calling command, and happens-before the visibility operation.

| Note Whilst it is not invalid to provide destination or source access masks for memory barriers used for release or acquire operations, respectively, they have no practical effect. Access after a release operation has undefined results, and so visibility for those accesses has no practical effect. Similarly, write access before an acquire operation will produce undefined results for future access, so availability of those writes has no practical use. In an earlier version of the specification, these were required to match on both sides - but this was subsequently relaxed. These masks should be set to 0.

If the transfer is via an image memory barrier, and an image layout transition is desired, then the values of `oldLayout` and `newLayout` in the release operation's memory barrier must be equal to values of `oldLayout` and `newLayout` in the acquire operation's memory barrier. Although the image layout transition is submitted twice, it will only be executed once. A layout transition specified in this way happens-after the release operation and happens-before the acquire operation.

If the values of `srcQueueFamilyIndex` and `dstQueueFamilyIndex` are equal, no ownership transfer is performed, and the barrier operates as if they were both set to `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED`.

Queue family ownership transfers may perform read and write accesses on all memory bound to the image subresource or buffer range, so applications must ensure that all memory writes have been made available before a queue family ownership transfer is executed. Available memory is automatically made visible to queue family release and acquire operations, and writes performed by those operations are automatically made available.

Once a queue family has acquired ownership of a buffer range or image subresource range of a `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` resource, its contents are undefined to other queue families unless ownership is transferred. The contents of any portion of another resource which aliases memory that is bound to the transferred buffer or image subresource range are undefined after a release or acquire operation.

| Note Because events cannot be used directly for inter-queue synchronization, and because vkCmdSetEvent does not have the queue family index or memory barrier parameters needed by a release operation, the release and acquire operations of a queue family ownership transfer can only be performed using vkCmdPipelineBarrier.

### 7.8. Wait Idle Operations

To wait on the host for the completion of outstanding queue operations for a given queue, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkQueueWaitIdle(
        VkQueue                                     queue);

- `queue` is the queue on which to wait.

`vkQueueWaitIdle` is equivalent to having submitted a valid fence to every previously executed queue submission command that accepts a fence, then waiting for all of those fences to signal using vkWaitForFences with an infinite timeout and `waitAll` set to `VK_TRUE`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkQueueWaitIdle-queue-parameter
  `queue` must be a valid VkQueue handle

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `queue` must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
- | - | Any

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

To wait on the host for the completion of outstanding queue operations for all queues on a given logical device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkDeviceWaitIdle(
        VkDevice                                    device);

- `device` is the logical device to idle.

`vkDeviceWaitIdle` is equivalent to calling `vkQueueWaitIdle` for all queues owned by `device`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDeviceWaitIdle-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

Host Synchronization

- Host access to all `VkQueue` objects created from `device` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

### 7.9. Host Write Ordering Guarantees

When batches of command buffers are submitted to a queue via a queue submission command, it defines a memory dependency with prior host operations, and execution of command buffers submitted to the queue.

The first synchronization scope is defined by the host execution model, but includes execution of vkQueueSubmit on the host and anything that happened-before it.

The second synchronization scope includes all commands submitted in the same queue submission, and all commands that occur later in submission order.

The first access scope includes all host writes to mappable device memory that are available to the host memory domain.

The second access scope includes all memory access performed by the device.

### 7.10. Synchronization and Multiple Physical Devices

If a logical device includes more than one physical device, then fences, semaphores, and events all still have a single instance of the signaled state.

A fence becomes signaled when all physical devices complete the necessary queue operations.

Semaphore wait and signal operations all include a device index that is the sole physical device that performs the operation. These indices are provided in the VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo and VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo structures. Semaphores are not exclusively owned by any physical device. For example, a semaphore can be signaled by one physical device and then waited on by a different physical device.

An event can only be waited on by the same physical device that signaled it (or the host).

## 8. Render Pass

Draw commands must be recorded within a render pass instance. Each render pass instance defines a set of image resources, referred to as attachments, used during rendering.

To begin a render pass instance, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdBeginRendering(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkRenderingInfo*                      pRenderingInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer in which to record the command.

- `pRenderingInfo` is a pointer to a VkRenderingInfo structure specifying details of the render pass instance to begin.

After beginning a render pass instance, the command buffer is ready to record draw commands.

If `pRenderingInfo->flags` includes `VK_RENDERING_RESUMING_BIT` then this render pass is resumed from a render pass instance that has been suspended earlier in submission order.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRendering-dynamicRendering-06446
  The `dynamicRendering` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRendering-commandBuffer-06068
  If `commandBuffer` is a secondary command buffer, `pRenderingInfo->flags` must not include `VK_RENDERING_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRendering-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRendering-pRenderingInfo-parameter
  `pRenderingInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkRenderingInfo structure

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRendering-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRendering-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRendering-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics

The `VkRenderingInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkRenderingInfo {
        VkStructureType                     sType;
        const void*                         pNext;
        VkRenderingFlags                    flags;
        VkRect2D                            renderArea;
        uint32_t                            layerCount;
        uint32_t                            viewMask;
        uint32_t                            colorAttachmentCount;
        const VkRenderingAttachmentInfo*    pColorAttachments;
        const VkRenderingAttachmentInfo*    pDepthAttachment;
        const VkRenderingAttachmentInfo*    pStencilAttachment;
    } VkRenderingInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkRenderingFlagBits.

- `renderArea` is the render area that is affected by the render pass instance.

- `layerCount` is the number of layers rendered to in each attachment when `viewMask` is `0`.

- `viewMask` is the view mask indicating the indices of attachment layers that will be rendered when it is not `0`.

- `colorAttachmentCount` is the number of elements in `pColorAttachments`.

- `pColorAttachments` is a pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` VkRenderingAttachmentInfo structures describing any color attachments used.

- `pDepthAttachment` is a pointer to a VkRenderingAttachmentInfo structure describing a depth attachment.

- `pStencilAttachment` is a pointer to a VkRenderingAttachmentInfo structure describing a stencil attachment.

If `viewMask` is not `0`, multiview is enabled.

If there is an instance of VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo included in the `pNext` chain and its `deviceCount` member is not `0`, then `renderArea` is ignored, and the render area is defined per-device by that structure.

Each element of the `pColorAttachments` array corresponds to an output location in the shader, i.e. if the shader declares an output variable decorated with a `Location` value of X, then it uses the attachment provided in `pColorAttachments`[X]. If the `imageView` member of any element of `pColorAttachments` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, writes to the corresponding location by a fragment are discarded.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-viewMask-06069
  If `viewMask` is `0`, `layerCount` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-imageView-06070
  If neither the `VK_AMD_mixed_attachment_samples` nor the `VK_NV_framebuffer_mixed_samples` extensions are enabled, `imageView` members of `pDepthAttachment`, `pStencilAttachment`, and elements of `pColorAttachments` that are not VK_NULL_HANDLE must have been created with the same `sampleCount`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pNext-06077
  If the `pNext` chain does not contain VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo or its `deviceRenderAreaCount` member is equal to 0, `renderArea.offset.x` must be greater than or equal to 0

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pNext-06078
  If the `pNext` chain does not contain VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo or its `deviceRenderAreaCount` member is equal to 0, `renderArea.offset.y` must be greater than or equal to 0

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pNext-06079
  If the `pNext` chain does not contain VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo or its `deviceRenderAreaCount` member is equal to 0, the width of the `imageView` member of any element of `pColorAttachments`, `pDepthAttachment`, or `pStencilAttachment` that is not VK_NULL_HANDLE must be greater than or equal to `renderArea.offset.x` + `renderArea.extent.width`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pNext-06080
  If the `pNext` chain does not contain VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo or its `deviceRenderAreaCount` member is equal to 0, the height of the `imageView` member of any element of `pColorAttachments`, `pDepthAttachment`, or `pStencilAttachment` that is not VK_NULL_HANDLE must be greater than or equal to `renderArea.offset.y` + `renderArea.extent.height`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pNext-06083
  If the `pNext` chain contains VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo, the width of the `imageView` member of any element of `pColorAttachments`, `pDepthAttachment`, or `pStencilAttachment` that is not VK_NULL_HANDLE must be greater than or equal to the sum of the `offset.x` and `extent.width` members of each element of `pDeviceRenderAreas`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pNext-06084
  If the `pNext` chain contains VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo, the height of the `imageView` member of any element of `pColorAttachments`, `pDepthAttachment`, or `pStencilAttachment` that is not VK_NULL_HANDLE must be greater than or equal to the sum of the `offset.y` and `extent.height` members of each element of `pDeviceRenderAreas`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-06085
  If neither `pDepthAttachment` or `pStencilAttachment` are `NULL` and the `imageView` member of either structure is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the `imageView` member of each structure must be the same

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-06086
  If neither `pDepthAttachment` or `pStencilAttachment` are `NULL`, and the `resolveMode` member of each is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, the `resolveImageView` member of each structure must be the same

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-colorAttachmentCount-06087
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0` and the `imageView` member of an element of `pColorAttachments` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, that `imageView` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-06547
  If `pDepthAttachment` is not `NULL` and `pDepthAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pDepthAttachment->imageView` must have been created with a format that includes a depth aspect

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-06088
  If `pDepthAttachment` is not `NULL` and `pDepthAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pDepthAttachment->imageView` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pStencilAttachment-06548
  If `pStencilAttachment` is not `NULL` and `pStencilAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pStencilAttachment->imageView` must have been created with a format that includes a stencil aspect

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pStencilAttachment-06089
  If `pStencilAttachment` is not `NULL` and `pStencilAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pStencilAttachment->imageView` must have been created with a stencil usage including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-colorAttachmentCount-06090
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0` and the `imageView` member of an element of `pColorAttachments` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the `layout` member of that element of `pColorAttachments` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-colorAttachmentCount-06091
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0` and the `imageView` member of an element of `pColorAttachments` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, if the `resolveMode` member of that element of `pColorAttachments` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, its `resolveImageLayout` member must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-06092
  If `pDepthAttachment` is not `NULL` and `pDepthAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pDepthAttachment->layout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-06093
  If `pDepthAttachment` is not `NULL`, `pDepthAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and `pDepthAttachment->resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, `pDepthAttachment->resolveImageLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pStencilAttachment-06094
  If `pStencilAttachment` is not `NULL` and `pStencilAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pStencilAttachment->layout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pStencilAttachment-06095
  If `pStencilAttachment` is not `NULL`, `pStencilAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and `pStencilAttachment->resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, `pStencilAttachment->resolveImageLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-colorAttachmentCount-06096
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0` and the `imageView` member of an element of `pColorAttachments` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the `layout` member of that element of `pColorAttachments` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-colorAttachmentCount-06097
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0` and the `imageView` member of an element of `pColorAttachments` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, if the `resolveMode` member of that element of `pColorAttachments` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, its `resolveImageLayout` member must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-06098
  If `pDepthAttachment` is not `NULL`, `pDepthAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and `pDepthAttachment->resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, `pDepthAttachment->resolveImageLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pStencilAttachment-06099
  If `pStencilAttachment` is not `NULL`, `pStencilAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and `pStencilAttachment->resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, `pStencilAttachment->resolveImageLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-colorAttachmentCount-06100
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0` and the `imageView` member of an element of `pColorAttachments` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the `layout` member of that element of `pColorAttachments` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-colorAttachmentCount-06101
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0` and the `imageView` member of an element of `pColorAttachments` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, if the `resolveMode` member of that element of `pColorAttachments` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, its `resolveImageLayout` member must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-06102
  If `pDepthAttachment` is not `NULL` and `pDepthAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pDepthAttachment->resolveMode` must be one of the bits set in VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties::`supportedDepthResolveModes`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pStencilAttachment-06103
  If `pStencilAttachment` is not `NULL` and `pStencilAttachment->imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pStencilAttachment->resolveMode` must be one of the bits set in VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties::`supportedStencilResolveModes`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-06104
  If `pDepthAttachment` or `pStencilAttachment` are both not `NULL`, `pDepthAttachment->imageView` and `pStencilAttachment->imageView` are both not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties::`independentResolveNone` is `VK_FALSE`, the `resolveMode` of both structures must be the same value

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-06105
  If `pDepthAttachment` or `pStencilAttachment` are both not `NULL`, `pDepthAttachment->imageView` and `pStencilAttachment->imageView` are both not VK_NULL_HANDLE, VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties::`independentResolve` is `VK_FALSE`, and the `resolveMode` of neither structure is `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, the `resolveMode` of both structures must be the same value

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-colorAttachmentCount-06106
  `colorAttachmentCount` must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxColorAttachments`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-multiview-06127
  If the `multiview` feature is not enabled, `viewMask` must be `0`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-viewMask-06128
  The index of the most significant bit in `viewMask` must be less than `maxMultiviewViewCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_INFO`

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkRenderingFlagBits values

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pColorAttachments-parameter
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0`, `pColorAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` valid VkRenderingAttachmentInfo structures

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pDepthAttachment-parameter
  If `pDepthAttachment` is not `NULL`, `pDepthAttachment` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkRenderingAttachmentInfo structure

- VUID-VkRenderingInfo-pStencilAttachment-parameter
  If `pStencilAttachment` is not `NULL`, `pStencilAttachment` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkRenderingAttachmentInfo structure

Bits which can be set in VkRenderingInfo::`flags` describing additional properties of the render pass are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef enum VkRenderingFlagBits {
        VK_RENDERING_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_RENDERING_SUSPENDING_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_RENDERING_RESUMING_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_RENDERING_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS_BIT_KHR = VK_RENDERING_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS_BIT,
        VK_RENDERING_SUSPENDING_BIT_KHR = VK_RENDERING_SUSPENDING_BIT,
        VK_RENDERING_RESUMING_BIT_KHR = VK_RENDERING_RESUMING_BIT,
    } VkRenderingFlagBits;

- `VK_RENDERING_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS_BIT` specifies that draw calls for the render pass instance will be recorded in secondary command buffers.

- `VK_RENDERING_RESUMING_BIT` specifies that the render pass instance is resuming an earlier suspended render pass instance.

- `VK_RENDERING_SUSPENDING_BIT` specifies that the render pass instance will be suspended.

The contents of `pRenderingInfo` must match between suspended render pass instances and the render pass instances that resume them, other than the presence or absence of the `VK_RENDERING_RESUMING_BIT`, `VK_RENDERING_SUSPENDING_BIT`, and `VK_RENDERING_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS_BIT` flags. No action or synchronization commands, or other render pass instances, are allowed between suspending and resuming render pass instances.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef VkFlags VkRenderingFlags;

`VkRenderingFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkRenderingFlagBits.

The `VkRenderingAttachmentInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkRenderingAttachmentInfo {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkImageView              imageView;
        VkImageLayout            imageLayout;
        VkResolveModeFlagBits    resolveMode;
        VkImageView              resolveImageView;
        VkImageLayout            resolveImageLayout;
        VkAttachmentLoadOp       loadOp;
        VkAttachmentStoreOp      storeOp;
        VkClearValue             clearValue;
    } VkRenderingAttachmentInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `imageView` is the image view that will be used for rendering.

- `imageLayout` is the layout that `imageView` will be in during rendering.

- `resolveMode` is a VkResolveModeFlagBits value defining how multisampled data written to `imageView` will be resolved.

- `resolveImageView` is an image view used to write resolved multisample data at the end of rendering.

- `resolveImageLayout` is the layout that `resolveImageView` will be in during rendering.

- `loadOp` is a VkAttachmentLoadOp value specifying how the contents of `imageView` are treated at the start of the render pass instance.

- `storeOp` is a VkAttachmentStoreOp value specifying how the contents of `imageView` are treated at the end of the render pass instance.

- `clearValue` is a VkClearValue structure defining values used to clear `imageView` when `loadOp` is `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`.

Values in `imageView` are loaded and stored according to the values of `loadOp` and `storeOp`, within the render area for each device specified in VkRenderingInfo. If `imageView` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, other members of this structure are ignored; writes to this attachment will be discarded, and no load, store, or resolve operations will be performed.

If `resolveMode` is `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, then `resolveImageView` is ignored. If `resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, values in `resolveImageView` within the render area become undefined once rendering begins. At the end of rendering, the color values written to each pixel location in `imageView` will be resolved according to `resolveMode` and stored into the the same location in `resolveImageView`.

| Note The resolve mode and store operation are independent; it is valid to write both resolved and unresolved values, and equally valid to discard the unresolved values while writing the resolved ones.

Store and resolve operations are only performed at the end of a render pass instance that does not specify the `VK_RENDERING_SUSPENDING_BIT_KHR` flag.

Load operations are only performed at the beginning of a render pass instance that does not specify the `VK_RENDERING_RESUMING_BIT_KHR` flag.

Image contents at the end of a suspended render pass instance remain defined for access by a resuming render pass instance.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-06129
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and has a non-integer color format, `resolveMode` must be `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE` or `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_AVERAGE_BIT`

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-06130
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and has an integer color format, `resolveMode` must be `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE` or `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_ZERO_BIT`

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-06132
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, `imageView` must not have a sample count of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-06133
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, `resolveImageView` must have a sample count of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-06134
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, `imageView` and `resolveImageView` must have the same VkFormat

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-06135
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `layout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-06136
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, `resolveImageLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-06137
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, `resolveImageLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-06142
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `resolveMode` is not `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, `resolveImageLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL_KHR`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_ATTACHMENT_INFO`

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageView-parameter
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `imageView` must be a valid VkImageView handle

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-imageLayout-parameter
  `imageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-resolveMode-parameter
  If `resolveMode` is not `0`, `resolveMode` must be a valid VkResolveModeFlagBits value

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-resolveImageView-parameter
  If `resolveImageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `resolveImageView` must be a valid VkImageView handle

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-resolveImageLayout-parameter
  `resolveImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-loadOp-parameter
  `loadOp` must be a valid VkAttachmentLoadOp value

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-storeOp-parameter
  `storeOp` must be a valid VkAttachmentStoreOp value

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-clearValue-parameter
  `clearValue` must be a valid VkClearValue union

- VUID-VkRenderingAttachmentInfo-commonparent
  Both of `imageView`, and `resolveImageView` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

To end a render pass instance, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdEndRendering(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer in which to record the command.

If the value of `pRenderingInfo->flags` used to begin this render pass instance included `VK_RENDERING_SUSPENDING_BIT`, then this render pass is suspended and will be resumed later in submission order.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdEndRendering-None-06161
  The current render pass instance must have been begun with vkCmdBeginRendering

- VUID-vkCmdEndRendering-commandBuffer-06162
  The current render pass instance must have been begun in `commandBuffer`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdEndRendering-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdEndRendering-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdEndRendering-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdEndRendering-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Inside | Graphics

| Note For more complex rendering graphs, it is possible to pre-define a static render pass object, which as well as allowing draw commands, allows the definition of framebuffer-local dependencies between multiple subpasses. These objects have a lot of setup cost compared to vkCmdBeginRendering, but use of subpass dependencies can confer important performance benefits on some devices.

A render pass object represents a collection of attachments, subpasses, and dependencies between the subpasses, and describes how the attachments are used over the course of the subpasses.

Render passes are represented by `VkRenderPass` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkRenderPass)

An attachment description describes the properties of an attachment including its format, sample count, and how its contents are treated at the beginning and end of each render pass instance.

A subpass represents a phase of rendering that reads and writes a subset of the attachments in a render pass. Rendering commands are recorded into a particular subpass of a render pass instance.

A subpass description describes the subset of attachments that is involved in the execution of a subpass. Each subpass can read from some attachments as input attachments, write to some as color attachments or depth/stencil attachments, and perform multisample resolve operations to resolve attachments. A subpass description can also include a set of preserve attachments, which are attachments that are not read or written by the subpass but whose contents must be preserved throughout the subpass.

A subpass uses an attachment if the attachment is a color, depth/stencil, resolve, depth/stencil resolve, or input attachment for that subpass (as determined by the `pColorAttachments`, `pDepthStencilAttachment`, `pResolveAttachments`, VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve::`pDepthStencilResolveAttachment`, and `pInputAttachments` members of VkSubpassDescription, respectively). A subpass does not use an attachment if that attachment is preserved by the subpass. The first use of an attachment is in the lowest numbered subpass that uses that attachment. Similarly, the last use of an attachment is in the highest numbered subpass that uses that attachment.

The subpasses in a render pass all render to the same dimensions, and fragments for pixel (x,y,layer) in one subpass can only read attachment contents written by previous subpasses at that same (x,y,layer) location.

| Note By describing a complete set of subpasses in advance, render passes provide the implementation an opportunity to optimize the storage and transfer of attachment data between subpasses. In practice, this means that subpasses with a simple framebuffer-space dependency may be merged into a single tiled rendering pass, keeping the attachment data on-chip for the duration of a render pass instance. However, it is also quite common for a render pass to only contain a single subpass.

Subpass dependencies describe execution and memory dependencies between subpasses.

A subpass dependency chain is a sequence of subpass dependencies in a render pass, where the source subpass of each subpass dependency (after the first) equals the destination subpass of the previous dependency.

Execution of subpasses may overlap or execute out of order with regards to other subpasses, unless otherwise enforced by an execution dependency. Each subpass only respects submission order for commands recorded in the same subpass, and the vkCmdBeginRenderPass and vkCmdEndRenderPass commands that delimit the render pass - commands within other subpasses are not included. This affects most other implicit ordering guarantees.

A render pass describes the structure of subpasses and attachments independent of any specific image views for the attachments. The specific image views that will be used for the attachments, and their dimensions, are specified in `VkFramebuffer` objects. Framebuffers are created with respect to a specific render pass that the framebuffer is compatible with (see Render Pass Compatibility). Collectively, a render pass and a framebuffer define the complete render target state for one or more subpasses as well as the algorithmic dependencies between the subpasses.

The various pipeline stages of the drawing commands for a given subpass may execute concurrently and/or out of order, both within and across drawing commands, whilst still respecting pipeline order. However for a given (x,y,layer,sample) sample location, certain per-sample operations are performed in rasterization order.

`VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` is a constant indicating that a render pass attachment is not used.

    #define VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED              (~0U)

### 8.1. Render Pass Creation

To create a render pass, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateRenderPass(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkRenderPassCreateInfo*               pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkRenderPass*                               pRenderPass);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the render pass.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkRenderPassCreateInfo structure describing the parameters of the render pass.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pRenderPass` is a pointer to a VkRenderPass handle in which the resulting render pass object is returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateRenderPass-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateRenderPass-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkRenderPassCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateRenderPass-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateRenderPass-pRenderPass-parameter
  `pRenderPass` must be a valid pointer to a VkRenderPass handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkRenderPassCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkRenderPassCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                   sType;
        const void*                       pNext;
        VkRenderPassCreateFlags           flags;
        uint32_t                          attachmentCount;
        const VkAttachmentDescription*    pAttachments;
        uint32_t                          subpassCount;
        const VkSubpassDescription*       pSubpasses;
        uint32_t                          dependencyCount;
        const VkSubpassDependency*        pDependencies;
    } VkRenderPassCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `attachmentCount` is the number of attachments used by this render pass.

- `pAttachments` is a pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` VkAttachmentDescription structures describing the attachments used by the render pass.

- `subpassCount` is the number of subpasses to create.

- `pSubpasses` is a pointer to an array of `subpassCount` VkSubpassDescription structures describing each subpass.

- `dependencyCount` is the number of memory dependencies between pairs of subpasses.

- `pDependencies` is a pointer to an array of `dependencyCount` VkSubpassDependency structures describing dependencies between pairs of subpasses.

| Note Care should be taken to avoid a data race here; if any subpasses access attachments with overlapping memory locations, and one of those accesses is a write, a subpass dependency needs to be included between them.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-attachment-00834
  If the `attachment` member of any element of `pInputAttachments`, `pColorAttachments`, `pResolveAttachments` or `pDepthStencilAttachment`, or any element of `pPreserveAttachments` in any element of `pSubpasses` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, then it must be less than `attachmentCount`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pAttachments-00836
  For any member of `pAttachments` with a `loadOp` equal to `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`, the first use of that attachment must not specify a `layout` equal to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pAttachments-02511
  For any member of `pAttachments` with a `stencilLoadOp` equal to `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`, the first use of that attachment must not specify a `layout` equal to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pAttachments-01566
  For any member of `pAttachments` with a `loadOp` equal to `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`, the first use of that attachment must not specify a `layout` equal to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pAttachments-01567
  For any member of `pAttachments` with a `stencilLoadOp` equal to `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`, the first use of that attachment must not specify a `layout` equal to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-01926
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo structure, the `subpass` member of each element of its `pAspectReferences` member must be less than `subpassCount`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-01927
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo structure, the `inputAttachmentIndex` member of each element of its `pAspectReferences` member must be less than the value of `inputAttachmentCount` in the element of `pSubpasses` identified by its `subpass` member

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-01963
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo structure, for any element of the `pInputAttachments` member of any element of `pSubpasses` where the `attachment` member is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, the `aspectMask` member of the corresponding element of VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo::`pAspectReferences` must only include aspects that are present in images of the format specified by the element of `pAttachments` at `attachment`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-01928
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo structure, and its `subpassCount` member is not zero, that member must be equal to the value of `subpassCount`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-01929
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo structure, if its `dependencyCount` member is not zero, it must be equal to `dependencyCount`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-01930
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo structure, for each non-zero element of `pViewOffsets`, the `srcSubpass` and `dstSubpass` members of `pDependencies` at the same index must not be equal

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-02512
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo structure, for any element of `pDependencies` with a `dependencyFlags` member that does not include `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`, the corresponding element of the `pViewOffsets` member of that VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo instance must be `0`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-02513
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo structure, elements of its `pViewMasks` member must either all be `0`, or all not be `0`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-02514
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo structure, and each element of its `pViewMasks` member is `0`, the `dependencyFlags` member of each element of `pDependencies` must not include `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-02515
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo structure, and each element of its `pViewMasks` member is `0`, its `correlationMaskCount` member must be `0`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pDependencies-00837
  For any element of `pDependencies`, if the `srcSubpass` is not `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, all stage flags included in the `srcStageMask` member of that dependency must be a pipeline stage supported by the pipeline identified by the `pipelineBindPoint` member of the source subpass

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pDependencies-00838
  For any element of `pDependencies`, if the `dstSubpass` is not `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, all stage flags included in the `dstStageMask` member of that dependency must be a pipeline stage supported by the pipeline identified by the `pipelineBindPoint` member of the destination subpass

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-srcSubpass-02517
  The `srcSubpass` member of each element of `pDependencies` must be less than `subpassCount`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-dstSubpass-02518
  The `dstSubpass` member of each element of `pDependencies` must be less than `subpassCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo or VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pAttachments-parameter
  If `attachmentCount` is not `0`, `pAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid VkAttachmentDescription structures

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pSubpasses-parameter
  `pSubpasses` must be a valid pointer to an array of `subpassCount` valid VkSubpassDescription structures

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-pDependencies-parameter
  If `dependencyCount` is not `0`, `pDependencies` must be a valid pointer to an array of `dependencyCount` valid VkSubpassDependency structures

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo-subpassCount-arraylength
  `subpassCount` must be greater than `0`

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkRenderPassCreateFlags;

`VkRenderPassCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkRenderPassCreateFlagBits.

If the VkRenderPassCreateInfo::`pNext` chain includes a `VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo` structure, then that structure includes an array of view masks, view offsets, and correlation masks for the render pass.

The `VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           subpassCount;
        const uint32_t*    pViewMasks;
        uint32_t           dependencyCount;
        const int32_t*     pViewOffsets;
        uint32_t           correlationMaskCount;
        const uint32_t*    pCorrelationMasks;
    } VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `subpassCount` is zero or the number of subpasses in the render pass.

- `pViewMasks` is a pointer to an array of `subpassCount` view masks, where each mask is a bitfield of view indices describing which views rendering is broadcast to in each subpass, when multiview is enabled. If `subpassCount` is zero, each view mask is treated as zero.

- `dependencyCount` is zero or the number of dependencies in the render pass.

- `pViewOffsets` is a pointer to an array of `dependencyCount` view offsets, one for each dependency. If `dependencyCount` is zero, each dependency’s view offset is treated as zero. Each view offset controls which views in the source subpass the views in the destination subpass depend on.

- `correlationMaskCount` is zero or the number of correlation masks.

- `pCorrelationMasks` is a pointer to an array of `correlationMaskCount` view masks indicating sets of views that may be more efficient to render concurrently.

When a subpass uses a non-zero view mask, multiview functionality is considered to be enabled. Multiview is all-or-nothing for a render pass - that is, either all subpasses must have a non-zero view mask (though some subpasses may have only one view) or all must be zero. Multiview causes all drawing and clear commands in the subpass to behave as if they were broadcast to each view, where a view is represented by one layer of the framebuffer attachments. All draws and clears are broadcast to each view index whose bit is set in the view mask. The view index is provided in the `ViewIndex` shader input variable, and color, depth/stencil, and input attachments all read/write the layer of the framebuffer corresponding to the view index.

If the view mask is zero for all subpasses, multiview is considered to be disabled and all drawing commands execute normally, without this additional broadcasting.

Some implementations may not support multiview in conjunction with geometry shaders or tessellation shaders.

When multiview is enabled, the `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT` bit in a dependency can be used to express a view-local dependency, meaning that each view in the destination subpass depends on a single view in the source subpass. Unlike pipeline barriers, a subpass dependency can potentially have a different view mask in the source subpass and the destination subpass. If the dependency is view-local, then each view (dstView) in the destination subpass depends on the view dstView + `pViewOffsets`[dependency] in the source subpass. If there is not such a view in the source subpass, then this dependency does not affect that view in the destination subpass. If the dependency is not view-local, then all views in the destination subpass depend on all views in the source subpass, and the view offset is ignored. A non-zero view offset is not allowed in a self-dependency.

The elements of `pCorrelationMasks` are a set of masks of views indicating that views in the same mask may exhibit spatial coherency between the views, making it more efficient to render them concurrently. Correlation masks must not have a functional effect on the results of the multiview rendering.

When multiview is enabled, at the beginning of each subpass all non-render pass state is undefined. In particular, each time vkCmdBeginRenderPass or vkCmdNextSubpass is called the graphics pipeline must be bound, any relevant descriptor sets or vertex/index buffers must be bound, and any relevant dynamic state or push constants must be set before they are used.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo-pCorrelationMasks-00841
  Each view index must not be set in more than one element of `pCorrelationMasks`

- VUID-VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo-multiview-06555
  If the `multiview` feature is not enabled, each element of `pViewMasks` must be `0`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_MULTIVIEW_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo-pViewMasks-parameter
  If `subpassCount` is not `0`, `pViewMasks` must be a valid pointer to an array of `subpassCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo-pViewOffsets-parameter
  If `dependencyCount` is not `0`, `pViewOffsets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `dependencyCount` `int32_t` values

- VUID-VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo-pCorrelationMasks-parameter
  If `correlationMaskCount` is not `0`, `pCorrelationMasks` must be a valid pointer to an array of `correlationMaskCount` `uint32_t` values

The `VkAttachmentDescription` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkAttachmentDescription {
        VkAttachmentDescriptionFlags    flags;
        VkFormat                        format;
        VkSampleCountFlagBits           samples;
        VkAttachmentLoadOp              loadOp;
        VkAttachmentStoreOp             storeOp;
        VkAttachmentLoadOp              stencilLoadOp;
        VkAttachmentStoreOp             stencilStoreOp;
        VkImageLayout                   initialLayout;
        VkImageLayout                   finalLayout;
    } VkAttachmentDescription;

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkAttachmentDescriptionFlagBits specifying additional properties of the attachment.

- `format` is a VkFormat value specifying the format of the image view that will be used for the attachment.

- `samples` is a VkSampleCountFlagBits value specifying the number of samples of the image.

- `loadOp` is a VkAttachmentLoadOp value specifying how the contents of color and depth components of the attachment are treated at the beginning of the subpass where it is first used.

- `storeOp` is a VkAttachmentStoreOp value specifying how the contents of color and depth components of the attachment are treated at the end of the subpass where it is last used.

- `stencilLoadOp` is a VkAttachmentLoadOp value specifying how the contents of stencil components of the attachment are treated at the beginning of the subpass where it is first used.

- `stencilStoreOp` is a VkAttachmentStoreOp value specifying how the contents of stencil components of the attachment are treated at the end of the last subpass where it is used.

- `initialLayout` is the layout the attachment image subresource will be in when a render pass instance begins.

- `finalLayout` is the layout the attachment image subresource will be transitioned to when a render pass instance ends.

If the attachment uses a color format, then `loadOp` and `storeOp` are used, and `stencilLoadOp` and `stencilStoreOp` are ignored. If the format has depth and/or stencil components, `loadOp` and `storeOp` apply only to the depth data, while `stencilLoadOp` and `stencilStoreOp` define how the stencil data is handled. `loadOp` and `stencilLoadOp` define the load operations that execute as part of the first subpass that uses the attachment. `storeOp` and `stencilStoreOp` define the store operations that execute as part of the last subpass that uses the attachment.

The load operation for each sample in an attachment happens-before any recorded command which accesses the sample in the first subpass where the attachment is used. Load operations for attachments with a depth/stencil format execute in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` pipeline stage. Load operations for attachments with a color format execute in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` pipeline stage.

The store operation for each sample in an attachment happens-after any recorded command which accesses the sample in the last subpass where the attachment is used. Store operations for attachments with a depth/stencil format execute in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` pipeline stage. Store operations for attachments with a color format execute in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` pipeline stage.

If an attachment is not used by any subpass, `loadOp`, `storeOp`, `stencilStoreOp`, and `stencilLoadOp` will be ignored for that attachment, and no load or store ops will be performed. However, any transition specified by `initialLayout` and `finalLayout` will still be executed.

The load and store operations apply on the first and last use of each view in the render pass, respectively. If a view index of an attachment is not included in the view mask in any subpass that uses it, then the load and store operations are ignored, and the attachment’s memory contents will not be modified by execution of a render pass instance.

During a render pass instance, input/color attachments with color formats that have a component size of 8, 16, or 32 bits must be represented in the attachment’s format throughout the instance. Attachments with other floating- or fixed-point color formats, or with depth components may be represented in a format with a precision higher than the attachment format, but must be represented with the same range. When such a component is loaded via the `loadOp`, it will be converted into an implementation-dependent format used by the render pass. Such components must be converted from the render pass format, to the format of the attachment, before they are resolved or stored at the end of a render pass instance via `storeOp`. Conversions occur as described in Numeric Representation and Computation and Fixed-Point Data Conversions.

If `flags` includes `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT`, then the attachment is treated as if it shares physical memory with another attachment in the same render pass. This information limits the ability of the implementation to reorder certain operations (like layout transitions and the `loadOp`) such that it is not improperly reordered against other uses of the same physical memory via a different attachment. This is described in more detail below.

If a render pass uses multiple attachments that alias the same device memory, those attachments must each include the `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT` bit in their attachment description flags. Attachments aliasing the same memory occurs in multiple ways:

- Multiple attachments being assigned the same image view as part of framebuffer creation.

- Attachments using distinct image views that correspond to the same image subresource of an image.

- Attachments using views of distinct image subresources which are bound to overlapping memory ranges.

| Note Render passes must include subpass dependencies (either directly or via a subpass dependency chain) between any two subpasses that operate on the same attachment or aliasing attachments and those subpass dependencies must include execution and memory dependencies separating uses of the aliases, if at least one of those subpasses writes to one of the aliases. These dependencies must not include the `VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT` if the aliases are views of distinct image subresources which overlap in memory.

Multiple attachments that alias the same memory must not be used in a single subpass. A given attachment index must not be used multiple times in a single subpass, with one exception: two subpass attachments can use the same attachment index if at least one use is as an input attachment and neither use is as a resolve or preserve attachment. In other words, the same view can be used simultaneously as an input and color or depth/stencil attachment, but must not be used as multiple color or depth/stencil attachments nor as resolve or preserve attachments. The precise set of valid scenarios is described in more detail below.

If a set of attachments alias each other, then all except the first to be used in the render pass must use an `initialLayout` of `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, since the earlier uses of the other aliases make their contents undefined. Once an alias has been used and a different alias has been used after it, the first alias must not be used in any later subpasses. However, an application can assign the same image view to multiple aliasing attachment indices, which allows that image view to be used multiple times even if other aliases are used in between.

| Note Once an attachment needs the `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT` bit, there should be no additional cost of introducing additional aliases, and using these additional aliases may allow more efficient clearing of the attachments on multiple uses via `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-finalLayout-00843
  `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03280
  If `format` is a color format, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-06487
  If `format` is a color format, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03281
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03282
  If `format` is a color format, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-06488
  If `format` is a color format, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03283
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-separateDepthStencilLayouts-03284
  If the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is not enabled, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-separateDepthStencilLayouts-03285
  If the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is not enabled, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03286
  If `format` is a color format, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03287
  If `format` is a color format, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03288
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes both depth and stencil aspects, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03289
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes both depth and stencil aspects, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03290
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes only the depth aspect, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03291
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes only the depth aspect, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03292
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes only the stencil aspect, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-03293
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes only the stencil aspect, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkAttachmentDescriptionFlagBits values

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-samples-parameter
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-loadOp-parameter
  `loadOp` must be a valid VkAttachmentLoadOp value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-storeOp-parameter
  `storeOp` must be a valid VkAttachmentStoreOp value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-stencilLoadOp-parameter
  `stencilLoadOp` must be a valid VkAttachmentLoadOp value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-stencilStoreOp-parameter
  `stencilStoreOp` must be a valid VkAttachmentStoreOp value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-initialLayout-parameter
  `initialLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription-finalLayout-parameter
  `finalLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

Bits which can be set in VkAttachmentDescription::`flags`, describing additional properties of the attachment, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkAttachmentDescriptionFlagBits {
        VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkAttachmentDescriptionFlagBits;

- `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT` specifies that the attachment aliases the same device memory as other attachments.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkAttachmentDescriptionFlags;

`VkAttachmentDescriptionFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkAttachmentDescriptionFlagBits.

Possible values of VkAttachmentDescription::`loadOp` and `stencilLoadOp`, specifying how the contents of the attachment are treated, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkAttachmentLoadOp {
        VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD = 0,
        VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR = 1,
        VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE = 2,
    } VkAttachmentLoadOp;

- `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD` specifies that the previous contents of the image within the render area will be preserved. For attachments with a depth/stencil format, this uses the access type `VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`. For attachments with a color format, this uses the access type `VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT`.

- `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR` specifies that the contents within the render area will be cleared to a uniform value, which is specified when a render pass instance is begun. For attachments with a depth/stencil format, this uses the access type `VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`. For attachments with a color format, this uses the access type `VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`.

- `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE` specifies that the previous contents within the area need not be preserved; the contents of the attachment will be undefined inside the render area. For attachments with a depth/stencil format, this uses the access type `VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`. For attachments with a color format, this uses the access type `VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`.

Possible values of VkAttachmentDescription::`storeOp` and `stencilStoreOp`, specifying how the contents of the attachment are treated, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkAttachmentStoreOp {
        VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE = 0,
        VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE = 1,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_NONE = 1000301000,
    } VkAttachmentStoreOp;

- `VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE` specifies the contents generated during the render pass and within the render area are written to memory. For attachments with a depth/stencil format, this uses the access type `VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`. For attachments with a color format, this uses the access type `VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`.

- `VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE` specifies the contents within the render area are not needed after rendering, and may be discarded; the contents of the attachment will be undefined inside the render area. For attachments with a depth/stencil format, this uses the access type `VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`. For attachments with a color format, this uses the access type `VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`.

- `VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_NONE` specifies the contents within the render area are not accessed by the store operation. However, if the attachment was written to during the render pass, the contents of the attachment will be undefined inside the render area.

| Note `VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE` can cause contents generated during previous render passes to be discarded before reaching memory, even if no write to the attachment occurs during the current render pass.

The `VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                            sType;
        const void*                                pNext;
        uint32_t                                   aspectReferenceCount;
        const VkInputAttachmentAspectReference*    pAspectReferences;
    } VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `aspectReferenceCount` is the number of elements in the `pAspectReferences` array.

- `pAspectReferences` is a pointer to an array of `aspectReferenceCount` VkInputAttachmentAspectReference structures containing a mask describing which aspect(s) can be accessed for a given input attachment within a given subpass.

To specify which aspects of an input attachment can be read, add a VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkRenderPassCreateInfo structure:

An application can access any aspect of an input attachment that does not have a specified aspect mask in the `pAspectReferences` array. Otherwise, an application must not access aspect(s) of an input attachment other than those in its specified aspect mask.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_ASPECT_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo-pAspectReferences-parameter
  `pAspectReferences` must be a valid pointer to an array of `aspectReferenceCount` valid VkInputAttachmentAspectReference structures

- VUID-VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo-aspectReferenceCount-arraylength
  `aspectReferenceCount` must be greater than `0`

The `VkInputAttachmentAspectReference` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkInputAttachmentAspectReference {
        uint32_t              subpass;
        uint32_t              inputAttachmentIndex;
        VkImageAspectFlags    aspectMask;
    } VkInputAttachmentAspectReference;

- `subpass` is an index into the `pSubpasses` array of the parent `VkRenderPassCreateInfo` structure.

- `inputAttachmentIndex` is an index into the `pInputAttachments` of the specified subpass.

- `aspectMask` is a mask of which aspect(s) can be accessed within the specified subpass.

This structure specifies an aspect mask for a specific input attachment of a specific subpass in the render pass.

`subpass` and `inputAttachmentIndex` index into the render pass as:

    pCreateInfo->pSubpasses[subpass].pInputAttachments[inputAttachmentIndex]

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkInputAttachmentAspectReference-aspectMask-01964
  `aspectMask` must not include `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkInputAttachmentAspectReference-aspectMask-parameter
  `aspectMask` must be a valid combination of VkImageAspectFlagBits values

- VUID-VkInputAttachmentAspectReference-aspectMask-requiredbitmask
  `aspectMask` must not be `0`

The `VkSubpassDescription` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSubpassDescription {
        VkSubpassDescriptionFlags       flags;
        VkPipelineBindPoint             pipelineBindPoint;
        uint32_t                        inputAttachmentCount;
        const VkAttachmentReference*    pInputAttachments;
        uint32_t                        colorAttachmentCount;
        const VkAttachmentReference*    pColorAttachments;
        const VkAttachmentReference*    pResolveAttachments;
        const VkAttachmentReference*    pDepthStencilAttachment;
        uint32_t                        preserveAttachmentCount;
        const uint32_t*                 pPreserveAttachments;
    } VkSubpassDescription;

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkSubpassDescriptionFlagBits specifying usage of the subpass.

- `pipelineBindPoint` is a VkPipelineBindPoint value specifying the pipeline type supported for this subpass.

- `inputAttachmentCount` is the number of input attachments.

- `pInputAttachments` is a pointer to an array of VkAttachmentReference structures defining the input attachments for this subpass and their layouts.

- `colorAttachmentCount` is the number of color attachments.

- `pColorAttachments` is a pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` VkAttachmentReference structures defining the color attachments for this subpass and their layouts.

- `pResolveAttachments` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` VkAttachmentReference structures defining the resolve attachments for this subpass and their layouts.

- `pDepthStencilAttachment` is a pointer to a VkAttachmentReference structure specifying the depth/stencil attachment for this subpass and its layout.

- `preserveAttachmentCount` is the number of preserved attachments.

- `pPreserveAttachments` is a pointer to an array of `preserveAttachmentCount` render pass attachment indices identifying attachments that are not used by this subpass, but whose contents must be preserved throughout the subpass.

Each element of the `pInputAttachments` array corresponds to an input attachment index in a fragment shader, i.e. if a shader declares an image variable decorated with a `InputAttachmentIndex` value of X, then it uses the attachment provided in `pInputAttachments`[X]. Input attachments must also be bound to the pipeline in a descriptor set. If the `attachment` member of any element of `pInputAttachments` is `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, the application must not read from the corresponding input attachment index. Fragment shaders can use subpass input variables to access the contents of an input attachment at the fragment’s (x, y, layer) framebuffer coordinates.

Each element of the `pColorAttachments` array corresponds to an output location in the shader, i.e. if the shader declares an output variable decorated with a `Location` value of X, then it uses the attachment provided in `pColorAttachments`[X]. If the `attachment` member of any element of `pColorAttachments` is `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, then writes to the corresponding location by a fragment shader are discarded.

If `pResolveAttachments` is not `NULL`, each of its elements corresponds to a color attachment (the element in `pColorAttachments` at the same index), and a multisample resolve operation is defined for each attachment. At the end of each subpass, multisample resolve operations read the subpass’s color attachments, and resolve the samples for each pixel within the render area to the same pixel location in the corresponding resolve attachments, unless the resolve attachment index is `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`.

Similarly, if VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve::`pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, it corresponds to the depth/stencil attachment in `pDepthStencilAttachment`, and multisample resolve operations for depth and stencil are defined by VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve::`depthResolveMode` and VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve::`stencilResolveMode`, respectively. At the end of each subpass, multisample resolve operations read the subpass’s depth/stencil attachment, and resolve the samples for each pixel to the same pixel location in the corresponding resolve attachment. If VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve::`depthResolveMode` is `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, then the depth component of the resolve attachment is not written to and its contents are preserved. Similarly, if VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve::`stencilResolveMode` is `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`, then the stencil component of the resolve attachment is not written to and its contents are preserved. VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve::`depthResolveMode` is ignored if the VkFormat of the `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` does not have a depth component. Similarly, VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve::`stencilResolveMode` is ignored if the VkFormat of the `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` does not have a stencil component.

If `pDepthStencilAttachment` is `NULL`, or if its attachment index is `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, it indicates that no depth/stencil attachment will be used in the subpass.

The contents of an attachment within the render area become undefined at the start of a subpass S if all of the following conditions are true:

- The attachment is used as a color, depth/stencil, or resolve attachment in any subpass in the render pass.

- There is a subpass S1 that uses or preserves the attachment, and a subpass dependency from S1 to S.

- The attachment is not used or preserved in subpass S.

Once the contents of an attachment become undefined in subpass S, they remain undefined for subpasses in subpass dependency chains starting with subpass S until they are written again. However, they remain valid for subpasses in other subpass dependency chains starting with subpass S1 if those subpasses use or preserve the attachment.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pipelineBindPoint-00844
  `pipelineBindPoint` must be `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-colorAttachmentCount-00845
  `colorAttachmentCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxColorAttachments`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-loadOp-00846
  If the first use of an attachment in this render pass is as an input attachment, and the attachment is not also used as a color or depth/stencil attachment in the same subpass, then `loadOp` must not be `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pResolveAttachments-00847
  If `pResolveAttachments` is not `NULL`, for each resolve attachment that is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, the corresponding color attachment must not be `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pResolveAttachments-00848
  If `pResolveAttachments` is not `NULL`, for each resolve attachment that is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, the corresponding color attachment must not have a sample count of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pResolveAttachments-00849
  If `pResolveAttachments` is not `NULL`, each resolve attachment that is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have a sample count of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pResolveAttachments-00850
  If `pResolveAttachments` is not `NULL`, each resolve attachment that is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have the same VkFormat as its corresponding color attachment

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pColorAttachments-01417
  All attachments in `pColorAttachments` that are not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have the same sample count

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pInputAttachments-02647
  All attachments in `pInputAttachments` that are not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have image formats whose potential format features contain at least `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pColorAttachments-02648
  All attachments in `pColorAttachments` that are not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have image formats whose potential format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pResolveAttachments-02649
  All attachments in `pResolveAttachments` that are not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have image formats whose potential format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pDepthStencilAttachment-02650
  If `pDepthStencilAttachment` is not `NULL` and the attachment is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` then it must have an image format whose potential format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pDepthStencilAttachment-01418
  If neither the ``VK_AMD_mixed_attachment_samples`` nor the ``VK_NV_framebuffer_mixed_samples`` extensions are enabled, and if `pDepthStencilAttachment` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` and any attachments in `pColorAttachments` are not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, they must have the same sample count

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-attachment-00853
  Each element of `pPreserveAttachments` must not be `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pPreserveAttachments-00854
  Each element of `pPreserveAttachments` must not also be an element of any other member of the subpass description

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-layout-02519
  If any attachment is used by more than one VkAttachmentReference member, then each use must use the same `layout`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-None-04437
  Each attachment must follow the image layout requirements specified for its attachment type

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pDepthStencilAttachment-04438
  `pDepthStencilAttachment` and `pColorAttachments` must not contain references to the same attachment

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pipelineBindPoint-parameter
  `pipelineBindPoint` must be a valid VkPipelineBindPoint value

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pInputAttachments-parameter
  If `inputAttachmentCount` is not `0`, `pInputAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `inputAttachmentCount` valid VkAttachmentReference structures

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pColorAttachments-parameter
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0`, `pColorAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` valid VkAttachmentReference structures

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pResolveAttachments-parameter
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0`, and `pResolveAttachments` is not `NULL`, `pResolveAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` valid VkAttachmentReference structures

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pDepthStencilAttachment-parameter
  If `pDepthStencilAttachment` is not `NULL`, `pDepthStencilAttachment` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAttachmentReference structure

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pPreserveAttachments-parameter
  If `preserveAttachmentCount` is not `0`, `pPreserveAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `preserveAttachmentCount` `uint32_t` values

Bits which can be set in VkSubpassDescription::`flags`, specifying usage of the subpass, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSubpassDescriptionFlagBits {
    } VkSubpassDescriptionFlagBits;

| Note All bits for this type are defined by extensions, and none of those extensions are enabled in this build of the specification.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkSubpassDescriptionFlags;

`VkSubpassDescriptionFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkSubpassDescriptionFlagBits.

The `VkAttachmentReference` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkAttachmentReference {
        uint32_t         attachment;
        VkImageLayout    layout;
    } VkAttachmentReference;

- `attachment` is either an integer value identifying an attachment at the corresponding index in VkRenderPassCreateInfo::`pAttachments`, or `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` to signify that this attachment is not used.

- `layout` is a VkImageLayout value specifying the layout the attachment uses during the subpass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference-layout-00857
  If `attachment` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, `layout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference-layout-parameter
  `layout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

`VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL` is a special subpass index value expanding synchronization scope outside a subpass. It is described in more detail by VkSubpassDependency.

    #define VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL               (~0U)

The `VkSubpassDependency` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSubpassDependency {
        uint32_t                srcSubpass;
        uint32_t                dstSubpass;
        VkPipelineStageFlags    srcStageMask;
        VkPipelineStageFlags    dstStageMask;
        VkAccessFlags           srcAccessMask;
        VkAccessFlags           dstAccessMask;
        VkDependencyFlags       dependencyFlags;
    } VkSubpassDependency;

- `srcSubpass` is the subpass index of the first subpass in the dependency, or `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`.

- `dstSubpass` is the subpass index of the second subpass in the dependency, or `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`.

- `srcStageMask` is a bitmask of VkPipelineStageFlagBits specifying the source stage mask.

- `dstStageMask` is a bitmask of VkPipelineStageFlagBits specifying the destination stage mask

- `srcAccessMask` is a bitmask of VkAccessFlagBits specifying a source access mask.

- `dstAccessMask` is a bitmask of VkAccessFlagBits specifying a destination access mask.

- `dependencyFlags` is a bitmask of VkDependencyFlagBits.

If `srcSubpass` is equal to `dstSubpass` then the VkSubpassDependency describes a subpass self-dependency, and only constrains the pipeline barriers allowed within a subpass instance. Otherwise, when a render pass instance which includes a subpass dependency is submitted to a queue, it defines a memory dependency between the subpasses identified by `srcSubpass` and `dstSubpass`.

If `srcSubpass` is equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, the first synchronization scope includes commands that occur earlier in submission order than the vkCmdBeginRenderPass used to begin the render pass instance. Otherwise, the first set of commands includes all commands submitted as part of the subpass instance identified by `srcSubpass` and any load, store or multisample resolve operations on attachments used in `srcSubpass`. In either case, the first synchronization scope is limited to operations on the pipeline stages determined by the source stage mask specified by `srcStageMask`.

If `dstSubpass` is equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, the second synchronization scope includes commands that occur later in submission order than the vkCmdEndRenderPass used to end the render pass instance. Otherwise, the second set of commands includes all commands submitted as part of the subpass instance identified by `dstSubpass` and any load, store or multisample resolve operations on attachments used in `dstSubpass`. In either case, the second synchronization scope is limited to operations on the pipeline stages determined by the destination stage mask specified by `dstStageMask`.

The first access scope is limited to accesses in the pipeline stages determined by the source stage mask specified by `srcStageMask`. It is also limited to access types in the source access mask specified by `srcAccessMask`.

The second access scope is limited to accesses in the pipeline stages determined by the destination stage mask specified by `dstStageMask`. It is also limited to access types in the destination access mask specified by `dstAccessMask`.

The availability and visibility operations defined by a subpass dependency affect the execution of image layout transitions within the render pass.

| Note For non-attachment resources, the memory dependency expressed by subpass dependency is nearly identical to that of a VkMemoryBarrier (with matching `srcAccessMask` and `dstAccessMask` parameters) submitted as a part of a vkCmdPipelineBarrier (with matching `srcStageMask` and `dstStageMask` parameters). The only difference being that its scopes are limited to the identified subpasses rather than potentially affecting everything before and after. For attachments however, subpass dependencies work more like a VkImageMemoryBarrier defined similarly to the VkMemoryBarrier above, the queue family indices set to `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED`, and layouts as follows: The equivalent to `oldLayout` is the attachment’s layout according to the subpass description for `srcSubpass`. The equivalent to `newLayout` is the attachment’s layout according to the subpass description for `dstSubpass`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcStageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcStageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcStageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-dstStageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-dstStageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-dstStageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcSubpass-00864
  `srcSubpass` must be less than or equal to `dstSubpass`, unless one of them is `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, to avoid cyclic dependencies and ensure a valid execution order

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcSubpass-00865
  `srcSubpass` and `dstSubpass` must not both be equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcSubpass-00867
  If `srcSubpass` is equal to `dstSubpass` and not all of the stages in `srcStageMask` and `dstStageMask` are framebuffer-space stages, the logically latest pipeline stage in `srcStageMask` must be logically earlier than or equal to the logically earliest pipeline stage in `dstStageMask`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcAccessMask-00868
  Any access flag included in `srcAccessMask` must be supported by one of the pipeline stages in `srcStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-dstAccessMask-00869
  Any access flag included in `dstAccessMask` must be supported by one of the pipeline stages in `dstStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcSubpass-02243
  If `srcSubpass` equals `dstSubpass`, and `srcStageMask` and `dstStageMask` both include a framebuffer-space stage, then `dependencyFlags` must include `VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-dependencyFlags-02520
  If `dependencyFlags` includes `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`, `srcSubpass` must not be equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-dependencyFlags-02521
  If `dependencyFlags` includes `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`, `dstSubpass` must not be equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcSubpass-00872
  If `srcSubpass` equals `dstSubpass` and that subpass has more than one bit set in the view mask, then `dependencyFlags` must include `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcStageMask-parameter
  `srcStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-dstStageMask-parameter
  `dstStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-srcAccessMask-parameter
  `srcAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-dstAccessMask-parameter
  `dstAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency-dependencyFlags-parameter
  `dependencyFlags` must be a valid combination of VkDependencyFlagBits values

When multiview is enabled, the execution of the multiple views of one subpass may not occur simultaneously or even back-to-back, and rather may be interleaved with the execution of other subpasses. The load and store operations apply to attachments on a per-view basis. For example, an attachment using `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR` will have each view cleared on first use, but the first use of one view may be temporally distant from the first use of another view.

| Note A good mental model for multiview is to think of a multiview subpass as if it were a collection of individual (per-view) subpasses that are logically grouped together and described as a single multiview subpass in the API. Similarly, a multiview attachment can be thought of like several individual attachments that happen to be layers in a single image. A view-local dependency between two multiview subpasses acts like a set of one-to-one dependencies between corresponding pairs of per-view subpasses. A view-global dependency between two multiview subpasses acts like a set of N × M dependencies between all pairs of per-view subpasses in the source and destination. Thus, it is a more compact representation which also makes clear the commonality and reuse that is present between views in a subpass. This interpretation motivates the answers to questions like “when does the load op apply” - it is on the first use of each view of an attachment, as if each view was a separate attachment.

| editing-note The following two alleged implicit dependencies are practically no-ops, as the operations they describe are already guaranteed by semaphores and submission order (so they are almost entirely no-ops on their own). The only reason they exist is because it simplifies reasoning about where automatic layout transitions happen. Further rewrites of this chapter could potentially remove the need for these.

If there is no subpass dependency from `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL` to the first subpass that uses an attachment, then an implicit subpass dependency exists from `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL` to the first subpass it is used in. The implicit subpass dependency only exists if there exists an automatic layout transition away from `initialLayout`. The subpass dependency operates as if defined with the following parameters:

    VkSubpassDependency implicitDependency = {
        .srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
        .dstSubpass = firstSubpass; // First subpass attachment is used in
        .srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_NONE;
        .dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT;
        .srcAccessMask = 0;
        .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
                         VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
                         VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
                         VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
                         VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
        .dependencyFlags = 0;
    };

Similarly, if there is no subpass dependency from the last subpass that uses an attachment to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, then an implicit subpass dependency exists from the last subpass it is used in to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`. The implicit subpass dependency only exists if there exists an automatic layout transition into `finalLayout`. The subpass dependency operates as if defined with the following parameters:

    VkSubpassDependency implicitDependency = {
        .srcSubpass = lastSubpass; // Last subpass attachment is used in
        .dstSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
        .srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT;
        .dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_NONE;
        .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT |
                         VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
        .dstAccessMask = 0;
        .dependencyFlags = 0;
    };

As subpasses may overlap or execute out of order with regards to other subpasses unless a subpass dependency chain describes otherwise, the layout transitions required between subpasses cannot be known to an application. Instead, an application provides the layout that each attachment must be in at the start and end of a render pass, and the layout it must be in during each subpass it is used in. The implementation then must execute layout transitions between subpasses in order to guarantee that the images are in the layouts required by each subpass, and in the final layout at the end of the render pass.

Automatic layout transitions apply to the entire image subresource attached to the framebuffer. If multiview is not enabled and the attachment is a view of a 1D or 2D image, the automatic layout transitions apply to the number of layers specified by VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`layers`. If multiview is enabled and the attachment is a view of a 1D or 2D image, the automatic layout transitions apply to the layers corresponding to views which are used by some subpass in the render pass, even if that subpass does not reference the given attachment. If the attachment view is a 2D or 2D array view of a 3D image, even if the attachment view only refers to a subset of the slices of the selected mip level of the 3D image, automatic layout transitions apply to the entire subresource referenced which is the entire mip level in this case.

Automatic layout transitions away from the layout used in a subpass happen-after the availability operations for all dependencies with that subpass as the `srcSubpass`.

Automatic layout transitions into the layout used in a subpass happen-before the visibility operations for all dependencies with that subpass as the `dstSubpass`.

Automatic layout transitions away from `initialLayout` happen-after the availability operations for all dependencies with a `srcSubpass` equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, where `dstSubpass` uses the attachment that will be transitioned. For attachments created with `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT`, automatic layout transitions away from `initialLayout` happen-after the availability operations for all dependencies with a `srcSubpass` equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, where `dstSubpass` uses any aliased attachment.

Automatic layout transitions into `finalLayout` happen-before the visibility operations for all dependencies with a `dstSubpass` equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, where `srcSubpass` uses the attachment that will be transitioned. For attachments created with `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT`, automatic layout transitions into `finalLayout` happen-before the visibility operations for all dependencies with a `dstSubpass` equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, where `srcSubpass` uses any aliased attachment.

If two subpasses use the same attachment, and both subpasses use the attachment in a read-only layout, no subpass dependency needs to be specified between those subpasses. If an implementation treats those layouts separately, it must insert an implicit subpass dependency between those subpasses to separate the uses in each layout. The subpass dependency operates as if defined with the following parameters:

    // Used for input attachments
    VkPipelineStageFlags inputAttachmentStages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT;
    VkAccessFlags inputAttachmentDstAccess = VK_ACCESS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT;

    // Used for depth/stencil attachments
    VkPipelineStageFlags depthStencilAttachmentStages = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
    VkAccessFlags depthStencilAttachmentDstAccess = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT;

    VkSubpassDependency implicitDependency = {
        .srcSubpass = firstSubpass;
        .dstSubpass = secondSubpass;
        .srcStageMask = inputAttachmentStages | depthStencilAttachmentStages;
        .dstStageMask = inputAttachmentStages | depthStencilAttachmentStages;
        .srcAccessMask = 0;
        .dstAccessMask = inputAttachmentDstAccess | depthStencilAttachmentDstAccess;
        .dependencyFlags = 0;
    };

If a subpass uses the same attachment as both an input attachment and either a color attachment or a depth/stencil attachment, writes via the color or depth/stencil attachment are not automatically made visible to reads via the input attachment, causing a feedback loop, except in any of the following conditions:

- If the color components or depth/stencil components read by the input attachment are mutually exclusive with the components written by the color or depth/stencil attachments, then there is no feedback loop. This requires the graphics pipelines used by the subpass to disable writes to color components that are read as inputs via the `colorWriteMask`, and to disable writes to depth/stencil components that are read as inputs via `depthWriteEnable` or `stencilTestEnable`.

- If the attachment is used as an input attachment and depth/stencil attachment only, and the depth/stencil attachment is not written to.

Rendering within a subpass containing a feedback loop creates a data race, except in the following cases:

- If a memory dependency is inserted between when the attachment is written and when it is subsequently read by later fragments. Pipeline barriers expressing a subpass self-dependency are the only way to achieve this, and one must be inserted every time a fragment will read values at a particular sample (x, y, layer, sample) coordinate, if those values have been written since the most recent pipeline barrier; or since the start of the subpass, if there have been no pipeline barriers since the start of the subpass.

Attachments have requirements for a valid image layout depending on the usage

- An attachment used as an input attachment must be in the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout.

- An attachment used only as a color attachment must be in the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout.

- An attachment used as both an input attachment and a color attachment must be in the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout.

- An attachment used only as a depth/stencil attachment must be in the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout.

- An attachment used as an input attachment and depth/stencil attachment must be in the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout.

An attachment must not be used as both a depth/stencil attachment and a color attachment.

A more extensible version of render pass creation is also defined below.

To create a render pass, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    VkResult vkCreateRenderPass2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkRenderPassCreateInfo2*              pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkRenderPass*                               pRenderPass);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the render pass.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkRenderPassCreateInfo2 structure describing the parameters of the render pass.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pRenderPass` is a pointer to a VkRenderPass handle in which the resulting render pass object is returned.

This command is functionally identical to vkCreateRenderPass, but includes extensible sub-structures that include `sType` and `pNext` parameters, allowing them to be more easily extended.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateRenderPass2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateRenderPass2-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkRenderPassCreateInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkCreateRenderPass2-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateRenderPass2-pRenderPass-parameter
  `pRenderPass` must be a valid pointer to a VkRenderPass handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkRenderPassCreateInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkRenderPassCreateInfo2 {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        const void*                        pNext;
        VkRenderPassCreateFlags            flags;
        uint32_t                           attachmentCount;
        const VkAttachmentDescription2*    pAttachments;
        uint32_t                           subpassCount;
        const VkSubpassDescription2*       pSubpasses;
        uint32_t                           dependencyCount;
        const VkSubpassDependency2*        pDependencies;
        uint32_t                           correlatedViewMaskCount;
        const uint32_t*                    pCorrelatedViewMasks;
    } VkRenderPassCreateInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `attachmentCount` is the number of attachments used by this render pass.

- `pAttachments` is a pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` VkAttachmentDescription2 structures describing the attachments used by the render pass.

- `subpassCount` is the number of subpasses to create.

- `pSubpasses` is a pointer to an array of `subpassCount` VkSubpassDescription2 structures describing each subpass.

- `dependencyCount` is the number of dependencies between pairs of subpasses.

- `pDependencies` is a pointer to an array of `dependencyCount` VkSubpassDependency2 structures describing dependencies between pairs of subpasses.

- `correlatedViewMaskCount` is the number of correlation masks.

- `pCorrelatedViewMasks` is a pointer to an array of view masks indicating sets of views that may be more efficient to render concurrently.

Parameters defined by this structure with the same name as those in VkRenderPassCreateInfo have the identical effect to those parameters; the child structures are variants of those used in VkRenderPassCreateInfo which add `sType` and `pNext` parameters, allowing them to be extended.

If the VkSubpassDescription2::`viewMask` member of any element of `pSubpasses` is not zero, multiview functionality is considered to be enabled for this render pass.

`correlatedViewMaskCount` and `pCorrelatedViewMasks` have the same effect as VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo::`correlationMaskCount` and VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo::`pCorrelationMasks`, respectively.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-None-03049
  If any two subpasses operate on attachments with overlapping ranges of the same `VkDeviceMemory` object, and at least one subpass writes to that area of `VkDeviceMemory`, a subpass dependency must be included (either directly or via some intermediate subpasses) between them

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-attachment-03050
  If the `attachment` member of any element of `pInputAttachments`, `pColorAttachments`, `pResolveAttachments` or `pDepthStencilAttachment`, or the attachment indexed by any element of `pPreserveAttachments` in any given element of `pSubpasses` is bound to a range of a `VkDeviceMemory` object that overlaps with any other attachment in any subpass (including the same subpass), the `VkAttachmentDescription2` structures describing them must include `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT` in `flags`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-attachment-03051
  If the `attachment` member of any element of `pInputAttachments`, `pColorAttachments`, `pResolveAttachments` or `pDepthStencilAttachment`, or any element of `pPreserveAttachments` in any given element of `pSubpasses` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, then it must be less than `attachmentCount`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pSubpasses-06473
  If the `pSubpasses` pNext chain includes a VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve structure and the `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` member is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, then `attachment` must be less than `attachmentCount`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pAttachments-02522
  For any member of `pAttachments` with a `loadOp` equal to `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`, the first use of that attachment must not specify a `layout` equal to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pAttachments-02523
  For any member of `pAttachments` with a `stencilLoadOp` equal to `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`, the first use of that attachment must not specify a `layout` equal to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pDependencies-03054
  For any element of `pDependencies`, if the `srcSubpass` is not `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, all stage flags included in the `srcStageMask` member of that dependency must be a pipeline stage supported by the pipeline identified by the `pipelineBindPoint` member of the source subpass

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pDependencies-03055
  For any element of `pDependencies`, if the `dstSubpass` is not `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, all stage flags included in the `dstStageMask` member of that dependency must be a pipeline stage supported by the pipeline identified by the `pipelineBindPoint` member of the destination subpass

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pCorrelatedViewMasks-03056
  The set of bits included in any element of `pCorrelatedViewMasks` must not overlap with the set of bits included in any other element of `pCorrelatedViewMasks`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-viewMask-03057
  If the VkSubpassDescription2::`viewMask` member of all elements of `pSubpasses` is `0`, `correlatedViewMaskCount` must be `0`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-viewMask-03058
  The VkSubpassDescription2::`viewMask` member of all elements of `pSubpasses` must either all be `0`, or all not be `0`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-viewMask-03059
  If the VkSubpassDescription2::`viewMask` member of all elements of `pSubpasses` is `0`, the `dependencyFlags` member of any element of `pDependencies` must not include `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pDependencies-03060
  For any element of `pDependencies` where its `srcSubpass` member equals its `dstSubpass` member, if the `viewMask` member of the corresponding element of `pSubpasses` includes more than one bit, its `dependencyFlags` member must include `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-attachment-02525
  If the `attachment` member of any element of the `pInputAttachments` member of any element of `pSubpasses` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, the `aspectMask` member of that element of `pInputAttachments` must only include aspects that are present in images of the format specified by the element of `pAttachments` specified by `attachment`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-srcSubpass-02526
  The `srcSubpass` member of each element of `pDependencies` must be less than `subpassCount`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-dstSubpass-02527
  The `dstSubpass` member of each element of `pDependencies` must be less than `subpassCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pAttachments-parameter
  If `attachmentCount` is not `0`, `pAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid VkAttachmentDescription2 structures

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pSubpasses-parameter
  `pSubpasses` must be a valid pointer to an array of `subpassCount` valid VkSubpassDescription2 structures

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pDependencies-parameter
  If `dependencyCount` is not `0`, `pDependencies` must be a valid pointer to an array of `dependencyCount` valid VkSubpassDependency2 structures

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-pCorrelatedViewMasks-parameter
  If `correlatedViewMaskCount` is not `0`, `pCorrelatedViewMasks` must be a valid pointer to an array of `correlatedViewMaskCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkRenderPassCreateInfo2-subpassCount-arraylength
  `subpassCount` must be greater than `0`

The `VkAttachmentDescription2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkAttachmentDescription2 {
        VkStructureType                 sType;
        const void*                     pNext;
        VkAttachmentDescriptionFlags    flags;
        VkFormat                        format;
        VkSampleCountFlagBits           samples;
        VkAttachmentLoadOp              loadOp;
        VkAttachmentStoreOp             storeOp;
        VkAttachmentLoadOp              stencilLoadOp;
        VkAttachmentStoreOp             stencilStoreOp;
        VkImageLayout                   initialLayout;
        VkImageLayout                   finalLayout;
    } VkAttachmentDescription2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkAttachmentDescriptionFlagBits specifying additional properties of the attachment.

- `format` is a VkFormat value specifying the format of the image that will be used for the attachment.

- `samples` is a VkSampleCountFlagBits value specifying the number of samples of the image.

- `loadOp` is a VkAttachmentLoadOp value specifying how the contents of color and depth components of the attachment are treated at the beginning of the subpass where it is first used.

- `storeOp` is a VkAttachmentStoreOp value specifying how the contents of color and depth components of the attachment are treated at the end of the subpass where it is last used.

- `stencilLoadOp` is a VkAttachmentLoadOp value specifying how the contents of stencil components of the attachment are treated at the beginning of the subpass where it is first used.

- `stencilStoreOp` is a VkAttachmentStoreOp value specifying how the contents of stencil components of the attachment are treated at the end of the last subpass where it is used.

- `initialLayout` is the layout the attachment image subresource will be in when a render pass instance begins.

- `finalLayout` is the layout the attachment image subresource will be transitioned to when a render pass instance ends.

Parameters defined by this structure with the same name as those in VkAttachmentDescription have the identical effect to those parameters.

If the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is enabled, and `format` is a depth/stencil format, `initialLayout` and `finalLayout` can be set to a layout that only specifies the layout of the depth aspect.

If the `pNext` chain includes a VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout structure, then the `stencilInitialLayout` and `stencilFinalLayout` members specify the initial and final layouts of the stencil aspect of a depth/stencil format, and `initialLayout` and `finalLayout` only apply to the depth aspect. For depth-only formats, the VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout structure is ignored. For stencil-only formats, the initial and final layouts of the stencil aspect are taken from the VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout structure if present, or `initialLayout` and `finalLayout` if not present.

If `format` is a depth/stencil format, and either `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` does not specify a layout for the stencil aspect, then the application must specify the initial and final layouts of the stencil aspect by including a VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout structure in the `pNext` chain.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-finalLayout-03061
  `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03294
  If `format` is a color format, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03295
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03296
  If `format` is a color format, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03297
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-separateDepthStencilLayouts-03298
  If the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is not enabled, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-separateDepthStencilLayouts-03299
  If the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is not enabled, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03300
  If `format` is a color format, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03301
  If `format` is a color format, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03302
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes both depth and stencil aspects, and `initialLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, the `pNext` chain must include a VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout structure

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03303
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes both depth and stencil aspects, and `finalLayout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, the `pNext` chain must include a VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout structure

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03304
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes only the depth aspect, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03305
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes only the depth aspect, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03306
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes only the stencil aspect, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-03307
  If `format` is a depth/stencil format which includes only the stencil aspect, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-separateDepthStencilLayouts-06556
  If the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is enabled and `format` is a depth/stencil format that includes a depth aspect and the `pNext` chain includes a VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout structure, `initialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-separateDepthStencilLayouts-06557
  If the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is enabled and `format` is a depth/stencil format that includes a depth aspect and the `pNext` chain includes a VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout structure, `finalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_2`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkAttachmentDescriptionFlagBits values

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-samples-parameter
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-loadOp-parameter
  `loadOp` must be a valid VkAttachmentLoadOp value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-storeOp-parameter
  `storeOp` must be a valid VkAttachmentStoreOp value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-stencilLoadOp-parameter
  `stencilLoadOp` must be a valid VkAttachmentLoadOp value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-stencilStoreOp-parameter
  `stencilStoreOp` must be a valid VkAttachmentStoreOp value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-initialLayout-parameter
  `initialLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescription2-finalLayout-parameter
  `finalLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

The `VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkImageLayout      stencilInitialLayout;
        VkImageLayout      stencilFinalLayout;
    } VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `stencilInitialLayout` is the layout the stencil aspect of the attachment image subresource will be in when a render pass instance begins.

- `stencilFinalLayout` is the layout the stencil aspect of the attachment image subresource will be transitioned to when a render pass instance ends.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout-stencilInitialLayout-03308
  `stencilInitialLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout-stencilFinalLayout-03309
  `stencilFinalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout-stencilFinalLayout-03310
  `stencilFinalLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_STENCIL_LAYOUT`

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout-stencilInitialLayout-parameter
  `stencilInitialLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout-stencilFinalLayout-parameter
  `stencilFinalLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

The `VkSubpassDescription2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkSubpassDescription2 {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        const void*                      pNext;
        VkSubpassDescriptionFlags        flags;
        VkPipelineBindPoint              pipelineBindPoint;
        uint32_t                         viewMask;
        uint32_t                         inputAttachmentCount;
        const VkAttachmentReference2*    pInputAttachments;
        uint32_t                         colorAttachmentCount;
        const VkAttachmentReference2*    pColorAttachments;
        const VkAttachmentReference2*    pResolveAttachments;
        const VkAttachmentReference2*    pDepthStencilAttachment;
        uint32_t                         preserveAttachmentCount;
        const uint32_t*                  pPreserveAttachments;
    } VkSubpassDescription2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkSubpassDescriptionFlagBits specifying usage of the subpass.

- `pipelineBindPoint` is a VkPipelineBindPoint value specifying the pipeline type supported for this subpass.

- `viewMask` is a bitfield of view indices describing which views rendering is broadcast to in this subpass, when multiview is enabled.

- `inputAttachmentCount` is the number of input attachments.

- `pInputAttachments` is a pointer to an array of VkAttachmentReference2 structures defining the input attachments for this subpass and their layouts.

- `colorAttachmentCount` is the number of color attachments.

- `pColorAttachments` is a pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` VkAttachmentReference2 structures defining the color attachments for this subpass and their layouts.

- `pResolveAttachments` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` VkAttachmentReference2 structures defining the resolve attachments for this subpass and their layouts.

- `pDepthStencilAttachment` is a pointer to a VkAttachmentReference2 structure specifying the depth/stencil attachment for this subpass and its layout.

- `preserveAttachmentCount` is the number of preserved attachments.

- `pPreserveAttachments` is a pointer to an array of `preserveAttachmentCount` render pass attachment indices identifying attachments that are not used by this subpass, but whose contents must be preserved throughout the subpass.

Parameters defined by this structure with the same name as those in VkSubpassDescription have the identical effect to those parameters.

`viewMask` has the same effect for the described subpass as VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo::`pViewMasks` has on each corresponding subpass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pipelineBindPoint-03062
  `pipelineBindPoint` must be `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-colorAttachmentCount-03063
  `colorAttachmentCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxColorAttachments`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-loadOp-03064
  If the first use of an attachment in this render pass is as an input attachment, and the attachment is not also used as a color or depth/stencil attachment in the same subpass, then `loadOp` must not be `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pResolveAttachments-03065
  If `pResolveAttachments` is not `NULL`, for each resolve attachment that does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, the corresponding color attachment must not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pResolveAttachments-03066
  If `pResolveAttachments` is not `NULL`, for each resolve attachment that is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, the corresponding color attachment must not have a sample count of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pResolveAttachments-03067
  If `pResolveAttachments` is not `NULL`, each resolve attachment that is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have a sample count of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pResolveAttachments-03068
  Any given element of `pResolveAttachments` must have the same VkFormat as its corresponding color attachment

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pColorAttachments-03069
  All attachments in `pColorAttachments` that are not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have the same sample count

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pInputAttachments-02897
  All attachments in `pInputAttachments` that are not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have image formats whose potential format features contain at least `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pColorAttachments-02898
  All attachments in `pColorAttachments` that are not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have image formats whose potential format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pResolveAttachments-02899
  All attachments in `pResolveAttachments` that are not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` must have image formats whose potential format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pDepthStencilAttachment-02900
  If `pDepthStencilAttachment` is not `NULL` and the attachment is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` then it must have an image format whose potential format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pDepthStencilAttachment-03071
  If neither the ``VK_AMD_mixed_attachment_samples`` nor the ``VK_NV_framebuffer_mixed_samples`` extensions are enabled, and if `pDepthStencilAttachment` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` and any attachments in `pColorAttachments` are not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, they must have the same sample count

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-attachment-03073
  Each element of `pPreserveAttachments` must not be `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pPreserveAttachments-03074
  Any given element of `pPreserveAttachments` must not also be an element of any other member of the subpass description

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-layout-02528
  If any attachment is used by more than one VkAttachmentReference2 member, then each use must use the same `layout`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-None-04439
  Attachments must follow the image layout requirements based on the type of attachment it is being used as

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-attachment-02799
  If the `attachment` member of any element of `pInputAttachments` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, then the `aspectMask` member must be a valid combination of VkImageAspectFlagBits

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-attachment-02800
  If the `attachment` member of any element of `pInputAttachments` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, then the `aspectMask` member must not be `0`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-attachment-02801
  If the `attachment` member of any element of `pInputAttachments` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, then the `aspectMask` member must not include `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pDepthStencilAttachment-04440
  An attachment must not be used in both `pDepthStencilAttachment` and `pColorAttachments`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-multiview-06558
  If the `multiview` feature is not enabled, `viewMask` must be `0`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_2`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pipelineBindPoint-parameter
  `pipelineBindPoint` must be a valid VkPipelineBindPoint value

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pInputAttachments-parameter
  If `inputAttachmentCount` is not `0`, `pInputAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `inputAttachmentCount` valid VkAttachmentReference2 structures

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pColorAttachments-parameter
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0`, `pColorAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` valid VkAttachmentReference2 structures

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pResolveAttachments-parameter
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0`, and `pResolveAttachments` is not `NULL`, `pResolveAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` valid VkAttachmentReference2 structures

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pDepthStencilAttachment-parameter
  If `pDepthStencilAttachment` is not `NULL`, `pDepthStencilAttachment` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAttachmentReference2 structure

- VUID-VkSubpassDescription2-pPreserveAttachments-parameter
  If `preserveAttachmentCount` is not `0`, `pPreserveAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `preserveAttachmentCount` `uint32_t` values

If the `pNext` chain of `VkSubpassDescription2` includes a `VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve` structure, then that structure describes multisample resolve operations for the depth/stencil attachment in a subpass.

The `VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        const void*                      pNext;
        VkResolveModeFlagBits            depthResolveMode;
        VkResolveModeFlagBits            stencilResolveMode;
        const VkAttachmentReference2*    pDepthStencilResolveAttachment;
    } VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `depthResolveMode` is a VkResolveModeFlagBits value describing the depth resolve mode.

- `stencilResolveMode` is a VkResolveModeFlagBits value describing the stencil resolve mode.

- `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is `NULL` or a pointer to a VkAttachmentReference2 structure defining the depth/stencil resolve attachment for this subpass and its layout.

If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is `NULL`, or if its attachment index is `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, it indicates that no depth/stencil resolve attachment will be used in the subpass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-pDepthStencilResolveAttachment-03177
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, `pDepthStencilAttachment` must not be `NULL` or have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-pDepthStencilResolveAttachment-03178
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, `depthResolveMode` and `stencilResolveMode` must not both be `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-pDepthStencilResolveAttachment-03179
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, `pDepthStencilAttachment` must not have a sample count of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-pDepthStencilResolveAttachment-03180
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` must have a sample count of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-pDepthStencilResolveAttachment-02651
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` then it must have an image format whose potential format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-pDepthStencilResolveAttachment-03181
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` and VkFormat of `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` has a depth component, then the VkFormat of `pDepthStencilAttachment` must have a depth component with the same number of bits and numerical type

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-pDepthStencilResolveAttachment-03182
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, and VkFormat of `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` has a stencil component, then the VkFormat of `pDepthStencilAttachment` must have a stencil component with the same number of bits and numerical type

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-depthResolveMode-03183
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` and the VkFormat of `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` has a depth component, then the value of `depthResolveMode` must be one of the bits set in VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties::`supportedDepthResolveModes` or `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-stencilResolveMode-03184
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` and the VkFormat of `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` has a stencil component, then the value of `stencilResolveMode` must be one of the bits set in VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties::`supportedStencilResolveModes` or `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-pDepthStencilResolveAttachment-03185
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, the VkFormat of `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` has both depth and stencil components, VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties::`independentResolve` is `VK_FALSE`, and VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties::`independentResolveNone` is `VK_FALSE`, then the values of `depthResolveMode` and `stencilResolveMode` must be identical

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-pDepthStencilResolveAttachment-03186
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL` and does not have the value `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, the VkFormat of `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` has both depth and stencil components, VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties::`independentResolve` is `VK_FALSE` and VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties::`independentResolveNone` is `VK_TRUE`, then the values of `depthResolveMode` and `stencilResolveMode` must be identical or one of them must be `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE`

- VUID-VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve-pDepthStencilResolveAttachment-parameter
  If `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` is not `NULL`, `pDepthStencilResolveAttachment` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAttachmentReference2 structure

Possible values of VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve::`depthResolveMode` and `stencilResolveMode`, specifying the depth and stencil resolve modes, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef enum VkResolveModeFlagBits {
        VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE = 0,
        VK_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_ZERO_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_RESOLVE_MODE_AVERAGE_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_RESOLVE_MODE_MIN_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_RESOLVE_MODE_MAX_BIT = 0x00000008,
    } VkResolveModeFlagBits;

- `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE` indicates that no resolve operation is done.

- `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_ZERO_BIT` indicates that result of the resolve operation is equal to the value of sample 0.

- `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_AVERAGE_BIT` indicates that result of the resolve operation is the average of the sample values.

- `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_MIN_BIT` indicates that result of the resolve operation is the minimum of the sample values.

- `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_MAX_BIT` indicates that result of the resolve operation is the maximum of the sample values.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef VkFlags VkResolveModeFlags;

`VkResolveModeFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkResolveModeFlagBits.

The `VkAttachmentReference2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkAttachmentReference2 {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        const void*           pNext;
        uint32_t              attachment;
        VkImageLayout         layout;
        VkImageAspectFlags    aspectMask;
    } VkAttachmentReference2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `attachment` is either an integer value identifying an attachment at the corresponding index in VkRenderPassCreateInfo2::`pAttachments`, or `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` to signify that this attachment is not used.

- `layout` is a VkImageLayout value specifying the layout the attachment uses during the subpass.

- `aspectMask` is a mask of which aspect(s) can be accessed within the specified subpass as an input attachment.

Parameters defined by this structure with the same name as those in VkAttachmentReference have the identical effect to those parameters.

`aspectMask` is ignored when this structure is used to describe anything other than an input attachment reference.

If the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is enabled, and `attachment` has a depth/stencil format, `layout` can be set to a layout that only specifies the layout of the depth aspect.

If `layout` only specifies the layout of the depth aspect of the attachment, the layout of the stencil aspect is specified by the `stencilLayout` member of a VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout structure included in the `pNext` chain. Otherwise, `layout` describes the layout for all relevant image aspects.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference2-layout-03077
  If `attachment` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, `layout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR`

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference2-separateDepthStencilLayouts-03313
  If the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is not enabled, and `attachment` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, `layout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`,

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference2-attachment-04754
  If `attachment` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, and the format of the referenced attachment is a color format, `layout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference2-attachment-04755
  If `attachment` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, and the format of the referenced attachment is a depth/stencil format which includes both depth and stencil aspects, and `layout` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, the `pNext` chain must include a VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout structure

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference2-attachment-04756
  If `attachment` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, and the format of the referenced attachment is a depth/stencil format which includes only the depth aspect, `layout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference2-attachment-04757
  If `attachment` is not `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, and the format of the referenced attachment is a depth/stencil format which includes only the stencil aspect, `layout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_2`

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkAttachmentReference2-layout-parameter
  `layout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

The `VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkImageLayout      stencilLayout;
    } VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `stencilLayout` is a VkImageLayout value specifying the layout the stencil aspect of the attachment uses during the subpass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout-stencilLayout-03318
  `stencilLayout` must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_STENCIL_LAYOUT`

- VUID-VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout-stencilLayout-parameter
  `stencilLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

The `VkSubpassDependency2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkSubpassDependency2 {
        VkStructureType         sType;
        const void*             pNext;
        uint32_t                srcSubpass;
        uint32_t                dstSubpass;
        VkPipelineStageFlags    srcStageMask;
        VkPipelineStageFlags    dstStageMask;
        VkAccessFlags           srcAccessMask;
        VkAccessFlags           dstAccessMask;
        VkDependencyFlags       dependencyFlags;
        int32_t                 viewOffset;
    } VkSubpassDependency2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcSubpass` is the subpass index of the first subpass in the dependency, or `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`.

- `dstSubpass` is the subpass index of the second subpass in the dependency, or `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`.

- `srcStageMask` is a bitmask of VkPipelineStageFlagBits specifying the source stage mask.

- `dstStageMask` is a bitmask of VkPipelineStageFlagBits specifying the destination stage mask

- `srcAccessMask` is a bitmask of VkAccessFlagBits specifying a source access mask.

- `dstAccessMask` is a bitmask of VkAccessFlagBits specifying a destination access mask.

- `dependencyFlags` is a bitmask of VkDependencyFlagBits.

- `viewOffset` controls which views in the source subpass the views in the destination subpass depend on.

Parameters defined by this structure with the same name as those in VkSubpassDependency have the identical effect to those parameters.

`viewOffset` has the same effect for the described subpass dependency as VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo::`pViewOffsets` has on each corresponding subpass dependency.

If a VkMemoryBarrier2 is included in the `pNext` chain, `srcStageMask`, `dstStageMask`, `srcAccessMask`, and `dstAccessMask` parameters are ignored. The synchronization and access scopes instead are defined by the parameters of VkMemoryBarrier2.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-srcStageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-srcStageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-srcStageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `srcStageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-dstStageMask-04090
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-dstStageMask-04091
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-dstStageMask-03937
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `dstStageMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-srcSubpass-03084
  `srcSubpass` must be less than or equal to `dstSubpass`, unless one of them is `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`, to avoid cyclic dependencies and ensure a valid execution order

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-srcSubpass-03085
  `srcSubpass` and `dstSubpass` must not both be equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-srcSubpass-03087
  If `srcSubpass` is equal to `dstSubpass` and not all of the stages in `srcStageMask` and `dstStageMask` are framebuffer-space stages, the logically latest pipeline stage in `srcStageMask` must be logically earlier than or equal to the logically earliest pipeline stage in `dstStageMask`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-srcAccessMask-03088
  Any access flag included in `srcAccessMask` must be supported by one of the pipeline stages in `srcStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-dstAccessMask-03089
  Any access flag included in `dstAccessMask` must be supported by one of the pipeline stages in `dstStageMask`, as specified in the table of supported access types

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-dependencyFlags-03090
  If `dependencyFlags` includes `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`, `srcSubpass` must not be equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-dependencyFlags-03091
  If `dependencyFlags` includes `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`, `dstSubpass` must not be equal to `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-srcSubpass-02245
  If `srcSubpass` equals `dstSubpass`, and `srcStageMask` and `dstStageMask` both include a framebuffer-space stage, then `dependencyFlags` must include `VK_DEPENDENCY_BY_REGION_BIT`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-viewOffset-02530
  If `viewOffset` is not equal to `0`, `srcSubpass` must not be equal to `dstSubpass`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-dependencyFlags-03092
  If `dependencyFlags` does not include `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`, `viewOffset` must be `0`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DEPENDENCY_2`

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkMemoryBarrier2

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-srcStageMask-parameter
  `srcStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-dstStageMask-parameter
  `dstStageMask` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-srcAccessMask-parameter
  `srcAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-dstAccessMask-parameter
  `dstAccessMask` must be a valid combination of VkAccessFlagBits values

- VUID-VkSubpassDependency2-dependencyFlags-parameter
  `dependencyFlags` must be a valid combination of VkDependencyFlagBits values

To destroy a render pass, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyRenderPass(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkRenderPass                                renderPass,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the render pass.

- `renderPass` is the handle of the render pass to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyRenderPass-renderPass-00873
  All submitted commands that refer to `renderPass` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyRenderPass-renderPass-00874
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `renderPass` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyRenderPass-renderPass-00875
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `renderPass` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyRenderPass-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyRenderPass-renderPass-parameter
  If `renderPass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `renderPass` must be a valid VkRenderPass handle

- VUID-vkDestroyRenderPass-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyRenderPass-renderPass-parent
  If `renderPass` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `renderPass` must be externally synchronized

### 8.2. Render Pass Compatibility

Framebuffers and graphics pipelines are created based on a specific render pass object. They must only be used with that render pass object, or one compatible with it.

Two attachment references are compatible if they have matching format and sample count, or are both `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` or the pointer that would contain the reference is `NULL`.

Two arrays of attachment references are compatible if all corresponding pairs of attachments are compatible. If the arrays are of different lengths, attachment references not present in the smaller array are treated as `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`.

Two render passes are compatible if their corresponding color, input, resolve, and depth/stencil attachment references are compatible and if they are otherwise identical except for:

- Initial and final image layout in attachment descriptions

- Load and store operations in attachment descriptions

- Image layout in attachment references

As an additional special case, if two render passes have a single subpass, the resolve attachment reference compatibility requirements are ignored.

A framebuffer is compatible with a render pass if it was created using the same render pass or a compatible render pass.

### 8.3. Framebuffers

Render passes operate in conjunction with framebuffers. Framebuffers represent a collection of specific memory attachments that a render pass instance uses.

Framebuffers are represented by `VkFramebuffer` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkFramebuffer)

To create a framebuffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateFramebuffer(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkFramebufferCreateInfo*              pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkFramebuffer*                              pFramebuffer);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the framebuffer.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkFramebufferCreateInfo structure describing additional information about framebuffer creation.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pFramebuffer` is a pointer to a VkFramebuffer handle in which the resulting framebuffer object is returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateFramebuffer-pCreateInfo-02777
  If `pCreateInfo->flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, and `attachmentCount` is not `0`, each element of `pCreateInfo->pAttachments` must have been created on `device`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateFramebuffer-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateFramebuffer-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkFramebufferCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateFramebuffer-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateFramebuffer-pFramebuffer-parameter
  `pFramebuffer` must be a valid pointer to a VkFramebuffer handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkFramebufferCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkFramebufferCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkFramebufferCreateFlags    flags;
        VkRenderPass                renderPass;
        uint32_t                    attachmentCount;
        const VkImageView*          pAttachments;
        uint32_t                    width;
        uint32_t                    height;
        uint32_t                    layers;
    } VkFramebufferCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkFramebufferCreateFlagBits

- `renderPass` is a render pass defining what render passes the framebuffer will be compatible with. See Render Pass Compatibility for details.

- `attachmentCount` is the number of attachments.

- `pAttachments` is a pointer to an array of VkImageView handles, each of which will be used as the corresponding attachment in a render pass instance. If `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, this parameter is ignored.

- `width`, `height` and `layers` define the dimensions of the framebuffer. If the render pass uses multiview, then `layers` must be one and each attachment requires a number of layers that is greater than the maximum bit index set in the view mask in the subpasses in which it is used.

Applications must ensure that all non-attachment writes to memory backing image subresources that are used as attachments in a render pass instance happen-before or happen-after the render pass instance. If an image subresource is written during a render pass instance by anything other than load operations, store operations, and layout transitions, applications must ensure that all non-attachment reads from memory backing that image subresource happen-before or happen-after the render pass instance. For depth/stencil images, the aspects are not treated independently for the above guarantees - writes to either aspect must be synchronized with accesses to the other aspect.

| Note An image subresource can be used as read-only as both an attachment and a non-attachment during a render pass instance, but care must still be taken to avoid data races with load/store operations and layout transitions. The simplest way to achieve this is to keep the non-attachment and attachment accesses within the same subpass, or to avoid layout transitions and load/store operations that perform writes.

It is legal for a subpass to use no color or depth/stencil attachments, either because it has no attachment references or because all of them are `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`. This kind of subpass can use shader side effects such as image stores and atomics to produce an output. In this case, the subpass continues to use the `width`, `height`, and `layers` of the framebuffer to define the dimensions of the rendering area, and the `rasterizationSamples` from each pipeline’s VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo to define the number of samples used in rasterization; however, if VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::`variableMultisampleRate` is `VK_FALSE`, then all pipelines to be bound with the subpass must have the same value for VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`rasterizationSamples`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-attachmentCount-00876
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `attachmentCount` must be equal to the attachment count specified in `renderPass`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-02778
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, and `attachmentCount` is not `0`, `pAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid VkImageView handles

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pAttachments-00877
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` that is used as a color attachment or resolve attachment by `renderPass` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pAttachments-02633
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` that is used as a depth/stencil attachment by `renderPass` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pAttachments-02634
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` that is used as a depth/stencil resolve attachment by `renderPass` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pAttachments-00879
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` that is used as an input attachment by `renderPass` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pAttachments-00880
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` must have been created with a VkFormat value that matches the VkFormat specified by the corresponding `VkAttachmentDescription` in `renderPass`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pAttachments-00881
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` must have been created with a `samples` value that matches the `samples` value specified by the corresponding `VkAttachmentDescription` in `renderPass`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-04533
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` that is used as an input, color, resolve, or depth/stencil attachment by `renderPass` must have been created with a VkImageCreateInfo::`width` greater than or equal to `width`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-04534
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` that is used as an input, color, resolve, or depth/stencil attachment by `renderPass` must have been created with a VkImageCreateInfo::`height` greater than or equal to `height`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-04535
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` that is used as an input, color, resolve, or depth/stencil attachment by `renderPass` must have been created with a VkImageViewCreateInfo::`subresourceRange.layerCount` greater than or equal to `layers`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-renderPass-04536
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `renderPass` was specified with non-zero view masks, each element of `pAttachments` that is used as an input, color, resolve, or depth/stencil attachment by `renderPass` must have a `layerCount` greater than the index of the most significant bit set in any of those view masks

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pAttachments-00883
  If `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` must only specify a single mip level

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pAttachments-00884
  If `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` must have been created with the identity swizzle

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-width-00885
  `width` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-width-00886
  `width` must be less than or equal to `maxFramebufferWidth`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-height-00887
  `height` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-height-00888
  `height` must be less than or equal to `maxFramebufferHeight`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-layers-00889
  `layers` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-layers-00890
  `layers` must be less than or equal to `maxFramebufferLayers`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-renderPass-02531
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `renderPass` was specified with non-zero view masks, `layers` must be `1`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pAttachments-00891
  If `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` that is a 2D or 2D array image view taken from a 3D image must not be a depth/stencil format

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-03189
  If the imageless framebuffer feature is not enabled, `flags` must not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-03190
  If `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, the `pNext` chain must include a VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-03191
  If `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, the `attachmentImageInfoCount` member of a VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo structure in the `pNext` chain must be equal to either zero or `attachmentCount`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-04541
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, the `width` member of any element of the `pAttachmentImageInfos` member of a VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo structure in the `pNext` chain that is used as an input, color, resolve or depth/stencil attachment in `renderPass` must be greater than or equal to `width`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-04542
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, the `height` member of any element of the `pAttachmentImageInfos` member of a VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo structure in the `pNext` chain that is used as an input, color, resolve or depth/stencil attachment in `renderPass` must be greater than or equal to `height`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-renderPass-03198
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, multiview is enabled for `renderPass`, and `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, the `layerCount` member of any element of the `pAttachmentImageInfos` member of a VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain used as an input, color, resolve, or depth/stencil attachment in `renderPass` must be greater than the maximum bit index set in the view mask in the subpasses in which it is used in `renderPass`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-renderPass-04546
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, multiview is not enabled for `renderPass`, and `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, the `layerCount` member of any element of the `pAttachmentImageInfos` member of a VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain used as an input, color, resolve, or depth/stencil attachment in `renderPass` must be greater than or equal to `layers`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-03201
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, the `usage` member of any element of the `pAttachmentImageInfos` member of a VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain that refers to an attachment used as a color attachment or resolve attachment by `renderPass` must include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-03202
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, the `usage` member of any element of the `pAttachmentImageInfos` member of a VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain that refers to an attachment used as a depth/stencil attachment by `renderPass` must include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-03204
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, the `usage` member of any element of the `pAttachmentImageInfos` member of a VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain that refers to an attachment used as an input attachment by `renderPass` must include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-03205
  If `renderpass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and `flags` includes `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, at least one element of the `pViewFormats` member of any element of the `pAttachmentImageInfos` member of a VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be equal to the corresponding value of VkAttachmentDescription::`format` used to create `renderPass`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-04113
  If `flags` does not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of `pAttachments` must have been created with VkImageViewCreateInfo::`viewType` not equal to `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkFramebufferCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-renderPass-parameter
  `renderPass` must be a valid VkRenderPass handle

- VUID-VkFramebufferCreateInfo-commonparent
  Both of `renderPass`, and the elements of `pAttachments` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                            sType;
        const void*                                pNext;
        uint32_t                                   attachmentImageInfoCount;
        const VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo*    pAttachmentImageInfos;
    } VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `attachmentImageInfoCount` is the number of attachments being described.

- `pAttachmentImageInfos` is a pointer to an array of VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo structures, each structure describing a number of parameters of the corresponding attachment in a render pass instance.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENTS_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo-pAttachmentImageInfos-parameter
  If `attachmentImageInfoCount` is not `0`, `pAttachmentImageInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentImageInfoCount` valid VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo structures

The `VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        const void*           pNext;
        VkImageCreateFlags    flags;
        VkImageUsageFlags     usage;
        uint32_t              width;
        uint32_t              height;
        uint32_t              layerCount;
        uint32_t              viewFormatCount;
        const VkFormat*       pViewFormats;
    } VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkImageCreateFlagBits, matching the value of VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` used to create an image that will be used with this framebuffer.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkImageUsageFlagBits, matching the value of VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` used to create an image used with this framebuffer.

- `width` is the width of the image view used for rendering.

- `height` is the height of the image view used for rendering.

- `layerCount` is the number of array layers of the image view used for rendering.

- `viewFormatCount` is the number of entries in the `pViewFormats` array, matching the value of VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`viewFormatCount` used to create an image used with this framebuffer.

- `pViewFormats` is a pointer to an array of VkFormat values specifying all of the formats which can be used when creating views of the image, matching the value of VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`pViewFormats` used to create an image used with this framebuffer.

Images that can be used with the framebuffer when beginning a render pass, as specified by VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo, must be created with parameters that are identical to those specified here.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_IMAGE_INFO`

- VUID-VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkImageCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo-pViewFormats-parameter
  If `viewFormatCount` is not `0`, `pViewFormats` must be a valid pointer to an array of `viewFormatCount` valid VkFormat values

Bits which can be set in VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying options for framebuffers, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkFramebufferCreateFlagBits {
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkFramebufferCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT` specifies that image views are not specified, and only attachment compatibility information will be provided via a VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo structure.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkFramebufferCreateFlags;

`VkFramebufferCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkFramebufferCreateFlagBits.

To destroy a framebuffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyFramebuffer(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkFramebuffer                               framebuffer,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the framebuffer.

- `framebuffer` is the handle of the framebuffer to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyFramebuffer-framebuffer-00892
  All submitted commands that refer to `framebuffer` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyFramebuffer-framebuffer-00893
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `framebuffer` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyFramebuffer-framebuffer-00894
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `framebuffer` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyFramebuffer-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyFramebuffer-framebuffer-parameter
  If `framebuffer` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `framebuffer` must be a valid VkFramebuffer handle

- VUID-vkDestroyFramebuffer-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyFramebuffer-framebuffer-parent
  If `framebuffer` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `framebuffer` must be externally synchronized

### 8.4. Render Pass Commands

An application records the commands for a render pass instance one subpass at a time, by beginning a render pass instance, iterating over the subpasses to record commands for that subpass, and then ending the render pass instance.

To begin a render pass instance, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdBeginRenderPass(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkRenderPassBeginInfo*                pRenderPassBegin,
        VkSubpassContents                           contents);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer in which to record the command.

- `pRenderPassBegin` is a pointer to a VkRenderPassBeginInfo structure specifying the render pass to begin an instance of, and the framebuffer the instance uses.

- `contents` is a VkSubpassContents value specifying how the commands in the first subpass will be provided.

After beginning a render pass instance, the command buffer is ready to record the commands for the first subpass of that render pass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-initialLayout-00895
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-initialLayout-01758
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-initialLayout-02842
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-stencilInitialLayout-02843
  If any of the `stencilInitialLayout` or `stencilFinalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout` structures or the `stencilLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-initialLayout-00897
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-initialLayout-00898
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-initialLayout-00899
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-initialLayout-00900
  If the `initialLayout` member of any of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is not `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, then each such `initialLayout` must be equal to the current layout of the corresponding attachment image subresource of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-srcStageMask-06451
  The `srcStageMask` members of any element of the `pDependencies` member of VkRenderPassCreateInfo used to create `renderPass` must be supported by the capabilities of the queue family identified by the `queueFamilyIndex` member of the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo used to create the command pool which `commandBuffer` was allocated from

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-dstStageMask-06452
  The `dstStageMask` members of any element of the `pDependencies` member of VkRenderPassCreateInfo used to create `renderPass` must be supported by the capabilities of the queue family identified by the `queueFamilyIndex` member of the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo used to create the command pool which `commandBuffer` was allocated from

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-framebuffer-02532
  For any attachment in `framebuffer` that is used by `renderPass` and is bound to memory locations that are also bound to another attachment used by `renderPass`, and if at least one of those uses causes either attachment to be written to, both attachments must have had the `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT` set

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-pRenderPassBegin-parameter
  `pRenderPassBegin` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkRenderPassBeginInfo structure

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-contents-parameter
  `contents` must be a valid VkSubpassContents value

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass-bufferlevel
  `commandBuffer` must be a primary `VkCommandBuffer`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary | Outside | Graphics

Alternatively to begin a render pass, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    void vkCmdBeginRenderPass2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkRenderPassBeginInfo*                pRenderPassBegin,
        const VkSubpassBeginInfo*                   pSubpassBeginInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer in which to record the command.

- `pRenderPassBegin` is a pointer to a VkRenderPassBeginInfo structure specifying the render pass to begin an instance of, and the framebuffer the instance uses.

- `pSubpassBeginInfo` is a pointer to a VkSubpassBeginInfo structure containing information about the subpass which is about to begin rendering.

After beginning a render pass instance, the command buffer is ready to record the commands for the first subpass of that render pass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-framebuffer-02779
  Both the `framebuffer` and `renderPass` members of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created on the same VkDevice that `commandBuffer` was allocated on

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-initialLayout-03094
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-initialLayout-03096
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-initialLayout-02844
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-stencilInitialLayout-02845
  If any of the `stencilInitialLayout` or `stencilFinalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout` structures or the `stencilLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-initialLayout-03097
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-initialLayout-03098
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-initialLayout-03099
  If any of the `initialLayout` or `finalLayout` member of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures or the `layout` member of the `VkAttachmentReference` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` then the corresponding attachment image view of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin` must have been created with a `usage` value including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-initialLayout-03100
  If the `initialLayout` member of any of the `VkAttachmentDescription` structures specified when creating the render pass specified in the `renderPass` member of `pRenderPassBegin` is not `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, then each such `initialLayout` must be equal to the current layout of the corresponding attachment image subresource of the framebuffer specified in the `framebuffer` member of `pRenderPassBegin`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-srcStageMask-06453
  The `srcStageMask` members of any element of the `pDependencies` member of VkRenderPassCreateInfo used to create `renderPass` must be supported by the capabilities of the queue family identified by the `queueFamilyIndex` member of the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo used to create the command pool which `commandBuffer` was allocated from

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-dstStageMask-06454
  The `dstStageMask` members of any element of the `pDependencies` member of VkRenderPassCreateInfo used to create `renderPass` must be supported by the capabilities of the queue family identified by the `queueFamilyIndex` member of the VkCommandPoolCreateInfo used to create the command pool which `commandBuffer` was allocated from

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-framebuffer-02533
  For any attachment in `framebuffer` that is used by `renderPass` and is bound to memory locations that are also bound to another attachment used by `renderPass`, and if at least one of those uses causes either attachment to be written to, both attachments must have had the `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT` set

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-pRenderPassBegin-parameter
  `pRenderPassBegin` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkRenderPassBeginInfo structure

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-pSubpassBeginInfo-parameter
  `pSubpassBeginInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkSubpassBeginInfo structure

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdBeginRenderPass2-bufferlevel
  `commandBuffer` must be a primary `VkCommandBuffer`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary | Outside | Graphics

The `VkRenderPassBeginInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkRenderPassBeginInfo {
        VkStructureType        sType;
        const void*            pNext;
        VkRenderPass           renderPass;
        VkFramebuffer          framebuffer;
        VkRect2D               renderArea;
        uint32_t               clearValueCount;
        const VkClearValue*    pClearValues;
    } VkRenderPassBeginInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `renderPass` is the render pass to begin an instance of.

- `framebuffer` is the framebuffer containing the attachments that are used with the render pass.

- `renderArea` is the render area that is affected by the render pass instance, and is described in more detail below.

- `clearValueCount` is the number of elements in `pClearValues`.

- `pClearValues` is a pointer to an array of `clearValueCount` VkClearValue structures containing clear values for each attachment, if the attachment uses a `loadOp` value of `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR` or if the attachment has a depth/stencil format and uses a `stencilLoadOp` value of `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`. The array is indexed by attachment number. Only elements corresponding to cleared attachments are used. Other elements of `pClearValues` are ignored.

`renderArea` is the render area that is affected by the render pass instance. The effects of attachment load, store and multisample resolve operations are restricted to the pixels whose x and y coordinates fall within the render area on all attachments. The render area extends to all layers of `framebuffer`. The application must ensure (using scissor if necessary) that all rendering is contained within the render area. The render area must be contained within the framebuffer dimensions.

When multiview is enabled, the resolve operation at the end of a subpass applies to all views in the view mask.

| Note There may be a performance cost for using a render area smaller than the framebuffer, unless it matches the render area granularity for the render pass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-clearValueCount-00902
  `clearValueCount` must be greater than the largest attachment index in `renderPass` specifying a `loadOp` (or `stencilLoadOp`, if the attachment has a depth/stencil format) of `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-clearValueCount-04962
  If `clearValueCount` is not `0`, `pClearValues` must be a valid pointer to an array of `clearValueCount` VkClearValue unions

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-renderPass-00904
  `renderPass` must be compatible with the `renderPass` member of the VkFramebufferCreateInfo structure specified when creating `framebuffer`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-pNext-02850
  If the `pNext` chain does not contain VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo or its `deviceRenderAreaCount` member is equal to 0, `renderArea.offset.x` must be greater than or equal to 0

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-pNext-02851
  If the `pNext` chain does not contain VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo or its `deviceRenderAreaCount` member is equal to 0, `renderArea.offset.y` must be greater than or equal to 0

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-pNext-02852
  If the `pNext` chain does not contain VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo or its `deviceRenderAreaCount` member is equal to 0, `renderArea.offset.x` + `renderArea.extent.width` must be less than or equal to VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`width` the `framebuffer` was created with

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-pNext-02853
  If the `pNext` chain does not contain VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo or its `deviceRenderAreaCount` member is equal to 0, `renderArea.offset.y` + `renderArea.extent.height` must be less than or equal to VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`height` the `framebuffer` was created with

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-pNext-02856
  If the `pNext` chain contains VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo, `offset.x` + `extent.width` of each element of `pDeviceRenderAreas` must be less than or equal to VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`width` the `framebuffer` was created with

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-pNext-02857
  If the `pNext` chain contains VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo, `offset.y` + `extent.height` of each element of `pDeviceRenderAreas` must be less than or equal to VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`height` the `framebuffer` was created with

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-03207
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that did not include `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, and the `pNext` chain includes a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure, its `attachmentCount` must be zero

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-03208
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, the `attachmentCount` of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be equal to the value of VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo::`attachmentImageInfoCount` used to create `framebuffer`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-02780
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of the `pAttachments` member of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must have been created on the same VkDevice as `framebuffer` and `renderPass`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-03209
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of the `pAttachments` member of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be a VkImageView of an image created with a value of VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` equal to the `flags` member of the corresponding element of VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo::`pAttachmentImageInfos` used to create `framebuffer`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-04627
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of the `pAttachments` member of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be a VkImageView with an inherited usage equal to the `usage` member of the corresponding element of VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo::`pAttachmentImageInfos` used to create `framebuffer`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-03211
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of the `pAttachments` member of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be a VkImageView with a width equal to the `width` member of the corresponding element of VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo::`pAttachmentImageInfos` used to create `framebuffer`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-03212
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of the `pAttachments` member of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be a VkImageView with a height equal to the `height` member of the corresponding element of VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo::`pAttachmentImageInfos` used to create `framebuffer`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-03213
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of the `pAttachments` member of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be a VkImageView of an image created with a value of VkImageViewCreateInfo::`subresourceRange.layerCount` equal to the `layerCount` member of the corresponding element of VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo::`pAttachmentImageInfos` used to create `framebuffer`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-03214
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of the `pAttachments` member of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be a VkImageView of an image created with a value of VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`viewFormatCount` equal to the `viewFormatCount` member of the corresponding element of VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo::`pAttachmentImageInfos` used to create `framebuffer`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-03215
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of the `pAttachments` member of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be a VkImageView of an image created with a set of elements in VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`pViewFormats` equal to the set of elements in the `pViewFormats` member of the corresponding element of VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo::`pAttachmentImageInfos` used to create `framebuffer`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-03216
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of the `pAttachments` member of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be a VkImageView of an image created with a value of VkImageViewCreateInfo::`format` equal to the corresponding value of VkAttachmentDescription::`format` in `renderPass`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-03217
  If `framebuffer` was created with a VkFramebufferCreateInfo::`flags` value that included `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`, each element of the `pAttachments` member of a VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain must be a VkImageView of an image created with a value of VkImageCreateInfo::`samples` equal to the corresponding value of VkAttachmentDescription::`samples` in `renderPass`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO`

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo or VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-renderPass-parameter
  `renderPass` must be a valid VkRenderPass handle

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-framebuffer-parameter
  `framebuffer` must be a valid VkFramebuffer handle

- VUID-VkRenderPassBeginInfo-commonparent
  Both of `framebuffer`, and `renderPass` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkSubpassBeginInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkSubpassBeginInfo {
        VkStructureType      sType;
        const void*          pNext;
        VkSubpassContents    contents;
    } VkSubpassBeginInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `contents` is a VkSubpassContents value specifying how the commands in the next subpass will be provided.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubpassBeginInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_BEGIN_INFO`

- VUID-VkSubpassBeginInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkSubpassBeginInfo-contents-parameter
  `contents` must be a valid VkSubpassContents value

Possible values of vkCmdBeginRenderPass::`contents`, specifying how the commands in the first subpass will be provided, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSubpassContents {
        VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE = 0,
        VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS = 1,
    } VkSubpassContents;

- `VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE` specifies that the contents of the subpass will be recorded inline in the primary command buffer, and secondary command buffers must not be executed within the subpass.

- `VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS` specifies that the contents are recorded in secondary command buffers that will be called from the primary command buffer, and vkCmdExecuteCommands is the only valid command on the command buffer until vkCmdNextSubpass or vkCmdEndRenderPass.

If the `pNext` chain of VkRenderPassBeginInfo or VkRenderingInfo includes a `VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo` structure, then that structure includes a device mask and set of render areas for the render pass instance.

The `VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           deviceMask;
        uint32_t           deviceRenderAreaCount;
        const VkRect2D*    pDeviceRenderAreas;
    } VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `deviceMask` is the device mask for the render pass instance.

- `deviceRenderAreaCount` is the number of elements in the `pDeviceRenderAreas` array.

- `pDeviceRenderAreas` is a pointer to an array of VkRect2D structures defining the render area for each physical device.

The `deviceMask` serves several purposes. It is an upper bound on the set of physical devices that can be used during the render pass instance, and the initial device mask when the render pass instance begins. In addition, commands transitioning to the next subpass in a render pass instance and commands ending the render pass instance, and, accordingly render pass attachment load, store, and resolve operations and subpass dependencies corresponding to the render pass instance, are executed on the physical devices included in the device mask provided here.

If `deviceRenderAreaCount` is not zero, then the elements of `pDeviceRenderAreas` override the value of VkRenderPassBeginInfo::`renderArea`, and provide a render area specific to each physical device. These render areas serve the same purpose as VkRenderPassBeginInfo::`renderArea`, including controlling the region of attachments that are cleared by `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR` and that are resolved into resolve attachments.

If this structure is not present, the render pass instance’s device mask is the value of VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo::`deviceMask`. If this structure is not present or if `deviceRenderAreaCount` is zero, VkRenderPassBeginInfo::`renderArea` is used for all physical devices.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo-deviceMask-00905
  `deviceMask` must be a valid device mask value

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo-deviceMask-00906
  `deviceMask` must not be zero

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo-deviceMask-00907
  `deviceMask` must be a subset of the command buffer’s initial device mask

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo-deviceRenderAreaCount-00908
  `deviceRenderAreaCount` must either be zero or equal to the number of physical devices in the logical device

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo-offset-06166
  The `offset.x` member of any element of `pDeviceRenderAreas` must be greater than or equal to 0

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo-offset-06167
  The `offset.y` member of any element of `pDeviceRenderAreas` must be greater than or equal to 0

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo-offset-06168
  The sum of the `offset.x` and `extent.width` members of any element of `pDeviceRenderAreas` must be less than or equal to `maxFramebufferWidth`

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo-offset-06169
  The sum of the `offset.y` and `extent.height` members of any element of `pDeviceRenderAreas` must be less than or equal to `maxFramebufferHeight`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO`

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo-pDeviceRenderAreas-parameter
  If `deviceRenderAreaCount` is not `0`, `pDeviceRenderAreas` must be a valid pointer to an array of `deviceRenderAreaCount` VkRect2D structures

The `VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        const void*           pNext;
        uint32_t              attachmentCount;
        const VkImageView*    pAttachments;
    } VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `attachmentCount` is the number of attachments.

- `pAttachments` is a pointer to an array of `VkImageView` handles, each of which will be used as the corresponding attachment in the render pass instance.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo-pAttachments-03218
  Each element of `pAttachments` must only specify a single mip level

- VUID-VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo-pAttachments-03219
  Each element of `pAttachments` must have been created with the identity swizzle

- VUID-VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo-pAttachments-04114
  Each element of `pAttachments` must have been created with VkImageViewCreateInfo::`viewType` not equal to `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_ATTACHMENT_BEGIN_INFO`

- VUID-VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo-pAttachments-parameter
  If `attachmentCount` is not `0`, `pAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid VkImageView handles

To query the render area granularity, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetRenderAreaGranularity(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkRenderPass                                renderPass,
        VkExtent2D*                                 pGranularity);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the render pass.

- `renderPass` is a handle to a render pass.

- `pGranularity` is a pointer to a VkExtent2D structure in which the granularity is returned.

The conditions leading to an optimal `renderArea` are:

- the `offset.x` member in `renderArea` is a multiple of the `width` member of the returned VkExtent2D (the horizontal granularity).

- the `offset.y` member in `renderArea` is a multiple of the `height` member of the returned VkExtent2D (the vertical granularity).

- either the `extent.width` member in `renderArea` is a multiple of the horizontal granularity or `offset.x`+`extent.width` is equal to the `width` of the `framebuffer` in the VkRenderPassBeginInfo.

- either the `extent.height` member in `renderArea` is a multiple of the vertical granularity or `offset.y`+`extent.height` is equal to the `height` of the `framebuffer` in the VkRenderPassBeginInfo.

Subpass dependencies are not affected by the render area, and apply to the entire image subresources attached to the framebuffer as specified in the description of automatic layout transitions. Similarly, pipeline barriers are valid even if their effect extends outside the render area.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetRenderAreaGranularity-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetRenderAreaGranularity-renderPass-parameter
  `renderPass` must be a valid VkRenderPass handle

- VUID-vkGetRenderAreaGranularity-pGranularity-parameter
  `pGranularity` must be a valid pointer to a VkExtent2D structure

- VUID-vkGetRenderAreaGranularity-renderPass-parent
  `renderPass` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

To transition to the next subpass in the render pass instance after recording the commands for a subpass, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdNextSubpass(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkSubpassContents                           contents);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer in which to record the command.

- `contents` specifies how the commands in the next subpass will be provided, in the same fashion as the corresponding parameter of vkCmdBeginRenderPass.

The subpass index for a render pass begins at zero when `vkCmdBeginRenderPass` is recorded, and increments each time `vkCmdNextSubpass` is recorded.

Moving to the next subpass automatically performs any multisample resolve operations in the subpass being ended. End-of-subpass multisample resolves are treated as color attachment writes for the purposes of synchronization. This applies to resolve operations for both color and depth/stencil attachments. That is, they are considered to execute in the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` pipeline stage and their writes are synchronized with `VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT`. Synchronization between rendering within a subpass and any resolve operations at the end of the subpass occurs automatically, without need for explicit dependencies or pipeline barriers. However, if the resolve attachment is also used in a different subpass, an explicit dependency is needed.

After transitioning to the next subpass, the application can record the commands for that subpass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass-None-00909
  The current subpass index must be less than the number of subpasses in the render pass minus one

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass-contents-parameter
  `contents` must be a valid VkSubpassContents value

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass-bufferlevel
  `commandBuffer` must be a primary `VkCommandBuffer`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary | Inside | Graphics

To transition to the next subpass in the render pass instance after recording the commands for a subpass, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    void vkCmdNextSubpass2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkSubpassBeginInfo*                   pSubpassBeginInfo,
        const VkSubpassEndInfo*                     pSubpassEndInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer in which to record the command.

- `pSubpassBeginInfo` is a pointer to a VkSubpassBeginInfo structure containing information about the subpass which is about to begin rendering.

- `pSubpassEndInfo` is a pointer to a VkSubpassEndInfo structure containing information about how the previous subpass will be ended.

`vkCmdNextSubpass2` is semantically identical to vkCmdNextSubpass, except that it is extensible, and that `contents` is provided as part of an extensible structure instead of as a flat parameter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass2-None-03102
  The current subpass index must be less than the number of subpasses in the render pass minus one

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass2-pSubpassBeginInfo-parameter
  `pSubpassBeginInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkSubpassBeginInfo structure

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass2-pSubpassEndInfo-parameter
  `pSubpassEndInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkSubpassEndInfo structure

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass2-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdNextSubpass2-bufferlevel
  `commandBuffer` must be a primary `VkCommandBuffer`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary | Inside | Graphics

To record a command to end a render pass instance after recording the commands for the last subpass, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdEndRenderPass(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer in which to end the current render pass instance.

Ending a render pass instance performs any multisample resolve operations on the final subpass.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass-None-00910
  The current subpass index must be equal to the number of subpasses in the render pass minus one

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass-None-06170
  The current render pass instance must not have been begun with vkCmdBeginRendering

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass-bufferlevel
  `commandBuffer` must be a primary `VkCommandBuffer`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary | Inside | Graphics

To record a command to end a render pass instance after recording the commands for the last subpass, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    void vkCmdEndRenderPass2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkSubpassEndInfo*                     pSubpassEndInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer in which to end the current render pass instance.

- `pSubpassEndInfo` is a pointer to a VkSubpassEndInfo structure containing information about how the previous subpass will be ended.

`vkCmdEndRenderPass2` is semantically identical to vkCmdEndRenderPass, except that it is extensible.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass2-None-03103
  The current subpass index must be equal to the number of subpasses in the render pass minus one

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass2-None-06171
  The current render pass instance must not have been begun with vkCmdBeginRendering

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass2-pSubpassEndInfo-parameter
  `pSubpassEndInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkSubpassEndInfo structure

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass2-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdEndRenderPass2-bufferlevel
  `commandBuffer` must be a primary `VkCommandBuffer`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary | Inside | Graphics

The `VkSubpassEndInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkSubpassEndInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
    } VkSubpassEndInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSubpassEndInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_END_INFO`

- VUID-VkSubpassEndInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

## 9. Shaders

A shader specifies programmable operations that execute for each vertex, control point, tessellated vertex, primitive, fragment, or workgroup in the corresponding stage(s) of the graphics and compute pipelines.

Graphics pipelines include vertex shader execution as a result of primitive assembly, followed, if enabled, by tessellation control and evaluation shaders operating on patches, geometry shaders, if enabled, operating on primitives, and fragment shaders, if present, operating on fragments generated by Rasterization. In this specification, vertex, tessellation control, tessellation evaluation and geometry shaders are collectively referred to as pre-rasterization shader stages and occur in the logical pipeline before rasterization. The fragment shader occurs logically after rasterization.

Only the compute shader stage is included in a compute pipeline. Compute shaders operate on compute invocations in a workgroup.

Shaders can read from input variables, and read from and write to output variables. Input and output variables can be used to transfer data between shader stages, or to allow the shader to interact with values that exist in the execution environment. Similarly, the execution environment provides constants describing capabilities.

Shader variables are associated with execution environment-provided inputs and outputs using built-in decorations in the shader. The available decorations for each stage are documented in the following subsections.

### 9.1. Shader Modules

Shader modules contain shader code and one or more entry points. Shaders are selected from a shader module by specifying an entry point as part of pipeline creation. The stages of a pipeline can use shaders that come from different modules. The shader code defining a shader module must be in the SPIR-V format, as described by the Vulkan Environment for SPIR-V appendix.

Shader modules are represented by `VkShaderModule` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkShaderModule)

To create a shader module, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateShaderModule(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkShaderModuleCreateInfo*             pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkShaderModule*                             pShaderModule);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the shader module.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkShaderModuleCreateInfo structure.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pShaderModule` is a pointer to a VkShaderModule handle in which the resulting shader module object is returned.

Once a shader module has been created, any entry points it contains can be used in pipeline shader stages as described in Compute Pipelines and Graphics Pipelines.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateShaderModule-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateShaderModule-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkShaderModuleCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateShaderModule-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateShaderModule-pShaderModule-parameter
  `pShaderModule` must be a valid pointer to a VkShaderModule handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkShaderModuleCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkShaderModuleCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType              sType;
        const void*                  pNext;
        VkShaderModuleCreateFlags    flags;
        size_t                       codeSize;
        const uint32_t*              pCode;
    } VkShaderModuleCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `codeSize` is the size, in bytes, of the code pointed to by `pCode`.

- `pCode` is a pointer to code that is used to create the shader module. The type and format of the code is determined from the content of the memory addressed by `pCode`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-codeSize-01085
  `codeSize` must be greater than 0

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-codeSize-01086
  `codeSize` must be a multiple of 4

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pCode-01087
  `pCode` must point to valid SPIR-V code, formatted and packed as described by the Khronos SPIR-V Specification

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pCode-01088
  `pCode` must adhere to the validation rules described by the Validation Rules within a Module section of the SPIR-V Environment appendix

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pCode-01089
  `pCode` must declare the `Shader` capability for SPIR-V code

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pCode-01090
  `pCode` must not declare any capability that is not supported by the API, as described by the Capabilities section of the SPIR-V Environment appendix

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pCode-01091
  If `pCode` declares any of the capabilities listed in the SPIR-V Environment appendix, one of the corresponding requirements must be satisfied

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pCode-04146
  `pCode` must not declare any SPIR-V extension that is not supported by the API, as described by the Extension section of the SPIR-V Environment appendix

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pCode-04147
  If `pCode` declares any of the SPIR-V extensions listed in the SPIR-V Environment appendix, one of the corresponding requirements must be satisfied

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkShaderModuleCreateInfo-pCode-parameter
  `pCode` must be a valid pointer to an array of 4 codeSize​ `uint32_t` values

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkShaderModuleCreateFlags;

`VkShaderModuleCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

To destroy a shader module, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyShaderModule(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkShaderModule                              shaderModule,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the shader module.

- `shaderModule` is the handle of the shader module to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

A shader module can be destroyed while pipelines created using its shaders are still in use.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyShaderModule-shaderModule-01092
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `shaderModule` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyShaderModule-shaderModule-01093
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `shaderModule` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyShaderModule-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyShaderModule-shaderModule-parameter
  If `shaderModule` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `shaderModule` must be a valid VkShaderModule handle

- VUID-vkDestroyShaderModule-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyShaderModule-shaderModule-parent
  If `shaderModule` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `shaderModule` must be externally synchronized

### 9.2. Shader Execution

At each stage of the pipeline, multiple invocations of a shader may execute simultaneously. Further, invocations of a single shader produced as the result of different commands may execute simultaneously. The relative execution order of invocations of the same shader type is undefined. Shader invocations may complete in a different order than that in which the primitives they originated from were drawn or dispatched by the application. However, fragment shader outputs are written to attachments in rasterization order.

The relative execution order of invocations of different shader types is largely undefined. However, when invoking a shader whose inputs are generated from a previous pipeline stage, the shader invocations from the previous stage are guaranteed to have executed far enough to generate input values for all required inputs.

### 9.3. Shader Memory Access Ordering

The order in which image or buffer memory is read or written by shaders is largely undefined. For some shader types (vertex, tessellation evaluation, and in some cases, fragment), even the number of shader invocations that may perform loads and stores is undefined.

In particular, the following rules apply:

- Vertex and tessellation evaluation shaders will be invoked at least once for each unique vertex, as defined in those sections.

- Fragment shaders will be invoked zero or more times, as defined in that section.

- The relative execution order of invocations of the same shader type is undefined. A store issued by a shader when working on primitive B might complete prior to a store for primitive A, even if primitive A is specified prior to primitive B. This applies even to fragment shaders; while fragment shader outputs are always written to the framebuffer in rasterization order, stores executed by fragment shader invocations are not.

- The relative execution order of invocations of different shader types is largely undefined.

| Note The above limitations on shader invocation order make some forms of synchronization between shader invocations within a single set of primitives unimplementable. For example, having one invocation poll memory written by another invocation assumes that the other invocation has been launched and will complete its writes in finite time.

The Memory Model appendix defines the terminology and rules for how to correctly communicate between shader invocations, such as when a write is Visible-To a read, and what constitutes a Data Race.

Applications must not cause a data race.

The SPIR-V SubgroupMemory, CrossWorkgroupMemory, and AtomicCounterMemory memory semantics are ignored. Sequentially consistent atomics and barriers are not supported and SequentiallyConsistent is treated as AcquireRelease. SequentiallyConsistent should not be used.

### 9.4. Shader Inputs and Outputs

Data is passed into and out of shaders using variables with input or output storage class, respectively. User-defined inputs and outputs are connected between stages by matching their `Location` decorations. Additionally, data can be provided by or communicated to special functions provided by the execution environment using `BuiltIn` decorations.

In many cases, the same `BuiltIn` decoration can be used in multiple shader stages with similar meaning. The specific behavior of variables decorated as `BuiltIn` is documented in the following sections.

### 9.5. Vertex Shaders

Each vertex shader invocation operates on one vertex and its associated vertex attribute data, and outputs one vertex and associated data. Graphics pipelines must include a vertex shader, and the vertex shader stage is always the first shader stage in the graphics pipeline.

#### 9.5.1. Vertex Shader Execution

A vertex shader must be executed at least once for each vertex specified by a drawing command. If the subpass includes multiple views in its view mask, the shader may be invoked separately for each view. During execution, the shader is presented with the index of the vertex and instance for which it has been invoked. Input variables declared in the vertex shader are filled by the implementation with the values of vertex attributes associated with the invocation being executed.

If the same vertex is specified multiple times in a drawing command (e.g. by including the same index value multiple times in an index buffer) the implementation may reuse the results of vertex shading if it can statically determine that the vertex shader invocations will produce identical results.

| Note It is implementation-dependent when and if results of vertex shading are reused, and thus how many times the vertex shader will be executed. This is true also if the vertex shader contains stores or atomic operations (see `vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics`).

### 9.6. Tessellation Control Shaders

The tessellation control shader is used to read an input patch provided by the application and to produce an output patch. Each tessellation control shader invocation operates on an input patch (after all control points in the patch are processed by a vertex shader) and its associated data, and outputs a single control point of the output patch and its associated data, and can also output additional per-patch data. The input patch is sized according to the `patchControlPoints` member of VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo, as part of input assembly.

The size of the output patch is controlled by the `OpExecutionMode` `OutputVertices` specified in the tessellation control or tessellation evaluation shaders, which must be specified in at least one of the shaders. The size of the input and output patches must each be greater than zero and less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxTessellationPatchSize`.

#### 9.6.1. Tessellation Control Shader Execution

A tessellation control shader is invoked at least once for each output vertex in a patch. If the subpass includes multiple views in its view mask, the shader may be invoked separately for each view.

Inputs to the tessellation control shader are generated by the vertex shader. Each invocation of the tessellation control shader can read the attributes of any incoming vertices and their associated data. The invocations corresponding to a given patch execute logically in parallel, with undefined relative execution order. However, the `OpControlBarrier` instruction can be used to provide limited control of the execution order by synchronizing invocations within a patch, effectively dividing tessellation control shader execution into a set of phases. Tessellation control shaders will read undefined values if one invocation reads a per-vertex or per-patch output written by another invocation at any point during the same phase, or if two invocations attempt to write different values to the same per-patch output in a single phase.

### 9.7. Tessellation Evaluation Shaders

The Tessellation Evaluation Shader operates on an input patch of control points and their associated data, and a single input barycentric coordinate indicating the invocation’s relative position within the subdivided patch, and outputs a single vertex and its associated data.

#### 9.7.1. Tessellation Evaluation Shader Execution

A tessellation evaluation shader is invoked at least once for each unique vertex generated by the tessellator. If the subpass includes multiple views in its view mask, the shader may be invoked separately for each view.

### 9.8. Geometry Shaders

The geometry shader operates on a group of vertices and their associated data assembled from a single input primitive, and emits zero or more output primitives and the group of vertices and their associated data required for each output primitive.

#### 9.8.1. Geometry Shader Execution

A geometry shader is invoked at least once for each primitive produced by the tessellation stages, or at least once for each primitive generated by primitive assembly when tessellation is not in use. A shader can request that the geometry shader runs multiple instances. A geometry shader is invoked at least once for each instance. If the subpass includes multiple views in its view mask, the shader may be invoked separately for each view.

### 9.9. Fragment Shaders

Fragment shaders are invoked as a fragment operation in a graphics pipeline. Each fragment shader invocation operates on a single fragment and its associated data. With few exceptions, fragment shaders do not have access to any data associated with other fragments and are considered to execute in isolation of fragment shader invocations associated with other fragments.

### 9.10. Compute Shaders

Compute shaders are invoked via vkCmdDispatch and vkCmdDispatchIndirect commands. In general, they have access to similar resources as shader stages executing as part of a graphics pipeline.

Compute workloads are formed from groups of work items called workgroups and processed by the compute shader in the current compute pipeline. A workgroup is a collection of shader invocations that execute the same shader, potentially in parallel. Compute shaders execute in global workgroups which are divided into a number of local workgroups with a size that can be set by assigning a value to the `LocalSize` or `LocalSizeId` execution mode or via an object decorated by the `WorkgroupSize` decoration. An invocation within a local workgroup can share data with other members of the local workgroup through shared variables and issue memory and control flow barriers to synchronize with other members of the local workgroup.

### 9.11. Interpolation Decorations

Interpolation decorations control the behavior of attribute interpolation in the fragment shader stage. Interpolation decorations can be applied to `Input` storage class variables in the fragment shader stage’s interface, and control the interpolation behavior of those variables.

Inputs that could be interpolated can be decorated by at most one of the following decorations:

- `Flat`: no interpolation

- `NoPerspective`: linear interpolation (for lines and polygons)

Fragment input variables decorated with neither `Flat` nor `NoPerspective` use perspective-correct interpolation (for lines and polygons).

The presence of and type of interpolation is controlled by the above interpolation decorations as well as the auxiliary decorations `Centroid` and `Sample`.

A variable decorated with `Flat` will not be interpolated. Instead, it will have the same value for every fragment within a triangle. This value will come from a single provoking vertex. A variable decorated with `Flat` can also be decorated with `Centroid` or `Sample`, which will mean the same thing as decorating it only as `Flat`.

For fragment shader input variables decorated with neither `Centroid` nor `Sample`, the assigned variable may be interpolated anywhere within the fragment and a single value may be assigned to each sample within the fragment.

If a fragment shader input is decorated with `Centroid`, a single value may be assigned to that variable for all samples in the fragment, but that value must be interpolated to a location that lies in both the fragment and in the primitive being rendered, including any of the fragment’s samples covered by the primitive. Because the location at which the variable is interpolated may be different in neighboring fragments, and derivatives may be computed by computing differences between neighboring fragments, derivatives of centroid-sampled inputs may be less accurate than those for non-centroid interpolated variables.

If a fragment shader input is decorated with `Sample`, a separate value must be assigned to that variable for each covered sample in the fragment, and that value must be sampled at the location of the individual sample. When `rasterizationSamples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, the fragment center must be used for `Centroid`, `Sample`, and undecorated attribute interpolation.

Fragment shader inputs that are signed or unsigned integers, integer vectors, or any double-precision floating-point type must be decorated with `Flat`.

### 9.12. Static Use

A SPIR-V module declares a global object in memory using the `OpVariable` instruction, which results in a pointer `x` to that object. A specific entry point in a SPIR-V module is said to statically use that object if that entry point’s call tree contains a function containing a memory instruction or image instruction with `x` as an `id` operand. See the “Memory Instructions” and “Image Instructions” subsections of section 3 “Binary Form” of the SPIR-V specification for the complete list of SPIR-V memory instructions.

Static use is not used to control the behavior of variables with `Input` and `Output` storage. The effects of those variables are applied based only on whether they are present in a shader entry point’s interface.

### 9.13. Scope

A scope describes a set of shader invocations, where each such set is a scope instance. Each invocation belongs to one or more scope instances, but belongs to no more than one scope instance for each scope.

The operations available between invocations in a given scope instance vary, with smaller scopes generally able to perform more operations, and with greater efficiency.

#### 9.13.1. Cross Device

All invocations executed in a Vulkan instance fall into a single cross device scope instance.

Whilst the `CrossDevice` scope is defined in SPIR-V, it is disallowed in Vulkan. API synchronization commands can be used to communicate between devices.

#### 9.13.2. Device

All invocations executed on a single device form a device scope instance.

If the `vulkanMemoryModel` and `vulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope` features are enabled, this scope is represented in SPIR-V by the `Device` `Scope`, which can be used as a `Memory` `Scope` for barrier and atomic operations.

There is no method to synchronize the execution of these invocations within SPIR-V, and this can only be done with API synchronization primitives.

Invocations executing on different devices in a device group operate in separate device scope instances.

#### 9.13.3. Queue Family

Invocations executed by queues in a given queue family form a queue family scope instance.

This scope is identified in SPIR-V as the `QueueFamily` `Scope` if the `vulkanMemoryModel` feature is enabled, or if not, the `Device` `Scope`, which can be used as a `Memory` `Scope` for barrier and atomic operations.

There is no method to synchronize the execution of these invocations within SPIR-V, and this can only be done with API synchronization primitives.

Each invocation in a queue family scope instance must be in the same device scope instance.

#### 9.13.4. Command

Any shader invocations executed as the result of a single command such as vkCmdDispatch or vkCmdDraw form a command scope instance. For indirect drawing commands with `drawCount` greater than one, invocations from separate draws are in separate command scope instances.

There is no specific `Scope` for communication across invocations in a command scope instance. As this has a clear boundary at the API level, coordination here can be performed in the API, rather than in SPIR-V.

Each invocation in a command scope instance must be in the same queue-family scope instance.

For shaders without defined workgroups, this set of invocations forms an invocation group as defined in the SPIR-V specification.

#### 9.13.5. Primitive

Any fragment shader invocations executed as the result of rasterization of a single primitive form a primitive scope instance.

There is no specific `Scope` for communication across invocations in a primitive scope instance.

Any generated helper invocations are included in this scope instance.

Each invocation in a primitive scope instance must be in the same command scope instance.

Any input variables decorated with `Flat` are uniform within a primitive scope instance.

#### 9.13.6. Workgroup

A local workgroup is a set of invocations that can synchronize and share data with each other using memory in the `Workgroup` storage class.

The `Workgroup` `Scope` can be used as both an `Execution` `Scope` and `Memory` `Scope` for barrier and atomic operations.

Each invocation in a local workgroup must be in the same command scope instance.

Only compute shaders have defined workgroups - other shader types cannot use workgroup functionality. For shaders that have defined workgroups, this set of invocations forms an invocation group as defined in the SPIR-V specification.

#### 9.13.7. Subgroup

A subgroup (see the subsection “Control Flow” of section 2 of the SPIR-V 1.3 Revision 1 specification) is a set of invocations that can synchronize and share data with each other efficiently.

The `Subgroup` `Scope` can be used as both an `Execution` `Scope` and `Memory` `Scope` for barrier and atomic operations. Other subgroup features allow the use of group operations with subgroup scope.

For shaders that have defined workgroups, each invocation in a subgroup must be in the same local workgroup.

In other shader stages, each invocation in a subgroup must be in the same device scope instance.

Only shader stages that support subgroup operations have defined subgroups.

#### 9.13.8. Quad

A quad scope instance is formed of four shader invocations.

In a fragment shader, each invocation in a quad scope instance is formed of invocations in neighboring framebuffer locations (xi, yi), where:

- i is the index of the invocation within the scope instance.

- w and h are the number of pixels the fragment covers in the x and y axes.

- w and h are identical for all participating invocations.

- (x0) = (x1 - w) = (x2) = (x3 - w)

- (y0) = (y1) = (y2 - h) = (y3 - h)

- Each invocation has the same layer and sample indices.

In all shaders, each invocation in a quad scope instance is formed of invocations in adjacent subgroup invocation indices (si), where:

- i is the index of the invocation within the quad scope instance.

- (s0) = (s1 - 1) = (s2 - 2) = (s3 - 3)

- s0 is an integer multiple of 4.

Each invocation in a quad scope instance must be in the same subgroup.

In a fragment shader, each invocation in a quad scope instance must be in the same primitive scope instance.

Fragment and compute shaders have defined quad scope instances. If the `quadOperationsInAllStages` limit is supported, any shader stages that support subgroup operations also have defined quad scope instances.

#### 9.13.9. Invocation

The smallest scope is a single invocation; this is represented by the `Invocation` `Scope` in SPIR-V.

Fragment shader invocations must be in a primitive scope instance.

Invocations in shaders that have defined workgroups must be in a local workgroup.

Invocations in shaders that have a defined subgroup scope must be in a subgroup.

Invocations in shaders that have a defined quad scope must be in a quad scope instance.

All invocations in all stages must be in a command scope instance.

### 9.14. Group Operations

Group operations are executed by multiple invocations within a scope instance; with each invocation involved in calculating the result. This provides a mechanism for efficient communication between invocations in a particular scope instance.

Group operations all take a `Scope` defining the desired scope instance to operate within. Only the `Subgroup` scope can be used for these operations; the `subgroupSupportedOperations` limit defines which types of operation can be used.

#### 9.14.1. Basic Group Operations

Basic group operations include the use of `OpGroupNonUniformElect`, `OpControlBarrier`, `OpMemoryBarrier`, and atomic operations.

`OpGroupNonUniformElect` can be used to choose a single invocation to perform a task for the whole group. Only the invocation with the lowest id in the group will return `true`.

The Memory Model appendix defines the operation of barriers and atomics.

#### 9.14.2. Vote Group Operations

The vote group operations allow invocations within a group to compare values across a group. The types of votes enabled are:

- Do all active group invocations agree that an expression is true?

- Do any active group invocations evaluate an expression to true?

- Do all active group invocations have the same value of an expression?

| Note These operations are useful in combination with control flow in that they allow for developers to check whether conditions match across the group and choose potentially faster code-paths in these cases.

#### 9.14.3. Arithmetic Group Operations

The arithmetic group operations allow invocations to perform scans and reductions across a group. The operators supported are add, mul, min, max, and, or, xor.

For reductions, every invocation in a group will obtain the cumulative result of these operators applied to all values in the group. For exclusive scans, each invocation in a group will obtain the cumulative result of these operators applied to all values in invocations with a lower index in the group. Inclusive scans are identical to exclusive scans, except the cumulative result includes the operator applied to the value in the current invocation.

The order in which these operators are applied is implementation-dependent.

#### 9.14.4. Ballot Group Operations

The ballot group operations allow invocations to perform more complex votes across the group. The ballot functionality allows all invocations within a group to provide a boolean value and get as a result what each invocation provided as their boolean value. The broadcast functionality allows values to be broadcast from an invocation to all other invocations within the group.

#### 9.14.5. Shuffle Group Operations

The shuffle group operations allow invocations to read values from other invocations within a group.

#### 9.14.6. Shuffle Relative Group Operations

The shuffle relative group operations allow invocations to read values from other invocations within the group relative to the current invocation in the group. The relative operations supported allow data to be shifted up and down through the invocations within a group.

#### 9.14.7. Clustered Group Operations

The clustered group operations allow invocations to perform an operation among partitions of a group, such that the operation is only performed within the group invocations within a partition. The partitions for clustered group operations are consecutive power-of-two size groups of invocations and the cluster size must be known at pipeline creation time. The operations supported are add, mul, min, max, and, or, xor.

### 9.15. Quad Group Operations

Quad group operations (`OpGroupNonUniformQuad*`) are a specialized type of group operations that only operate on quad scope instances. Whilst these instructions do include a `Scope` parameter, this scope is always overridden; only the quad scope instance is included in its execution scope.

Fragment shaders that statically execute quad group operations must launch sufficient invocations to ensure their correct operation; additional helper invocations are launched for framebuffer locations not covered by rasterized fragments if necessary.

The index used to select participating invocations is i, as described for a quad scope instance, defined as the quad index in the SPIR-V specification.

For `OpGroupNonUniformQuadBroadcast` this value is equal to `Index`. For `OpGroupNonUniformQuadSwap`, it is equal to the implicit `Index` used by each participating invocation.

### 9.16. Derivative Operations

Derivative operations calculate the partial derivative for an expression P as a function of an invocation’s x and y coordinates.

Derivative operations operate on a set of invocations known as a derivative group as defined in the SPIR-V specification. A derivative group is equivalent to the primitive scope instance for a fragment shader invocation.

Derivatives are calculated assuming that P is piecewise linear and continuous within the derivative group. All dynamic instances of explicit derivative instructions (`OpDPdx*`, `OpDPdy*`, and `OpFwidth*`) must be executed in control flow that is uniform within a derivative group. For other derivative operations, results are undefined if a dynamic instance is executed in control flow that is not uniform within the derivative group.

Fragment shaders that statically execute derivative operations must launch sufficient invocations to ensure their correct operation; additional helper invocations are launched for framebuffer locations not covered by rasterized fragments if necessary.

Derivative operations calculate their results as the difference between the result of P across invocations in the quad. For fine derivative operations (`OpDPdxFine` and `OpDPdyFine`), the values of DPdx(Pi) are calculated as

  DPdx(P0) = DPdx(P1) = P1 - P0

  DPdx(P2) = DPdx(P3) = P3 - P2

and the values of DPdy(Pi) are calculated as

  DPdy(P0) = DPdy(P2) = P2 - P0

  DPdy(P1) = DPdy(P3) = P3 - P1

where i is the index of each invocation as described in Quad.

Coarse derivative operations (`OpDPdxCoarse` and `OpDPdyCoarse`), calculate their results in roughly the same manner, but may only calculate two values instead of four (one for each of DPdx and DPdy), reusing the same result no matter the originating invocation. If an implementation does this, it should use the fine derivative calculations described for P0.

| Note Derivative values are calculated between fragments rather than pixels. If the fragment shader invocations involved in the calculation cover multiple pixels, these operations cover a wider area, resulting in larger derivative values. This in turn will result in a coarser level of detail being selected for image sampling operations using derivatives. Applications may want to account for this when using multi-pixel fragments; if pixel derivatives are desired, applications should use explicit derivative operations and divide the results by the size of the fragment in each dimension as follows: DPdx(Pn)' = DPdx(Pn) / w DPdy(Pn)' = DPdy(Pn) / h where w and h are the size of the fragments in the quad, and DPdx(Pn)' and DPdy(Pn)' are the pixel derivatives.

The results for `OpDPdx` and `OpDPdy` may be calculated as either fine or coarse derivatives, with implementations favouring the most efficient approach. Implementations must choose coarse or fine consistently between the two.

Executing `OpFwidthFine`, `OpFwidthCoarse`, or `OpFwidth` is equivalent to executing the corresponding `OpDPdx*` and `OpDPdy*` instructions, taking the absolute value of the results, and summing them.

Executing an `OpImage*Sample*ImplicitLod` instruction is equivalent to executing `OpDPdx`(`Coordinate`) and `OpDPdy`(`Coordinate`), and passing the results as the `Grad` operands `dx` and `dy`.

| Note It is expected that using the `ImplicitLod` variants of sampling functions will be substantially more efficient than using the `ExplicitLod` variants with explicitly generated derivatives.

### 9.17. Helper Invocations

When performing derivative or quad group operations in a fragment shader, additional invocations may be spawned in order to ensure correct results. These additional invocations are known as helper invocations and can be identified by a non-zero value in the `HelperInvocation` built-in. Stores and atomics performed by helper invocations must not have any effect on memory, and values returned by atomic instructions in helper invocations are undefined.

For group operations other than derivative and quad group operations, helper invocations may be treated as inactive even if they would be considered otherwise active.

Helper invocations may become permanently inactive if all invocations in a quad scope instance become helper invocations.

## 10. Pipelines

The following figure shows a block diagram of the Vulkan pipelines. Some Vulkan commands specify geometric objects to be drawn or computational work to be performed, while others specify state controlling how objects are handled by the various pipeline stages, or control data transfer between memory organized as images and buffers. Commands are effectively sent through a processing pipeline, either a graphics pipeline, or a compute pipeline.

The first stage of the graphics pipeline (Input Assembler) assembles vertices to form geometric primitives such as points, lines, and triangles, based on a requested primitive topology. In the next stage (Vertex Shader) vertices can be transformed, computing positions and attributes for each vertex. If tessellation and/or geometry shaders are supported, they can then generate multiple primitives from a single input primitive, possibly changing the primitive topology or generating additional attribute data in the process.

The final resulting primitives are clipped to a clip volume in preparation for the next stage, Rasterization. The rasterizer produces a series of fragments associated with a region of the framebuffer, from a two-dimensional description of a point, line segment, or triangle. These fragments are processed by fragment operations to determine whether generated values will be written to the framebuffer. Fragment shading determines the values to be written to the framebuffer attachments. Framebuffer operations then read and write the color and depth/stencil attachments of the framebuffer for a given subpass of a render pass instance. The attachments can be used as input attachments in the fragment shader in a later subpass of the same render pass.

The compute pipeline is a separate pipeline from the graphics pipeline, which operates on one-, two-, or three-dimensional workgroups which can read from and write to buffer and image memory.

This ordering is meant only as a tool for describing Vulkan, not as a strict rule of how Vulkan is implemented, and we present it only as a means to organize the various operations of the pipelines. Actual ordering guarantees between pipeline stages are explained in detail in the synchronization chapter.

Figure 2. Block diagram of the Vulkan pipeline

Each pipeline is controlled by a monolithic object created from a description of all of the shader stages and any relevant fixed-function stages. Linking the whole pipeline together allows the optimization of shaders based on their input/outputs and eliminates expensive draw time state validation.

A pipeline object is bound to the current state using vkCmdBindPipeline. Any pipeline object state that is specified as dynamic is not applied to the current state when the pipeline object is bound, but is instead set by dynamic state setting commands.

No state, including dynamic state, is inherited from one command buffer to another.

Compute, and graphics pipelines are each represented by `VkPipeline` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkPipeline)

### 10.1. Compute Pipelines

Compute pipelines consist of a single static compute shader stage and the pipeline layout.

The compute pipeline represents a compute shader and is created by calling `vkCreateComputePipelines` with `module` and `pName` selecting an entry point from a shader module, where that entry point defines a valid compute shader, in the VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo structure contained within the VkComputePipelineCreateInfo structure.

To create compute pipelines, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateComputePipelines(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkPipelineCache                             pipelineCache,
        uint32_t                                    createInfoCount,
        const VkComputePipelineCreateInfo*          pCreateInfos,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkPipeline*                                 pPipelines);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the compute pipelines.

- `pipelineCache` is either VK_NULL_HANDLE, indicating that pipeline caching is disabled; or the handle of a valid pipeline cache object, in which case use of that cache is enabled for the duration of the command.

- `createInfoCount` is the length of the `pCreateInfos` and `pPipelines` arrays.

- `pCreateInfos` is a pointer to an array of VkComputePipelineCreateInfo structures.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pPipelines` is a pointer to an array of VkPipeline handles in which the resulting compute pipeline objects are returned.

  | editing-note TODO (Jon) - Should we say something like “the i’th element of the `pPipelines` array is created based on the corresponding element of the `pCreateInfos` array”? Also for vkCreateGraphicsPipelines below.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateComputePipelines-flags-00695
  If the `flags` member of any element of `pCreateInfos` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, and the `basePipelineIndex` member of that same element is not `-1`, `basePipelineIndex` must be less than the index into `pCreateInfos` that corresponds to that element

- VUID-vkCreateComputePipelines-flags-00696
  If the `flags` member of any element of `pCreateInfos` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, the base pipeline must have been created with the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_ALLOW_DERIVATIVES_BIT` flag set

- VUID-vkCreateComputePipelines-pipelineCache-02873
  If `pipelineCache` was created with `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT`, host access to `pipelineCache` must be externally synchronized

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateComputePipelines-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateComputePipelines-pipelineCache-parameter
  If `pipelineCache` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pipelineCache` must be a valid VkPipelineCache handle

- VUID-vkCreateComputePipelines-pCreateInfos-parameter
  `pCreateInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `createInfoCount` valid VkComputePipelineCreateInfo structures

- VUID-vkCreateComputePipelines-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateComputePipelines-pPipelines-parameter
  `pPipelines` must be a valid pointer to an array of `createInfoCount` VkPipeline handles

- VUID-vkCreateComputePipelines-createInfoCount-arraylength
  `createInfoCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCreateComputePipelines-pipelineCache-parent
  If `pipelineCache` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkComputePipelineCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkComputePipelineCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        const void*                        pNext;
        VkPipelineCreateFlags              flags;
        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo    stage;
        VkPipelineLayout                   layout;
        VkPipeline                         basePipelineHandle;
        int32_t                            basePipelineIndex;
    } VkComputePipelineCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkPipelineCreateFlagBits specifying how the pipeline will be generated.

- `stage` is a VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo structure describing the compute shader.

- `layout` is the description of binding locations used by both the pipeline and descriptor sets used with the pipeline.

- `basePipelineHandle` is a pipeline to derive from

- `basePipelineIndex` is an index into the `pCreateInfos` parameter to use as a pipeline to derive from

The parameters `basePipelineHandle` and `basePipelineIndex` are described in more detail in Pipeline Derivatives.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-flags-00697
  If `flags` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, and `basePipelineIndex` is -1, `basePipelineHandle` must be a valid handle to a compute `VkPipeline`

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-flags-00698
  If `flags` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, and `basePipelineHandle` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, `basePipelineIndex` must be a valid index into the calling command’s `pCreateInfos` parameter

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-flags-00699
  If `flags` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, and `basePipelineIndex` is not -1, `basePipelineHandle` must be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-flags-00700
  If `flags` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, and `basePipelineHandle` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `basePipelineIndex` must be -1

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-stage-00701
  The `stage` member of `stage` must be `VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT`

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-stage-00702
  The shader code for the entry point identified by `stage` and the rest of the state identified by this structure must adhere to the pipeline linking rules described in the Shader Interfaces chapter

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-layout-00703
  `layout` must be consistent with the layout of the compute shader specified in `stage`

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-layout-01687
  The number of resources in `layout` accessible to the compute shader stage must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPerStageResources`

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-pipelineCreationCacheControl-02875
  If the `pipelineCreationCacheControl` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not include `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_FAIL_ON_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_EARLY_RETURN_ON_FAILURE_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-stage-parameter
  `stage` must be a valid VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-layout-parameter
  `layout` must be a valid VkPipelineLayout handle

- VUID-VkComputePipelineCreateInfo-commonparent
  Both of `basePipelineHandle`, and `layout` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                     sType;
        const void*                         pNext;
        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlags    flags;
        VkShaderStageFlagBits               stage;
        VkShaderModule                      module;
        const char*                         pName;
        const VkSpecializationInfo*         pSpecializationInfo;
    } VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlagBits specifying how the pipeline shader stage will be generated.

- `stage` is a VkShaderStageFlagBits value specifying a single pipeline stage.

- `module` is a VkShaderModule object containing the shader for this stage.

- `pName` is a pointer to a null-terminated UTF-8 string specifying the entry point name of the shader for this stage.

- `pSpecializationInfo` is a pointer to a VkSpecializationInfo structure, as described in Specialization Constants, or `NULL`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-00704
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `stage` must not be `VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-00705
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `stage` must not be `VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_BIT` or `VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_BIT`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-00706
  `stage` must not be `VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS`, or `VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-pName-00707
  `pName` must be the name of an `OpEntryPoint` in `module` with an execution model that matches `stage`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-maxClipDistances-00708
  If the identified entry point includes any variable in its interface that is declared with the `ClipDistance` `BuiltIn` decoration, that variable must not have an array size greater than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxClipDistances`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-maxCullDistances-00709
  If the identified entry point includes any variable in its interface that is declared with the `CullDistance` `BuiltIn` decoration, that variable must not have an array size greater than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxCullDistances`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-maxCombinedClipAndCullDistances-00710
  If the identified entry point includes any variables in its interface that are declared with the `ClipDistance` or `CullDistance` `BuiltIn` decoration, those variables must not have array sizes which sum to more than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxCombinedClipAndCullDistances`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-maxSampleMaskWords-00711
  If the identified entry point includes any variable in its interface that is declared with the `SampleMask` `BuiltIn` decoration, that variable must not have an array size greater than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxSampleMaskWords`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-00712
  If `stage` is `VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT`, the identified entry point must not include any input variable in its interface that is decorated with `CullDistance`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-00713
  If `stage` is `VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_BIT` or `VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_BIT`, and the identified entry point has an `OpExecutionMode` instruction specifying a patch size with `OutputVertices`, the patch size must be greater than `0` and less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxTessellationPatchSize`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-00714
  If `stage` is `VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT`, the identified entry point must have an `OpExecutionMode` instruction specifying a maximum output vertex count that is greater than `0` and less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxGeometryOutputVertices`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-00715
  If `stage` is `VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT`, the identified entry point must have an `OpExecutionMode` instruction specifying an invocation count that is greater than `0` and less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxGeometryShaderInvocations`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-02596
  If `stage` is a pre-rasterization shader stage, and the identified entry point writes to `Layer` for any primitive, it must write the same value to `Layer` for all vertices of a given primitive

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-02597
  If `stage` is a pre-rasterization shader stage, and the identified entry point writes to `ViewportIndex` for any primitive, it must write the same value to `ViewportIndex` for all vertices of a given primitive

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-00718
  If `stage` is `VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT`, the identified entry point must not include any output variables in its interface decorated with `CullDistance`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-00719
  If `stage` is `VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT`, and the identified entry point writes to `FragDepth` in any execution path, it must write to `FragDepth` in all execution paths

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-flags-02784
  If `flags` has the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` flag set, the `subgroupSizeControl` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-flags-02785
  If `flags` has the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT` flag set, the `computeFullSubgroups` feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-pNext-02754
  If a VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo structure is included in the `pNext` chain, `flags` must not have the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` flag set

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-pNext-02755
  If a VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo structure is included in the `pNext` chain, the `subgroupSizeControl` feature must be enabled, and `stage` must be a valid bit specified in `requiredSubgroupSizeStages`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-pNext-02756
  If a VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo structure is included in the `pNext` chain and `stage` is `VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT`, the local workgroup size of the shader must be less than or equal to the product of VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo::`requiredSubgroupSize` and `maxComputeWorkgroupSubgroups`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-pNext-02757
  If a VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo structure is included in the `pNext` chain, and `flags` has the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT` flag set, the local workgroup size in the X dimension of the pipeline must be a multiple of VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo::`requiredSubgroupSize`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-flags-02758
  If `flags` has both the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT` and `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` flags set, the local workgroup size in the X dimension of the pipeline must be a multiple of `maxSubgroupSize`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-flags-02759
  If `flags` has the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT` flag set and `flags` does not have the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` flag set and no VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo structure is included in the `pNext` chain, the local workgroup size in the X dimension of the pipeline must be a multiple of `subgroupSize`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-module-04145
  The SPIR-V code that was used to create `module` must be valid as described by the Khronos SPIR-V Specification after applying the specializations provided in `pSpecializationInfo`, if any, and then converting all specialization constants into fixed constants

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-stage-parameter
  `stage` must be a valid VkShaderStageFlagBits value

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-module-parameter
  `module` must be a valid VkShaderModule handle

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-pName-parameter
  `pName` must be a null-terminated UTF-8 string

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo-pSpecializationInfo-parameter
  If `pSpecializationInfo` is not `NULL`, `pSpecializationInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkSpecializationInfo structure

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlagBits.

Possible values of the `flags` member of VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo specifying how a pipeline shader stage is created, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlagBits {
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT = 0x00000001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT = 0x00000002,
    } VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` specifies that the `SubgroupSize` may vary in the shader stage.

- `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT` specifies that the subgroup sizes must be launched with all invocations active in the compute stage.

| Note If `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT_EXT` and `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT_EXT` are specified and `minSubgroupSize` does not equal `maxSubgroupSize` and no required subgroup size is specified, then the only way to guarantee that the 'X' dimension of the local workgroup size is a multiple of `SubgroupSize` is to make it a multiple of `maxSubgroupSize`. Under these conditions, you are guaranteed full subgroups but not any particular subgroup size.

Bits which can be set by commands and structures, specifying one or more shader stages, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkShaderStageFlagBits {
        VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS = 0x0000001F,
        VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL = 0x7FFFFFFF,
    } VkShaderStageFlagBits;

- `VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT` specifies the vertex stage.

- `VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_BIT` specifies the tessellation control stage.

- `VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_BIT` specifies the tessellation evaluation stage.

- `VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT` specifies the geometry stage.

- `VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT` specifies the fragment stage.

- `VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT` specifies the compute stage.

- `VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS` is a combination of bits used as shorthand to specify all graphics stages defined above (excluding the compute stage).

- `VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL` is a combination of bits used as shorthand to specify all shader stages supported by the device, including all additional stages which are introduced by extensions.

| Note `VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS` only includes the original five graphics stages included in Vulkan 1.0, and not any stages added by extensions. Thus, it may not have the desired effect in all cases.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkShaderStageFlags;

`VkShaderStageFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkShaderStageFlagBits.

The `VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint32_t           requiredSubgroupSize;
    } VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `requiredSubgroupSize` is an unsigned integer value specifying the required subgroup size for the newly created pipeline shader stage.

If a `VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, it specifies that the pipeline shader stage being compiled has a required subgroup size.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo-requiredSubgroupSize-02760
  `requiredSubgroupSize` must be a power-of-two integer

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo-requiredSubgroupSize-02761
  `requiredSubgroupSize` must be greater or equal to minSubgroupSize

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo-requiredSubgroupSize-02762
  `requiredSubgroupSize` must be less than or equal to maxSubgroupSize

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_REQUIRED_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CREATE_INFO`

### 10.2. Graphics Pipelines

Graphics pipelines consist of multiple shader stages, multiple fixed-function pipeline stages, and a pipeline layout.

To create graphics pipelines, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkPipelineCache                             pipelineCache,
        uint32_t                                    createInfoCount,
        const VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo*         pCreateInfos,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkPipeline*                                 pPipelines);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the graphics pipelines.

- `pipelineCache` is either VK_NULL_HANDLE, indicating that pipeline caching is disabled; or the handle of a valid pipeline cache object, in which case use of that cache is enabled for the duration of the command.

- `createInfoCount` is the length of the `pCreateInfos` and `pPipelines` arrays.

- `pCreateInfos` is a pointer to an array of VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo structures.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pPipelines` is a pointer to an array of VkPipeline handles in which the resulting graphics pipeline objects are returned.

The VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo structure includes an array of VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo structures for each of the desired active shader stages, as well as creation information for all relevant fixed-function stages, and a pipeline layout.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateGraphicsPipelines-flags-00720
  If the `flags` member of any element of `pCreateInfos` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, and the `basePipelineIndex` member of that same element is not `-1`, `basePipelineIndex` must be less than the index into `pCreateInfos` that corresponds to that element

- VUID-vkCreateGraphicsPipelines-flags-00721
  If the `flags` member of any element of `pCreateInfos` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, the base pipeline must have been created with the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_ALLOW_DERIVATIVES_BIT` flag set

- VUID-vkCreateGraphicsPipelines-pipelineCache-02876
  If `pipelineCache` was created with `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT`, host access to `pipelineCache` must be externally synchronized

| Note An implicit cache may be provided by the implementation or a layer. For this reason, it is still valid to set `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_FAIL_ON_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED_BIT` on `flags` for any element of `pCreateInfos` while passing VK_NULL_HANDLE for `pipelineCache`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateGraphicsPipelines-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateGraphicsPipelines-pipelineCache-parameter
  If `pipelineCache` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pipelineCache` must be a valid VkPipelineCache handle

- VUID-vkCreateGraphicsPipelines-pCreateInfos-parameter
  `pCreateInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `createInfoCount` valid VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo structures

- VUID-vkCreateGraphicsPipelines-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateGraphicsPipelines-pPipelines-parameter
  `pPipelines` must be a valid pointer to an array of `createInfoCount` VkPipeline handles

- VUID-vkCreateGraphicsPipelines-createInfoCount-arraylength
  `createInfoCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCreateGraphicsPipelines-pipelineCache-parent
  If `pipelineCache` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                                  sType;
        const void*                                      pNext;
        VkPipelineCreateFlags                            flags;
        uint32_t                                         stageCount;
        const VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo*           pStages;
        const VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo*      pVertexInputState;
        const VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo*    pInputAssemblyState;
        const VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo*     pTessellationState;
        const VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo*         pViewportState;
        const VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo*    pRasterizationState;
        const VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo*      pMultisampleState;
        const VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo*     pDepthStencilState;
        const VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo*       pColorBlendState;
        const VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo*          pDynamicState;
        VkPipelineLayout                                 layout;
        VkRenderPass                                     renderPass;
        uint32_t                                         subpass;
        VkPipeline                                       basePipelineHandle;
        int32_t                                          basePipelineIndex;
    } VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkPipelineCreateFlagBits specifying how the pipeline will be generated.

- `stageCount` is the number of entries in the `pStages` array.

- `pStages` is a pointer to an array of `stageCount` VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo structures describing the set of the shader stages to be included in the graphics pipeline.

- `pVertexInputState` is a pointer to a VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo structure defining vertex input state for use with vertex shading.

- `pInputAssemblyState` is a pointer to a VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo structure which determines input assembly behavior for vertex shading, as described in Drawing Commands.

- `pTessellationState` is a pointer to a VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo structure defining tessellation state used by tessellation shaders.

- `pViewportState` is a pointer to a VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo structure defining viewport state used when rasterization is enabled.

- `pRasterizationState` is a pointer to a VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo structure defining rasterization state.

- `pMultisampleState` is a pointer to a VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo structure defining multisample state used when rasterization is enabled.

- `pDepthStencilState` is a pointer to a VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo structure defining depth/stencil state used when rasterization is enabled for depth or stencil attachments accessed during rendering.

- `pColorBlendState` is a pointer to a VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo structure defining color blend state used when rasterization is enabled for any color attachments accessed during rendering.

- `pDynamicState` is a pointer to a VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo structure defining which properties of the pipeline state object are dynamic and can be changed independently of the pipeline state. This can be `NULL`, which means no state in the pipeline is considered dynamic.

- `layout` is the description of binding locations used by both the pipeline and descriptor sets used with the pipeline.

- `renderPass` is a handle to a render pass object describing the environment in which the pipeline will be used. The pipeline must only be used with a render pass instance compatible with the one provided. See Render Pass Compatibility for more information.

- `subpass` is the index of the subpass in the render pass where this pipeline will be used.

- `basePipelineHandle` is a pipeline to derive from.

- `basePipelineIndex` is an index into the `pCreateInfos` parameter to use as a pipeline to derive from.

The parameters `basePipelineHandle` and `basePipelineIndex` are described in more detail in Pipeline Derivatives.

The state required for a graphics pipeline is divided into vertex input state, pre-rasterization shader state, fragment shader state, and fragment output state.

Vertex input state is defined by:

- VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo

Pre-rasterization shader state is defined by:

- VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo entries for:

  - Vertex shaders

  - Tessellation control shaders

  - Tessellation evaluation shaders

  - Geometry shaders

- Within the VkPipelineLayout, all bindings that affect the specified shader stages

- VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo

- VkRenderPass and `subpass` parameter

Fragment shader state is defined by:

- A VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo entry for the fragment shader

- Within the VkPipelineLayout, all bindings that affect the fragment shader

- VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo

- VkRenderPass and `subpass` parameter

Fragment output state is defined by:

- VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo

- The `alphaToCoverageEnable` and `alphaToOneEnable` members of VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.

- VkRenderPass and `subpass` parameter

A complete graphics pipeline always includes pre-rasterization shader state, with other subsets included depending on that state. If the pre-rasterization shader state includes a vertex shader, then vertex input state is included in a complete graphics pipeline. If the value of VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`rasterizerDiscardEnable` in the pre-rasterization shader state is `VK_FALSE` or the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE` dynamic state is enabled fragment shader state and fragment output interface state is included in a complete graphics pipeline.

Pipelines must be created with a complete set of pipeline state.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-flags-00722
  If `flags` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, and `basePipelineIndex` is -1, `basePipelineHandle` must be a valid handle to a graphics `VkPipeline`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-flags-00723
  If `flags` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, and `basePipelineHandle` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, `basePipelineIndex` must be a valid index into the calling command’s `pCreateInfos` parameter

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-flags-00724
  If `flags` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, and `basePipelineIndex` is not -1, `basePipelineHandle` must be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-flags-00725
  If `flags` contains the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag, and `basePipelineHandle` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `basePipelineIndex` must be -1

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-stage-00726
  The `stage` member of each element of `pStages` must be unique

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-stage-00727
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state the `stage` member of one element of `pStages` must be `VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-stage-00728
  The `stage` member of each element of `pStages` must not be `VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00729
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and `pStages` includes a tessellation control shader stage, it must include a tessellation evaluation shader stage

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00730
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and `pStages` includes a tessellation evaluation shader stage, it must include a tessellation control shader stage

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00731
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and `pStages` includes a tessellation control shader stage and a tessellation evaluation shader stage, `pTessellationState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00732
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and `pStages` includes tessellation shader stages, the shader code of at least one stage must contain an `OpExecutionMode` instruction specifying the type of subdivision in the pipeline

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00733
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and `pStages` includes tessellation shader stages, and the shader code of both stages contain an `OpExecutionMode` instruction specifying the type of subdivision in the pipeline, they must both specify the same subdivision mode

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00734
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and `pStages` includes tessellation shader stages, the shader code of at least one stage must contain an `OpExecutionMode` instruction specifying the output patch size in the pipeline

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00735
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and `pStages` includes tessellation shader stages, and the shader code of both contain an `OpExecutionMode` instruction specifying the out patch size in the pipeline, they must both specify the same patch size

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00736
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and `pStages` includes tessellation shader stages, the `topology` member of `pInputAssembly` must be `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-topology-00737
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and the `topology` member of `pInputAssembly` is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST`, `pStages` must include tessellation shader stages

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00738
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and `pStages` includes a geometry shader stage, and does not include any tessellation shader stages, its shader code must contain an `OpExecutionMode` instruction specifying an input primitive type that is compatible with the primitive topology specified in `pInputAssembly`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00739
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and `pStages` includes a geometry shader stage, and also includes tessellation shader stages, its shader code must contain an `OpExecutionMode` instruction specifying an input primitive type that is compatible with the primitive topology that is output by the tessellation stages

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00740
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and fragment shader state, it includes both a fragment shader and a geometry shader, and the fragment shader code reads from an input variable that is decorated with `PrimitiveId`, then the geometry shader code must write to a matching output variable, decorated with `PrimitiveId`, in all execution paths

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06038
  If `renderPass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE and the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state the fragment shader must not read from any input attachment that is defined as `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED` in `subpass`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-00742
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and multiple pre-rasterization shader stages are included in `pStages`, the shader code for the entry points identified by those `pStages` and the rest of the state identified by this structure must adhere to the pipeline linking rules described in the Shader Interfaces chapter

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-None-04889
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state and fragment shader state, the fragment shader and last pre-rasterization shader stage and any relevant state must adhere to the pipeline linking rules described in the Shader Interfaces chapter

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06039
  If `renderPass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state, and `subpass` uses a depth/stencil attachment in `renderPass` with a read-only layout for the depth aspect in the VkAttachmentReference defined by `subpass`, the `depthWriteEnable` member of `pDepthStencilState` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06040
  If `renderPass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state, and `subpass` uses a depth/stencil attachment in `renderPass` with a read-only layout for the stencil aspect in the VkAttachmentReference defined by `subpass`, the `failOp`, `passOp` and `depthFailOp` members of each of the `front` and `back` members of `pDepthStencilState` must be `VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06041
  If `renderPass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the pipeline is being created with fragment output interface state, then for each color attachment in the subpass, if the potential format features of the format of the corresponding attachment description do not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`, then the `blendEnable` member of the corresponding element of the `pAttachments` member of `pColorBlendState` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06042
  If `renderPass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the pipeline is being created with fragment output interface state, and the subpass uses color attachments, the `attachmentCount` member of `pColorBlendState` must be equal to the `colorAttachmentCount` used to create `subpass`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-04130
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and no element of the `pDynamicStates` member of `pDynamicState` is `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT` or `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT`, the `pViewports` member of `pViewportState` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pViewportState->viewportCount` valid `VkViewport` structures

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-04131
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and no element of the `pDynamicStates` member of `pDynamicState` is `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR` or `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT`, the `pScissors` member of `pViewportState` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pViewportState->scissorCount` `VkRect2D` structures

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-00749
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and the wide lines feature is not enabled, and no element of the `pDynamicStates` member of `pDynamicState` is `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH`, the `lineWidth` member of `pRasterizationState` must be `1.0`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-rasterizerDiscardEnable-00750
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and the `rasterizerDiscardEnable` member of `pRasterizationState` is `VK_FALSE`, `pViewportState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pViewportState-04892
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and the graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled, `pViewportState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-rasterizerDiscardEnable-00751
  If the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state, `pMultisampleState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06043
  If `renderPass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state, and `subpass` uses a depth/stencil attachment, `pDepthStencilState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06044
  If `renderPass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the pipeline is being created with fragment output interface state, and `subpass` uses color attachments, `pColorBlendState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-00754
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, the depth bias clamping feature is not enabled, no element of the `pDynamicStates` member of `pDynamicState` is `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS`, and the `depthBiasEnable` member of `pRasterizationState` is `VK_TRUE`, the `depthBiasClamp` member of `pRasterizationState` must be `0.0`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-00755
  If the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state, and no element of the `pDynamicStates` member of `pDynamicState` is `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS`, and the `depthBoundsTestEnable` member of `pDepthStencilState` is `VK_TRUE`, the `minDepthBounds` and `maxDepthBounds` members of `pDepthStencilState` must be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-layout-00756
  `layout` must be consistent with all shaders specified in `pStages`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-subpass-00757
  If the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state, and neither the ``VK_AMD_mixed_attachment_samples`` nor the ``VK_NV_framebuffer_mixed_samples`` extensions are enabled, and if `subpass` uses color and/or depth/stencil attachments, then the `rasterizationSamples` member of `pMultisampleState` must be the same as the sample count for those subpass attachments

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-subpass-00758
  If the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state and `subpass` does not use any color and/or depth/stencil attachments, then the `rasterizationSamples` member of `pMultisampleState` must follow the rules for a zero-attachment subpass

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06046
  If `renderPass` is a valid renderPass, `subpass` must be a valid subpass within `renderPass`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06047
  If `renderPass` is a valid renderPass, the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and the `renderPass` has multiview enabled and `subpass` has more than one bit set in the view mask and `multiviewTessellationShader` is not enabled, then `pStages` must not include tessellation shaders

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06048
  If `renderPass` is a valid renderPass, the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and the `renderPass` has multiview enabled and `subpass` has more than one bit set in the view mask and `multiviewGeometryShader` is not enabled, then `pStages` must not include a geometry shader

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06049
  If `renderPass` is a valid renderPass, the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and the `renderPass` has multiview enabled and `subpass` has more than one bit set in the view mask, shaders in the pipeline must not write to the `Layer` built-in output

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06050
  If `renderPass` is a valid renderPass and the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and the `renderPass` has multiview enabled, then all shaders must not include variables decorated with the `Layer` built-in decoration in their interfaces

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-flags-00764
  `flags` must not contain the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DISPATCH_BASE` flag

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-01565
  If the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state and an input attachment was referenced by an `aspectMask` at `renderPass` creation time, the fragment shader must only read from the aspects that were specified for that input attachment

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-layout-01688
  The number of resources in `layout` accessible to each shader stage that is used by the pipeline must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPerStageResources`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-02097
  If the pipeline is being created with vertex input state, `pVertexInputState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-02098
  If the pipeline is being created with vertex input state, `pInputAssemblyState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-03379
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` is included in the `pDynamicStates` array then `viewportCount` must be zero

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-03380
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` is included in the `pDynamicStates` array then `scissorCount` must be zero

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-04132
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` is included in the `pDynamicStates` array then `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT` must not be present

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-04133
  If the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` is included in the `pDynamicStates` array then `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR` must not be present

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-04869
  If the extendedDynamicState2LogicOp feature is not enabled, there must be no element of the `pDynamicStates` member of `pDynamicState` set to `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_EXT`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-04870
  If the extendedDynamicState2PatchControlPoints feature is not enabled, there must be no element of the `pDynamicStates` member of `pDynamicState` set to `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PATCH_CONTROL_POINTS_EXT`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pipelineCreationCacheControl-02878
  If the `pipelineCreationCacheControl` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not include `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_FAIL_ON_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_EARLY_RETURN_ON_FAILURE_BIT`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-None-04893
  The pipeline must be created with a complete set of state

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-dynamicRendering-06052
  If the `dynamicRendering` feature is not enabled, `renderPass` must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06053
  If `renderPass` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state, and either of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::depthAttachmentFormat or VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::stencilAttachmentFormat are not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, `pDepthStencilState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06054
  If `renderPass` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the pipeline is being created with fragment output interface state, and VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::colorAttachmentCount is not equal to `0`, `pColorBlendState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06055
  If `renderPass` is VK_NULL_HANDLE and the pipeline is being created with fragment output interface state, `pColorBlendState->attachmentCount` must be equal to VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::colorAttachmentCount

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06056
  If `renderPass` is VK_NULL_HANDLE and the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state the fragment shader must not read from any input attachment

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06057
  If `renderPass` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, the `viewMask` member of a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain is not `0`, and the `multiviewTessellationShader` feature is not enabled, then `pStages` must not include tessellation shaders

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06058
  If `renderPass` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, the `viewMask` member of a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain is not `0`, and the `multiviewGeometryShader` feature is not enabled, then `pStages` must not include a geometry shader

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06059
  If `renderPass` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the pipeline is being created with pre-rasterization shader state, and the `viewMask` member of a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain is not `0`, shaders in `pStages` must not include variables decorated with the `Layer` built-in decoration in their interfaces

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06060
  If the pipeline is being created with fragment output interface state and `renderPass` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pColorBlendState->attachmentCount` must be equal to the `colorAttachmentCount` member of the VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06061
  If the pipeline is being created with fragment shader state and `renderPass` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, fragment shaders in `pStages` must not include the `InputAttachment` capability

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-06062
  If the pipeline is being created with fragment output interface state and `renderPass` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, for each color attachment format defined by the `pColorAttachmentFormats` member of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo, if its potential format features do not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`, then the `blendEnable` member of the corresponding element of the `pAttachments` member of `pColorBlendState` must be `VK_FALSE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo or VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pStages-parameter
  `pStages` must be a valid pointer to an array of `stageCount` valid VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo structures

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pRasterizationState-parameter
  `pRasterizationState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-pDynamicState-parameter
  If `pDynamicState` is not `NULL`, `pDynamicState` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-layout-parameter
  `layout` must be a valid VkPipelineLayout handle

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-renderPass-parameter
  If `renderPass` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `renderPass` must be a valid VkRenderPass handle

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-stageCount-arraylength
  `stageCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo-commonparent
  Each of `basePipelineHandle`, `layout`, and `renderPass` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           viewMask;
        uint32_t           colorAttachmentCount;
        const VkFormat*    pColorAttachmentFormats;
        VkFormat           depthAttachmentFormat;
        VkFormat           stencilAttachmentFormat;
    } VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `viewMask` is the viewMask used for rendering.

- `colorAttachmentCount` is the number of entries in `pColorAttachmentFormats`

- `pColorAttachmentFormats` is a pointer to an array of VkFormat values defining the format of color attachments used in this pipeline.

- `depthAttachmentFormat` is a VkFormat value defining the format of the depth attachment used in this pipeline.

- `stencilAttachmentFormat` is a VkFormat value defining the format of the stencil attachment used in this pipeline.

When a pipeline is created without a VkRenderPass, if this structure is present in the `pNext` chain of VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo, it specifies the view mask and format of attachments used for rendering. If this structure is not specified, and the pipeline does not include a VkRenderPass, `viewMask` and `colorAttachmentCount` are `0`, and `depthAttachmentFormat` and `stencilAttachmentFormat` are `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`. If a graphics pipeline is created with a valid VkRenderPass, parameters of this structure are ignored.

If `depthAttachmentFormat`, `stencilAttachmentFormat`, or any element of `pColorAttachmentFormats` is `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it indicates that the corresponding attachment is unused within the render pass. Valid formats indicate that an attachment can be used - but it is still valid to set the attachment to `NULL` when beginning rendering.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-pColorAttachmentFormats-06064
  If any element of `pColorAttachmentFormats` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it must be a format with potential format features that include `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-depthAttachmentFormat-06544
  If `depthAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it must be a format that includes a depth aspect

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-stencilAttachmentFormat-06545
  If `stencilAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it must be a format that includes a stencil aspect

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-depthAttachmentFormat-06065
  If `depthAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it must be a format with potential format features that include `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-stencilAttachmentFormat-06164
  If `stencilAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, it must be a format with potential format features that include `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-depthAttachmentFormat-06165
  If `depthAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED` and `stencilAttachmentFormat` is not `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`, `depthAttachmentFormat` must equal `stencilAttachmentFormat`

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-multiview-06066
  If the `multiview` feature is not enabled, `viewMask` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-viewMask-06067
  The index of the most significant bit in `viewMask` must be less than `maxMultiviewViewCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RENDERING_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-pColorAttachmentFormats-parameter
  If `colorAttachmentCount` is not `0`, `pColorAttachmentFormats` must be a valid pointer to an array of `colorAttachmentCount` valid VkFormat values

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-depthAttachmentFormat-parameter
  `depthAttachmentFormat` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo-stencilAttachmentFormat-parameter
  `stencilAttachmentFormat` must be a valid VkFormat value

Bits which can be set in * VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::`flags` * VkComputePipelineCreateInfo::`flags` specify how a pipeline is created, and are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkPipelineCreateFlagBits {
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DISABLE_OPTIMIZATION_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_ALLOW_DERIVATIVES_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT = 0x00000004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_VIEW_INDEX_FROM_DEVICE_INDEX_BIT = 0x00000008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DISPATCH_BASE_BIT = 0x00000010,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_FAIL_ON_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED_BIT = 0x00000100,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_EARLY_RETURN_ON_FAILURE_BIT = 0x00000200,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DISPATCH_BASE = VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DISPATCH_BASE_BIT,
    } VkPipelineCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DISABLE_OPTIMIZATION_BIT` specifies that the created pipeline will not be optimized. Using this flag may reduce the time taken to create the pipeline.

- `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_ALLOW_DERIVATIVES_BIT` specifies that the pipeline to be created is allowed to be the parent of a pipeline that will be created in a subsequent pipeline creation call.

- `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` specifies that the pipeline to be created will be a child of a previously created parent pipeline.

- `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_VIEW_INDEX_FROM_DEVICE_INDEX_BIT` specifies that any shader input variables decorated as `ViewIndex` will be assigned values as if they were decorated as `DeviceIndex`.

- `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DISPATCH_BASE` specifies that a compute pipeline can be used with vkCmdDispatchBase with a non-zero base workgroup.

- `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_FAIL_ON_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED_BIT` specifies that pipeline creation will fail if a compile is required for creation of a valid VkPipeline object; `VK_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED` will be returned by pipeline creation, and the VkPipeline will be set to VK_NULL_HANDLE.

- When creating multiple pipelines, `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_EARLY_RETURN_ON_FAILURE_BIT` specifies that control will be returned to the application on failure of the corresponding pipeline rather than continuing to create additional pipelines.

It is valid to set both `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_ALLOW_DERIVATIVES_BIT` and `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT`. This allows a pipeline to be both a parent and possibly a child in a pipeline hierarchy. See Pipeline Derivatives for more information.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkPipelineCreateFlagBits.

The `VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                      sType;
        const void*                          pNext;
        VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateFlags    flags;
        uint32_t                             dynamicStateCount;
        const VkDynamicState*                pDynamicStates;
    } VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `dynamicStateCount` is the number of elements in the `pDynamicStates` array.

- `pDynamicStates` is a pointer to an array of VkDynamicState values specifying which pieces of pipeline state will use the values from dynamic state commands rather than from pipeline state creation information.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-01442
  Each element of `pDynamicStates` must be unique

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo-pDynamicStates-parameter
  If `dynamicStateCount` is not `0`, `pDynamicStates` must be a valid pointer to an array of `dynamicStateCount` valid VkDynamicState values

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The source of different pieces of dynamic state is specified by the VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates` property of the currently active pipeline, each of whose elements must be one of the values:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkDynamicState {
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT = 0,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR = 1,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH = 2,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS = 3,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_BLEND_CONSTANTS = 4,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS = 5,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_COMPARE_MASK = 6,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_WRITE_MASK = 7,
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_REFERENCE = 8,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_CULL_MODE = 1000267000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_FRONT_FACE = 1000267001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY = 1000267002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT = 1000267003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT = 1000267004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE = 1000267005,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_TEST_ENABLE = 1000267006,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_WRITE_ENABLE = 1000267007,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_COMPARE_OP = 1000267008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS_TEST_ENABLE = 1000267009,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_TEST_ENABLE = 1000267010,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_OP = 1000267011,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE = 1000377001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS_ENABLE = 1000377002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_RESTART_ENABLE = 1000377004,
    } VkDynamicState;

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT` specifies that the `pViewports` state in VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetViewport before any drawing commands. The number of viewports used by a pipeline is still specified by the `viewportCount` member of VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR` specifies that the `pScissors` state in VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetScissor before any drawing commands. The number of scissor rectangles used by a pipeline is still specified by the `scissorCount` member of VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH` specifies that the `lineWidth` state in VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetLineWidth before any drawing commands that generate line primitives for the rasterizer.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS` specifies that the `depthBiasConstantFactor`, `depthBiasClamp` and `depthBiasSlopeFactor` states in VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetDepthBias before any draws are performed with `depthBiasEnable` in VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo set to `VK_TRUE`.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_BLEND_CONSTANTS` specifies that the `blendConstants` state in VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetBlendConstants before any draws are performed with a pipeline state with `VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState` member `blendEnable` set to `VK_TRUE` and any of the blend functions using a constant blend color.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS` specifies that the `minDepthBounds` and `maxDepthBounds` states of VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetDepthBounds before any draws are performed with a pipeline state with VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo member `depthBoundsTestEnable` set to `VK_TRUE`.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_COMPARE_MASK` specifies that the `compareMask` state in VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo for both `front` and `back` will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask before any draws are performed with a pipeline state with VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo member `stencilTestEnable` set to `VK_TRUE`

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_WRITE_MASK` specifies that the `writeMask` state in VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo for both `front` and `back` will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask before any draws are performed with a pipeline state with VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo member `stencilTestEnable` set to `VK_TRUE`

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_REFERENCE` specifies that the `reference` state in VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo for both `front` and `back` will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetStencilReference before any draws are performed with a pipeline state with VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo member `stencilTestEnable` set to `VK_TRUE`

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_CULL_MODE` specifies that the `cullMode` state in VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetCullMode before any drawing commands.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_FRONT_FACE` specifies that the `frontFace` state in VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetFrontFace before any drawing commands.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY` specifies that the `topology` state in VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo only specifies the topology class, and the specific topology order and adjacency must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopology before any drawing commands.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` specifies that the `viewportCount` and `pViewports` state in VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetViewportWithCount before any draw call.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` specifies that the `scissorCount` and `pScissors` state in VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetScissorWithCount before any draw call.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE` specifies that the `stride` state in VkVertexInputBindingDescription will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2 before any draw call.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_TEST_ENABLE` specifies that the `depthTestEnable` state in VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetDepthTestEnable before any draw call.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_WRITE_ENABLE` specifies that the `depthWriteEnable` state in VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnable before any draw call.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_COMPARE_OP` specifies that the `depthCompareOp` state in VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetDepthCompareOp before any draw call.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS_TEST_ENABLE` specifies that the `depthBoundsTestEnable` state in VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnable before any draw call.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_TEST_ENABLE` specifies that the `stencilTestEnable` state in VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetStencilTestEnable before any draw call.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_OP` specifies that the `failOp`, `passOp`, `depthFailOp`, and `compareOp` states in `VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo` for both `front` and `back` will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetStencilOp before any draws are performed with a pipeline state with `VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo` member `stencilTestEnable` set to `VK_TRUE`

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PATCH_CONTROL_POINTS_EXT` specifies that the `patchControlPoints` state in VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with `vkCmdSetPatchControlPointsEXT` before any drawing commands.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE` specifies that the `rasterizerDiscardEnable` state in VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable before any drawing commands.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS_ENABLE` specifies that the `depthBiasEnable` state in VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable before any drawing commands.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_EXT` specifies that the `logicOp` state in VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with `vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT` before any drawing commands.

- `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_RESTART_ENABLE` specifies that the `primitiveRestartEnable` state in VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo will be ignored and must be set dynamically with vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnable before any drawing commands.

### 10.3. Pipeline Destruction

To destroy a pipeline, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyPipeline(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkPipeline                                  pipeline,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the pipeline.

- `pipeline` is the handle of the pipeline to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyPipeline-pipeline-00765
  All submitted commands that refer to `pipeline` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyPipeline-pipeline-00766
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `pipeline` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyPipeline-pipeline-00767
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `pipeline` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyPipeline-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyPipeline-pipeline-parameter
  If `pipeline` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pipeline` must be a valid VkPipeline handle

- VUID-vkDestroyPipeline-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyPipeline-pipeline-parent
  If `pipeline` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `pipeline` must be externally synchronized

### 10.4. Multiple Pipeline Creation

Multiple pipelines can be created simultaneously by passing an array of VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo, or VkComputePipelineCreateInfo structures into the vkCreateGraphicsPipelines, and vkCreateComputePipelines commands, respectively. Applications can group together similar pipelines to be created in a single call, and implementations are encouraged to look for reuse opportunities within a group-create.

When an application attempts to create many pipelines in a single command, it is possible that some subset may fail creation. In that case, the corresponding entries in the `pPipelines` output array will be filled with VK_NULL_HANDLE values. If any pipeline fails creation despite valid arguments (for example, due to out of memory errors), the VkResult code returned by `vkCreate*Pipelines` will indicate why. The implementation will attempt to create all pipelines, and only return VK_NULL_HANDLE values for those that actually failed.

If creation fails for a pipeline that had `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_EARLY_RETURN_ON_FAILURE_BIT` set, pipelines at an index in the `pPipelines` array greater than or equal to that of the failing pipeline must be set to VK_NULL_HANDLE.

### 10.5. Pipeline Derivatives

A pipeline derivative is a child pipeline created from a parent pipeline, where the child and parent are expected to have much commonality. The goal of derivative pipelines is that they be cheaper to create using the parent as a starting point, and that it be more efficient (on either host or device) to switch/bind between children of the same parent.

A derivative pipeline is created by setting the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DERIVATIVE_BIT` flag in the `Vk*PipelineCreateInfo` structure. If this is set, then exactly one of `basePipelineHandle` or `basePipelineIndex` members of the structure must have a valid handle/index, and specifies the parent pipeline. If `basePipelineHandle` is used, the parent pipeline must have already been created. If `basePipelineIndex` is used, then the parent is being created in the same command. VK_NULL_HANDLE acts as the invalid handle for `basePipelineHandle`, and -1 is the invalid index for `basePipelineIndex`. If `basePipelineIndex` is used, the base pipeline must appear earlier in the array. The base pipeline must have been created with the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_ALLOW_DERIVATIVES_BIT` flag set.

### 10.6. Pipeline Cache

Pipeline cache objects allow the result of pipeline construction to be reused between pipelines and between runs of an application. Reuse between pipelines is achieved by passing the same pipeline cache object when creating multiple related pipelines. Reuse across runs of an application is achieved by retrieving pipeline cache contents in one run of an application, saving the contents, and using them to preinitialize a pipeline cache on a subsequent run. The contents of the pipeline cache objects are managed by the implementation. Applications can manage the host memory consumed by a pipeline cache object and control the amount of data retrieved from a pipeline cache object.

Pipeline cache objects are represented by `VkPipelineCache` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkPipelineCache)

#### 10.6.1. Creating a Pipeline Cache

To create pipeline cache objects, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreatePipelineCache(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo*            pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkPipelineCache*                            pPipelineCache);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the pipeline cache object.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo structure containing initial parameters for the pipeline cache object.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pPipelineCache` is a pointer to a VkPipelineCache handle in which the resulting pipeline cache object is returned.

| Note Applications can track and manage the total host memory size of a pipeline cache object using the `pAllocator`. Applications can limit the amount of data retrieved from a pipeline cache object in `vkGetPipelineCacheData`. Implementations should not internally limit the total number of entries added to a pipeline cache object or the total host memory consumed.

Once created, a pipeline cache can be passed to the vkCreateGraphicsPipelines and vkCreateComputePipelines commands. If the pipeline cache passed into these commands is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the implementation will query it for possible reuse opportunities and update it with new content. The use of the pipeline cache object in these commands is internally synchronized, and the same pipeline cache object can be used in multiple threads simultaneously.

If `flags` of `pCreateInfo` includes `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT`, all commands that modify the returned pipeline cache object must be externally synchronized.

| Note Implementations should make every effort to limit any critical sections to the actual accesses to the cache, which is expected to be significantly shorter than the duration of the `vkCreate*Pipelines` commands.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreatePipelineCache-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreatePipelineCache-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreatePipelineCache-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreatePipelineCache-pPipelineCache-parameter
  `pPipelineCache` must be a valid pointer to a VkPipelineCache handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType               sType;
        const void*                   pNext;
        VkPipelineCacheCreateFlags    flags;
        size_t                        initialDataSize;
        const void*                   pInitialData;
    } VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkPipelineCacheCreateFlagBits specifying the behavior of the pipeline cache.

- `initialDataSize` is the number of bytes in `pInitialData`. If `initialDataSize` is zero, the pipeline cache will initially be empty.

- `pInitialData` is a pointer to previously retrieved pipeline cache data. If the pipeline cache data is incompatible (as defined below) with the device, the pipeline cache will be initially empty. If `initialDataSize` is zero, `pInitialData` is ignored.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo-initialDataSize-00768
  If `initialDataSize` is not `0`, it must be equal to the size of `pInitialData`, as returned by `vkGetPipelineCacheData` when `pInitialData` was originally retrieved

- VUID-VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo-initialDataSize-00769
  If `initialDataSize` is not `0`, `pInitialData` must have been retrieved from a previous call to `vkGetPipelineCacheData`

- VUID-VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo-pipelineCreationCacheControl-02892
  If the `pipelineCreationCacheControl` feature is not enabled, `flags` must not include `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineCacheCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo-pInitialData-parameter
  If `initialDataSize` is not `0`, `pInitialData` must be a valid pointer to an array of `initialDataSize` bytes

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineCacheCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineCacheCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkPipelineCacheCreateFlagBits.

Bits which can be set in VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying behavior of the pipeline cache, are:

    typedef enum VkPipelineCacheCreateFlagBits {
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkPipelineCacheCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT` specifies that all commands that modify the created VkPipelineCache will be externally synchronized. When set, the implementation may skip any unnecessary processing needed to support simultaneous modification from multiple threads where allowed.

#### 10.6.2. Merging Pipeline Caches

Pipeline cache objects can be merged using the command:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkMergePipelineCaches(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkPipelineCache                             dstCache,
        uint32_t                                    srcCacheCount,
        const VkPipelineCache*                      pSrcCaches);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the pipeline cache objects.

- `dstCache` is the handle of the pipeline cache to merge results into.

- `srcCacheCount` is the length of the `pSrcCaches` array.

- `pSrcCaches` is a pointer to an array of pipeline cache handles, which will be merged into `dstCache`. The previous contents of `dstCache` are included after the merge.

| Note The details of the merge operation are implementation-dependent, but implementations should merge the contents of the specified pipelines and prune duplicate entries.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkMergePipelineCaches-dstCache-00770
  `dstCache` must not appear in the list of source caches

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkMergePipelineCaches-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkMergePipelineCaches-dstCache-parameter
  `dstCache` must be a valid VkPipelineCache handle

- VUID-vkMergePipelineCaches-pSrcCaches-parameter
  `pSrcCaches` must be a valid pointer to an array of `srcCacheCount` valid VkPipelineCache handles

- VUID-vkMergePipelineCaches-srcCacheCount-arraylength
  `srcCacheCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkMergePipelineCaches-dstCache-parent
  `dstCache` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

- VUID-vkMergePipelineCaches-pSrcCaches-parent
  Each element of `pSrcCaches` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `dstCache` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

#### 10.6.3. Retrieving Pipeline Cache Data

Data can be retrieved from a pipeline cache object using the command:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkGetPipelineCacheData(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkPipelineCache                             pipelineCache,
        size_t*                                     pDataSize,
        void*                                       pData);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the pipeline cache.

- `pipelineCache` is the pipeline cache to retrieve data from.

- `pDataSize` is a pointer to a `size_t` value related to the amount of data in the pipeline cache, as described below.

- `pData` is either `NULL` or a pointer to a buffer.

If `pData` is `NULL`, then the maximum size of the data that can be retrieved from the pipeline cache, in bytes, is returned in `pDataSize`. Otherwise, `pDataSize` must point to a variable set by the user to the size of the buffer, in bytes, pointed to by `pData`, and on return the variable is overwritten with the amount of data actually written to `pData`. If `pDataSize` is less than the maximum size that can be retrieved by the pipeline cache, at most `pDataSize` bytes will be written to `pData`, and `VK_INCOMPLETE` will be returned instead of `VK_SUCCESS`, to indicate that not all of the pipeline cache was returned.

Any data written to `pData` is valid and can be provided as the `pInitialData` member of the VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo structure passed to `vkCreatePipelineCache`.

Two calls to `vkGetPipelineCacheData` with the same parameters must retrieve the same data unless a command that modifies the contents of the cache is called between them.

The initial bytes written to `pData` must be a header as described in the Pipeline Cache Header section.

If `pDataSize` is less than what is necessary to store this header, nothing will be written to `pData` and zero will be written to `pDataSize`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPipelineCacheData-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPipelineCacheData-pipelineCache-parameter
  `pipelineCache` must be a valid VkPipelineCache handle

- VUID-vkGetPipelineCacheData-pDataSize-parameter
  `pDataSize` must be a valid pointer to a `size_t` value

- VUID-vkGetPipelineCacheData-pData-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pDataSize` is not `0`, and `pData` is not `NULL`, `pData` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pDataSize` bytes

- VUID-vkGetPipelineCacheData-pipelineCache-parent
  `pipelineCache` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_INCOMPLETE`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

#### 10.6.4. Pipeline Cache Header

Applications can store the data retrieved from the pipeline cache, and use these data, possibly in a future run of the application, to populate new pipeline cache objects. The results of pipeline compiles, however, may depend on the vendor ID, device ID, driver version, and other details of the device. To enable applications to detect when previously retrieved data is incompatible with the device, the pipeline cache data must begin with a valid pipeline cache header.

Version one of the pipeline cache header is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersionOne {
        uint32_t                        headerSize;
        VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersion    headerVersion;
        uint32_t                        vendorID;
        uint32_t                        deviceID;
        uint8_t                         pipelineCacheUUID[VK_UUID_SIZE];
    } VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersionOne;

- `headerSize` is the length in bytes of the pipeline cache header.

- `headerVersion` is a VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersion enum value specifying the version of the header. A consumer of the pipeline cache should use the cache version to interpret the remainder of the cache header.

- `vendorID` is the `VkPhysicalDeviceProperties`::`vendorID` of the implementation.

- `deviceID` is the `VkPhysicalDeviceProperties`::`deviceID` of the implementation.

- `pipelineCacheUUID` is the `VkPhysicalDeviceProperties`::`pipelineCacheUUID` of the implementation.

Unlike most structures declared by the Vulkan API, all fields of this structure are written with the least significant byte first, regardless of host byte-order.

The C language specification does not define the packing of structure members. This layout assumes tight structure member packing, with members laid out in the order listed in the structure, and the intended size of the structure is 32 bytes. If a compiler produces code that diverges from that pattern, applications must employ another method to set values at the correct offsets.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersionOne-headerSize-04967
  `headerSize` must be 32

- VUID-VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersionOne-headerVersion-04968
  `headerVersion` must be `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_HEADER_VERSION_ONE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersionOne-headerVersion-parameter
  `headerVersion` must be a valid VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersion value

Possible values of the `headerVersion` value of the pipeline cache header are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersion {
        VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_HEADER_VERSION_ONE = 1,
    } VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersion;

- `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_HEADER_VERSION_ONE` specifies version one of the pipeline cache.

#### 10.6.5. Destroying a Pipeline Cache

To destroy a pipeline cache, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyPipelineCache(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkPipelineCache                             pipelineCache,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the pipeline cache object.

- `pipelineCache` is the handle of the pipeline cache to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineCache-pipelineCache-00771
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `pipelineCache` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineCache-pipelineCache-00772
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `pipelineCache` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineCache-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineCache-pipelineCache-parameter
  If `pipelineCache` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pipelineCache` must be a valid VkPipelineCache handle

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineCache-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineCache-pipelineCache-parent
  If `pipelineCache` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `pipelineCache` must be externally synchronized

### 10.7. Specialization Constants

Specialization constants are a mechanism whereby constants in a SPIR-V module can have their constant value specified at the time the `VkPipeline` is created. This allows a SPIR-V module to have constants that can be modified while executing an application that uses the Vulkan API.

| Note Specialization constants are useful to allow a compute shader to have its local workgroup size changed at runtime by the user, for example.

Each VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo structure contains a `pSpecializationInfo` member, which can be `NULL` to indicate no specialization constants, or point to a `VkSpecializationInfo` structure.

The `VkSpecializationInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSpecializationInfo {
        uint32_t                           mapEntryCount;
        const VkSpecializationMapEntry*    pMapEntries;
        size_t                             dataSize;
        const void*                        pData;
    } VkSpecializationInfo;

- `mapEntryCount` is the number of entries in the `pMapEntries` array.

- `pMapEntries` is a pointer to an array of `VkSpecializationMapEntry` structures which map constant IDs to offsets in `pData`.

- `dataSize` is the byte size of the `pData` buffer.

- `pData` contains the actual constant values to specialize with.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSpecializationInfo-offset-00773
  The `offset` member of each element of `pMapEntries` must be less than `dataSize`

- VUID-VkSpecializationInfo-pMapEntries-00774
  The `size` member of each element of `pMapEntries` must be less than or equal to `dataSize` minus `offset`

- VUID-VkSpecializationInfo-constantID-04911
  The `constantID` value of each element of `pMapEntries` must be unique within `pMapEntries`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSpecializationInfo-pMapEntries-parameter
  If `mapEntryCount` is not `0`, `pMapEntries` must be a valid pointer to an array of `mapEntryCount` valid VkSpecializationMapEntry structures

- VUID-VkSpecializationInfo-pData-parameter
  If `dataSize` is not `0`, `pData` must be a valid pointer to an array of `dataSize` bytes

The `VkSpecializationMapEntry` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSpecializationMapEntry {
        uint32_t    constantID;
        uint32_t    offset;
        size_t      size;
    } VkSpecializationMapEntry;

- `constantID` is the ID of the specialization constant in SPIR-V.

- `offset` is the byte offset of the specialization constant value within the supplied data buffer.

- `size` is the byte size of the specialization constant value within the supplied data buffer.

If a `constantID` value is not a specialization constant ID used in the shader, that map entry does not affect the behavior of the pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSpecializationMapEntry-constantID-00776
  For a `constantID` specialization constant declared in a shader, `size` must match the byte size of the `constantID`. If the specialization constant is of type `boolean`, `size` must be the byte size of `VkBool32`

In human readable SPIR-V:

    OpDecorate %x SpecId 13 ; decorate .x component of WorkgroupSize with ID 13
    OpDecorate %y SpecId 42 ; decorate .y component of WorkgroupSize with ID 42
    OpDecorate %z SpecId 3  ; decorate .z component of WorkgroupSize with ID 3
    OpDecorate %wgsize BuiltIn WorkgroupSize ; decorate WorkgroupSize onto constant
    %i32 = OpTypeInt 32 0 ; declare an unsigned 32-bit type
    %uvec3 = OpTypeVector %i32 3 ; declare a 3 element vector type of unsigned 32-bit
    %x = OpSpecConstant %i32 1 ; declare the .x component of WorkgroupSize
    %y = OpSpecConstant %i32 1 ; declare the .y component of WorkgroupSize
    %z = OpSpecConstant %i32 1 ; declare the .z component of WorkgroupSize
    %wgsize = OpSpecConstantComposite %uvec3 %x %y %z ; declare WorkgroupSize

From the above we have three specialization constants, one for each of the x, y & z elements of the WorkgroupSize vector.

Now to specialize the above via the specialization constants mechanism:

    const VkSpecializationMapEntry entries[] =
    {
        {
            13,                             // constantID
            0 * sizeof(uint32_t),           // offset
            sizeof(uint32_t)                // size
        },
        {
            42,                             // constantID
            1 * sizeof(uint32_t),           // offset
            sizeof(uint32_t)                // size
        },
        {
            3,                              // constantID
            2 * sizeof(uint32_t),           // offset
            sizeof(uint32_t)                // size
        }
    };

    const uint32_t data[] = { 16, 8, 4 }; // our workgroup size is 16x8x4

    const VkSpecializationInfo info =
    {
        3,                                  // mapEntryCount
        entries,                            // pMapEntries
        3 * sizeof(uint32_t),               // dataSize
        data,                               // pData
    };

Then when calling vkCreateComputePipelines, and passing the `VkSpecializationInfo` we defined as the `pSpecializationInfo` parameter of VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, we will create a compute pipeline with the runtime specified local workgroup size.

Another example would be that an application has a SPIR-V module that has some platform-dependent constants they wish to use.

In human readable SPIR-V:

    OpDecorate %1 SpecId 0  ; decorate our signed 32-bit integer constant
    OpDecorate %2 SpecId 12 ; decorate our 32-bit floating-point constant
    %i32 = OpTypeInt 32 1   ; declare a signed 32-bit type
    %float = OpTypeFloat 32 ; declare a 32-bit floating-point type
    %1 = OpSpecConstant %i32 -1 ; some signed 32-bit integer constant
    %2 = OpSpecConstant %float 0.5 ; some 32-bit floating-point constant

From the above we have two specialization constants, one is a signed 32-bit integer and the second is a 32-bit floating-point value.

Now to specialize the above via the specialization constants mechanism:

    struct SpecializationData {
        int32_t data0;
        float data1;
    };

    const VkSpecializationMapEntry entries[] =
    {
        {
            0,                                    // constantID
            offsetof(SpecializationData, data0),  // offset
            sizeof(SpecializationData::data0)     // size
        },
        {
            12,                                   // constantID
            offsetof(SpecializationData, data1),  // offset
            sizeof(SpecializationData::data1)     // size
        }
    };

    SpecializationData data;
    data.data0 = -42;    // set the data for the 32-bit integer
    data.data1 = 42.0f;  // set the data for the 32-bit floating-point

    const VkSpecializationInfo info =
    {
        2,                                  // mapEntryCount
        entries,                            // pMapEntries
        sizeof(data),                       // dataSize
        &data,                              // pData
    };

It is legal for a SPIR-V module with specializations to be compiled into a pipeline where no specialization information was provided. SPIR-V specialization constants contain default values such that if a specialization is not provided, the default value will be used. In the examples above, it would be valid for an application to only specialize some of the specialization constants within the SPIR-V module, and let the other constants use their default values encoded within the OpSpecConstant declarations.

### 10.8. Pipeline Binding

Once a pipeline has been created, it can be bound to the command buffer using the command:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdBindPipeline(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkPipelineBindPoint                         pipelineBindPoint,
        VkPipeline                                  pipeline);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer that the pipeline will be bound to.

- `pipelineBindPoint` is a VkPipelineBindPoint value specifying to which bind point the pipeline is bound. Binding one does not disturb the others.

- `pipeline` is the pipeline to be bound.

Once bound, a pipeline binding affects subsequent commands that interact with the given pipeline type in the command buffer until a different pipeline of the same type is bound to the bind point. Commands that do not interact with the given pipeline type must not be affected by the pipeline state.

- The pipeline bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE` controls the behavior of all dispatching commands.

- The pipeline bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS` controls the behavior of all drawing commands.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipelineBindPoint-00777
  If `pipelineBindPoint` is `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE`, the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipelineBindPoint-00778
  If `pipelineBindPoint` is `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`, the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipelineBindPoint-00779
  If `pipelineBindPoint` is `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE`, `pipeline` must be a compute pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipelineBindPoint-00780
  If `pipelineBindPoint` is `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`, `pipeline` must be a graphics pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipeline-00781
  If the variable multisample rate feature is not supported, `pipeline` is a graphics pipeline, the current subpass uses no attachments, and this is not the first call to this function with a graphics pipeline after transitioning to the current subpass, then the sample count specified by this pipeline must match that set in the previous pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipeline-06195
  If `pipeline` is a graphics pipeline, this command has been called inside a render pass instance started with vkCmdBeginRendering, and commands using the previously bound graphics pipeline have been recorded within the render pass instance, then the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` specified by this pipeline must match that set in the previous pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipeline-06196
  If `pipeline` is a graphics pipeline, this command has been called inside a render pass instance started with vkCmdBeginRendering, and commands using the previously bound graphics pipeline have been recorded within the render pass instance, then the elements of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`pColorAttachmentFormats` specified by this pipeline must match that set in the previous pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipeline-06197
  If `pipeline` is a graphics pipeline, this command has been called inside a render pass instance started with vkCmdBeginRendering, and commands using the previously bound graphics pipeline have been recorded within the render pass instance, then the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`depthAttachmentFormat` specified by this pipeline must match that set in the previous pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipeline-06194
  If `pipeline` is a graphics pipeline, this command has been called inside a render pass instance started with vkCmdBeginRendering, and commands using the previously bound graphics pipeline have been recorded within the render pass instance, then the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`stencilAttachmentFormat` specified by this pipeline must match that set in the previous pipeline

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipelineBindPoint-parameter
  `pipelineBindPoint` must be a valid VkPipelineBindPoint value

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-pipeline-parameter
  `pipeline` must be a valid VkPipeline handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindPipeline-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `pipeline` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics Compute

Possible values of vkCmdBindPipeline::`pipelineBindPoint`, specifying the bind point of a pipeline object, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkPipelineBindPoint {
        VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS = 0,
        VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE = 1,
    } VkPipelineBindPoint;

- `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE` specifies binding as a compute pipeline.

- `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS` specifies binding as a graphics pipeline.

### 10.9. Dynamic State

When a pipeline object is bound, any pipeline object state that is not specified as dynamic is applied to the command buffer state. Pipeline object state that is specified as dynamic is not applied to the command buffer state at this time. Instead, dynamic state can be modified at any time and persists for the lifetime of the command buffer, or until modified by another dynamic state setting command, or made invalid by another pipeline bind with that state specified as static.

When a pipeline object is bound, the following applies to each state parameter:

- If the state is not specified as dynamic in the new pipeline object, then that command buffer state is overwritten by the state in the new pipeline object. Before any draw or dispatch call with this pipeline there must not have been any calls to any of the corresponding dynamic state setting commands after this pipeline was bound.

- If the state is specified as dynamic in the new pipeline object, then that command buffer state is not disturbed. Before any draw or dispatch call with this pipeline there must have been at least one call to each of the corresponding dynamic state setting commands. The state-setting commands must be recorded after command buffer recording was begun, or after the last command binding a pipeline object with that state specified as static, whichever was the latter.

Dynamic state that does not affect the result of operations can be left undefined.

| Note For example, if blending is disabled by the pipeline object state then the dynamic color blend constants do not need to be specified in the command buffer, even if this state is specified as dynamic in the pipeline object.

### 10.10. Pipeline Creation Feedback

Feedback about the creation of a particular pipeline object can be obtained by adding a `VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo` structure to the `pNext` chain of VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo, or VkComputePipelineCreateInfo. The `VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                sType;
        const void*                    pNext;
        VkPipelineCreationFeedback*    pPipelineCreationFeedback;
        uint32_t                       pipelineStageCreationFeedbackCount;
        VkPipelineCreationFeedback*    pPipelineStageCreationFeedbacks;
    } VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `pPipelineCreationFeedback` is a pointer to a VkPipelineCreationFeedback structure.

- `pipelineStageCreationFeedbackCount` is the number of elements in `pPipelineStageCreationFeedbacks`.

- `pPipelineStageCreationFeedbacks` is a pointer to an array of `pipelineStageCreationFeedbackCount` VkPipelineCreationFeedback structures.

An implementation should write pipeline creation feedback to `pPipelineCreationFeedback` and may write pipeline stage creation feedback to `pPipelineStageCreationFeedbacks`. An implementation must set or clear the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_VALID_BIT` in VkPipelineCreationFeedback::`flags` for `pPipelineCreationFeedback` and every element of `pPipelineStageCreationFeedbacks`.

| Note One common scenario for an implementation to skip per-stage feedback is when `VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_APPLICATION_PIPELINE_CACHE_HIT_BIT` is set in `pPipelineCreationFeedback`.

When chained to VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo, the `i` element of `pPipelineStageCreationFeedbacks` corresponds to the `i` element of VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::`pStages`. When chained to VkComputePipelineCreateInfo, the first element of `pPipelineStageCreationFeedbacks` corresponds to VkComputePipelineCreateInfo::`stage`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo-pipelineStageCreationFeedbackCount-02668
  When chained to VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo, VkPipelineCreationFeedback::`pipelineStageCreationFeedbackCount` must equal VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::`stageCount`

- VUID-VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo-pipelineStageCreationFeedbackCount-02669
  When chained to VkComputePipelineCreateInfo, VkPipelineCreationFeedback::`pipelineStageCreationFeedbackCount` must equal 1

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo-pPipelineCreationFeedback-parameter
  `pPipelineCreationFeedback` must be a valid pointer to a VkPipelineCreationFeedback structure

- VUID-VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo-pPipelineStageCreationFeedbacks-parameter
  `pPipelineStageCreationFeedbacks` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pipelineStageCreationFeedbackCount` VkPipelineCreationFeedback structures

- VUID-VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo-pipelineStageCreationFeedbackCount-arraylength
  `pipelineStageCreationFeedbackCount` must be greater than `0`

The `VkPipelineCreationFeedback` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPipelineCreationFeedback {
        VkPipelineCreationFeedbackFlags    flags;
        uint64_t                           duration;
    } VkPipelineCreationFeedback;

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkPipelineCreationFeedbackFlagBits providing feedback about the creation of a pipeline or of a pipeline stage.

- `duration` is the duration spent creating a pipeline or pipeline stage in nanoseconds.

If the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_VALID_BIT` is not set in `flags`, an implementation must not set any other bits in `flags`, and the values of all other `VkPipelineCreationFeedback` data members are undefined.

Possible values of the `flags` member of VkPipelineCreationFeedback are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef enum VkPipelineCreationFeedbackFlagBits {
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_VALID_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_APPLICATION_PIPELINE_CACHE_HIT_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_BASE_PIPELINE_ACCELERATION_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_VALID_BIT_EXT = VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_VALID_BIT,
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_APPLICATION_PIPELINE_CACHE_HIT_BIT_EXT = VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_APPLICATION_PIPELINE_CACHE_HIT_BIT,
        VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_BASE_PIPELINE_ACCELERATION_BIT_EXT = VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_BASE_PIPELINE_ACCELERATION_BIT,
    } VkPipelineCreationFeedbackFlagBits;

- `VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_VALID_BIT` indicates that the feedback information is valid.

- `VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_APPLICATION_PIPELINE_CACHE_HIT_BIT` indicates that a readily usable pipeline or pipeline stage was found in the `pipelineCache` specified by the application in the pipeline creation command.

  An implementation should set the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_APPLICATION_PIPELINE_CACHE_HIT_BIT` bit if it was able to avoid the large majority of pipeline or pipeline stage creation work by using the `pipelineCache` parameter of vkCreateGraphicsPipelines, or vkCreateComputePipelines. When an implementation sets this bit for the entire pipeline, it may leave it unset for any stage.

  | Note Implementations are encouraged to provide a meaningful signal to applications using this bit. The intention is to communicate to the application that the pipeline or pipeline stage was created "as fast as it gets" using the pipeline cache provided by the application. If an implementation uses an internal cache, it is discouraged from setting this bit as the feedback would be unactionable.

- `VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_BASE_PIPELINE_ACCELERATION_BIT` indicates that the base pipeline specified by the `basePipelineHandle` or `basePipelineIndex` member of the `Vk*PipelineCreateInfo` structure was used to accelerate the creation of the pipeline.

  An implementation should set the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_BASE_PIPELINE_ACCELERATION_BIT` bit if it was able to avoid a significant amount of work by using the base pipeline.

  | Note While "significant amount of work" is subjective, implementations are encouraged to provide a meaningful signal to applications using this bit. For example, a 1% reduction in duration may not warrant setting this bit, while a 50% reduction would.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineCreationFeedbackFlags;

`VkPipelineCreationFeedbackFlags` is a bitmask type for providing zero or more VkPipelineCreationFeedbackFlagBits.

## 11. Memory Allocation

Vulkan memory is broken up into two categories, host memory and device memory.

### 11.1. Host Memory

Host memory is memory needed by the Vulkan implementation for non-device-visible storage.

| Note This memory may be used to store the implementation’s representation and state of Vulkan objects.

Vulkan provides applications the opportunity to perform host memory allocations on behalf of the Vulkan implementation. If this feature is not used, the implementation will perform its own memory allocations. Since most memory allocations are off the critical path, this is not meant as a performance feature. Rather, this can be useful for certain embedded systems, for debugging purposes (e.g. putting a guard page after all host allocations), or for memory allocation logging.

Allocators are provided by the application as a pointer to a `VkAllocationCallbacks` structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkAllocationCallbacks {
        void*                                   pUserData;
        PFN_vkAllocationFunction                pfnAllocation;
        PFN_vkReallocationFunction              pfnReallocation;
        PFN_vkFreeFunction                      pfnFree;
        PFN_vkInternalAllocationNotification    pfnInternalAllocation;
        PFN_vkInternalFreeNotification          pfnInternalFree;
    } VkAllocationCallbacks;

- `pUserData` is a value to be interpreted by the implementation of the callbacks. When any of the callbacks in `VkAllocationCallbacks` are called, the Vulkan implementation will pass this value as the first parameter to the callback. This value can vary each time an allocator is passed into a command, even when the same object takes an allocator in multiple commands.

- `pfnAllocation` is a PFN_vkAllocationFunction pointer to an application-defined memory allocation function.

- `pfnReallocation` is a PFN_vkReallocationFunction pointer to an application-defined memory reallocation function.

- `pfnFree` is a PFN_vkFreeFunction pointer to an application-defined memory free function.

- `pfnInternalAllocation` is a PFN_vkInternalAllocationNotification pointer to an application-defined function that is called by the implementation when the implementation makes internal allocations.

- `pfnInternalFree` is a PFN_vkInternalFreeNotification pointer to an application-defined function that is called by the implementation when the implementation frees internal allocations.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkAllocationCallbacks-pfnAllocation-00632
  `pfnAllocation` must be a valid pointer to a valid user-defined PFN_vkAllocationFunction

- VUID-VkAllocationCallbacks-pfnReallocation-00633
  `pfnReallocation` must be a valid pointer to a valid user-defined PFN_vkReallocationFunction

- VUID-VkAllocationCallbacks-pfnFree-00634
  `pfnFree` must be a valid pointer to a valid user-defined PFN_vkFreeFunction

- VUID-VkAllocationCallbacks-pfnInternalAllocation-00635
  If either of `pfnInternalAllocation` or `pfnInternalFree` is not `NULL`, both must be valid callbacks

The type of `pfnAllocation` is:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef void* (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vkAllocationFunction)(
        void*                                       pUserData,
        size_t                                      size,
        size_t                                      alignment,
        VkSystemAllocationScope                     allocationScope);

- `pUserData` is the value specified for VkAllocationCallbacks::`pUserData` in the allocator specified by the application.

- `size` is the size in bytes of the requested allocation.

- `alignment` is the requested alignment of the allocation in bytes and must be a power of two.

- `allocationScope` is a VkSystemAllocationScope value specifying the allocation scope of the lifetime of the allocation, as described here.

If `pfnAllocation` is unable to allocate the requested memory, it must return `NULL`. If the allocation was successful, it must return a valid pointer to memory allocation containing at least `size` bytes, and with the pointer value being a multiple of `alignment`.

| Note Correct Vulkan operation cannot be assumed if the application does not follow these rules. For example, `pfnAllocation` (or `pfnReallocation`) could cause termination of running Vulkan instance(s) on a failed allocation for debugging purposes, either directly or indirectly. In these circumstances, it cannot be assumed that any part of any affected VkInstance objects are going to operate correctly (even vkDestroyInstance), and the application must ensure it cleans up properly via other means (e.g. process termination).

If `pfnAllocation` returns `NULL`, and if the implementation is unable to continue correct processing of the current command without the requested allocation, it must treat this as a runtime error, and generate `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY` at the appropriate time for the command in which the condition was detected, as described in Return Codes.

If the implementation is able to continue correct processing of the current command without the requested allocation, then it may do so, and must not generate `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY` as a result of this failed allocation.

The type of `pfnReallocation` is:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef void* (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vkReallocationFunction)(
        void*                                       pUserData,
        void*                                       pOriginal,
        size_t                                      size,
        size_t                                      alignment,
        VkSystemAllocationScope                     allocationScope);

- `pUserData` is the value specified for VkAllocationCallbacks::`pUserData` in the allocator specified by the application.

- `pOriginal` must be either `NULL` or a pointer previously returned by `pfnReallocation` or `pfnAllocation` of a compatible allocator.

- `size` is the size in bytes of the requested allocation.

- `alignment` is the requested alignment of the allocation in bytes and must be a power of two.

- `allocationScope` is a VkSystemAllocationScope value specifying the allocation scope of the lifetime of the allocation, as described here.

`pfnReallocation` must return an allocation with enough space for `size` bytes, and the contents of the original allocation from bytes zero to min(original size, new size) - 1 must be preserved in the returned allocation. If `size` is larger than the old size, the contents of the additional space are undefined. If satisfying these requirements involves creating a new allocation, then the old allocation should be freed.

If `pOriginal` is `NULL`, then `pfnReallocation` must behave equivalently to a call to PFN_vkAllocationFunction with the same parameter values (without `pOriginal`).

If `size` is zero, then `pfnReallocation` must behave equivalently to a call to PFN_vkFreeFunction with the same `pUserData` parameter value, and `pMemory` equal to `pOriginal`.

If `pOriginal` is non-`NULL`, the implementation must ensure that `alignment` is equal to the `alignment` used to originally allocate `pOriginal`.

If this function fails and `pOriginal` is non-`NULL` the application must not free the old allocation.

`pfnReallocation` must follow the same rules for return values as `PFN_vkAllocationFunction`.

The type of `pfnFree` is:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef void (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vkFreeFunction)(
        void*                                       pUserData,
        void*                                       pMemory);

- `pUserData` is the value specified for VkAllocationCallbacks::`pUserData` in the allocator specified by the application.

- `pMemory` is the allocation to be freed.

`pMemory` may be `NULL`, which the callback must handle safely. If `pMemory` is non-`NULL`, it must be a pointer previously allocated by `pfnAllocation` or `pfnReallocation`. The application should free this memory.

The type of `pfnInternalAllocation` is:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef void (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vkInternalAllocationNotification)(
        void*                                       pUserData,
        size_t                                      size,
        VkInternalAllocationType                    allocationType,
        VkSystemAllocationScope                     allocationScope);

- `pUserData` is the value specified for VkAllocationCallbacks::`pUserData` in the allocator specified by the application.

- `size` is the requested size of an allocation.

- `allocationType` is a VkInternalAllocationType value specifying the requested type of an allocation.

- `allocationScope` is a VkSystemAllocationScope value specifying the allocation scope of the lifetime of the allocation, as described here.

This is a purely informational callback.

The type of `pfnInternalFree` is:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef void (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_vkInternalFreeNotification)(
        void*                                       pUserData,
        size_t                                      size,
        VkInternalAllocationType                    allocationType,
        VkSystemAllocationScope                     allocationScope);

- `pUserData` is the value specified for VkAllocationCallbacks::`pUserData` in the allocator specified by the application.

- `size` is the requested size of an allocation.

- `allocationType` is a VkInternalAllocationType value specifying the requested type of an allocation.

- `allocationScope` is a VkSystemAllocationScope value specifying the allocation scope of the lifetime of the allocation, as described here.

Each allocation has an allocation scope defining its lifetime and which object it is associated with. Possible values passed to the `allocationScope` parameter of the callback functions specified by VkAllocationCallbacks, indicating the allocation scope, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSystemAllocationScope {
        VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND = 0,
        VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_OBJECT = 1,
        VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_CACHE = 2,
        VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_DEVICE = 3,
        VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE = 4,
    } VkSystemAllocationScope;

- `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND` specifies that the allocation is scoped to the duration of the Vulkan command.

- `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_OBJECT` specifies that the allocation is scoped to the lifetime of the Vulkan object that is being created or used.

- `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_CACHE` specifies that the allocation is scoped to the lifetime of a `VkPipelineCache` object.

- `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_DEVICE` specifies that the allocation is scoped to the lifetime of the Vulkan device.

- `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE` specifies that the allocation is scoped to the lifetime of the Vulkan instance.

Most Vulkan commands operate on a single object, or there is a sole object that is being created or manipulated. When an allocation uses an allocation scope of `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_OBJECT` or `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_CACHE`, the allocation is scoped to the object being created or manipulated.

When an implementation requires host memory, it will make callbacks to the application using the most specific allocator and allocation scope available:

- If an allocation is scoped to the duration of a command, the allocator will use the `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_COMMAND` allocation scope. The most specific allocator available is used: if the object being created or manipulated has an allocator, that object’s allocator will be used, else if the parent `VkDevice` has an allocator it will be used, else if the parent `VkInstance` has an allocator it will be used. Else,

- If an allocation is associated with a `VkPipelineCache` object, the allocator will use the `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_CACHE` allocation scope. The most specific allocator available is used (cache, else device, else instance). Else,

- If an allocation is scoped to the lifetime of an object, that object is being created or manipulated by the command, and that object’s type is not `VkDevice` or `VkInstance`, the allocator will use an allocation scope of `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_OBJECT`. The most specific allocator available is used (object, else device, else instance). Else,

- If an allocation is scoped to the lifetime of a device, the allocator will use an allocation scope of `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_DEVICE`. The most specific allocator available is used (device, else instance). Else,

- If the allocation is scoped to the lifetime of an instance and the instance has an allocator, its allocator will be used with an allocation scope of `VK_SYSTEM_ALLOCATION_SCOPE_INSTANCE`.

- Otherwise an implementation will allocate memory through an alternative mechanism that is unspecified.

Objects that are allocated from pools do not specify their own allocator. When an implementation requires host memory for such an object, that memory is sourced from the object’s parent pool’s allocator.

The application is not expected to handle allocating memory that is intended for execution by the host due to the complexities of differing security implementations across multiple platforms. The implementation will allocate such memory internally and invoke an application provided informational callback when these internal allocations are allocated and freed. Upon allocation of executable memory, `pfnInternalAllocation` will be called. Upon freeing executable memory, `pfnInternalFree` will be called. An implementation will only call an informational callback for executable memory allocations and frees.

The `allocationType` parameter to the `pfnInternalAllocation` and `pfnInternalFree` functions may be one of the following values:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkInternalAllocationType {
        VK_INTERNAL_ALLOCATION_TYPE_EXECUTABLE = 0,
    } VkInternalAllocationType;

- `VK_INTERNAL_ALLOCATION_TYPE_EXECUTABLE` specifies that the allocation is intended for execution by the host.

An implementation must only make calls into an application-provided allocator during the execution of an API command. An implementation must only make calls into an application-provided allocator from the same thread that called the provoking API command. The implementation should not synchronize calls to any of the callbacks. If synchronization is needed, the callbacks must provide it themselves. The informational callbacks are subject to the same restrictions as the allocation callbacks.

If an implementation intends to make calls through a `VkAllocationCallbacks` structure between the time a `vkCreate*` command returns and the time a corresponding `vkDestroy*` command begins, that implementation must save a copy of the allocator before the `vkCreate*` command returns. The callback functions and any data structures they rely upon must remain valid for the lifetime of the object they are associated with.

If an allocator is provided to a `vkCreate*` command, a compatible allocator must be provided to the corresponding `vkDestroy*` command. Two `VkAllocationCallbacks` structures are compatible if memory allocated with `pfnAllocation` or `pfnReallocation` in each can be freed with `pfnReallocation` or `pfnFree` in the other. An allocator must not be provided to a `vkDestroy*` command if an allocator was not provided to the corresponding `vkCreate*` command.

If a non-`NULL` allocator is used, the `pfnAllocation`, `pfnReallocation` and `pfnFree` members must be non-`NULL` and point to valid implementations of the callbacks. An application can choose to not provide informational callbacks by setting both `pfnInternalAllocation` and `pfnInternalFree` to `NULL`. `pfnInternalAllocation` and `pfnInternalFree` must either both be `NULL` or both be non-`NULL`.

If `pfnAllocation` or `pfnReallocation` fail, the implementation may fail object creation and/or generate a `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY` error, as appropriate.

Allocation callbacks must not call any Vulkan commands.

The following sets of rules define when an implementation is permitted to call the allocator callbacks.

`pfnAllocation` or `pfnReallocation` may be called in the following situations:

- Allocations scoped to a `VkDevice` or `VkInstance` may be allocated from any API command.

- Allocations scoped to a command may be allocated from any API command.

- Allocations scoped to a `VkPipelineCache` may only be allocated from:

  - `vkCreatePipelineCache`

  - `vkMergePipelineCaches` for `dstCache`

  - `vkCreateGraphicsPipelines` for `pipelineCache`

  - `vkCreateComputePipelines` for `pipelineCache`

- Allocations scoped to a `VkDescriptorPool` may only be allocated from:

  - any command that takes the pool as a direct argument

  - `vkAllocateDescriptorSets` for the `descriptorPool` member of its `pAllocateInfo` parameter

  - `vkCreateDescriptorPool`

- Allocations scoped to a `VkCommandPool` may only be allocated from:

  - any command that takes the pool as a direct argument

  - `vkCreateCommandPool`

  - `vkAllocateCommandBuffers` for the `commandPool` member of its `pAllocateInfo` parameter

  - any `vkCmd*` command whose `commandBuffer` was allocated from that `VkCommandPool`

- Allocations scoped to any other object may only be allocated in that object’s `vkCreate*` command.

`pfnFree`, or `pfnReallocation` with zero `size`, may be called in the following situations:

- Allocations scoped to a `VkDevice` or `VkInstance` may be freed from any API command.

- Allocations scoped to a command must be freed by any API command which allocates such memory.

- Allocations scoped to a `VkPipelineCache` may be freed from `vkDestroyPipelineCache`.

- Allocations scoped to a `VkDescriptorPool` may be freed from

  - any command that takes the pool as a direct argument

- Allocations scoped to a `VkCommandPool` may be freed from:

  - any command that takes the pool as a direct argument

  - `vkResetCommandBuffer` whose `commandBuffer` was allocated from that `VkCommandPool`

- Allocations scoped to any other object may be freed in that object’s `vkDestroy*` command.

- Any command that allocates host memory may also free host memory of the same scope.

### 11.2. Device Memory

Device memory is memory that is visible to the device — for example the contents of the image or buffer objects, which can be natively used by the device.

#### 11.2.1. Device Memory Properties

Memory properties of a physical device describe the memory heaps and memory types available.

To query memory properties, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties*           pMemoryProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the handle to the device to query.

- `pMemoryProperties` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties structure in which the properties are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties-pMemoryProperties-parameter
  `pMemoryProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties structure

The `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties {
        uint32_t        memoryTypeCount;
        VkMemoryType    memoryTypes[VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES];
        uint32_t        memoryHeapCount;
        VkMemoryHeap    memoryHeaps[VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS];
    } VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties;

- `memoryTypeCount` is the number of valid elements in the `memoryTypes` array.

- `memoryTypes` is an array of `VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES` VkMemoryType structures describing the memory types that can be used to access memory allocated from the heaps specified by `memoryHeaps`.

- `memoryHeapCount` is the number of valid elements in the `memoryHeaps` array.

- `memoryHeaps` is an array of `VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS` VkMemoryHeap structures describing the memory heaps from which memory can be allocated.

The `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties` structure describes a number of memory heaps as well as a number of memory types that can be used to access memory allocated in those heaps. Each heap describes a memory resource of a particular size, and each memory type describes a set of memory properties (e.g. host cached vs uncached) that can be used with a given memory heap. Allocations using a particular memory type will consume resources from the heap indicated by that memory type’s heap index. More than one memory type may share each heap, and the heaps and memory types provide a mechanism to advertise an accurate size of the physical memory resources while allowing the memory to be used with a variety of different properties.

The number of memory heaps is given by `memoryHeapCount` and is less than or equal to `VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS`. Each heap is described by an element of the `memoryHeaps` array as a VkMemoryHeap structure. The number of memory types available across all memory heaps is given by `memoryTypeCount` and is less than or equal to `VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES`. Each memory type is described by an element of the `memoryTypes` array as a VkMemoryType structure.

At least one heap must include `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` in VkMemoryHeap::`flags`. If there are multiple heaps that all have similar performance characteristics, they may all include `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT`. In a unified memory architecture (UMA) system there is often only a single memory heap which is considered to be equally “local” to the host and to the device, and such an implementation must advertise the heap as device-local.

Each memory type returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties must have its `propertyFlags` set to one of the following values:

- 0

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT`

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT`

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT`

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT`

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT`

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT`

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT`

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` |
  `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT`

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT` | `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT`

There must be at least one memory type with both the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` and `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` bits set in its `propertyFlags`. There must be at least one memory type with the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` bit set in its `propertyFlags`.

For each pair of elements X and Y returned in `memoryTypes`, X must be placed at a lower index position than Y if:

- the set of bit flags returned in the `propertyFlags` member of X is a strict subset of the set of bit flags returned in the `propertyFlags` member of Y; or

- the `propertyFlags` members of X and Y are equal, and X belongs to a memory heap with greater performance (as determined in an implementation-specific manner)

| Note There is no ordering requirement between X and Y elements for the case their `propertyFlags` members are not in a subset relation. That potentially allows more than one possible way to order the same set of memory types. Notice that the list of all allowed memory property flag combinations is written in a valid order. But if instead `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` was before `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` | `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT`, the list would still be in a valid order.

This ordering requirement enables applications to use a simple search loop to select the desired memory type along the lines of:

    // Find a memory in `memoryTypeBitsRequirement` that includes all of `requiredProperties`
    int32_t findProperties(const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties* pMemoryProperties,
                           uint32_t memoryTypeBitsRequirement,
                           VkMemoryPropertyFlags requiredProperties) {
        const uint32_t memoryCount = pMemoryProperties->memoryTypeCount;
        for (uint32_t memoryIndex = 0; memoryIndex < memoryCount; ++memoryIndex) {
            const uint32_t memoryTypeBits = (1 << memoryIndex);
            const bool isRequiredMemoryType = memoryTypeBitsRequirement & memoryTypeBits;

            const VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties =
                pMemoryProperties->memoryTypes[memoryIndex].propertyFlags;
            const bool hasRequiredProperties =
                (properties & requiredProperties) == requiredProperties;

            if (isRequiredMemoryType && hasRequiredProperties)
                return static_cast<int32_t>(memoryIndex);
        }

        // failed to find memory type
        return -1;
    }

    // Try to find an optimal memory type, or if it does not exist try fallback memory type
    // `device` is the VkDevice
    // `image` is the VkImage that requires memory to be bound
    // `memoryProperties` properties as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties
    // `requiredProperties` are the property flags that must be present
    // `optimalProperties` are the property flags that are preferred by the application
    VkMemoryRequirements memoryRequirements;
    vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, image, &memoryRequirements);
    int32_t memoryType =
        findProperties(&memoryProperties, memoryRequirements.memoryTypeBits, optimalProperties);
    if (memoryType == -1) // not found; try fallback properties
        memoryType =
            findProperties(&memoryProperties, memoryRequirements.memoryTypeBits, requiredProperties);

`VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES` is the length of an array of VkMemoryType structures describing memory types, as returned in VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryTypes.

    #define VK_MAX_MEMORY_TYPES               32U

`VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS` is the length of an array of VkMemoryHeap structures describing memory heaps, as returned in VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::memoryHeaps.

    #define VK_MAX_MEMORY_HEAPS               16U

To query memory properties, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2*          pMemoryProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the handle to the device to query.

- `pMemoryProperties` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 structure in which the properties are returned.

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2` behaves similarly to vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties, with the ability to return extended information in a `pNext` chain of output structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2-pMemoryProperties-parameter
  `pMemoryProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 structure

The `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2 {
        VkStructureType                     sType;
        void*                               pNext;
        VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties    memoryProperties;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `memoryProperties` is a VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties structure which is populated with the same values as in vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MEMORY_PROPERTIES_2`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

The `VkMemoryHeap` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkMemoryHeap {
        VkDeviceSize         size;
        VkMemoryHeapFlags    flags;
    } VkMemoryHeap;

- `size` is the total memory size in bytes in the heap.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkMemoryHeapFlagBits specifying attribute flags for the heap.

Bits which may be set in VkMemoryHeap::`flags`, indicating attribute flags for the heap, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkMemoryHeapFlagBits {
        VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT = 0x00000001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT = 0x00000002,
    } VkMemoryHeapFlagBits;

- `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` specifies that the heap corresponds to device-local memory. Device-local memory may have different performance characteristics than host-local memory, and may support different memory property flags.

- `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` specifies that in a logical device representing more than one physical device, there is a per-physical device instance of the heap memory. By default, an allocation from such a heap will be replicated to each physical device’s instance of the heap.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkMemoryHeapFlags;

`VkMemoryHeapFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkMemoryHeapFlagBits.

The `VkMemoryType` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkMemoryType {
        VkMemoryPropertyFlags    propertyFlags;
        uint32_t                 heapIndex;
    } VkMemoryType;

- `heapIndex` describes which memory heap this memory type corresponds to, and must be less than `memoryHeapCount` from the VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties structure.

- `propertyFlags` is a bitmask of VkMemoryPropertyFlagBits of properties for this memory type.

Bits which may be set in VkMemoryType::`propertyFlags`, indicating properties of a memory heap, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkMemoryPropertyFlagBits {
        VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT = 0x00000010,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT = 0x00000020,
    } VkMemoryPropertyFlagBits;

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` bit specifies that memory allocated with this type is the most efficient for device access. This property will be set if and only if the memory type belongs to a heap with the `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` set.

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` bit specifies that memory allocated with this type can be mapped for host access using vkMapMemory.

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` bit specifies that the host cache management commands vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges and vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges are not needed to flush host writes to the device or make device writes visible to the host, respectively.

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT` bit specifies that memory allocated with this type is cached on the host. Host memory accesses to uncached memory are slower than to cached memory, however uncached memory is always host coherent.

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT` bit specifies that the memory type only allows device access to the memory. Memory types must not have both `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT` and `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` set. Additionally, the object’s backing memory may be provided by the implementation lazily as specified in Lazily Allocated Memory.

- `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT` bit specifies that the memory type only allows device access to the memory, and allows protected queue operations to access the memory. Memory types must not have `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT` set and any of `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` set, or `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` set, or `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT` set.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkMemoryPropertyFlags;

`VkMemoryPropertyFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkMemoryPropertyFlagBits.

#### 11.2.2. Device Memory Objects

A Vulkan device operates on data in device memory via memory objects that are represented in the API by a `VkDeviceMemory` handle:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkDeviceMemory)

#### 11.2.3. Device Memory Allocation

To allocate memory objects, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkAllocateMemory(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkMemoryAllocateInfo*                 pAllocateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkDeviceMemory*                             pMemory);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the memory.

- `pAllocateInfo` is a pointer to a VkMemoryAllocateInfo structure describing parameters of the allocation. A successfully returned allocation must use the requested parameters — no substitution is permitted by the implementation.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pMemory` is a pointer to a VkDeviceMemory handle in which information about the allocated memory is returned.

Allocations returned by `vkAllocateMemory` are guaranteed to meet any alignment requirement of the implementation. For example, if an implementation requires 128 byte alignment for images and 64 byte alignment for buffers, the device memory returned through this mechanism would be 128-byte aligned. This ensures that applications can correctly suballocate objects of different types (with potentially different alignment requirements) in the same memory object.

When memory is allocated, its contents are undefined with the following constraint:

- The contents of unprotected memory must not be a function of the contents of data protected memory objects, even if those memory objects were previously freed.

| Note The contents of memory allocated by one application should not be a function of data from protected memory objects of another application, even if those memory objects were previously freed.

The maximum number of valid memory allocations that can exist simultaneously within a VkDevice may be restricted by implementation- or platform-dependent limits. The `maxMemoryAllocationCount` feature describes the number of allocations that can exist simultaneously before encountering these internal limits.

| Note For historical reasons, if `maxMemoryAllocationCount` is exceeded, some implementations may return `VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS`. Exceeding this limit will result in undefined behavior, and an application should not rely on the use of the returned error code in order to identify when the limit is reached.

| Note Many protected memory implementations involve complex hardware and system software support, and often have additional and much lower limits on the number of simultaneous protected memory allocations (from memory types with the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT` property) than for non-protected memory allocations. These limits can be system-wide, and depend on a variety of factors outside of the Vulkan implementation, so they cannot be queried in Vulkan. Applications should use as few allocations as possible from such memory types by suballocating aggressively, and be prepared for allocation failure even when there is apparently plenty of capacity remaining in the memory heap. As a guideline, the Vulkan conformance test suite requires that at least 80 minimum-size allocations can exist concurrently when no other uses of protected memory are active in the system.

Some platforms may have a limit on the maximum size of a single allocation. For example, certain systems may fail to create allocations with a size greater than or equal to 4GB. Such a limit is implementation-dependent, and if such a failure occurs then the error `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY` must be returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkAllocateMemory-pAllocateInfo-01713
  `pAllocateInfo->allocationSize` must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::`memoryHeaps`[`memindex`].`size` where `memindex` = VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::`memoryTypes`[`pAllocateInfo->memoryTypeIndex`].`heapIndex` as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties for the VkPhysicalDevice that `device` was created from

- VUID-vkAllocateMemory-pAllocateInfo-01714
  `pAllocateInfo->memoryTypeIndex` must be less than VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties::`memoryTypeCount` as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties for the VkPhysicalDevice that `device` was created from

- VUID-vkAllocateMemory-maxMemoryAllocationCount-04101
  There must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxMemoryAllocationCount` device memory allocations currently allocated on the device

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkAllocateMemory-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkAllocateMemory-pAllocateInfo-parameter
  `pAllocateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkMemoryAllocateInfo structure

- VUID-vkAllocateMemory-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkAllocateMemory-pMemory-parameter
  `pMemory` must be a valid pointer to a VkDeviceMemory handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE`

The `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkMemoryAllocateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkDeviceSize       allocationSize;
        uint32_t           memoryTypeIndex;
    } VkMemoryAllocateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `allocationSize` is the size of the allocation in bytes.

- `memoryTypeIndex` is an index identifying a memory type from the `memoryTypes` array of the VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties structure.

The internal data of an allocated device memory object must include a reference to implementation-specific resources, referred to as the memory object’s payload.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateInfo-None-06657
  The parameters must not define more than one import operation

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateInfo-allocationSize-00638
  `allocationSize` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateInfo-memoryTypeIndex-01872
  If the protected memory feature is not enabled, the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo`::`memoryTypeIndex` must not indicate a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateInfo-opaqueCaptureAddress-03329
  If VkMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressAllocateInfo::`opaqueCaptureAddress` is not zero, `VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo`::`flags` must include `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateInfo-flags-03330
  If `VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo`::`flags` includes `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`, the bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateInfo-flags-03331
  If `VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo`::`flags` includes `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT`, the bufferDeviceAddress feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateInfo-opaqueCaptureAddress-03333
  If the parameters define an import operation, VkMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressAllocateInfo::`opaqueCaptureAddress` must be zero

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo, VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo, VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo, or VkMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressAllocateInfo

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

If the `pNext` chain includes a `VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo` structure, then that structure includes a handle of the sole buffer or image resource that the memory can be bound to.

The `VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkImage            image;
        VkBuffer           buffer;
    } VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `image` is VK_NULL_HANDLE or a handle of an image which this memory will be bound to.

- `buffer` is VK_NULL_HANDLE or a handle of a buffer which this memory will be bound to.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo-image-01432
  At least one of `image` and `buffer` must be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo-image-01433
  If `image` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `VkMemoryAllocateInfo`::`allocationSize` must equal the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` of the image

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo-image-01434
  If `image` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `image` must have been created without `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` set in VkImageCreateInfo::`flags`

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo-buffer-01435
  If `buffer` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `VkMemoryAllocateInfo`::`allocationSize` must equal the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` of the buffer

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo-buffer-01436
  If `buffer` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `buffer` must have been created without `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` set in VkBufferCreateInfo::`flags`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_ALLOCATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo-image-parameter
  If `image` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo-buffer-parameter
  If `buffer` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo-commonparent
  Both of `buffer`, and `image` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

When allocating memory whose payload may be exported to another process or Vulkan instance, add a VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkMemoryAllocateInfo structure, specifying the handle types that may be exported.

The VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        const void*                        pNext;
        VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags    handleTypes;
    } VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleTypes` is a bitmask of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits specifying one or more memory handle types the application can export from the resulting allocation. The application can request multiple handle types for the same allocation.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo-handleTypes-00656
  The bits in `handleTypes` must be supported and compatible, as reported by VkExternalImageFormatProperties or VkExternalBufferProperties

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo-handleTypes-parameter
  `handleTypes` must be a valid combination of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits values

#### 11.2.4. Device Group Memory Allocations

If the `pNext` chain of VkMemoryAllocateInfo includes a `VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo` structure, then that structure includes flags and a device mask controlling how many instances of the memory will be allocated.

The `VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkMemoryAllocateFlags    flags;
        uint32_t                 deviceMask;
    } VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkMemoryAllocateFlagBits controlling the allocation.

- `deviceMask` is a mask of physical devices in the logical device, indicating that memory must be allocated on each device in the mask, if `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_MASK_BIT` is set in `flags`.

If `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_MASK_BIT` is not set, the number of instances allocated depends on whether `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` is set in the memory heap. If `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` is set, then memory is allocated for every physical device in the logical device (as if `deviceMask` has bits set for all device indices). If `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` is not set, then a single instance of memory is allocated (as if `deviceMask` is set to one).

On some implementations, allocations from a multi-instance heap may consume memory on all physical devices even if the `deviceMask` excludes some devices. If VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties::`subsetAllocation` is `VK_TRUE`, then memory is only consumed for the devices in the device mask.

| Note In practice, most allocations on a multi-instance heap will be allocated across all physical devices. Unicast allocation support is an optional optimization for a minority of allocations.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo-deviceMask-00675
  If `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_MASK_BIT` is set, `deviceMask` must be a valid device mask

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo-deviceMask-00676
  If `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_MASK_BIT` is set, `deviceMask` must not be zero

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_FLAGS_INFO`

- VUID-VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkMemoryAllocateFlagBits values

Bits which can be set in VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo::`flags`, controlling device memory allocation, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkMemoryAllocateFlagBits {
        VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_MASK_BIT = 0x00000001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT = 0x00000002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT = 0x00000004,
    } VkMemoryAllocateFlagBits;

- `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_MASK_BIT` specifies that memory will be allocated for the devices in VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo::`deviceMask`.

- `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` specifies that the memory can be attached to a buffer object created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set in `usage`, and that the memory handle can be used to retrieve an opaque address via vkGetDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddress.

- `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` specifies that the memory’s address can be saved and reused on a subsequent run (e.g. for trace capture and replay), see VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo for more detail.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkMemoryAllocateFlags;

`VkMemoryAllocateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkMemoryAllocateFlagBits.

#### 11.2.5. Opaque Capture Address Allocation

To request a specific device address for a memory allocation, add a VkMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressAllocateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkMemoryAllocateInfo structure. The `VkMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressAllocateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressAllocateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint64_t           opaqueCaptureAddress;
    } VkMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressAllocateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `opaqueCaptureAddress` is the opaque capture address requested for the memory allocation.

If `opaqueCaptureAddress` is zero, no specific address is requested.

If `opaqueCaptureAddress` is not zero, it should be an address retrieved from vkGetDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddress on an identically created memory allocation on the same implementation.

| Note In most cases, it is expected that a non-zero `opaqueAddress` is an address retrieved from vkGetDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddress on an identically created memory allocation. If this is not the case, it is likely that `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS` errors will occur. This is, however, not a strict requirement because trace capture/replay tools may need to adjust memory allocation parameters for imported memory.

If this structure is not present, it is as if `opaqueCaptureAddress` is zero.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressAllocateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_ALLOCATE_INFO`

#### 11.2.6. Freeing Device Memory

To free a memory object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkFreeMemory(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkDeviceMemory                              memory,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the memory.

- `memory` is the VkDeviceMemory object to be freed.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Before freeing a memory object, an application must ensure the memory object is no longer in use by the device — for example by command buffers in the pending state. Memory can be freed whilst still bound to resources, but those resources must not be used afterwards. Freeing a memory object releases the reference it held, if any, to its payload. If there are still any bound images or buffers, the memory object’s payload may not be immediately released by the implementation, but must be released by the time all bound images and buffers have been destroyed. Once all references to a payload are released, it is returned to the heap from which it was allocated.

How memory objects are bound to Images and Buffers is described in detail in the Resource Memory Association section.

If a memory object is mapped at the time it is freed, it is implicitly unmapped.

| Note As described below, host writes are not implicitly flushed when the memory object is unmapped, but the implementation must guarantee that writes that have not been flushed do not affect any other memory.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkFreeMemory-memory-00677
  All submitted commands that refer to `memory` (via images or buffers) must have completed execution

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkFreeMemory-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkFreeMemory-memory-parameter
  If `memory` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-vkFreeMemory-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkFreeMemory-memory-parent
  If `memory` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `memory` must be externally synchronized

#### 11.2.7. Host Access to Device Memory Objects

Memory objects created with vkAllocateMemory are not directly host accessible.

Memory objects created with the memory property `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` are considered mappable. Memory objects must be mappable in order to be successfully mapped on the host.

To retrieve a host virtual address pointer to a region of a mappable memory object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkMapMemory(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkDeviceMemory                              memory,
        VkDeviceSize                                offset,
        VkDeviceSize                                size,
        VkMemoryMapFlags                            flags,
        void**                                      ppData);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the memory.

- `memory` is the VkDeviceMemory object to be mapped.

- `offset` is a zero-based byte offset from the beginning of the memory object.

- `size` is the size of the memory range to map, or `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` to map from `offset` to the end of the allocation.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `ppData` is a pointer to a `void *` variable in which is returned a host-accessible pointer to the beginning of the mapped range. This pointer minus `offset` must be aligned to at least VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`minMemoryMapAlignment`.

After a successful call to `vkMapMemory` the memory object `memory` is considered to be currently host mapped.

| Note It is an application error to call `vkMapMemory` on a memory object that is already host mapped.

| Note `vkMapMemory` will fail if the implementation is unable to allocate an appropriately sized contiguous virtual address range, e.g. due to virtual address space fragmentation or platform limits. In such cases, `vkMapMemory` must return `VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED`. The application can improve the likelihood of success by reducing the size of the mapped range and/or removing unneeded mappings using vkUnmapMemory.

`vkMapMemory` does not check whether the device memory is currently in use before returning the host-accessible pointer. The application must guarantee that any previously submitted command that writes to this range has completed before the host reads from or writes to that range, and that any previously submitted command that reads from that range has completed before the host writes to that region (see here for details on fulfilling such a guarantee). If the device memory was allocated without the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` set, these guarantees must be made for an extended range: the application must round down the start of the range to the nearest multiple of VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`nonCoherentAtomSize`, and round the end of the range up to the nearest multiple of VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`nonCoherentAtomSize`.

While a range of device memory is host mapped, the application is responsible for synchronizing both device and host access to that memory range.

| Note It is important for the application developer to become meticulously familiar with all of the mechanisms described in the chapter on Synchronization and Cache Control as they are crucial to maintaining memory access ordering.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkMapMemory-memory-00678
  `memory` must not be currently host mapped

- VUID-vkMapMemory-offset-00679
  `offset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-vkMapMemory-size-00680
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `size` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkMapMemory-size-00681
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `size` must be less than or equal to the size of the `memory` minus `offset`

- VUID-vkMapMemory-memory-00682
  `memory` must have been created with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkMapMemory-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkMapMemory-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-vkMapMemory-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-vkMapMemory-ppData-parameter
  `ppData` must be a valid pointer to a pointer value

- VUID-vkMapMemory-memory-parent
  `memory` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `memory` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED`

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkMemoryMapFlags;

`VkMemoryMapFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

Two commands are provided to enable applications to work with non-coherent memory allocations: `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges` and `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges`.

| Note If the memory object was created with the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` set, `vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges` and `vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges` are unnecessary and may have a performance cost. However, availability and visibility operations still need to be managed on the device. See the description of host access types for more information.

To flush ranges of non-coherent memory from the host caches, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    memoryRangeCount,
        const VkMappedMemoryRange*                  pMemoryRanges);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the memory ranges.

- `memoryRangeCount` is the length of the `pMemoryRanges` array.

- `pMemoryRanges` is a pointer to an array of VkMappedMemoryRange structures describing the memory ranges to flush.

`vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges` guarantees that host writes to the memory ranges described by `pMemoryRanges` are made available to the host memory domain, such that they can be made available to the device memory domain via memory domain operations using the `VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT` access type.

Within each range described by `pMemoryRanges`, each set of `nonCoherentAtomSize` bytes in that range is flushed if any byte in that set has been written by the host since it was first host mapped, or the last time it was flushed. If `pMemoryRanges` includes sets of `nonCoherentAtomSize` bytes where no bytes have been written by the host, those bytes must not be flushed.

Unmapping non-coherent memory does not implicitly flush the host mapped memory, and host writes that have not been flushed may not ever be visible to the device. However, implementations must ensure that writes that have not been flushed do not become visible to any other memory.

| Note The above guarantee avoids a potential memory corruption in scenarios where host writes to a mapped memory object have not been flushed before the memory is unmapped (or freed), and the virtual address range is subsequently reused for a different mapping (or memory allocation).

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges-pMemoryRanges-parameter
  `pMemoryRanges` must be a valid pointer to an array of `memoryRangeCount` valid VkMappedMemoryRange structures

- VUID-vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges-memoryRangeCount-arraylength
  `memoryRangeCount` must be greater than `0`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

To invalidate ranges of non-coherent memory from the host caches, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    memoryRangeCount,
        const VkMappedMemoryRange*                  pMemoryRanges);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the memory ranges.

- `memoryRangeCount` is the length of the `pMemoryRanges` array.

- `pMemoryRanges` is a pointer to an array of VkMappedMemoryRange structures describing the memory ranges to invalidate.

`vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges` guarantees that device writes to the memory ranges described by `pMemoryRanges`, which have been made available to the host memory domain using the `VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT` and `VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT` access types, are made visible to the host. If a range of non-coherent memory is written by the host and then invalidated without first being flushed, its contents are undefined.

Within each range described by `pMemoryRanges`, each set of `nonCoherentAtomSize` bytes in that range is invalidated if any byte in that set has been written by the device since it was first host mapped, or the last time it was invalidated.

| Note Mapping non-coherent memory does not implicitly invalidate that memory.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges-pMemoryRanges-parameter
  `pMemoryRanges` must be a valid pointer to an array of `memoryRangeCount` valid VkMappedMemoryRange structures

- VUID-vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges-memoryRangeCount-arraylength
  `memoryRangeCount` must be greater than `0`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkMappedMemoryRange` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkMappedMemoryRange {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkDeviceMemory     memory;
        VkDeviceSize       offset;
        VkDeviceSize       size;
    } VkMappedMemoryRange;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `memory` is the memory object to which this range belongs.

- `offset` is the zero-based byte offset from the beginning of the memory object.

- `size` is either the size of range, or `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` to affect the range from `offset` to the end of the current mapping of the allocation.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkMappedMemoryRange-memory-00684
  `memory` must be currently host mapped

- VUID-VkMappedMemoryRange-size-00685
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `offset` and `size` must specify a range contained within the currently mapped range of `memory`

- VUID-VkMappedMemoryRange-size-00686
  If `size` is equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `offset` must be within the currently mapped range of `memory`

- VUID-VkMappedMemoryRange-offset-00687
  `offset` must be a multiple of VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`nonCoherentAtomSize`

- VUID-VkMappedMemoryRange-size-01389
  If `size` is equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, the end of the current mapping of `memory` must either be a multiple of VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`nonCoherentAtomSize` bytes from the beginning of the memory object, or be equal to the end of the memory object

- VUID-VkMappedMemoryRange-size-01390
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `size` must either be a multiple of VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`nonCoherentAtomSize`, or `offset` plus `size` must equal the size of `memory`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMappedMemoryRange-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MAPPED_MEMORY_RANGE`

- VUID-VkMappedMemoryRange-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkMappedMemoryRange-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

To unmap a memory object once host access to it is no longer needed by the application, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkUnmapMemory(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkDeviceMemory                              memory);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the memory.

- `memory` is the memory object to be unmapped.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkUnmapMemory-memory-00689
  `memory` must be currently host mapped

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkUnmapMemory-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkUnmapMemory-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-vkUnmapMemory-memory-parent
  `memory` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `memory` must be externally synchronized

#### 11.2.8. Lazily Allocated Memory

If the memory object is allocated from a heap with the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT` bit set, that object’s backing memory may be provided by the implementation lazily. The actual committed size of the memory may initially be as small as zero (or as large as the requested size), and monotonically increases as additional memory is needed.

A memory type with this flag set is only allowed to be bound to a `VkImage` whose usage flags include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`.

| Note Using lazily allocated memory objects for framebuffer attachments that are not needed once a render pass instance has completed may allow some implementations to never allocate memory for such attachments.

To determine the amount of lazily-allocated memory that is currently committed for a memory object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetDeviceMemoryCommitment(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkDeviceMemory                              memory,
        VkDeviceSize*                               pCommittedMemoryInBytes);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the memory.

- `memory` is the memory object being queried.

- `pCommittedMemoryInBytes` is a pointer to a `VkDeviceSize` value in which the number of bytes currently committed is returned, on success.

The implementation may update the commitment at any time, and the value returned by this query may be out of date.

The implementation guarantees to allocate any committed memory from the `heapIndex` indicated by the memory type that the memory object was created with.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetDeviceMemoryCommitment-memory-00690
  `memory` must have been created with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceMemoryCommitment-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceMemoryCommitment-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceMemoryCommitment-pCommittedMemoryInBytes-parameter
  `pCommittedMemoryInBytes` must be a valid pointer to a `VkDeviceSize` value

- VUID-vkGetDeviceMemoryCommitment-memory-parent
  `memory` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

#### 11.2.9. Protected Memory

Protected memory divides device memory into protected device memory and unprotected device memory.

Protected memory adds the following concepts:

- Memory:

  - Unprotected device memory, which can be visible to the device and can be visible to the host

  - Protected device memory, which can be visible to the device but must not be visible to the host

- Resources:

  - Unprotected images and unprotected buffers, to which unprotected memory can be bound

  - Protected images and protected buffers, to which protected memory can be bound

- Command buffers:

  - Unprotected command buffers, which can be submitted to a device queue to execute unprotected queue operations

  - Protected command buffers, which can be submitted to a protected-capable device queue to execute protected queue operations

- Device queues:

  - Unprotected device queues, to which unprotected command buffers can be submitted

  - Protected-capable device queues, to which unprotected command buffers or protected command buffers can be submitted

- Queue submissions

  - Unprotected queue submissions, through which unprotected command buffers can be submitted

  - Protected queue submissions, through which protected command buffers can be submitted

- Queue operations

  - Unprotected queue operations

  - Protected queue operations

##### Protected Memory Access Rules

If VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties::`protectedNoFault` is `VK_FALSE`, applications must not perform any of the following operations:

- Write to unprotected memory within protected queue operations.

- Access protected memory within protected queue operations other than in framebuffer-space pipeline stages, the compute shader stage, or the transfer stage.

- Perform a query within protected queue operations.

If VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties::`protectedNoFault` is `VK_TRUE`, these operations are valid, but reads will return undefined values, and writes will either be dropped or store undefined values.

Additionally, indirect operations must not be performed within protected queue operations.

Whether these operations are valid or not, or if any other invalid usage is performed, the implementation must guarantee that:

- Protected device memory must never be visible to the host.

- Values written to unprotected device memory must not be a function of values from protected memory.

#### 11.2.10. Peer Memory Features

Peer memory is memory that is allocated for a given physical device and then bound to a resource and accessed by a different physical device, in a logical device that represents multiple physical devices. Some ways of reading and writing peer memory may not be supported by a device.

To determine how peer memory can be accessed, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetDeviceGroupPeerMemoryFeatures(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    heapIndex,
        uint32_t                                    localDeviceIndex,
        uint32_t                                    remoteDeviceIndex,
        VkPeerMemoryFeatureFlags*                   pPeerMemoryFeatures);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the memory.

- `heapIndex` is the index of the memory heap from which the memory is allocated.

- `localDeviceIndex` is the device index of the physical device that performs the memory access.

- `remoteDeviceIndex` is the device index of the physical device that the memory is allocated for.

- `pPeerMemoryFeatures` is a pointer to a VkPeerMemoryFeatureFlags bitmask indicating which types of memory accesses are supported for the combination of heap, local, and remote devices.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetDeviceGroupPeerMemoryFeatures-heapIndex-00691
  `heapIndex` must be less than `memoryHeapCount`

- VUID-vkGetDeviceGroupPeerMemoryFeatures-localDeviceIndex-00692
  `localDeviceIndex` must be a valid device index

- VUID-vkGetDeviceGroupPeerMemoryFeatures-remoteDeviceIndex-00693
  `remoteDeviceIndex` must be a valid device index

- VUID-vkGetDeviceGroupPeerMemoryFeatures-localDeviceIndex-00694
  `localDeviceIndex` must not equal `remoteDeviceIndex`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceGroupPeerMemoryFeatures-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceGroupPeerMemoryFeatures-pPeerMemoryFeatures-parameter
  `pPeerMemoryFeatures` must be a valid pointer to a VkPeerMemoryFeatureFlags value

Bits which may be set in vkGetDeviceGroupPeerMemoryFeatures::`pPeerMemoryFeatures`, indicating supported peer memory features, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkPeerMemoryFeatureFlagBits {
        VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_COPY_SRC_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_COPY_DST_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_GENERIC_SRC_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_GENERIC_DST_BIT = 0x00000008,
    } VkPeerMemoryFeatureFlagBits;

- `VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_COPY_SRC_BIT` specifies that the memory can be accessed as the source of any `vkCmdCopy*` command.

- `VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_COPY_DST_BIT` specifies that the memory can be accessed as the destination of any `vkCmdCopy*` command.

- `VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_GENERIC_SRC_BIT` specifies that the memory can be read as any memory access type.

- `VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_GENERIC_DST_BIT` specifies that the memory can be written as any memory access type. Shader atomics are considered to be writes.

| Note The peer memory features of a memory heap also apply to any accesses that may be performed during image layout transitions.

`VK_PEER_MEMORY_FEATURE_COPY_DST_BIT` must be supported for all host local heaps and for at least one device-local memory heap.

If a device does not support a peer memory feature, it is still valid to use a resource that includes both local and peer memory bindings with the corresponding access type as long as only the local bindings are actually accessed. For example, an application doing split-frame rendering would use framebuffer attachments that include both local and peer memory bindings, but would scissor the rendering to only update local memory.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkPeerMemoryFeatureFlags;

`VkPeerMemoryFeatureFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkPeerMemoryFeatureFlagBits.

#### 11.2.11. Opaque Capture Address Query

To query a 64-bit opaque capture address value from a memory object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    uint64_t vkGetDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddress(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo* pInfo);

- `device` is the logical device that the memory object was allocated on.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo structure specifying the memory object to retrieve an address for.

The 64-bit return value is an opaque address representing the start of `pInfo->memory`.

If the memory object was allocated with a non-zero value of VkMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressAllocateInfo::`opaqueCaptureAddress`, the return value must be the same address.

| Note The expected usage for these opaque addresses is only for trace capture/replay tools to store these addresses in a trace and subsequently specify them during replay.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddress-None-03334
  The bufferDeviceAddress feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkGetDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddress-device-03335
  If `device` was created with multiple physical devices, then the bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddress-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddress-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo structure

The `VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkDeviceMemory     memory;
    } VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `memory` specifies the memory whose address is being queried.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo-memory-03336
  `memory` must have been allocated with `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_MEMORY_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_INFO`

- VUID-VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

## 12. Resource Creation

Vulkan supports two primary resource types: buffers and images. Resources are views of memory with associated formatting and dimensionality. Buffers are essentially unformatted arrays of bytes whereas images contain format information, can be multidimensional and may have associated metadata.

### 12.1. Buffers

Buffers represent linear arrays of data which are used for various purposes by binding them to a graphics or compute pipeline via descriptor sets or via certain commands, or by directly specifying them as parameters to certain commands.

Buffers are represented by `VkBuffer` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkBuffer)

To create buffers, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateBuffer(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkBufferCreateInfo*                   pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkBuffer*                                   pBuffer);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the buffer object.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferCreateInfo structure containing parameters affecting creation of the buffer.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pBuffer` is a pointer to a VkBuffer handle in which the resulting buffer object is returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-flags-00911
  If the `flags` member of `pCreateInfo` includes `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, creating this `VkBuffer` must not cause the total required sparse memory for all currently valid sparse resources on the device to exceed `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`sparseAddressSpaceSize`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateBuffer-pBuffer-parameter
  `pBuffer` must be a valid pointer to a VkBuffer handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkBufferCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBufferCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType        sType;
        const void*            pNext;
        VkBufferCreateFlags    flags;
        VkDeviceSize           size;
        VkBufferUsageFlags     usage;
        VkSharingMode          sharingMode;
        uint32_t               queueFamilyIndexCount;
        const uint32_t*        pQueueFamilyIndices;
    } VkBufferCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkBufferCreateFlagBits specifying additional parameters of the buffer.

- `size` is the size in bytes of the buffer to be created.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkBufferUsageFlagBits specifying allowed usages of the buffer.

- `sharingMode` is a VkSharingMode value specifying the sharing mode of the buffer when it will be accessed by multiple queue families.

- `queueFamilyIndexCount` is the number of entries in the `pQueueFamilyIndices` array.

- `pQueueFamilyIndices` is a pointer to an array of queue families that will access this buffer. It is ignored if `sharingMode` is not `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-size-00912
  `size` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sharingMode-00913
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `pQueueFamilyIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `queueFamilyIndexCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sharingMode-00914
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `queueFamilyIndexCount` must be greater than `1`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sharingMode-01419
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, each element of `pQueueFamilyIndices` must be unique and must be less than `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` returned by either vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties or vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2 for the `physicalDevice` that was used to create `device`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-00915
  If the sparse bindings feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-00916
  If the sparse buffer residency feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-00917
  If the sparse aliased residency feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-00918
  If `flags` contains `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`, it must also contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-pNext-00920
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo structure, its `handleTypes` member must only contain bits that are also in VkExternalBufferProperties::`externalMemoryProperties.compatibleHandleTypes`, as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties with `pExternalBufferInfo->handleType` equal to any one of the handle types specified in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-01887
  If the protected memory feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-None-01888
  If any of the bits `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, or `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` are set, `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` must not also be set

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-opaqueCaptureAddress-03337
  If VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo::`opaqueCaptureAddress` is not zero, `flags` must include `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-06549
  If `flags` includes `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`, the bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay feature must be enabled

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-size-06409
  `size` must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Properties::`maxBufferSize`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo or VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkBufferCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkBufferUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkBufferCreateInfo-sharingMode-parameter
  `sharingMode` must be a valid VkSharingMode value

Bits which can be set in VkBufferCreateInfo::`usage`, specifying usage behavior of a buffer, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkBufferUsageFlagBits {
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000040,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000080,
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000100,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT = 0x00020000,
    } VkBufferUsageFlagBits;

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used as the source of a transfer command (see the definition of `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT`).

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used as the destination of a transfer command.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used to create a `VkBufferView` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used to create a `VkBufferView` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used in a `VkDescriptorBufferInfo` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot either of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used in a `VkDescriptorBufferInfo` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot either of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as the `buffer` parameter to vkCmdBindIndexBuffer.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as an element of the `pBuffers` array to vkCmdBindVertexBuffers.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the buffer is suitable for passing as the `buffer` parameter to vkCmdDrawIndirect, vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect, or vkCmdDispatchIndirect.

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be used to retrieve a buffer device address via vkGetBufferDeviceAddress and use that address to access the buffer’s memory from a shader.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkBufferUsageFlags;

`VkBufferUsageFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkBufferUsageFlagBits.

Bits which can be set in VkBufferCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying additional parameters of a buffer, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkBufferCreateFlagBits {
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT = 0x00000004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT = 0x00000008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT = 0x00000010,
    } VkBufferCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` specifies that the buffer will be backed using sparse memory binding.

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` specifies that the buffer can be partially backed using sparse memory binding. Buffers created with this flag must also be created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flag.

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` specifies that the buffer will be backed using sparse memory binding with memory ranges that might also simultaneously be backing another buffer (or another portion of the same buffer). Buffers created with this flag must also be created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flag.

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` specifies that the buffer is a protected buffer.

- `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` specifies that the buffer’s address can be saved and reused on a subsequent run (e.g. for trace capture and replay), see VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo for more detail.

See Sparse Resource Features and Physical Device Features for details of the sparse memory features supported on a device.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkBufferCreateFlags;

`VkBufferCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkBufferCreateFlagBits.

To define a set of external memory handle types that may be used as backing store for a buffer, add a VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkBufferCreateInfo structure. The `VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        const void*                        pNext;
        VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags    handleTypes;
    } VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo;

| Note A `VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo` structure with a non-zero `handleTypes` field must be included in the creation parameters for a buffer that will be bound to memory that is either exported or imported.

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleTypes` is zero, or a bitmask of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits specifying one or more external memory handle types.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo-handleTypes-parameter
  `handleTypes` must be a valid combination of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits values

To request a specific device address for a buffer, add a VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkBufferCreateInfo structure. The `VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint64_t           opaqueCaptureAddress;
    } VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `opaqueCaptureAddress` is the opaque capture address requested for the buffer.

If `opaqueCaptureAddress` is zero, no specific address is requested.

If `opaqueCaptureAddress` is not zero, then it should be an address retrieved from vkGetBufferOpaqueCaptureAddress for an identically created buffer on the same implementation.

If this structure is not present, it is as if `opaqueCaptureAddress` is zero.

Apps should avoid creating buffers with app-provided addresses and implementation-provided addresses in the same process, to reduce the likelihood of `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS` errors.

| Note The expected usage for this is that a trace capture/replay tool will add the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` flag to all buffers that use `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT`, and during capture will save the queried opaque device addresses in the trace. During replay, the buffers will be created specifying the original address so any address values stored in the trace data will remain valid. Implementations are expected to separate such buffers in the GPU address space so normal allocations will avoid using these addresses. Apps/tools should avoid mixing app-provided and implementation-provided addresses for buffers created with `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`, to avoid address space allocation conflicts.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_CREATE_INFO`

To destroy a buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyBuffer(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the buffer.

- `buffer` is the buffer to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-buffer-00922
  All submitted commands that refer to `buffer`, either directly or via a `VkBufferView`, must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-buffer-00923
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `buffer` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-buffer-00924
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `buffer` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-buffer-parameter
  If `buffer` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyBuffer-buffer-parent
  If `buffer` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `buffer` must be externally synchronized

### 12.2. Buffer Views

A buffer view represents a contiguous range of a buffer and a specific format to be used to interpret the data. Buffer views are used to enable shaders to access buffer contents interpreted as formatted data. In order to create a valid buffer view, the buffer must have been created with at least one of the following usage flags:

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`

- `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`

Buffer views are represented by `VkBufferView` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkBufferView)

To create a buffer view, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateBufferView(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkBufferViewCreateInfo*               pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkBufferView*                               pView);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the buffer view.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferViewCreateInfo structure containing parameters to be used to create the buffer view.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pView` is a pointer to a VkBufferView handle in which the resulting buffer view object is returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateBufferView-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateBufferView-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferViewCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateBufferView-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateBufferView-pView-parameter
  `pView` must be a valid pointer to a VkBufferView handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkBufferViewCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBufferViewCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        const void*                pNext;
        VkBufferViewCreateFlags    flags;
        VkBuffer                   buffer;
        VkFormat                   format;
        VkDeviceSize               offset;
        VkDeviceSize               range;
    } VkBufferViewCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `buffer` is a VkBuffer on which the view will be created.

- `format` is a VkFormat describing the format of the data elements in the buffer.

- `offset` is an offset in bytes from the base address of the buffer. Accesses to the buffer view from shaders use addressing that is relative to this starting offset.

- `range` is a size in bytes of the buffer view. If `range` is equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, the range from `offset` to the end of the buffer is used. If `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` is used and the remaining size of the buffer is not a multiple of the texel block size of `format`, the nearest smaller multiple is used.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-offset-00925
  `offset` must be less than the size of `buffer`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-range-00928
  If `range` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `range` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-range-00929
  If `range` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `range` must be an integer multiple of the texel block size of `format`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-range-00930
  If `range` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, the number of texel buffer elements given by (⌊`range` / (texel block size)⌋ × (texels per block)) where texel block size and texels per block are as defined in the Compatible Formats table for `format`, must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxTexelBufferElements`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-offset-00931
  If `range` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, the sum of `offset` and `range` must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-range-04059
  If `range` is equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, the number of texel buffer elements given by (⌊(size - `offset`) / (texel block size)⌋ × (texels per block)) where size is the size of `buffer`, and texel block size and texels per block are as defined in the Compatible Formats table for `format`, must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxTexelBufferElements`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-00932
  `buffer` must have been created with a `usage` value containing at least one of `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-00933
  If `buffer` was created with `usage` containing `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`, `format` must be supported for uniform texel buffers, as specified by the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` flag in `VkFormatProperties`::`bufferFeatures` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-00934
  If `buffer` was created with `usage` containing `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`, `format` must be supported for storage texel buffers, as specified by the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` flag in `VkFormatProperties`::`bufferFeatures` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-00935
  If `buffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-offset-02749
  If the texelBufferAlignment feature is not enabled, `offset` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minTexelBufferOffsetAlignment`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-02750
  If the texelBufferAlignment feature is enabled and if `buffer` was created with `usage` containing `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`, `offset` must be a multiple of the lesser of VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties::`storageTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes` or, if VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties::`storageTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment` is `VK_TRUE`, the size of a texel of the requested `format`. If the size of a texel is a multiple of three bytes, then the size of a single component of `format` is used instead

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-02751
  If the texelBufferAlignment feature is enabled and if `buffer` was created with `usage` containing `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`, `offset` must be a multiple of the lesser of VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties::`uniformTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes` or, if VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties::`uniformTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment` is `VK_TRUE`, the size of a texel of the requested `format`. If the size of a texel is a multiple of three bytes, then the size of a single component of `format` is used instead

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkBufferViewCreateInfo-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkBufferViewCreateFlags;

`VkBufferViewCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

To destroy a buffer view, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyBufferView(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBufferView                                bufferView,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the buffer view.

- `bufferView` is the buffer view to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-bufferView-00936
  All submitted commands that refer to `bufferView` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-bufferView-00937
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `bufferView` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-bufferView-00938
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `bufferView` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-bufferView-parameter
  If `bufferView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `bufferView` must be a valid VkBufferView handle

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyBufferView-bufferView-parent
  If `bufferView` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `bufferView` must be externally synchronized

### 12.3. Images

Images represent multidimensional - up to 3 - arrays of data which can be used for various purposes (e.g. attachments, textures), by binding them to a graphics or compute pipeline via descriptor sets, or by directly specifying them as parameters to certain commands.

Images are represented by `VkImage` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkImage)

To create images, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateImage(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageCreateInfo*                    pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkImage*                                    pImage);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the image.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkImageCreateInfo structure containing parameters to be used to create the image.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pImage` is a pointer to a VkImage handle in which the resulting image object is returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateImage-flags-00939
  If the `flags` member of `pCreateInfo` includes `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, creating this `VkImage` must not cause the total required sparse memory for all currently valid sparse resources on the device to exceed `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`sparseAddressSpaceSize`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateImage-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateImage-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateImage-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateImage-pImage-parameter
  `pImage` must be a valid pointer to a VkImage handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkImageCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkImageCreateFlags       flags;
        VkImageType              imageType;
        VkFormat                 format;
        VkExtent3D               extent;
        uint32_t                 mipLevels;
        uint32_t                 arrayLayers;
        VkSampleCountFlagBits    samples;
        VkImageTiling            tiling;
        VkImageUsageFlags        usage;
        VkSharingMode            sharingMode;
        uint32_t                 queueFamilyIndexCount;
        const uint32_t*          pQueueFamilyIndices;
        VkImageLayout            initialLayout;
    } VkImageCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkImageCreateFlagBits describing additional parameters of the image.

- `imageType` is a VkImageType value specifying the basic dimensionality of the image. Layers in array textures do not count as a dimension for the purposes of the image type.

- `format` is a VkFormat describing the format and type of the texel blocks that will be contained in the image.

- `extent` is a VkExtent3D describing the number of data elements in each dimension of the base level.

- `mipLevels` describes the number of levels of detail available for minified sampling of the image.

- `arrayLayers` is the number of layers in the image.

- `samples` is a VkSampleCountFlagBits value specifying the number of samples per texel.

- `tiling` is a VkImageTiling value specifying the tiling arrangement of the texel blocks in memory.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkImageUsageFlagBits describing the intended usage of the image.

- `sharingMode` is a VkSharingMode value specifying the sharing mode of the image when it will be accessed by multiple queue families.

- `queueFamilyIndexCount` is the number of entries in the `pQueueFamilyIndices` array.

- `pQueueFamilyIndices` is a pointer to an array of queue families that will access this image. It is ignored if `sharingMode` is not `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`.

- `initialLayout` is a VkImageLayout value specifying the initial VkImageLayout of all image subresources of the image. See Image Layouts.

Images created with `tiling` equal to `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` have further restrictions on their limits and capabilities compared to images created with `tiling` equal to `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`. Creation of images with tiling `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` may not be supported unless other parameters meet all of the constraints:

- `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- `format` is not a depth/stencil format

- `mipLevels` is 1

- `arrayLayers` is 1

- `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- `usage` only includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` and/or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

Images created with one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, have further restrictions on their limits and capabilities compared to images created with other formats. Creation of images with a format requiring Y′CBCR conversion may not be supported unless other parameters meet all of the constraints:

- `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- `mipLevels` is 1

- `arrayLayers` is 1

- `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

Implementations may support additional limits and capabilities beyond those listed above.

To determine the set of valid `usage` bits for a given format, call vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties.

If the size of the resultant image would exceed `maxResourceSize`, then vkCreateImage must fail and return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`. This failure may occur even when all image creation parameters satisfy their valid usage requirements.

| Note For images created without `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT` a `usage` bit is valid if it is supported for the format the image is created with. For images created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT` a `usage` bit is valid if it is supported for at least one of the formats a `VkImageView` created from the image can have (see Image Views for more detail).

Image Creation Limits

Valid values for some image creation parameters are limited by a numerical upper bound or by inclusion in a bitset. For example, VkImageCreateInfo::`arrayLayers` is limited by `imageCreateMaxArrayLayers`, defined below; and VkImageCreateInfo::`samples` is limited by `imageCreateSampleCounts`, also defined below.

Several limiting values are defined below, as well as assisting values from which the limiting values are derived. The limiting values are referenced by the relevant valid usage statements of VkImageCreateInfo.

- Let `VkBool32 imageCreateMaybeLinear` indicate if the resultant image may be linear. (The definition below is trivial because certain extensions are disabled in this build of the specification).

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, then `imageCreateMaybeLinear` is `VK_TRUE`.

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then `imageCreateMaybeLinear` is `VK_FALSE`.

- Let `VkFormatFeatureFlags imageCreateFormatFeatures` be the set of valid format features available during image creation.

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, then `imageCreateFormatFeatures` is the value of VkFormatProperties::`linearTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties with parameter `format` equal to VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

  - If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then `imageCreateFormatFeatures` is the value of VkFormatProperties::`optimalTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties with parameter `format` equal to VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

- Let `VkImageFormatProperties2 imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList[]` be the list of structures obtained by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2, possibly multiple times, as follows:

  - The parameters VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`format`, `imageType`, `tiling`, `usage`, and `flags` must be equal to those in VkImageCreateInfo.

  - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure whose `handleTypes` is not `0`, then VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`pNext` must contain a VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo structure whose `handleType` is not `0`; and vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 must be called for each handle type in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes`, successively setting VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo::`handleType` on each call.

  - If VkImageCreateInfo::`pNext` contains no VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure, or contains a structure whose `handleTypes` is `0`, then VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`pNext` must either contain no VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo structure, or contain a structure whose `handleType` is `0`.

  - If any call to vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 returns an error, then `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is defined to be the empty list.

- Let `uint32_t imageCreateMaxMipLevels` be the minimum value of VkImageFormatProperties::`maxMipLevels` in `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList`. The value is undefined if `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is empty.

- Let `uint32_t imageCreateMaxArrayLayers` be the minimum value of VkImageFormatProperties::`maxArrayLayers` in `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList`. The value is undefined if `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is empty.

- Let `VkExtent3D imageCreateMaxExtent` be the component-wise minimum over all VkImageFormatProperties::`maxExtent` values in `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList`. The value is undefined if `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is empty.

- Let `VkSampleCountFlags imageCreateSampleCounts` be the intersection of each VkImageFormatProperties::`sampleCounts` in `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList`. The value is undefined if `imageCreateImageFormatPropertiesList` is empty.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageCreateMaxMipLevels-02251
  Each of the following values (as described in Image Creation Limits) must not be undefined : `imageCreateMaxMipLevels`, `imageCreateMaxArrayLayers`, `imageCreateMaxExtent`, and `imageCreateSampleCounts`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sharingMode-00941
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `pQueueFamilyIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `queueFamilyIndexCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sharingMode-00942
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, `queueFamilyIndexCount` must be greater than `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sharingMode-01420
  If `sharingMode` is `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`, each element of `pQueueFamilyIndices` must be unique and must be less than `pQueueFamilyPropertyCount` returned by either vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties or vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2 for the `physicalDevice` that was used to create `device`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-00943
  `format` must not be `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-00944
  `extent.width` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-00945
  `extent.height` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-00946
  `extent.depth` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-mipLevels-00947
  `mipLevels` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-arrayLayers-00948
  `arrayLayers` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-00949
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-00950
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-02252
  `extent.width` must be less than or equal to `imageCreateMaxExtent.width` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-02253
  `extent.height` must be less than or equal to `imageCreateMaxExtent.height` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-extent-02254
  `extent.depth` must be less than or equal to `imageCreateMaxExtent.depth` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00954
  If `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `extent.width` and `extent.height` must be equal and `arrayLayers` must be greater than or equal to 6

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00956
  If `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, both `extent.height` and `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00957
  If `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-mipLevels-00958
  `mipLevels` must be less than or equal to the number of levels in the complete mipmap chain based on `extent.width`, `extent.height`, and `extent.depth`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-mipLevels-02255
  `mipLevels` must be less than or equal to `imageCreateMaxMipLevels` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-arrayLayers-02256
  `arrayLayers` must be less than or equal to `imageCreateMaxArrayLayers` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00961
  If `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, `arrayLayers` must be `1`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-samples-02257
  If `samples` is not `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, then `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `mipLevels` must be equal to `1`, and `imageCreateMaybeLinear` (as defined in Image Creation Limits) must be `VK_FALSE`,

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-00963
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, then bits other than `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` must not be set

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-00964
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `extent.width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxFramebufferWidth`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-00965
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `extent.height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxFramebufferHeight`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-00966
  If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `usage` must also contain at least one of `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-samples-02258
  `samples` must be a bit value that is set in `imageCreateSampleCounts` (as defined in Image Creation Limits)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-00968
  If the multisampled storage images feature is not enabled, and `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`, `samples` must be `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-00969
  If the sparse bindings feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-01924
  If the sparse aliased residency feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-tiling-04121
  If `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00970
  If `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00971
  If the sparse residency for 2D images feature is not enabled, and `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00972
  If the sparse residency for 3D images feature is not enabled, and `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00973
  If the sparse residency for images with 2 samples feature is not enabled, `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00974
  If the sparse residency for images with 4 samples feature is not enabled, `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00975
  If the sparse residency for images with 8 samples feature is not enabled, `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-00976
  If the sparse residency for images with 16 samples feature is not enabled, `imageType` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `samples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-00987
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`, it must also contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-None-01925
  If any of the bits `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` are set, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` must not also be set

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-01890
  If the protected memory feature is not enabled, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-None-01891
  If any of the bits `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` are set, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` must not also be set

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-00990
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure, its `handleTypes` member must only contain bits that are also in VkExternalImageFormatProperties::`externalMemoryProperties.compatibleHandleTypes`, as returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 with `format`, `imageType`, `tiling`, `usage`, and `flags` equal to those in this structure, and with a VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain, with a `handleType` equal to any one of the handle types specified in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-physicalDeviceCount-01421
  If the logical device was created with VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo::`physicalDeviceCount` equal to 1, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-02259
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT`, then `mipLevels` must be one, `arrayLayers` must be one, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`. and `imageCreateMaybeLinear` (as defined in Image Creation Limits) must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-01572
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, then `format` must be a compressed image format

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-01573
  If `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, then `flags` must also contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-initialLayout-00993
  `initialLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-01443
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo or `VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfoNV` structure whose `handleTypes` member is not `0`, `initialLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-06410
  If the image `format` is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, `mipLevels` must be 1

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-06411
  If the image `format` is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, `samples` must be `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-06412
  If the image `format` is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, `imageType` must be `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-06414
  If the image `format` is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, `arrayLayers` must be 1

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageCreateFormatFeatures-02260
  If `format` is a multi-planar format, and if `imageCreateFormatFeatures` (as defined in Image Creation Limits) does not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DISJOINT_BIT`, then `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-01577
  If `format` is not a multi-planar format, and `flags` does not include `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT`, `flags` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-04712
  If `format` has a `_422` or `_420` suffix, `width` must be a multiple of 2

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-04713
  If `format` has a `_420` suffix, `height` must be a multiple of 2

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02795
  If `format` is a depth-stencil format, `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure, then its VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` member must also include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02796
  If `format` is a depth-stencil format, `usage` does not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure, then its VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` member must also not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02797
  If `format` is a depth-stencil format, `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure, then its VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` member must also include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02798
  If `format` is a depth-stencil format, `usage` does not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure, then its VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` member must also not include `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-Format-02536
  If `Format` is a depth-stencil format and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure with its `stencilUsage` member including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `extent.width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxFramebufferWidth`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02537
  If `format` is a depth-stencil format and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure with its `stencilUsage` member including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, `extent.height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxFramebufferHeight`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-02538
  If the multisampled storage images feature is not enabled, `format` is a depth-stencil format and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure with its `stencilUsage` including `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`, `samples` must be `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-04737
  If a VkImageFormatListCreateInfo structure was included in the `pNext` chain and VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`viewFormatCount` is not zero, then all of the formats in VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`pViewFormats` must be compatible with the `format` as described in the compatibility table

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-04738
  If `flags` does not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` and the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageFormatListCreateInfo structure, then VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`viewFormatCount` must be `0` or `1`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo, VkImageFormatListCreateInfo, or VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkImageCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-imageType-parameter
  `imageType` must be a valid VkImageType value

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-samples-parameter
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-tiling-parameter
  `tiling` must be a valid VkImageTiling value

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-sharingMode-parameter
  `sharingMode` must be a valid VkSharingMode value

- VUID-VkImageCreateInfo-initialLayout-parameter
  `initialLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

The `VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType      sType;
        const void*          pNext;
        VkImageUsageFlags    stencilUsage;
    } VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `stencilUsage` is a bitmask of VkImageUsageFlagBits describing the intended usage of the stencil aspect of the image.

If the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo includes a `VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo` structure, then that structure includes the usage flags specific to the stencil aspect of the image for an image with a depth-stencil format.

This structure specifies image usages which only apply to the stencil aspect of a depth/stencil format image. When this structure is included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, the stencil aspect of the image must only be used as specified by `stencilUsage`. When this structure is not included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, the stencil aspect of an image must only be used as specified by VkImageCreateInfo::`usage`. Use of other aspects of an image are unaffected by this structure.

This structure can also be included in the `pNext` chain of VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 to query additional capabilities specific to image creation parameter combinations including a separate set of usage flags for the stencil aspect of the image using vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2. When this structure is not included in the `pNext` chain of `VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2` then the implicit value of `stencilUsage` matches that of `VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2`::`usage`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo-stencilUsage-02539
  If `stencilUsage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, it must not include bits other than `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_STENCIL_USAGE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo-stencilUsage-parameter
  `stencilUsage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo-stencilUsage-requiredbitmask
  `stencilUsage` must not be `0`

To define a set of external memory handle types that may be used as backing store for an image, add a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkImageCreateInfo structure. The `VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        const void*                        pNext;
        VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags    handleTypes;
    } VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo;

| Note A `VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo` structure with a non-zero `handleTypes` field must be included in the creation parameters for an image that will be bound to memory that is either exported or imported.

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleTypes` is zero, or a bitmask of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits specifying one or more external memory handle types.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo-handleTypes-parameter
  `handleTypes` must be a valid combination of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits values

If the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo includes a `VkImageFormatListCreateInfo` structure, then that structure contains a list of all formats that can be used when creating views of this image.

The `VkImageFormatListCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkImageFormatListCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           viewFormatCount;
        const VkFormat*    pViewFormats;
    } VkImageFormatListCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `viewFormatCount` is the number of entries in the `pViewFormats` array.

- `pViewFormats` is a pointer to an array of VkFormat values specifying all formats which can be used when creating views of this image.

If `viewFormatCount` is zero, `pViewFormats` is ignored and the image is created as if the `VkImageFormatListCreateInfo` structure were not included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageFormatListCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkImageFormatListCreateInfo-pViewFormats-parameter
  If `viewFormatCount` is not `0`, `pViewFormats` must be a valid pointer to an array of `viewFormatCount` valid VkFormat values

Bits which can be set in * VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo::`usage` * VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` * VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` specify intended usage of an image, and are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageUsageFlagBits {
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000040,
        VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000080,
    } VkImageUsageFlagBits;

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` specifies that the image can be used as the source of a transfer command.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` specifies that the image can be used as the destination of a transfer command.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot either of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, and be sampled by a shader.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for occupying a `VkDescriptorSet` slot of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for use as a color or resolve attachment in a `VkFramebuffer`.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for use as a depth/stencil or depth/stencil resolve attachment in a `VkFramebuffer`.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that implementations may support using memory allocations with the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT` to back an image with this usage. This bit can be set for any image that can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for use as a color, resolve, depth/stencil, or input attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` suitable for occupying `VkDescriptorSet` slot of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`; be read from a shader as an input attachment; and be used as an input attachment in a framebuffer.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkImageUsageFlags;

`VkImageUsageFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageUsageFlagBits.

When creating a `VkImageView` one of the following VkImageUsageFlagBits must be set:

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

Bits which can be set in VkImageCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying additional parameters of an image, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageCreateFlagBits {
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT = 0x00000010,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT = 0x00000400,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT = 0x00000040,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT = 0x00000020,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT = 0x00000080,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT = 0x00000100,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT = 0x00000800,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT = 0x00000200,
    } VkImageCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` specifies that the image will be backed using sparse memory binding.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` specifies that the image can be partially backed using sparse memory binding. Images created with this flag must also be created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flag.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` specifies that the image will be backed using sparse memory binding with memory ranges that might also simultaneously be backing another image (or another portion of the same image). Images created with this flag must also be created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flag.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` with a different format from the image. For multi-planar formats, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` specifies that a `VkImageView` can be created of a plane of the image.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` of type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` specifies that the image can be used to create a `VkImageView` of type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` specifies that the image is a protected image.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT` specifies that the image can be used with a non-zero value of the `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` member of a VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure passed into vkBindImageMemory2. This flag also has the effect of making the image use the standard sparse image block dimensions.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` specifies that the image having a compressed format can be used to create a `VkImageView` with an uncompressed format where each texel in the image view corresponds to a compressed texel block of the image.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT` specifies that the image can be created with usage flags that are not supported for the format the image is created with but are supported for at least one format a `VkImageView` created from the image can have.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` specifies that an image with a multi-planar format must have each plane separately bound to memory, rather than having a single memory binding for the whole image; the presence of this bit distinguishes a disjoint image from an image without this bit set.

- `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT` specifies that two images created with the same creation parameters and aliased to the same memory can interpret the contents of the memory consistently with each other, subject to the rules described in the Memory Aliasing section. This flag further specifies that each plane of a disjoint image can share an in-memory non-linear representation with single-plane images, and that a single-plane image can share an in-memory non-linear representation with a plane of a multi-planar disjoint image, according to the rules in Compatible formats of planes of multi-planar formats. If the `pNext` chain includes a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure whose `handleTypes` member is not `0`, it is as if `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT` is set.

See Sparse Resource Features and Sparse Physical Device Features for more details.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkImageCreateFlags;

`VkImageCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageCreateFlagBits.

Possible values of VkImageCreateInfo::`imageType`, specifying the basic dimensionality of an image, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageType {
        VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D = 0,
        VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D = 1,
        VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D = 2,
    } VkImageType;

- `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` specifies a one-dimensional image.

- `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` specifies a two-dimensional image.

- `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` specifies a three-dimensional image.

Possible values of VkImageCreateInfo::`tiling`, specifying the tiling arrangement of texel blocks in an image, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageTiling {
        VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL = 0,
        VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR = 1,
    } VkImageTiling;

- `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL` specifies optimal tiling (texels are laid out in an implementation-dependent arrangement, for more efficient memory access).

- `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` specifies linear tiling (texels are laid out in memory in row-major order, possibly with some padding on each row).

To query the memory layout of an image subresource, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        const VkImageSubresource*                   pSubresource,
        VkSubresourceLayout*                        pLayout);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `image` is the image whose layout is being queried.

- `pSubresource` is a pointer to a VkImageSubresource structure selecting a specific image for the image subresource.

- `pLayout` is a pointer to a VkSubresourceLayout structure in which the layout is returned.

The image must be linear. The returned layout is valid for host access.

If the image’s format is a multi-planar format, then `vkGetImageSubresourceLayout` describes one plane of the image.

`vkGetImageSubresourceLayout` is invariant for the lifetime of a single image.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-image-00996
  `image` must have been created with `tiling` equal to `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-aspectMask-00997
  The `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must only have a single bit set

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-mipLevel-01716
  The `mipLevel` member of `pSubresource` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-arrayLayer-01717
  The `arrayLayer` member of `pSubresource` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-format-04461
  If `format` is a color format, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-format-04462
  If `format` has a depth component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-format-04463
  If `format` has a stencil component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-format-04464
  If `format` does not contain a stencil or depth component, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-format-01581
  If the `tiling` of the `image` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` and its `format` is a multi-planar format with two planes, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-format-01582
  If the `tiling` of the `image` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` and its `format` is a multi-planar format with three planes, the `aspectMask` member of `pSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-pSubresource-parameter
  `pSubresource` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageSubresource structure

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-pLayout-parameter
  `pLayout` must be a valid pointer to a VkSubresourceLayout structure

- VUID-vkGetImageSubresourceLayout-image-parent
  `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

The `VkImageSubresource` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageSubresource {
        VkImageAspectFlags    aspectMask;
        uint32_t              mipLevel;
        uint32_t              arrayLayer;
    } VkImageSubresource;

- `aspectMask` is a VkImageAspectFlags value selecting the image aspect.

- `mipLevel` selects the mipmap level.

- `arrayLayer` selects the array layer.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageSubresource-aspectMask-parameter
  `aspectMask` must be a valid combination of VkImageAspectFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageSubresource-aspectMask-requiredbitmask
  `aspectMask` must not be `0`

Information about the layout of the image subresource is returned in a `VkSubresourceLayout` structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSubresourceLayout {
        VkDeviceSize    offset;
        VkDeviceSize    size;
        VkDeviceSize    rowPitch;
        VkDeviceSize    arrayPitch;
        VkDeviceSize    depthPitch;
    } VkSubresourceLayout;

- `offset` is the byte offset from the start of the image or the plane where the image subresource begins.

- `size` is the size in bytes of the image subresource. `size` includes any extra memory that is required based on `rowPitch`.

- `rowPitch` describes the number of bytes between each row of texels in an image.

- `arrayPitch` describes the number of bytes between each array layer of an image.

- `depthPitch` describes the number of bytes between each slice of 3D image.

If the image is linear, then `rowPitch`, `arrayPitch` and `depthPitch` describe the layout of the image subresource in linear memory. For uncompressed formats, `rowPitch` is the number of bytes between texels with the same x coordinate in adjacent rows (y coordinates differ by one). `arrayPitch` is the number of bytes between texels with the same x and y coordinate in adjacent array layers of the image (array layer values differ by one). `depthPitch` is the number of bytes between texels with the same x and y coordinate in adjacent slices of a 3D image (z coordinates differ by one). Expressed as an addressing formula, the starting byte of a texel in the image subresource has address:

    // (x,y,z,layer) are in texel coordinates
    address(x,y,z,layer) = layer*arrayPitch + z*depthPitch + y*rowPitch + x*elementSize + offset

For compressed formats, the `rowPitch` is the number of bytes between compressed texel blocks in adjacent rows. `arrayPitch` is the number of bytes between compressed texel blocks in adjacent array layers. `depthPitch` is the number of bytes between compressed texel blocks in adjacent slices of a 3D image.

    // (x,y,z,layer) are in compressed texel block coordinates
    address(x,y,z,layer) = layer*arrayPitch + z*depthPitch + y*rowPitch + x*compressedTexelBlockByteSize + offset;

The value of `arrayPitch` is undefined for images that were not created as arrays. `depthPitch` is defined only for 3D images.

If the image has a single-plane color format , then the `aspectMask` member of `VkImageSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`.

If the image has a depth/stencil format , then `aspectMask` must be either `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`. On implementations that store depth and stencil aspects separately, querying each of these image subresource layouts will return a different `offset` and `size` representing the region of memory used for that aspect. On implementations that store depth and stencil aspects interleaved, the same `offset` and `size` are returned and represent the interleaved memory allocation.

If the image has a multi-planar format , then the `aspectMask` member of `VkImageSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or (for 3-plane formats only) `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`. Querying each of these image subresource layouts will return a different `offset` and `size` representing the region of memory used for that plane. If the image is disjoint, then the `offset` is relative to the base address of the plane. If the image is non-disjoint, then the `offset` is relative to the base address of the image.

To destroy an image, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyImage(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the image.

- `image` is the image to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-01000
  All submitted commands that refer to `image`, either directly or via a `VkImageView`, must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-01001
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `image` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-01002
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `image` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-parameter
  If `image` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyImage-image-parent
  If `image` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `image` must be externally synchronized

#### 12.3.1. Image Format Features

Valid uses of a VkImage may depend on the image’s format features, defined below. Such constraints are documented in the affected valid usage statement.

- If the image was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, then its set of format features is the value of VkFormatProperties::`linearTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties on the same `format` as VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

- If the image was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then its set of format features is the value of VkFormatProperties::`optimalTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties on the same `format` as VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

#### 12.3.2. Image Miplevel Sizing

A complete mipmap chain is the full set of miplevels, from the largest miplevel provided, down to the minimum miplevel size.

##### Conventional Images

For conventional images, the dimensions of each successive miplevel, n+1, are:

  `width`n+1 = max(⌊`width`n/2⌋, 1)

  `height`n+1 = max(⌊`height`n/2⌋, 1)

  `depth`n+1 = max(⌊`depth`n/2⌋, 1)

where `width`n, `height`n, and `depth`n are the dimensions of the next larger miplevel, n.

The minimum miplevel size is:

- 1 for one-dimensional images,

- 1x1 for two-dimensional images, and

- 1x1x1 for three-dimensional images.

The number of levels in a complete mipmap chain is:

  ⌊log2(max(`width`0, `height`0, `depth`0))⌋ + 1

where `width`0, `height`0, and `depth`0 are the dimensions of the largest (most detailed) miplevel, `0`.

### 12.4. Image Layouts

Images are stored in implementation-dependent opaque layouts in memory. Each layout has limitations on what kinds of operations are supported for image subresources using the layout. At any given time, the data representing an image subresource in memory exists in a particular layout which is determined by the most recent layout transition that was performed on that image subresource. Applications have control over which layout each image subresource uses, and can transition an image subresource from one layout to another. Transitions can happen with an image memory barrier, included as part of a vkCmdPipelineBarrier or a vkCmdWaitEvents command buffer command (see Image Memory Barriers), or as part of a subpass dependency within a render pass (see `VkSubpassDependency`).

Image layout is per-image subresource. Separate image subresources of the same image can be in different layouts at the same time, with the exception that depth and stencil aspects of a given image subresource can only be in different layouts if the `separateDepthStencilLayouts` feature is enabled.

| Note Each layout may offer optimal performance for a specific usage of image memory. For example, an image with a layout of `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` may provide optimal performance for use as a color attachment, but be unsupported for use in transfer commands. Applications can transition an image subresource from one layout to another in order to achieve optimal performance when the image subresource is used for multiple kinds of operations. After initialization, applications need not use any layout other than the general layout, though this may produce suboptimal performance on some implementations.

Upon creation, all image subresources of an image are initially in the same layout, where that layout is selected by the `VkImageCreateInfo`::`initialLayout` member. The `initialLayout` must be either `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`. If it is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`, then the image data can be preinitialized by the host while using this layout, and the transition away from this layout will preserve that data. If it is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED`, then the contents of the data are considered to be undefined, and the transition away from this layout is not guaranteed to preserve that data. For either of these initial layouts, any image subresources must be transitioned to another layout before they are accessed by the device.

Host access to image memory is only well-defined for linear images and for image subresources of those images which are currently in either the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout. Calling vkGetImageSubresourceLayout for a linear image returns a subresource layout mapping that is valid for either of those image layouts.

The set of image layouts consists of:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageLayout {
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED = 0,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL = 1,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 2,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 3,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 4,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 5,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL = 6,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL = 7,
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED = 8,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 1000117000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 1000117001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 1000241000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 1000241001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 1000241002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 1000241003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL = 1000314000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL = 1000314001,
    } VkImageLayout;

The type(s) of device access supported by each layout are:

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` specifies that the layout is unknown. Image memory cannot be transitioned into this layout. This layout can be used as the `initialLayout` member of VkImageCreateInfo. This layout can be used in place of the current image layout in a layout transition, but doing so will cause the contents of the image’s memory to be undefined.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` specifies that an image’s memory is in a defined layout and can be populated by data, but that it has not yet been initialized by the driver. Image memory cannot be transitioned into this layout. This layout can be used as the `initialLayout` member of VkImageCreateInfo. This layout is intended to be used as the initial layout for an image whose contents are written by the host, and hence the data can be written to memory immediately, without first executing a layout transition. Currently, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` is only useful with linear images because there is not a standard layout defined for `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL` images.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` supports all types of device access.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout that must only be used with attachment accesses in the graphics pipeline.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout allowing read only access as an attachment, or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` must only be used as a color or resolve attachment in a `VkFramebuffer`. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for both the depth and stencil aspects of a depth/stencil format image allowing read and write access as a depth/stencil attachment. It is equivalent to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for both the depth and stencil aspects of a depth/stencil format image allowing read only access as a depth/stencil attachment or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment. It is equivalent to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for depth/stencil format images allowing read and write access to the stencil aspect as a stencil attachment, and read only access to the depth aspect as a depth attachment or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment. It is equivalent to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for depth/stencil format images allowing read and write access to the depth aspect as a depth attachment, and read only access to the stencil aspect as a stencil attachment or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment. It is equivalent to `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for the depth aspect of a depth/stencil format image allowing read and write access as a depth attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for the depth aspect of a depth/stencil format image allowing read-only access as a depth attachment or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for the stencil aspect of a depth/stencil format image allowing read and write access as a stencil attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout for the stencil aspect of a depth/stencil format image allowing read-only access as a stencil attachment or in shaders as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` specifies a layout allowing read-only access in a shader as a sampled image, combined image/sampler, or input attachment. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` usage bits enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` must only be used as a source image of a transfer command (see the definition of `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT`). This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` usage bit enabled.

- `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` must only be used as a destination image of a transfer command. This layout is valid only for image subresources of images created with the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage bit enabled.

The layout of each image subresource is not a state of the image subresource itself, but is rather a property of how the data in memory is organized, and thus for each mechanism of accessing an image in the API the application must specify a parameter or structure member that indicates which image layout the image subresource(s) are considered to be in when the image will be accessed. For transfer commands, this is a parameter to the command (see Clear Commands and Copy Commands). For use as a framebuffer attachment, this is a member in the substructures of the VkRenderPassCreateInfo (see Render Pass). For use in a descriptor set, this is a member in the `VkDescriptorImageInfo` structure (see Descriptor Set Updates).

#### 12.4.1. Image Layout Matching Rules

At the time that any command buffer command accessing an image executes on any queue, the layouts of the image subresources that are accessed must all match exactly the layout specified via the API controlling those accesses, except in case of accesses to an image with a depth/stencil format performed through descriptors referring to only a single aspect of the image, where the following relaxed matching rules apply:

- Descriptors referring just to the depth aspect of a depth/stencil image only need to match in the image layout of the depth aspect, thus `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL` are considered to match.

- Descriptors referring just to the stencil aspect of a depth/stencil image only need to match in the image layout of the stencil aspect, thus `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` are considered to match.

When performing a layout transition on an image subresource, the old layout value must either equal the current layout of the image subresource (at the time the transition executes), or else be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` (implying that the contents of the image subresource need not be preserved). The new layout used in a transition must not be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED`.

### 12.5. Image Views

Image objects are not directly accessed by pipeline shaders for reading or writing image data. Instead, image views representing contiguous ranges of the image subresources and containing additional metadata are used for that purpose. Views must be created on images of compatible types, and must represent a valid subset of image subresources.

Image views are represented by `VkImageView` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkImageView)

`VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS` is a special constant value used for image views to indicate that all remaining array layers in an image after the base layer should be included in the view.

    #define VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS         (~0U)

`VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS` is a special constant value used for image views to indicate that all remaining mipmap levels in an image after the base level should be included in the view.

    #define VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS           (~0U)

The types of image views that can be created are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageViewType {
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D = 0,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D = 1,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D = 2,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE = 3,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY = 4,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY = 5,
        VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY = 6,
    } VkImageViewType;

To create an image view, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateImageView(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageViewCreateInfo*                pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkImageView*                                pView);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the image view.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a `VkImageViewCreateInfo` structure containing parameters to be used to create the image view.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pView` is a pointer to a VkImageView handle in which the resulting image view object is returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateImageView-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateImageView-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageViewCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateImageView-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateImageView-pView-parameter
  `pView` must be a valid pointer to a VkImageView handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkImageViewCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageViewCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        const void*                pNext;
        VkImageViewCreateFlags     flags;
        VkImage                    image;
        VkImageViewType            viewType;
        VkFormat                   format;
        VkComponentMapping         components;
        VkImageSubresourceRange    subresourceRange;
    } VkImageViewCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkImageViewCreateFlagBits describing additional parameters of the image view.

- `image` is a VkImage on which the view will be created.

- `viewType` is a VkImageViewType value specifying the type of the image view.

- `format` is a VkFormat describing the format and type used to interpret texel blocks in the image.

- `components` is a VkComponentMapping structure specifying a remapping of color components (or of depth or stencil components after they have been converted into color components).

- `subresourceRange` is a VkImageSubresourceRange structure selecting the set of mipmap levels and array layers to be accessible to the view.

Some of the `image` creation parameters are inherited by the view. In particular, image view creation inherits the implicit parameter `usage` specifying the allowed usages of the image view that, by default, takes the value of the corresponding `usage` parameter specified in VkImageCreateInfo at image creation time. The implicit `usage` can be overriden by adding a VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure to the `pNext` chain, but the view usage must be a subset of the image usage. If `image` has a depth-stencil format and was created with a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, the usage is calculated based on the `subresource.aspectMask` provided:

- If `aspectMask` includes only `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, the implicit `usage` is equal to VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage`.

- If `aspectMask` includes only `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT`, the implicit `usage` is equal to VkImageCreateInfo::`usage`.

- If both aspects are included in `aspectMask`, the implicit `usage` is equal to the intersection of VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` and VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage`.

If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` flag, and if the `format` of the image is not multi-planar, `format` can be different from the image’s format, but if `image` was created without the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag and they are not equal they must be compatible. Image format compatibility is defined in the Format Compatibility Classes section. Views of compatible formats will have the same mapping between texel coordinates and memory locations irrespective of the `format`, with only the interpretation of the bit pattern changing.

| Note Values intended to be used with one view format may not be exactly preserved when written or read through a different format. For example, an integer value that happens to have the bit pattern of a floating point denorm or NaN may be flushed or canonicalized when written or read through a view with a floating point format. Similarly, a value written through a signed normalized format that has a bit pattern exactly equal to -2b may be changed to -2b + 1 as described in Conversion from Normalized Fixed-Point to Floating-Point.

If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag, `format` must be compatible with the image’s format as described above, or must be an uncompressed format in which case it must be size-compatible with the image’s format, as defined for copying data between images. In this case, the resulting image view’s texel dimensions equal the dimensions of the selected mip level divided by the compressed texel block size and rounded up.

The VkComponentMapping `components` member describes a remapping from components of the image to components of the vector returned by shader image instructions. This remapping must be the identity swizzle for storage image descriptors, input attachment descriptors, framebuffer attachments, and any `VkImageView` used with a combined image sampler that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion.

If the image view is to be used with a sampler which supports sampler Y′CBCR conversion, an identically defined object of type VkSamplerYcbcrConversion to that used to create the sampler must be passed to vkCreateImageView in a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageViewCreateInfo. Conversely, if a VkSamplerYcbcrConversion object is passed to vkCreateImageView, an identically defined VkSamplerYcbcrConversion object must be used when sampling the image.

If the image has a multi-planar `format` and `subresourceRange.aspectMask` is `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, then the `format` must be identical to the image `format`, and the sampler to be used with the image view must enable sampler Y′CBCR conversion.

If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` and the image has a multi-planar `format`, and if `subresourceRange.aspectMask` is `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`, `format` must be compatible with the corresponding plane of the image, and the sampler to be used with the image view must not enable sampler Y′CBCR conversion. The `width` and `height` of the single-plane image view must be derived from the multi-planar image’s dimensions in the manner listed for plane compatibility for the plane.

Any view of an image plane will have the same mapping between texel coordinates and memory locations as used by the components of the color aspect, subject to the formulae relating texel coordinates to lower-resolution planes as described in Chroma Reconstruction. That is, if an R or B plane has a reduced resolution relative to the G plane of the multi-planar image, the image view operates using the (uplane, vplane) unnormalized coordinates of the reduced-resolution plane, and these coordinates access the same memory locations as the (ucolor, vcolor) unnormalized coordinates of the color aspect for which chroma reconstruction operations operate on the same (uplane, vplane) or (iplane, jplane) coordinates.

Table 7. Image type and image view type compatibility requirements
Image View Type | Compatible Image Types
--- | ---
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` , `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` , `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`
`VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D` | `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01003
  If `image` was not created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT` then `viewType` must not be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-01004
  If the image cube map arrays feature is not enabled, `viewType` must not be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01005
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` but without `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` set then `viewType` must not be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04970
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` then `subresourceRange.levelCount` must be 1

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04971
  If `image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` then VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` must not contain any of `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04972
  If `image` was created with a `samples` value not equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` then `viewType` must be either `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04441
  `image` must have been created with a `usage` value containing at least one of the usages defined in the valid image usage list for image views

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-None-02273
  The format features of the resultant image view must contain at least one bit

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-02274
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, then the format features of the resultant image view must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-02275
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-02276
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-02277
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-usage-02652
  If `usage` contains `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, then the image view’s format features must contain at least one of `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` or `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-01478
  `subresourceRange.baseMipLevel` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-01718
  If `subresourceRange.levelCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS`, `subresourceRange.baseMipLevel` + `subresourceRange.levelCount` must be less than or equal to the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01482
  If `image` is not a 3D image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` set, or `viewType` is not `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-01483
  If `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, `image` is not a 3D image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` set, or `viewType` is not `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be non-zero and `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` + `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-02724
  If `image` is a 3D image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` set, and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` must be less than the depth computed from `baseMipLevel` and `extent.depth` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created, according to the formula defined in Image Miplevel Sizing

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-02725
  If `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, `image` is a 3D image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT` set, and `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY`, `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be non-zero and `subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer` + `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be less than or equal to the depth computed from `baseMipLevel` and `extent.depth` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created, according to the formula defined in Image Miplevel Sizing

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01761
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` flag, but without the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag, and if the `format` of the `image` is not a multi-planar format, `format` must be compatible with the `format` used to create `image`, as defined in Format Compatibility Classes

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01583
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag, `format` must be compatible with, or must be an uncompressed format that is size-compatible with, the `format` used to create `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01584
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag, the `levelCount` and `layerCount` members of `subresourceRange` must both be `1`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-04739
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT` flag and `format` is a non-compressed format, `viewType` must not be `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-01585
  If a VkImageFormatListCreateInfo structure was included in the `pNext` chain of the VkImageCreateInfo structure used when creating `image` and VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`viewFormatCount` is not zero then `format` must be one of the formats in VkImageFormatListCreateInfo::`pViewFormats`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01586
  If `image` was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` flag, if the `format` of the `image` is a multi-planar format, and if `subresourceRange.aspectMask` is one of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`, then `format` must be compatible with the VkFormat for the plane of the `image` `format` indicated by `subresourceRange.aspectMask`, as defined in Compatible formats of planes of multi-planar formats

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01762
  If `image` was not created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT` flag, or if the `format` of the `image` is a multi-planar format and if `subresourceRange.aspectMask` is `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, `format` must be identical to the `format` used to create `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-format-06415
  If the image view requires a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, the `pNext` chain must include a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo structure with a conversion value other than VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-format-04714
  If `format` has a `_422` or `_420` suffix then `image` must have been created with a width that is a multiple of 2

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-format-04715
  If `format` has a `_420` suffix then `image` must have been created with a height that is a multiple of 2

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-01970
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo structure with a `conversion` value other than VK_NULL_HANDLE, all members of `components` must have the identity swizzle

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-06658
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo structure with a `conversion` value other than VK_NULL_HANDLE, `format` must be the same used in VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo::`format`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-01020
  If `image` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subResourceRange-01021
  `viewType` must be compatible with the type of `image` as shown in the view type compatibility table

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-02662
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure, and `image` was not created with a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, its `usage` member must not include any bits that were not set in the `usage` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure used to create `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-02663
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure, `image` was created with a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, and `subresourceRange.aspectMask` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, the `usage` member of the VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure must not include any bits that were not set in the `usage` member of the VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure used to create `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-02664
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure, `image` was created with a VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo structure included in the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo, and `subresourceRange.aspectMask` includes bits other than `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, the `usage` member of the VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo structure must not include any bits that were not set in the `usage` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure used to create `image`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-imageViewType-04973
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`, or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`; and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, then `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be 1

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-imageViewType-04974
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`, or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`; and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, then the remaining number of layers must be 1

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-02960
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be `6`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-02961
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY` and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, `subresourceRange.layerCount` must be a multiple of `6`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-02962
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, the remaining number of layers must be `6`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-02963
  If `viewType` is `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY` and `subresourceRange.layerCount` is `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, the remaining number of layers must be a multiple of `6`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo or VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-viewType-parameter
  `viewType` must be a valid VkImageViewType value

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-components-parameter
  `components` must be a valid VkComponentMapping structure

- VUID-VkImageViewCreateInfo-subresourceRange-parameter
  `subresourceRange` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceRange structure

Bits which can be set in VkImageViewCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying additional parameters of an image view, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageViewCreateFlagBits {
    } VkImageViewCreateFlagBits;

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkImageViewCreateFlags;

`VkImageViewCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageViewCreateFlagBits.

The set of usages for the created image view can be restricted compared to the parent image’s `usage` flags by adding a `VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo` structure to the `pNext` chain of VkImageViewCreateInfo.

The `VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType      sType;
        const void*          pNext;
        VkImageUsageFlags    usage;
    } VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkImageUsageFlagBits specifying allowed usages of the image view.

When this structure is chained to VkImageViewCreateInfo the `usage` field overrides the implicit `usage` parameter inherited from image creation time and its value is used instead for the purposes of determining the valid usage conditions of VkImageViewCreateInfo.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_USAGE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

The `VkImageSubresourceRange` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageSubresourceRange {
        VkImageAspectFlags    aspectMask;
        uint32_t              baseMipLevel;
        uint32_t              levelCount;
        uint32_t              baseArrayLayer;
        uint32_t              layerCount;
    } VkImageSubresourceRange;

- `aspectMask` is a bitmask of VkImageAspectFlagBits specifying which aspect(s) of the image are included in the view.

- `baseMipLevel` is the first mipmap level accessible to the view.

- `levelCount` is the number of mipmap levels (starting from `baseMipLevel`) accessible to the view.

- `baseArrayLayer` is the first array layer accessible to the view.

- `layerCount` is the number of array layers (starting from `baseArrayLayer`) accessible to the view.

The number of mipmap levels and array layers must be a subset of the image subresources in the image. If an application wants to use all mip levels or layers in an image after the `baseMipLevel` or `baseArrayLayer`, it can set `levelCount` and `layerCount` to the special values `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS` and `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS` without knowing the exact number of mip levels or layers.

For cube and cube array image views, the layers of the image view starting at `baseArrayLayer` correspond to faces in the order +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z. For cube arrays, each set of six sequential layers is a single cube, so the number of cube maps in a cube map array view is `layerCount` / 6, and image array layer (`baseArrayLayer` + i) is face index (i mod 6) of cube i / 6. If the number of layers in the view, whether set explicitly in `layerCount` or implied by `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, is not a multiple of 6, the last cube map in the array must not be accessed.

`aspectMask` must be only `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` if `format` is a color, depth-only or stencil-only format, respectively, except if `format` is a multi-planar format. If using a depth/stencil format with both depth and stencil components, `aspectMask` must include at least one of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, and can include both.

When the `VkImageSubresourceRange` structure is used to select a subset of the slices of a 3D image’s mip level in order to create a 2D or 2D array image view of a 3D image created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT`, `baseArrayLayer` and `layerCount` specify the first slice index and the number of slices to include in the created image view. Such an image view can be used as a framebuffer attachment that refers only to the specified range of slices of the selected mip level. However, any layout transitions performed on such an attachment view during a render pass instance still apply to the entire subresource referenced which includes all the slices of the selected mip level.

When using an image view of a depth/stencil image to populate a descriptor set (e.g. for sampling in the shader, or for use as an input attachment), the `aspectMask` must only include one bit, which selects whether the image view is used for depth reads (i.e. using a floating-point sampler or input attachment in the shader) or stencil reads (i.e. using an unsigned integer sampler or input attachment in the shader). When an image view of a depth/stencil image is used as a depth/stencil framebuffer attachment, the `aspectMask` is ignored and both depth and stencil image subresources are used.

When creating a `VkImageView`, if sampler Y′CBCR conversion is enabled in the sampler, the `aspectMask` of a `subresourceRange` used by the `VkImageView` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`.

When creating a `VkImageView`, if sampler Y′CBCR conversion is not enabled in the sampler and the image `format` is multi-planar, the image must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT`, and the `aspectMask` of the `VkImageView`’s `subresourceRange` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-levelCount-01720
  If `levelCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS`, it must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-layerCount-01721
  If `layerCount` is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, it must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-aspectMask-01670
  If `aspectMask` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, then it must not include any of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-aspectMask-parameter
  `aspectMask` must be a valid combination of VkImageAspectFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceRange-aspectMask-requiredbitmask
  `aspectMask` must not be `0`

Bits which can be set in an aspect mask to specify aspects of an image for purposes such as identifying a subresource, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkImageAspectFlagBits {
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT = 0x00000008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT = 0x00000010,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT = 0x00000020,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT = 0x00000040,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE = 0,
    } VkImageAspectFlagBits;

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE` specifies no image aspect, or the image aspect is not applicable.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT` specifies the color aspect.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` specifies the depth aspect.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` specifies the stencil aspect.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT` specifies the metadata aspect, used for sparse resource operations.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` specifies plane 0 of a multi-planar image format.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` specifies plane 1 of a multi-planar image format.

- `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` specifies plane 2 of a multi-planar image format.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkImageAspectFlags;

`VkImageAspectFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkImageAspectFlagBits.

The `VkComponentMapping` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkComponentMapping {
        VkComponentSwizzle    r;
        VkComponentSwizzle    g;
        VkComponentSwizzle    b;
        VkComponentSwizzle    a;
    } VkComponentMapping;

- `r` is a VkComponentSwizzle specifying the component value placed in the R component of the output vector.

- `g` is a VkComponentSwizzle specifying the component value placed in the G component of the output vector.

- `b` is a VkComponentSwizzle specifying the component value placed in the B component of the output vector.

- `a` is a VkComponentSwizzle specifying the component value placed in the A component of the output vector.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkComponentMapping-r-parameter
  `r` must be a valid VkComponentSwizzle value

- VUID-VkComponentMapping-g-parameter
  `g` must be a valid VkComponentSwizzle value

- VUID-VkComponentMapping-b-parameter
  `b` must be a valid VkComponentSwizzle value

- VUID-VkComponentMapping-a-parameter
  `a` must be a valid VkComponentSwizzle value

Possible values of the members of VkComponentMapping, specifying the component values placed in each component of the output vector, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkComponentSwizzle {
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY = 0,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ZERO = 1,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ONE = 2,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R = 3,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G = 4,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B = 5,
        VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A = 6,
    } VkComponentSwizzle;

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY` specifies that the component is set to the identity swizzle.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ZERO` specifies that the component is set to zero.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ONE` specifies that the component is set to either 1 or 1.0, depending on whether the type of the image view format is integer or floating-point respectively, as determined by the Format Definition section for each VkFormat.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R` specifies that the component is set to the value of the R component of the image.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G` specifies that the component is set to the value of the G component of the image.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B` specifies that the component is set to the value of the B component of the image.

- `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A` specifies that the component is set to the value of the A component of the image.

Setting the identity swizzle on a component is equivalent to setting the identity mapping on that component. That is:

Table 8. Component Mappings Equivalent To `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY`
Component | Identity Mapping
--- | ---
`components.r` | `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R`
`components.g` | `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G`
`components.b` | `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B`
`components.a` | `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A`

To destroy an image view, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyImageView(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImageView                                 imageView,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the image view.

- `imageView` is the image view to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-imageView-01026
  All submitted commands that refer to `imageView` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-imageView-01027
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `imageView` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-imageView-01028
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `imageView` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-imageView-parameter
  If `imageView` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `imageView` must be a valid VkImageView handle

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyImageView-imageView-parent
  If `imageView` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `imageView` must be externally synchronized

#### 12.5.1. Image View Format Features

Valid uses of a VkImageView may depend on the image view’s format features, defined below. Such constraints are documented in the affected valid usage statement.

- If Vulkan 1.3 is supported or the ``VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2`` extension is enabled, and VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, then the image view’s set of format features is the value of VkFormatProperties3::`linearTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2 on the same `format` as VkImageViewCreateInfo::`format`.

- If Vulkan 1.3 is not supported and the ``VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2`` extension is not enabled, and VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`, then the image view’s set of format features is the union of the value of VkFormatProperties::`linearTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties on the same `format` as VkImageViewCreateInfo::`format`, with:

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT` if the format is a depth/stencil format and the image view features also contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`.

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` if the format is one of the extended storage formats and `shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat` is enabled on the device.

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` if the format is one of the extended storage formats and `shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat` is enabled on the device.

- If Vulkan 1.3 is supported or the ``VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2`` extension is enabled, and VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then the image view’s set of format features is the value of VkFormatProperties::`optimalTilingFeatures` or VkFormatProperties3::`optimalTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties or vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 on the same `format` as VkImageViewCreateInfo::`format`.

- If Vulkan 1.3 is not supported and the ``VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2`` extension is not enabled, and VkImageViewCreateInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then the image view’s set of format features is the union of the value of VkFormatProperties::`optimalTilingFeatures` found by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties on the same `format` as VkImageViewCreateInfo::`format`, with:

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT` if the format is a depth/stencil format and the image view features also contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`.

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` if the format is one of the extended storage formats and `shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat` is enabled on the device.

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` if the format is one of the extended storage formats and `shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat` is enabled on the device.

### 12.6. Resource Memory Association

Resources are initially created as virtual allocations with no backing memory. Device memory is allocated separately (see Device Memory) and then associated with the resource. This association is done differently for sparse and non-sparse resources.

Resources created with any of the sparse creation flags are considered sparse resources. Resources created without these flags are non-sparse. The details on resource memory association for sparse resources is described in Sparse Resources.

Non-sparse resources must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object before the resource is passed as a parameter to any of the following operations:

- creating image or buffer views

- updating descriptor sets

- recording commands in a command buffer

Once bound, the memory binding is immutable for the lifetime of the resource.

In a logical device representing more than one physical device, buffer and image resources exist on all physical devices but can be bound to memory differently on each. Each such replicated resource is an instance of the resource. For sparse resources, each instance can be bound to memory arbitrarily differently. For non-sparse resources, each instance can either be bound to the local or a peer instance of the memory, or for images can be bound to rectangular regions from the local and/or peer instances. When a resource is used in a descriptor set, each physical device interprets the descriptor according to its own instance’s binding to memory.

| Note There are no new copy commands to transfer data between physical devices. Instead, an application can create a resource with a peer mapping and use it as the source or destination of a transfer command executed by a single physical device to copy the data from one physical device to another.

To determine the memory requirements for a buffer resource, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        VkMemoryRequirements*                       pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the buffer.

- `buffer` is the buffer to query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements structure in which the memory requirements of the buffer object are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements structure

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements-buffer-parent
  `buffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

To determine the memory requirements for an image resource which is not created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` flag set, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        VkMemoryRequirements*                       pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `image` is the image to query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements structure in which the memory requirements of the image object are returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-image-01588
  `image` must not have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` flag set

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements structure

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements-image-parent
  `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

The `VkMemoryRequirements` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkMemoryRequirements {
        VkDeviceSize    size;
        VkDeviceSize    alignment;
        uint32_t        memoryTypeBits;
    } VkMemoryRequirements;

- `size` is the size, in bytes, of the memory allocation required for the resource.

- `alignment` is the alignment, in bytes, of the offset within the allocation required for the resource.

- `memoryTypeBits` is a bitmask and contains one bit set for every supported memory type for the resource. Bit `i` is set if and only if the memory type `i` in the `VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties` structure for the physical device is supported for the resource.

The implementation guarantees certain properties about the memory requirements returned by vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements, vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements, vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements and vkGetImageMemoryRequirements:

- The `memoryTypeBits` member always contains at least one bit set.

- If `buffer` is a `VkBuffer` not created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` bit set, or if `image` is linear image, then the `memoryTypeBits` member always contains at least one bit set corresponding to a `VkMemoryType` with a `propertyFlags` that has both the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT` bit and the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT` bit set. In other words, mappable coherent memory can always be attached to these objects.

- If `buffer` was created with VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` set to `0` or `image` was created with VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` set to `0`, the `memoryTypeBits` member always contains at least one bit set corresponding to a `VkMemoryType` with a `propertyFlags` that has the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT` bit set.

- The `memoryTypeBits` member is identical for all `VkBuffer` objects created with the same value for the `flags` and `usage` members in the VkBufferCreateInfo structure and the `handleTypes` member of the VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateBuffer. Further, if `usage1` and `usage2` of type VkBufferUsageFlags are such that the bits set in `usage2` are a subset of the bits set in `usage1`, and they have the same `flags` and VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes`, then the bits set in `memoryTypeBits` returned for `usage1` must be a subset of the bits set in `memoryTypeBits` returned for `usage2`, for all values of `flags`.

- The `alignment` member is a power of two.

- The `alignment` member is identical for all `VkBuffer` objects created with the same combination of values for the `usage` and `flags` members in the VkBufferCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateBuffer.

- If the `maintenance4` feature is enabled, then the `alignment` member is identical for all `VkImage` objects created with the same combination of values for the `flags`, `imageType`, `format`, `extent`, `mipLevels`, `arrayLayers`, `samples`, `tiling` and `usage` members in the VkImageCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateImage.

- The `alignment` member satisfies the buffer descriptor offset alignment requirements associated with the `VkBuffer`’s `usage`:

  - If `usage` included `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`, `alignment` must be an integer multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minTexelBufferOffsetAlignment`.

  - If `usage` included `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT`, `alignment` must be an integer multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment`.

  - If `usage` included `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT`, `alignment` must be an integer multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment`.

- For images created with a color format, the `memoryTypeBits` member is identical for all `VkImage` objects created with the same combination of values for the `tiling` member, the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` bit of the `flags` member, the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT` bit of the `flags` member, `handleTypes` member of VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo, and the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` of the `usage` member in the VkImageCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateImage.

- For images created with a depth/stencil format, the `memoryTypeBits` member is identical for all `VkImage` objects created with the same combination of values for the `format` member, the `tiling` member, the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` bit of the `flags` member, the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT` bit of the `flags` member, `handleTypes` member of VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo, and the `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` of the `usage` member in the VkImageCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateImage.

- If the memory requirements are for a `VkImage`, the `memoryTypeBits` member must not refer to a `VkMemoryType` with a `propertyFlags` that has the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT` bit set if the `image` did not have `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` bit set in the `usage` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure passed to vkCreateImage.

- If the memory requirements are for a `VkBuffer`, the `memoryTypeBits` member must not refer to a `VkMemoryType` with a `propertyFlags` that has the `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT` bit set.

  | Note The implication of this requirement is that lazily allocated memory is disallowed for buffers in all cases.

- The `size` member is identical for all `VkBuffer` objects created with the same combination of creation parameters specified in VkBufferCreateInfo and its `pNext` chain.

- The `size` member is identical for all `VkImage` objects created with the same combination of creation parameters specified in VkImageCreateInfo and its `pNext` chain.

  | Note This, however, does not imply that they interpret the contents of the bound memory identically with each other. That additional guarantee, however, can be explicitly requested using `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT`.

- If the `maintenance4` feature is enabled, these additional guarantees apply:

  - For a `VkBuffer`, the `size` memory requirement is never greater than that of another `VkBuffer` created with a greater or equal `size` specified in VkBufferCreateInfo, all other creation parameters being identical.

  - For a `VkBuffer`, the `size` memory requirement is never greater than the result of aligning VkBufferCreateInfo::`size` with the `alignment` memory requirement.

  - For a VkImage, the `size` memory requirement is never greater than that of another VkImage created with a greater or equal value in each of `extent.width`, `extent.height`, and `extent.depth`; all other creation parameters being identical.

  - The memory requirements returned by vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements are identical to those that would be returned by vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 if it were called with a `VkBuffer` created with the same VkBufferCreateInfo values.

  - The memory requirements returned by vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements are identical to those that would be returned by vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 if it were called with a `VkImage` created with the same VkImageCreateInfo values.

To determine the memory requirements for a buffer resource, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2*      pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the buffer.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure in which the memory requirements of the buffer object are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure

To determine the memory requirements for a buffer resource without creating an object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements*     pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device intended to own the buffer.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure in which the memory requirements of the buffer object are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements structure

- VUID-vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure

The `VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2 {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBuffer           buffer;
    } VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `buffer` is the buffer to query.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

The `VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements {
        VkStructureType              sType;
        const void*                  pNext;
        const VkBufferCreateInfo*    pCreateInfo;
    } VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferCreateInfo structure containing parameters affecting creation of the buffer to query.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS`

- VUID-VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferCreateInfo structure

To determine the memory requirements for an image resource, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2*       pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure in which the memory requirements of the image object are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure

To determine the memory requirements for an image resource without creating an object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements*      pInfo,
        VkMemoryRequirements2*                      pMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device intended to own the image.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pMemoryRequirements` is a pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure in which the memory requirements of the image object are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements structure

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pMemoryRequirements-parameter
  `pMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to a VkMemoryRequirements2 structure

The `VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkImage            image;
    } VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `image` is the image to query.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-01589
  If `image` was created with a multi-planar format and the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` flag, there must be a VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo included in the `pNext` chain of the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-01590
  If `image` was not created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` flag, there must not be a VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo included in the `pNext` chain of the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-01591
  If `image` was created with a single-plane format, there must not be a VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo included in the `pNext` chain of the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

The `VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        const VkImageCreateInfo*    pCreateInfo;
        VkImageAspectFlagBits       planeAspect;
    } VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkImageCreateInfo structure containing parameters affecting creation of the image to query.

- `planeAspect` is a VkImageAspectFlagBits value specifying the aspect corresponding to the image plane to query. This parameter is ignored unless `pCreateInfo`::`flags` has `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirementsKHR-pCreateInfo-06416
  The `pCreateInfo`::`pNext` chain must not contain a `VkImageSwapchainCreateInfoKHR` structure

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirementsKHR-pCreateInfo-06417
  If `pCreateInfo`::`format` specifies a multi-planar format and `pCreateInfo`::`flags` has `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set then `planeAspect` must not be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE_KHR`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirementsKHR-pCreateInfo-06419
  If `pCreateInfo`::`flags` has `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set and if the `pCreateInfo`::`tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then `planeAspect` must be a single valid format plane for the image (that is, for a two-plane image `planeAspect` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, and for a three-plane image `planeAspect` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`)

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageCreateInfo structure

- VUID-VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements-planeAspect-parameter
  If `planeAspect` is not `0`, `planeAspect` must be a valid VkImageAspectFlagBits value

To determine the memory requirements for a plane of a disjoint image, add a `VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo` structure to the `pNext` chain of the `VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2` structure.

The `VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkImageAspectFlagBits    planeAspect;
    } VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `planeAspect` is a VkImageAspectFlagBits value specifying the aspect corresponding to the image plane to query.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo-planeAspect-02281
  If the image’s `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then `planeAspect` must be a single valid format plane for the image (that is, for a two-plane image `planeAspect` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, and for a three-plane image `planeAspect` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`)

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_PLANE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO`

- VUID-VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo-planeAspect-parameter
  `planeAspect` must be a valid VkImageAspectFlagBits value

The `VkMemoryRequirements2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkMemoryRequirements2 {
        VkStructureType         sType;
        void*                   pNext;
        VkMemoryRequirements    memoryRequirements;
    } VkMemoryRequirements2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `memoryRequirements` is a VkMemoryRequirements structure describing the memory requirements of the resource.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMemoryRequirements2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2`

- VUID-VkMemoryRequirements2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements

- VUID-VkMemoryRequirements2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

The `VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           prefersDedicatedAllocation;
        VkBool32           requiresDedicatedAllocation;
    } VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `prefersDedicatedAllocation` specifies that the implementation would prefer a dedicated allocation for this resource. The application is still free to suballocate the resource but it may get better performance if a dedicated allocation is used.

- `requiresDedicatedAllocation` specifies that a dedicated allocation is required for this resource.

To determine the dedicated allocation requirements of a buffer or image resource, add a VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkMemoryRequirements2 structure passed as the `pMemoryRequirements` parameter of vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 or vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2, respectively.

Constraints on the values returned for buffer resources are:

- `requiresDedicatedAllocation` may be `VK_TRUE` if the `pNext` chain of VkBufferCreateInfo for the call to `vkCreateBuffer` used to create the buffer being queried included a VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo structure, and any of the handle types specified in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` requires dedicated allocation, as reported by vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties in `VkExternalBufferProperties`::`externalMemoryProperties.externalMemoryFeatures`. Otherwise, `requiresDedicatedAllocation` will be `VK_FALSE`.

- When the implementation sets `requiresDedicatedAllocation` to `VK_TRUE`, it must also set `prefersDedicatedAllocation` to `VK_TRUE`.

- If `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` was set in VkBufferCreateInfo::`flags` when `buffer` was created, then both `prefersDedicatedAllocation` and `requiresDedicatedAllocation` will be `VK_FALSE`.

Constraints on the values returned for image resources are:

- `requiresDedicatedAllocation` may be `VK_TRUE` if the `pNext` chain of VkImageCreateInfo for the call to vkCreateImage used to create the image being queried included a VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo structure, and any of the handle types specified in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` requires dedicated allocation, as reported by vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 in `VkExternalImageFormatProperties`::`externalMemoryProperties.externalMemoryFeatures`. Otherwise, `requiresDedicatedAllocation` will be `VK_FALSE`.

- If `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` was set in VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` when `image` was created, then both `prefersDedicatedAllocation` and `requiresDedicatedAllocation` will be `VK_FALSE`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_REQUIREMENTS`

To attach memory to a buffer object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkBindBufferMemory(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        VkDeviceMemory                              memory,
        VkDeviceSize                                memoryOffset);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the buffer and memory.

- `buffer` is the buffer to be attached to memory.

- `memory` is a VkDeviceMemory object describing the device memory to attach.

- `memoryOffset` is the start offset of the region of `memory` which is to be bound to the buffer. The number of bytes returned in the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` member in `memory`, starting from `memoryOffset` bytes, will be bound to the specified buffer.

`vkBindBufferMemory` is equivalent to passing the same parameters through VkBindBufferMemoryInfo to vkBindBufferMemory2.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-01029
  `buffer` must not already be backed by a memory object

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-01030
  `buffer` must not have been created with any sparse memory binding flags

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memoryOffset-01031
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-01035
  `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memoryOffset-01036
  `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-size-01037
  The `size` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer` must be less than or equal to the size of `memory` minus `memoryOffset`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-01444
  If `buffer` requires a dedicated allocation (as reported by vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 in VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements::`requiresDedicatedAllocation` for `buffer`), `memory` must have been allocated with VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer` equal to `buffer`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-01508
  If the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` provided when `memory` was allocated included a VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo structure in its `pNext` chain, and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer` was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, then `buffer` must equal VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer`, and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-None-01898
  If `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit set, the buffer must be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-None-01899
  If `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit not set, the buffer must not be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-02726
  If the value of VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` used to allocate `memory` is not `0`, it must include at least one of the handles set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `buffer` was created

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-02727
  If `memory` was allocated by a memory import operation, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `buffer` was created

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-bufferDeviceAddress-03339
  If the VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures::`bufferDeviceAddress` feature is enabled and `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-buffer-parent
  `buffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory-memory-parent
  `memory` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `buffer` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

To attach memory to buffer objects for one or more buffers at a time, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VkResult vkBindBufferMemory2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    bindInfoCount,
        const VkBindBufferMemoryInfo*               pBindInfos);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the buffers and memory.

- `bindInfoCount` is the number of elements in `pBindInfos`.

- `pBindInfos` is a pointer to an array of `bindInfoCount` VkBindBufferMemoryInfo structures describing buffers and memory to bind.

On some implementations, it may be more efficient to batch memory bindings into a single command.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory2-pBindInfos-parameter
  `pBindInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindInfoCount` valid VkBindBufferMemoryInfo structures

- VUID-vkBindBufferMemory2-bindInfoCount-arraylength
  `bindInfoCount` must be greater than `0`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

`VkBindBufferMemoryInfo` contains members corresponding to the parameters of vkBindBufferMemory.

The `VkBindBufferMemoryInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBindBufferMemoryInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBuffer           buffer;
        VkDeviceMemory     memory;
        VkDeviceSize       memoryOffset;
    } VkBindBufferMemoryInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `buffer` is the buffer to be attached to memory.

- `memory` is a VkDeviceMemory object describing the device memory to attach.

- `memoryOffset` is the start offset of the region of `memory` which is to be bound to the buffer. The number of bytes returned in the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` member in `memory`, starting from `memoryOffset` bytes, will be bound to the specified buffer.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-01029
  `buffer` must not already be backed by a memory object

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-01030
  `buffer` must not have been created with any sparse memory binding flags

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memoryOffset-01031
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-01035
  `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memoryOffset-01036
  `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-size-01037
  The `size` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to `vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements` with `buffer` must be less than or equal to the size of `memory` minus `memoryOffset`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-01444
  If `buffer` requires a dedicated allocation (as reported by vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2 in VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements::`requiresDedicatedAllocation` for `buffer`), `memory` must have been allocated with VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer` equal to `buffer`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-01508
  If the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` provided when `memory` was allocated included a VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo structure in its `pNext` chain, and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer` was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, then `buffer` must equal VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`buffer`, and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-None-01898
  If `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit set, the buffer must be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-None-01899
  If `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit not set, the buffer must not be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-02726
  If the value of VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` used to allocate `memory` is not `0`, it must include at least one of the handles set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `buffer` was created

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-02727
  If `memory` was allocated by a memory import operation, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `buffer` was created

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-bufferDeviceAddress-03339
  If the VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures::`bufferDeviceAddress` feature is enabled and `buffer` was created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set, `memory` must have been allocated with the `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-pNext-01605
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure, all instances of `memory` specified by VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pDeviceIndices` must have been allocated

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryInfo-commonparent
  Both of `buffer`, and `memory` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           deviceIndexCount;
        const uint32_t*    pDeviceIndices;
    } VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `deviceIndexCount` is the number of elements in `pDeviceIndices`.

- `pDeviceIndices` is a pointer to an array of device indices.

If the `pNext` chain of VkBindBufferMemoryInfo includes a `VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo` structure, then that structure determines how memory is bound to buffers across multiple devices in a device group.

If `deviceIndexCount` is greater than zero, then on device index i the buffer is attached to the instance of `memory` on the physical device with device index `pDeviceIndices`[i].

If `deviceIndexCount` is zero and `memory` comes from a memory heap with the `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` bit set, then it is as if `pDeviceIndices` contains consecutive indices from zero to the number of physical devices in the logical device, minus one. In other words, by default each physical device attaches to its own instance of `memory`.

If `deviceIndexCount` is zero and `memory` comes from a memory heap without the `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` bit set, then it is as if `pDeviceIndices` contains an array of zeros. In other words, by default each physical device attaches to instance zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-deviceIndexCount-01606
  `deviceIndexCount` must either be zero or equal to the number of physical devices in the logical device

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pDeviceIndices-01607
  All elements of `pDeviceIndices` must be valid device indices

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_DEVICE_GROUP_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pDeviceIndices-parameter
  If `deviceIndexCount` is not `0`, `pDeviceIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `deviceIndexCount` `uint32_t` values

To attach memory to a `VkImage` object created without the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkBindImageMemory(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        VkDeviceMemory                              memory,
        VkDeviceSize                                memoryOffset);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image and memory.

- `image` is the image.

- `memory` is the VkDeviceMemory object describing the device memory to attach.

- `memoryOffset` is the start offset of the region of `memory` which is to be bound to the image. The number of bytes returned in the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` member in `memory`, starting from `memoryOffset` bytes, will be bound to the specified image.

`vkBindImageMemory` is equivalent to passing the same parameters through VkBindImageMemoryInfo to vkBindImageMemory2.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-01044
  `image` must not already be backed by a memory object

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-01045
  `image` must not have been created with any sparse memory binding flags

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memoryOffset-01046
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-01445
  If `image` requires a dedicated allocation (as reported by vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 in VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements::`requiresDedicatedAllocation` for `image`), `memory` must have been created with VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` equal to `image`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-01509
  If the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` provided when `memory` was allocated included a VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo structure in its `pNext` chain, and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, then `image` must equal VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-None-01901
  If image was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit set, the image must be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-None-01902
  If image was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit not set, the image must not be bound to a memory object created with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-02728
  If the value of VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` used to allocate `memory` is not `0`, it must include at least one of the handles set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-02729
  If `memory` was created by a memory import operation, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-01608
  `image` must not have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-01047
  `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements with `image`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memoryOffset-01048
  `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the `VkMemoryRequirements` structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements with `image`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-size-01049
  The difference of the size of `memory` and `memoryOffset` must be greater than or equal to the `size` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements with the same `image`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-parameter
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-image-parent
  `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory-memory-parent
  `memory` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `image` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

To attach memory to image objects for one or more images at a time, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VkResult vkBindImageMemory2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    bindInfoCount,
        const VkBindImageMemoryInfo*                pBindInfos);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the images and memory.

- `bindInfoCount` is the number of elements in `pBindInfos`.

- `pBindInfos` is a pointer to an array of VkBindImageMemoryInfo structures, describing images and memory to bind.

On some implementations, it may be more efficient to batch memory bindings into a single command.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory2-pBindInfos-02858
  If any VkBindImageMemoryInfo::`image` was created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` then all planes of VkBindImageMemoryInfo::`image` must be bound individually in separate `pBindInfos`

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory2-pBindInfos-04006
  `pBindInfos` must not refer to the same image subresource more than once

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory2-pBindInfos-parameter
  `pBindInfos` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindInfoCount` valid VkBindImageMemoryInfo structures

- VUID-vkBindImageMemory2-bindInfoCount-arraylength
  `bindInfoCount` must be greater than `0`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

`VkBindImageMemoryInfo` contains members corresponding to the parameters of vkBindImageMemory.

The `VkBindImageMemoryInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBindImageMemoryInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkImage            image;
        VkDeviceMemory     memory;
        VkDeviceSize       memoryOffset;
    } VkBindImageMemoryInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `image` is the image to be attached to memory.

- `memory` is a VkDeviceMemory object describing the device memory to attach.

- `memoryOffset` is the start offset of the region of `memory` which is to be bound to the image. The number of bytes returned in the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` member in `memory`, starting from `memoryOffset` bytes, will be bound to the specified image.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-01044
  `image` must not already be backed by a memory object

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-01045
  `image` must not have been created with any sparse memory binding flags

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memoryOffset-01046
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-01445
  If `image` requires a dedicated allocation (as reported by vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 in VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements::`requiresDedicatedAllocation` for `image`), `memory` must have been created with VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` equal to `image`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memory-01509
  If the `VkMemoryAllocateInfo` provided when `memory` was allocated included a VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo structure in its `pNext` chain, and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, then `image` must equal VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo::`image` and `memoryOffset` must be zero

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-None-01901
  If image was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit set, the image must be bound to a memory object allocated with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-None-01902
  If image was created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT` bit not set, the image must not be bound to a memory object created with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memory-02728
  If the value of VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` used to allocate `memory` is not `0`, it must include at least one of the handles set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memory-02729
  If `memory` was created by a memory import operation, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01615
  If the `pNext` chain does not include a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with `image`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01616
  If the `pNext` chain does not include a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with `image`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01617
  If the `pNext` chain does not include a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, the difference of the size of `memory` and `memoryOffset` must be greater than or equal to the `size` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with the same `image`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01618
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, `image` must have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01619
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, `memory` must have been allocated using one of the memory types allowed in the `memoryTypeBits` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with `image` and where VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo::`planeAspect` corresponds to the VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo::`planeAspect` in the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure’s `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01620
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, `memoryOffset` must be an integer multiple of the `alignment` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with `image` and where VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo::`planeAspect` corresponds to the VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo::`planeAspect` in the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure’s `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01621
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo structure, the difference of the size of `memory` and `memoryOffset` must be greater than or equal to the `size` member of the VkMemoryRequirements structure returned from a call to vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2 with the same `image` and where VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo::`planeAspect` corresponds to the VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo::`planeAspect` in the VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure’s `pNext` chain

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-memory-01625
  `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01626
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure, all instances of `memory` specified by VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pDeviceIndices` must have been allocated

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01627
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure, and VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`splitInstanceBindRegionCount` is not zero, then `image` must have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01628
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure, all elements of VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must be valid rectangles contained within the dimensions of `image`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-01629
  If the `pNext` chain includes a VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo structure, the union of the areas of all elements of VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pSplitInstanceBindRegions` that correspond to the same instance of `image` must cover the entire image

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo or VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryInfo-commonparent
  Both of `image`, and `memory` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           deviceIndexCount;
        const uint32_t*    pDeviceIndices;
        uint32_t           splitInstanceBindRegionCount;
        const VkRect2D*    pSplitInstanceBindRegions;
    } VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `deviceIndexCount` is the number of elements in `pDeviceIndices`.

- `pDeviceIndices` is a pointer to an array of device indices.

- `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` is the number of elements in `pSplitInstanceBindRegions`.

- `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkRect2D structures describing which regions of the image are attached to each instance of memory.

If the `pNext` chain of VkBindImageMemoryInfo includes a `VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo` structure, then that structure determines how memory is bound to images across multiple devices in a device group.

If `deviceIndexCount` is greater than zero, then on device index i `image` is attached to the instance of the memory on the physical device with device index pDeviceIndices[i].

Let N be the number of physical devices in the logical device. If `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` is greater than zero, then `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` is a pointer to an array of N2 rectangles, where the image region specified by the rectangle at element i*N+j in resource instance i is bound to the memory instance j. The blocks of the memory that are bound to each sparse image block region use an offset in memory, relative to `memoryOffset`, computed as if the whole image was being bound to a contiguous range of memory. In other words, horizontally adjacent image blocks use consecutive blocks of memory, vertically adjacent image blocks are separated by the number of bytes per block multiplied by the width in blocks of `image`, and the block at (0,0) corresponds to memory starting at `memoryOffset`.

If `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` and `deviceIndexCount` are zero and the memory comes from a memory heap with the `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` bit set, then it is as if `pDeviceIndices` contains consecutive indices from zero to the number of physical devices in the logical device, minus one. In other words, by default each physical device attaches to its own instance of the memory.

If `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` and `deviceIndexCount` are zero and the memory comes from a memory heap without the `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT` bit set, then it is as if `pDeviceIndices` contains an array of zeros. In other words, by default each physical device attaches to instance zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-deviceIndexCount-01633
  At least one of `deviceIndexCount` and `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` must be zero

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-deviceIndexCount-01634
  `deviceIndexCount` must either be zero or equal to the number of physical devices in the logical device

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pDeviceIndices-01635
  All elements of `pDeviceIndices` must be valid device indices

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-splitInstanceBindRegionCount-01636
  `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` must either be zero or equal to the number of physical devices in the logical device squared

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pSplitInstanceBindRegions-01637
  Elements of `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` that correspond to the same instance of an image must not overlap

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-offset-01638
  The `offset.x` member of any element of `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must be a multiple of the sparse image block width (`VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity.width`) of all non-metadata aspects of the image

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-offset-01639
  The `offset.y` member of any element of `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must be a multiple of the sparse image block height (`VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity.height`) of all non-metadata aspects of the image

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-extent-01640
  The `extent.width` member of any element of `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must either be a multiple of the sparse image block width of all non-metadata aspects of the image, or else `extent.width` + `offset.x` must equal the width of the image subresource

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-extent-01641
  The `extent.height` member of any element of `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must either be a multiple of the sparse image block height of all non-metadata aspects of the image, or else `extent.height` + `offset.y` must equal the height of the image subresource

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_DEVICE_GROUP_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pDeviceIndices-parameter
  If `deviceIndexCount` is not `0`, `pDeviceIndices` must be a valid pointer to an array of `deviceIndexCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo-pSplitInstanceBindRegions-parameter
  If `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` is not `0`, `pSplitInstanceBindRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `splitInstanceBindRegionCount` VkRect2D structures

In order to bind planes of a disjoint image, add a `VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo` structure to the `pNext` chain of VkBindImageMemoryInfo.

The `VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkImageAspectFlagBits    planeAspect;
    } VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `planeAspect` is a `VkImageAspectFlagBits` value specifying the aspect of the disjoint image plane to bind.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo-planeAspect-02283
  If the image’s `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, then `planeAspect` must be a single valid format plane for the image (that is, for a two-plane image `planeAspect` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, and for a three-plane image `planeAspect` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`)

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_PLANE_MEMORY_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo-planeAspect-parameter
  `planeAspect` must be a valid VkImageAspectFlagBits value

Buffer-Image Granularity

The implementation-dependent limit `bufferImageGranularity` specifies a page-like granularity at which linear and non-linear resources must be placed in adjacent memory locations to avoid aliasing. Two resources which do not satisfy this granularity requirement are said to alias. `bufferImageGranularity` is specified in bytes, and must be a power of two. Implementations which do not impose a granularity restriction may report a `bufferImageGranularity` value of one.

| Note Despite its name, `bufferImageGranularity` is really a granularity between “linear” and “non-linear” resources.

Given resourceA at the lower memory offset and resourceB at the higher memory offset in the same `VkDeviceMemory` object, where one resource is linear and the other is non-linear (as defined in the Glossary), and the following:

    resourceA.end       = resourceA.memoryOffset + resourceA.size - 1
    resourceA.endPage   = resourceA.end & ~(bufferImageGranularity-1)
    resourceB.start     = resourceB.memoryOffset
    resourceB.startPage = resourceB.start & ~(bufferImageGranularity-1)

The following property must hold:

    resourceA.endPage < resourceB.startPage

That is, the end of the first resource (A) and the beginning of the second resource (B) must be on separate “pages” of size `bufferImageGranularity`. `bufferImageGranularity` may be different than the physical page size of the memory heap. This restriction is only needed when a linear resource and a non-linear resource are adjacent in memory and will be used simultaneously. The memory ranges of adjacent resources can be closer than `bufferImageGranularity`, provided they meet the `alignment` requirement for the objects in question.

Sparse block size in bytes and sparse image and buffer memory alignments must all be multiples of the `bufferImageGranularity`. Therefore, memory bound to sparse resources naturally satisfies the `bufferImageGranularity`.

### 12.7. Resource Sharing Mode

Buffer and image objects are created with a sharing mode controlling how they can be accessed from queues. The supported sharing modes are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSharingMode {
        VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE = 0,
        VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT = 1,
    } VkSharingMode;

- `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` specifies that access to any range or image subresource of the object will be exclusive to a single queue family at a time.

- `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT` specifies that concurrent access to any range or image subresource of the object from multiple queue families is supported.

| Note `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT` may result in lower performance access to the buffer or image than `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE`.

Ranges of buffers and image subresources of image objects created using `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` must only be accessed by queues in the queue family that has ownership of the resource. Upon creation, such resources are not owned by any queue family; ownership is implicitly acquired upon first use within a queue. Once a resource using `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` is owned by some queue family, the application must perform a queue family ownership transfer to make the memory contents of a range or image subresource accessible to a different queue family.

| Note Images still require a layout transition from `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` before being used on the first queue.

A queue family can take ownership of an image subresource or buffer range of a resource created with `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE`, without an ownership transfer, in the same way as for a resource that was just created; however, taking ownership in this way has the effect that the contents of the image subresource or buffer range are undefined.

Ranges of buffers and image subresources of image objects created using `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT` must only be accessed by queues from the queue families specified through the `queueFamilyIndexCount` and `pQueueFamilyIndices` members of the corresponding create info structures.

#### 12.7.1. External Resource Sharing

Resources should only be accessed in the Vulkan instance that has exclusive ownership of their underlying memory. Only one Vulkan instance has exclusive ownership of a resource’s underlying memory at a given time, regardless of whether the resource was created using `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` or `VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT`. Applications can transfer ownership of a resource’s underlying memory only if the memory has been imported from or exported to another instance or external API using external memory handles. The semantics for transferring ownership outside of the instance are similar to those used for transferring ownership of `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` resources between queues, and is also accomplished using VkBufferMemoryBarrier or VkImageMemoryBarrier operations. To make the contents of the underlying memory accessible in the destination instance or API, applications must

1. Release exclusive ownership from the source instance or API.

2. Ensure the release operation has completed using semaphores or fences.

3. Acquire exclusive ownership in the destination instance or API

Unlike queue ownership transfers, the destination instance or API is not specified explicitly when releasing ownership, nor is the source instance or API specified when acquiring ownership. Instead, the image or memory barrier’s `dstQueueFamilyIndex` or `srcQueueFamilyIndex` parameters are set to the reserved queue family index `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_EXTERNAL` to represent the external destination or source respectively.

Binding a resource to a memory object shared between multiple Vulkan instances or other APIs does not change the ownership of the underlying memory. The first entity to access the resource implicitly acquires ownership. An entity can also implicitly take ownership from another entity in the same way without an explicit ownership transfer. However, taking ownership in this way has the effect that the contents of the underlying memory are undefined.

Accessing a resource backed by memory that is owned by a particular instance or API has the same semantics as accessing a `VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE` resource, with one exception: Implementations must ensure layout transitions performed on one member of a set of identical subresources of identical images that alias the same range of an underlying memory object affect the layout of all the subresources in the set.

As a corollary, writes to any image subresources in such a set must not make the contents of memory used by other subresources in the set undefined. An application can define the content of a subresource of one image by performing device writes to an identical subresource of another image provided both images are bound to the same region of external memory. Applications may also add resources to such a set after the content of the existing set members has been defined without making the content undefined by creating a new image with the initial layout `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` and binding it to the same region of external memory as the existing images.

| Note Because layout transitions apply to all identical images aliasing the same region of external memory, the actual layout of the memory backing a new image as well as an existing image with defined content will not be undefined. Such an image is not usable until it acquires ownership of its memory from the existing owner. Therefore, the layout specified as part of this transition will be the true initial layout of the image. The undefined layout specified when creating it is a placeholder to simplify valid usage requirements.

### 12.8. Memory Aliasing

A range of a `VkDeviceMemory` allocation is aliased if it is bound to multiple resources simultaneously, as described below, via vkBindImageMemory, vkBindBufferMemory, via sparse memory bindings, or by binding the memory to resources in multiple Vulkan instances or external APIs using external memory handle export and import mechanisms.

Consider two resources, resourceA and resourceB, bound respectively to memory rangeA and rangeB. Let paddedRangeA and paddedRangeB be, respectively, rangeA and rangeB aligned to `bufferImageGranularity`. If the resources are both linear or both non-linear (as defined in the Glossary), then the resources alias the memory in the intersection of rangeA and rangeB. If one resource is linear and the other is non-linear, then the resources alias the memory in the intersection of paddedRangeA and paddedRangeB.

Applications can alias memory, but use of multiple aliases is subject to several constraints.

| Note Memory aliasing can be useful to reduce the total device memory footprint of an application, if some large resources are used for disjoint periods of time.

When a non-linear, non-`VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` image is bound to an aliased range, all image subresources of the image overlap the range. When a linear image is bound to an aliased range, the image subresources that (according to the image’s advertised layout) include bytes from the aliased range overlap the range. When a `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` image has sparse image blocks bound to an aliased range, only image subresources including those sparse image blocks overlap the range, and when the memory bound to the image’s mip tail overlaps an aliased range all image subresources in the mip tail overlap the range.

Buffers, and linear image subresources in either the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layouts, are host-accessible subresources. That is, the host has a well-defined addressing scheme to interpret the contents, and thus the layout of the data in memory can be consistently interpreted across aliases if each of those aliases is a host-accessible subresource. Non-linear images, and linear image subresources in other layouts, are not host-accessible.

If two aliases are both host-accessible, then they interpret the contents of the memory in consistent ways, and data written to one alias can be read by the other alias.

If two aliases are both images that were created with identical creation parameters, both were created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT` flag set, and both are bound identically to memory except for VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pDeviceIndices` and VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pSplitInstanceBindRegions`, then they interpret the contents of the memory in consistent ways, and data written to one alias can be read by the other alias.

Additionally, if an individual plane of a multi-planar image and a single-plane image alias the same memory, then they also interpret the contents of the memory in consistent ways under the same conditions, but with the following modifications:

- Both must have been created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` flag.

- The single-plane image must have a VkFormat that is equivalent to that of the multi-planar image’s individual plane.

- The single-plane image and the individual plane of the multi-planar image must be bound identically to memory except for VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pDeviceIndices` and VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo::`pSplitInstanceBindRegions`.

- The `width` and `height` of the single-plane image are derived from the multi-planar image’s dimensions in the manner listed for plane compatibility for the aliased plane.

- All other creation parameters must be identical

Aliases created by binding the same memory to resources in multiple Vulkan instances or external APIs using external memory handle export and import mechanisms interpret the contents of the memory in consistent ways, and data written to one alias can be read by the other alias.

Otherwise, the aliases interpret the contents of the memory differently, and writes via one alias make the contents of memory partially or completely undefined to the other alias. If the first alias is a host-accessible subresource, then the bytes affected are those written by the memory operations according to its addressing scheme. If the first alias is not host-accessible, then the bytes affected are those overlapped by the image subresources that were written. If the second alias is a host-accessible subresource, the affected bytes become undefined. If the second alias is not host-accessible, all sparse image blocks (for sparse partially-resident images) or all image subresources (for non-sparse image and fully resident sparse images) that overlap the affected bytes become undefined.

If any image subresources are made undefined due to writes to an alias, then each of those image subresources must have its layout transitioned from `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED` to a valid layout before it is used, or from `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` if the memory has been written by the host. If any sparse blocks of a sparse image have been made undefined, then only the image subresources containing them must be transitioned.

Use of an overlapping range by two aliases must be separated by a memory dependency using the appropriate access types if at least one of those uses performs writes, whether the aliases interpret memory consistently or not. If buffer or image memory barriers are used, the scope of the barrier must contain the entire range and/or set of image subresources that overlap.

If two aliasing image views are used in the same framebuffer, then the render pass must declare the attachments using the `VK_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_MAY_ALIAS_BIT`, and follow the other rules listed in that section.

| Note Memory recycled via an application suballocator (i.e. without freeing and reallocating the memory objects) is not substantially different from memory aliasing. However, a suballocator usually waits on a fence before recycling a region of memory, and signaling a fence involves sufficient implicit dependencies to satisfy all the above requirements.

## 13. Samplers

`VkSampler` objects represent the state of an image sampler which is used by the implementation to read image data and apply filtering and other transformations for the shader.

Samplers are represented by `VkSampler` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkSampler)

To create a sampler object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateSampler(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkSamplerCreateInfo*                  pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkSampler*                                  pSampler);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the sampler.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkSamplerCreateInfo structure specifying the state of the sampler object.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pSampler` is a pointer to a VkSampler handle in which the resulting sampler object is returned.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateSampler-maxSamplerAllocationCount-04110
  There must be less than VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxSamplerAllocationCount` VkSampler objects currently created on the device

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateSampler-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateSampler-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkSamplerCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateSampler-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateSampler-pSampler-parameter
  `pSampler` must be a valid pointer to a VkSampler handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkSamplerCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSamplerCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType         sType;
        const void*             pNext;
        VkSamplerCreateFlags    flags;
        VkFilter                magFilter;
        VkFilter                minFilter;
        VkSamplerMipmapMode     mipmapMode;
        VkSamplerAddressMode    addressModeU;
        VkSamplerAddressMode    addressModeV;
        VkSamplerAddressMode    addressModeW;
        float                   mipLodBias;
        VkBool32                anisotropyEnable;
        float                   maxAnisotropy;
        VkBool32                compareEnable;
        VkCompareOp             compareOp;
        float                   minLod;
        float                   maxLod;
        VkBorderColor           borderColor;
        VkBool32                unnormalizedCoordinates;
    } VkSamplerCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkSamplerCreateFlagBits describing additional parameters of the sampler.

- `magFilter` is a VkFilter value specifying the magnification filter to apply to lookups.

- `minFilter` is a VkFilter value specifying the minification filter to apply to lookups.

- `mipmapMode` is a VkSamplerMipmapMode value specifying the mipmap filter to apply to lookups.

- `addressModeU` is a VkSamplerAddressMode value specifying the addressing mode for U coordinates outside [0,1).

- `addressModeV` is a VkSamplerAddressMode value specifying the addressing mode for V coordinates outside [0,1).

- `addressModeW` is a VkSamplerAddressMode value specifying the addressing mode for W coordinates outside [0,1).

- `mipLodBias` is the bias to be added to mipmap LOD (level-of-detail) calculation and bias provided by image sampling functions in SPIR-V, as described in the Level-of-Detail Operation section.

- `anisotropyEnable` is `VK_TRUE` to enable anisotropic filtering, as described in the Texel Anisotropic Filtering section, or `VK_FALSE` otherwise.

- `maxAnisotropy` is the anisotropy value clamp used by the sampler when `anisotropyEnable` is `VK_TRUE`. If `anisotropyEnable` is `VK_FALSE`, `maxAnisotropy` is ignored.

- `compareEnable` is `VK_TRUE` to enable comparison against a reference value during lookups, or `VK_FALSE` otherwise.

  - Note: Some implementations will default to shader state if this member does not match.

- `compareOp` is a VkCompareOp value specifying the comparison function to apply to fetched data before filtering as described in the Depth Compare Operation section.

- `minLod` is used to clamp the minimum of the computed LOD value.

- `maxLod` is used to clamp the maximum of the computed LOD value. To avoid clamping the maximum value, set `maxLod` to the constant `VK_LOD_CLAMP_NONE`.

- `borderColor` is a VkBorderColor value specifying the predefined border color to use.

- `unnormalizedCoordinates` controls whether to use unnormalized or normalized texel coordinates to address texels of the image. When set to `VK_TRUE`, the range of the image coordinates used to lookup the texel is in the range of zero to the image size in each dimension. When set to `VK_FALSE` the range of image coordinates is zero to one.

  When `unnormalizedCoordinates` is `VK_TRUE`, images the sampler is used with in the shader have the following requirements:

  - The `viewType` must be either `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D`.

  - The image view must have a single layer and a single mip level.

  When `unnormalizedCoordinates` is `VK_TRUE`, image built-in functions in the shader that use the sampler have the following requirements:

  - The functions must not use projection.

  - The functions must not use offsets.

| Mapping of OpenGL to Vulkan filter modes `magFilter` values of `VK_FILTER_NEAREST` and `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` directly correspond to `GL_NEAREST` and `GL_LINEAR` magnification filters. `minFilter` and `mipmapMode` combine to correspond to the similarly named OpenGL minification filter of `GL_minFilter_MIPMAP_mipmapMode` (e.g. `minFilter` of `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `mipmapMode` of `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST` correspond to `GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST`). There are no Vulkan filter modes that directly correspond to OpenGL minification filters of `GL_LINEAR` or `GL_NEAREST`, but they can be emulated using `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST`, `minLod` = 0, and `maxLod` = 0.25, and using `minFilter` = `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` or `minFilter` = `VK_FILTER_NEAREST`, respectively. Note that using a `maxLod` of zero would cause magnification to always be performed, and the `magFilter` to always be used. This is valid, just not an exact match for OpenGL behavior. Clamping the maximum LOD to 0.25 allows the λ value to be non-zero and minification to be performed, while still always rounding down to the base level. If the `minFilter` and `magFilter` are equal, then using a `maxLod` of zero also works.

The maximum number of sampler objects which can be simultaneously created on a device is implementation-dependent and specified by the maxSamplerAllocationCount member of the VkPhysicalDeviceLimits structure.

| Note For historical reasons, if `maxSamplerAllocationCount` is exceeded, some implementations may return `VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS`. Exceeding this limit will result in undefined behavior, and an application should not rely on the use of the returned error code in order to identify when the limit is reached.

Since VkSampler is a non-dispatchable handle type, implementations may return the same handle for sampler state vectors that are identical. In such cases, all such objects would only count once against the `maxSamplerAllocationCount` limit.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-mipLodBias-01069
  The absolute value of `mipLodBias` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxSamplerLodBias`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-maxLod-01973
  `maxLod` must be greater than or equal to `minLod`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-anisotropyEnable-01070
  If the anisotropic sampling feature is not enabled, `anisotropyEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-anisotropyEnable-01071
  If `anisotropyEnable` is `VK_TRUE`, `maxAnisotropy` must be between `1.0` and `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxSamplerAnisotropy`, inclusive

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-minFilter-01645
  If sampler Y′CBCR conversion is enabled and the potential format features of the sampler Y′CBCR conversion do not support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_SEPARATE_RECONSTRUCTION_FILTER_BIT`, `minFilter` and `magFilter` must be equal to the sampler Y′CBCR conversion’s `chromaFilter`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-unnormalizedCoordinates-01072
  If `unnormalizedCoordinates` is `VK_TRUE`, `minFilter` and `magFilter` must be equal

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-unnormalizedCoordinates-01073
  If `unnormalizedCoordinates` is `VK_TRUE`, `mipmapMode` must be `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-unnormalizedCoordinates-01074
  If `unnormalizedCoordinates` is `VK_TRUE`, `minLod` and `maxLod` must be zero

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-unnormalizedCoordinates-01075
  If `unnormalizedCoordinates` is `VK_TRUE`, `addressModeU` and `addressModeV` must each be either `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE` or `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-unnormalizedCoordinates-01076
  If `unnormalizedCoordinates` is `VK_TRUE`, `anisotropyEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-unnormalizedCoordinates-01077
  If `unnormalizedCoordinates` is `VK_TRUE`, `compareEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-addressModeU-01078
  If any of `addressModeU`, `addressModeV` or `addressModeW` are `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER`, `borderColor` must be a valid VkBorderColor value

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-addressModeU-01646
  If sampler Y′CBCR conversion is enabled, `addressModeU`, `addressModeV`, and `addressModeW` must be `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE`, `anisotropyEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`, and `unnormalizedCoordinates` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-None-01647
  The sampler reduction mode must be set to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE` if sampler Y′CBCR conversion is enabled

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-addressModeU-01079
  If samplerMirrorClampToEdge is not enabled, and if the ``VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge`` extension is not enabled, `addressModeU`, `addressModeV` and `addressModeW` must not be `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-compareEnable-01080
  If `compareEnable` is `VK_TRUE`, `compareOp` must be a valid VkCompareOp value

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-compareEnable-01423
  If `compareEnable` is `VK_TRUE`, the `reductionMode` member of VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo must be `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo or VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-magFilter-parameter
  `magFilter` must be a valid VkFilter value

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-minFilter-parameter
  `minFilter` must be a valid VkFilter value

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-mipmapMode-parameter
  `mipmapMode` must be a valid VkSamplerMipmapMode value

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-addressModeU-parameter
  `addressModeU` must be a valid VkSamplerAddressMode value

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-addressModeV-parameter
  `addressModeV` must be a valid VkSamplerAddressMode value

- VUID-VkSamplerCreateInfo-addressModeW-parameter
  `addressModeW` must be a valid VkSamplerAddressMode value

`VK_LOD_CLAMP_NONE` is a special constant value used for VkSamplerCreateInfo::`maxLod` to indicate that maximum LOD clamping should not be performed.

    #define VK_LOD_CLAMP_NONE                 1000.0F

Bits which can be set in VkSamplerCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying additional parameters of a sampler, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSamplerCreateFlagBits {
    } VkSamplerCreateFlagBits;

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkSamplerCreateFlags;

`VkSamplerCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkSamplerCreateFlagBits.

The `VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType           sType;
        const void*               pNext;
        VkSamplerReductionMode    reductionMode;
    } VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `reductionMode` is a VkSamplerReductionMode value controlling how texture filtering combines texel values.

If the `pNext` chain of VkSamplerCreateInfo includes a `VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo` structure, then that structure includes a mode controlling how texture filtering combines texel values.

If this structure is not present, `reductionMode` is considered to be `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo-reductionMode-parameter
  `reductionMode` must be a valid VkSamplerReductionMode value

Reduction modes are specified by VkSamplerReductionMode, which takes values:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef enum VkSamplerReductionMode {
        VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE = 0,
        VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN = 1,
        VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX = 2,
    } VkSamplerReductionMode;

- `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE` specifies that texel values are combined by computing a weighted average of values in the footprint, using weights as specified in the image operations chapter.

- `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` specifies that texel values are combined by taking the component-wise minimum of values in the footprint with non-zero weights.

- `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX` specifies that texel values are combined by taking the component-wise maximum of values in the footprint with non-zero weights.

Possible values of the VkSamplerCreateInfo::`magFilter` and `minFilter` parameters, specifying filters used for texture lookups, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkFilter {
        VK_FILTER_NEAREST = 0,
        VK_FILTER_LINEAR = 1,
    } VkFilter;

- `VK_FILTER_NEAREST` specifies nearest filtering.

- `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` specifies linear filtering.

These filters are described in detail in Texel Filtering.

Possible values of the VkSamplerCreateInfo::`mipmapMode`, specifying the mipmap mode used for texture lookups, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSamplerMipmapMode {
        VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST = 0,
        VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR = 1,
    } VkSamplerMipmapMode;

- `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST` specifies nearest filtering.

- `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` specifies linear filtering.

These modes are described in detail in Texel Filtering.

Possible values of the VkSamplerCreateInfo::`addressMode*` parameters, specifying the behavior of sampling with coordinates outside the range [0,1] for the respective u, v, or w coordinate as defined in the Wrapping Operation section, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSamplerAddressMode {
        VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT = 0,
        VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRRORED_REPEAT = 1,
        VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE = 2,
        VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER = 3,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE = 4,
    } VkSamplerAddressMode;

- `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT` specifies that the repeat wrap mode will be used.

- `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRRORED_REPEAT` specifies that the mirrored repeat wrap mode will be used.

- `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE` specifies that the clamp to edge wrap mode will be used.

- `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER` specifies that the clamp to border wrap mode will be used.

- `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE` specifies that the mirror clamp to edge wrap mode will be used. This is only valid if samplerMirrorClampToEdge is enabled, or if the ``VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge`` extension is enabled.

Possible values of VkSamplerCreateInfo::`borderColor`, specifying the border color used for texture lookups, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkBorderColor {
        VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK = 0,
        VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK = 1,
        VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_BLACK = 2,
        VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK = 3,
        VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE = 4,
        VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_WHITE = 5,
    } VkBorderColor;

- `VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK` specifies a transparent, floating-point format, black color.

- `VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK` specifies a transparent, integer format, black color.

- `VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_BLACK` specifies an opaque, floating-point format, black color.

- `VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK` specifies an opaque, integer format, black color.

- `VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE` specifies an opaque, floating-point format, white color.

- `VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_WHITE` specifies an opaque, integer format, white color.

These colors are described in detail in Texel Replacement.

To destroy a sampler, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroySampler(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkSampler                                   sampler,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the sampler.

- `sampler` is the sampler to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroySampler-sampler-01082
  All submitted commands that refer to `sampler` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroySampler-sampler-01083
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `sampler` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroySampler-sampler-01084
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `sampler` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroySampler-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroySampler-sampler-parameter
  If `sampler` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `sampler` must be a valid VkSampler handle

- VUID-vkDestroySampler-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroySampler-sampler-parent
  If `sampler` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `sampler` must be externally synchronized

### 13.1. Sampler Y′CBCR conversion

To create a sampler with Y′CBCR conversion enabled, add a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkSamplerCreateInfo structure. To create a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, the `samplerYcbcrConversion` feature must be enabled. Conversion must be fixed at pipeline creation time, through use of a combined image sampler with an immutable sampler in `VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding`.

A VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo must be provided for samplers to be used with image views that access `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT` if the format is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion .

The `VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkSamplerYcbcrConversion    conversion;
    } VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `conversion` is a VkSamplerYcbcrConversion handle created with vkCreateSamplerYcbcrConversion.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_INFO`

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo-conversion-parameter
  `conversion` must be a valid VkSamplerYcbcrConversion handle

A sampler Y′CBCR conversion is an opaque representation of a device-specific sampler Y′CBCR conversion description, represented as a `VkSamplerYcbcrConversion` handle:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkSamplerYcbcrConversion)

To create a VkSamplerYcbcrConversion, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VkResult vkCreateSamplerYcbcrConversion(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo*   pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkSamplerYcbcrConversion*                   pYcbcrConversion);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the sampler Y′CBCR conversion.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo structure specifying the requested sampler Y′CBCR conversion.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pYcbcrConversion` is a pointer to a VkSamplerYcbcrConversion handle in which the resulting sampler Y′CBCR conversion is returned.

The interpretation of the configured sampler Y′CBCR conversion is described in more detail in the description of sampler Y′CBCR conversion in the Image Operations chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreateSamplerYcbcrConversion-None-01648
  The sampler Y′CBCR conversion feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateSamplerYcbcrConversion-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateSamplerYcbcrConversion-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateSamplerYcbcrConversion-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateSamplerYcbcrConversion-pYcbcrConversion-parameter
  `pYcbcrConversion` must be a valid pointer to a VkSamplerYcbcrConversion handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        const void*                      pNext;
        VkFormat                         format;
        VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion    ycbcrModel;
        VkSamplerYcbcrRange              ycbcrRange;
        VkComponentMapping               components;
        VkChromaLocation                 xChromaOffset;
        VkChromaLocation                 yChromaOffset;
        VkFilter                         chromaFilter;
        VkBool32                         forceExplicitReconstruction;
    } VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `format` is the format of the image from which color information will be retrieved.

- `ycbcrModel` describes the color matrix for conversion between color models.

- `ycbcrRange` describes whether the encoded values have headroom and foot room, or whether the encoding uses the full numerical range.

- `components` applies a swizzle based on VkComponentSwizzle enums prior to range expansion and color model conversion.

- `xChromaOffset` describes the sample location associated with downsampled chroma components in the x dimension. `xChromaOffset` has no effect for formats in which chroma components are not downsampled horizontally.

- `yChromaOffset` describes the sample location associated with downsampled chroma components in the y dimension. `yChromaOffset` has no effect for formats in which the chroma components are not downsampled vertically.

- `chromaFilter` is the filter for chroma reconstruction.

- `forceExplicitReconstruction` can be used to ensure that reconstruction is done explicitly, if supported.

| Note Setting `forceExplicitReconstruction` to `VK_TRUE` may have a performance penalty on implementations where explicit reconstruction is not the default mode of operation. If `format` supports `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT` the `forceExplicitReconstruction` value behaves as if it was set to `VK_TRUE`.

Sampler Y′CBCR conversion objects do not support external format conversion without additional extensions defining external formats.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-format-04060
  `format` must represent unsigned normalized values (i.e. the format must be a `UNORM` format)

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-format-01650
  The potential format features of the sampler Y′CBCR conversion must support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` or `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT`

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-xChromaOffset-01651
  If the potential format features of the sampler Y′CBCR conversion do not support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT`, `xChromaOffset` and `yChromaOffset` must not be `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN` if the corresponding components are downsampled

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-xChromaOffset-01652
  If the potential format features of the sampler Y′CBCR conversion do not support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT`, `xChromaOffset` and `yChromaOffset` must not be `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT` if the corresponding components are downsampled

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-components-02581
  If the format has a `_422` or `_420` suffix, then `components.g` must be the identity swizzle

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-components-02582
  If the format has a `_422` or `_420` suffix, then `components.a` must be the identity swizzle, `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ONE`, or `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ZERO`

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-components-02583
  If the format has a `_422` or `_420` suffix, then `components.r` must be the identity swizzle or `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B`

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-components-02584
  If the format has a `_422` or `_420` suffix, then `components.b` must be the identity swizzle or `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R`

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-components-02585
  If the format has a `_422` or `_420` suffix, and if either `components.r` or `components.b` is the identity swizzle, both values must be the identity swizzle

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-ycbcrModel-01655
  If `ycbcrModel` is not `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_RGB_IDENTITY`, then `components.r`, `components.g`, and `components.b` must correspond to components of the `format`; that is, `components.r`, `components.g`, and `components.b` must not be `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ZERO` or `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ONE`, and must not correspond to a component containing zero or one as a consequence of conversion to RGBA

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-ycbcrRange-02748
  If `ycbcrRange` is `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_NARROW` then the R, G and B components obtained by applying the `component` swizzle to `format` must each have a bit-depth greater than or equal to 8

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-forceExplicitReconstruction-01656
  If the potential format features of the sampler Y′CBCR conversion do not support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_FORCEABLE_BIT` `forceExplicitReconstruction` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-chromaFilter-01657
  If the potential format features of the sampler Y′CBCR conversion do not support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_LINEAR_FILTER_BIT`, `chromaFilter` must not be `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-ycbcrModel-parameter
  `ycbcrModel` must be a valid VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion value

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-ycbcrRange-parameter
  `ycbcrRange` must be a valid VkSamplerYcbcrRange value

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-components-parameter
  `components` must be a valid VkComponentMapping structure

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-xChromaOffset-parameter
  `xChromaOffset` must be a valid VkChromaLocation value

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-yChromaOffset-parameter
  `yChromaOffset` must be a valid VkChromaLocation value

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo-chromaFilter-parameter
  `chromaFilter` must be a valid VkFilter value

If `chromaFilter` is `VK_FILTER_NEAREST`, chroma samples are reconstructed to luma component resolution using nearest-neighbour sampling. Otherwise, chroma samples are reconstructed using interpolation. More details can be found in the description of sampler Y′CBCR conversion in the Image Operations chapter.

VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion defines the conversion from the source color model to the shader color model. Possible values are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion {
        VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_RGB_IDENTITY = 0,
        VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_IDENTITY = 1,
        VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_709 = 2,
        VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_601 = 3,
        VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_2020 = 4,
    } VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion;

- `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_RGB_IDENTITY` specifies that the input values to the conversion are unmodified.

- `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_IDENTITY` specifies no model conversion but the inputs are range expanded as for Y′CBCR.

- `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_709` specifies the color model conversion from Y′CBCR to R′G′B′ defined in BT.709 and described in the “BT.709 Y′CBCR conversion” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

- `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_601` specifies the color model conversion from Y′CBCR to R′G′B′ defined in BT.601 and described in the “BT.601 Y′CBCR conversion” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

- `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_2020` specifies the color model conversion from Y′CBCR to R′G′B′ defined in BT.2020 and described in the “BT.2020 Y′CBCR conversion” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

In the `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_*` color models, for the input to the sampler Y′CBCR range expansion and model conversion:

- the Y (Y′ luma) component corresponds to the G component of an RGB image.

- the CB (CB or “U” blue color difference) component corresponds to the B component of an RGB image.

- the CR (CR or “V” red color difference) component corresponds to the R component of an RGB image.

- the alpha component, if present, is not modified by color model conversion.

These rules reflect the mapping of components after the component swizzle operation (controlled by VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo::`components`).

| Note For example, an “YUVA” 32-bit format comprising four 8-bit components can be implemented as `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM` with a component mapping: `components.a` = `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY` `components.r` = `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B` `components.g` = `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R` `components.b` = `VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G`

The VkSamplerYcbcrRange enum describes whether color components are encoded using the full range of numerical values or whether values are reserved for headroom and foot room. VkSamplerYcbcrRange is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkSamplerYcbcrRange {
        VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_FULL = 0,
        VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_NARROW = 1,
    } VkSamplerYcbcrRange;

- `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_FULL` specifies that the full range of the encoded values are valid and interpreted according to the ITU “full range” quantization rules.

- `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_NARROW` specifies that headroom and foot room are reserved in the numerical range of encoded values, and the remaining values are expanded according to the ITU “narrow range” quantization rules.

The formulae for these conversions is described in the Sampler Y′CBCR Range Expansion section of the Image Operations chapter.

No range modification takes place if `ycbcrModel` is `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_RGB_IDENTITY`; the `ycbcrRange` field of VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo is ignored in this case.

The VkChromaLocation enum defines the location of downsampled chroma component samples relative to the luma samples, and is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkChromaLocation {
        VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN = 0,
        VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT = 1,
    } VkChromaLocation;

- `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN` specifies that downsampled chroma samples are aligned with luma samples with even coordinates.

- `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT` specifies that downsampled chroma samples are located half way between each even luma sample and the nearest higher odd luma sample.

To destroy a sampler Y′CBCR conversion, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkDestroySamplerYcbcrConversion(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkSamplerYcbcrConversion                    ycbcrConversion,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the Y′CBCR conversion.

- `ycbcrConversion` is the conversion to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroySamplerYcbcrConversion-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroySamplerYcbcrConversion-ycbcrConversion-parameter
  If `ycbcrConversion` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `ycbcrConversion` must be a valid VkSamplerYcbcrConversion handle

- VUID-vkDestroySamplerYcbcrConversion-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroySamplerYcbcrConversion-ycbcrConversion-parent
  If `ycbcrConversion` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `ycbcrConversion` must be externally synchronized

## 14. Resource Descriptors

A descriptor is an opaque data structure representing a shader resource such as a buffer, buffer view, image view, sampler, or combined image sampler. Descriptors are organized into descriptor sets, which are bound during command recording for use in subsequent drawing commands. The arrangement of content in each descriptor set is determined by a descriptor set layout, which determines what descriptors can be stored within it. The sequence of descriptor set layouts that can be used by a pipeline is specified in a pipeline layout. Each pipeline object can use up to `maxBoundDescriptorSets` (see Limits) descriptor sets.

Shaders access resources via variables decorated with a descriptor set and binding number that link them to a descriptor in a descriptor set. The shader interface mapping to bound descriptor sets is described in the Shader Resource Interface section.

Shaders can also access buffers without going through descriptors by using Physical Storage Buffer Access to access them through 64-bit addresses.

### 14.1. Descriptor Types

There are a number of different types of descriptor supported by Vulkan, corresponding to different resources or usage. The following sections describe the API definitions of each descriptor type. The mapping of each type to SPIR-V is listed in the Shader Resource and Descriptor Type Correspondence and Shader Resource and Storage Class Correspondence tables in the Shader Interfaces chapter.

#### 14.1.1. Storage Image

A storage image (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`) is a descriptor type associated with an image resource via an image view that load, store, and atomic operations can be performed on.

Storage image loads are supported in all shader stages for image views whose format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT`.

Stores to storage images are supported in compute shaders for image views whose format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT`.

Atomic operations on storage images are supported in compute shaders for image views whose format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`.

When the `fragmentStoresAndAtomics` feature is enabled, stores and atomic operations are also supported for storage images in fragment shaders with the same set of image formats as supported in compute shaders. When the `vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics` feature is enabled, stores and atomic operations are also supported in vertex, tessellation, and geometry shaders with the same set of image formats as supported in compute shaders.

The image subresources for a storage image must be in the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout in order to access its data in a shader.

#### 14.1.2. Sampler

A sampler descriptor (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`) is a descriptor type associated with a sampler object, used to control the behavior of sampling operations performed on a sampled image.

#### 14.1.3. Sampled Image

A sampled image (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`) is a descriptor type associated with an image resource via an image view that sampling operations can be performed on.

Shaders combine a sampled image variable and a sampler variable to perform sampling operations.

Sampled images are supported in all shader stages for image views whose format features contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`.

The image subresources for a sampled image must be in the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout in order to access its data in a shader.

#### 14.1.4. Combined Image Sampler

A combined image sampler (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`) is a single descriptor type associated with both a sampler and an image resource, combining both a sampler and sampled image descriptor into a single descriptor.

If the descriptor refers to a sampler that performs Y′CBCR conversion, the sampler must only be used to sample the image in the same descriptor. Otherwise, the sampler and image in this type of descriptor can be used freely with any other samplers and images.

The image subresources for a combined image sampler must be in the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout in order to access its data in a shader.

| Note On some implementations, it may be more efficient to sample from an image using a combination of sampler and sampled image that are stored together in the descriptor set in a combined descriptor.

#### 14.1.5. Uniform Texel Buffer

A uniform texel buffer (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER`) is a descriptor type associated with a buffer resource via a buffer view that formatted load operations can be performed on.

Uniform texel buffers define a tightly-packed 1-dimensional linear array of texels, with texels going through format conversion when read in a shader in the same way as they are for an image.

Load operations from uniform texel buffers are supported in all shader stages for image formats which report support for the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` feature bit via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties in VkFormatProperties::`bufferFeatures`.

#### 14.1.6. Storage Texel Buffer

A storage texel buffer (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`) is a descriptor type associated with a buffer resource via a buffer view that formatted load, store, and atomic operations can be performed on.

Storage texel buffers define a tightly-packed 1-dimensional linear array of texels, with texels going through format conversion when read in a shader in the same way as they are for an image. Unlike uniform texel buffers, these buffers can also be written to in the same way as for storage images.

Storage texel buffer loads are supported in all shader stages for texel buffer formats which report support for the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` feature bit via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties in VkFormatProperties::`bufferFeatures`.

Stores to storage texel buffers are supported in compute shaders for texel buffer formats which report support for the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` feature via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties in VkFormatProperties::`bufferFeatures`.

Atomic operations on storage texel buffers are supported in compute shaders for texel buffer formats which report support for the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` feature via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties in VkFormatProperties::`bufferFeatures`.

When the `fragmentStoresAndAtomics` feature is enabled, stores and atomic operations are also supported for storage texel buffers in fragment shaders with the same set of texel buffer formats as supported in compute shaders. When the `vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics` feature is enabled, stores and atomic operations are also supported in vertex, tessellation, and geometry shaders with the same set of texel buffer formats as supported in compute shaders.

#### 14.1.7. Storage Buffer

A storage buffer (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER`) is a descriptor type associated with a buffer resource directly, described in a shader as a structure with various members that load, store, and atomic operations can be performed on.

| Note Atomic operations can only be performed on members of certain types as defined in the SPIR-V environment appendix.

#### 14.1.8. Uniform Buffer

A uniform buffer (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER`) is a descriptor type associated with a buffer resource directly, described in a shader as a structure with various members that load operations can be performed on.

#### 14.1.9. Dynamic Uniform Buffer

A dynamic uniform buffer (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`) is almost identical to a uniform buffer, and differs only in how the offset into the buffer is specified. The base offset calculated by the VkDescriptorBufferInfo when initially updating the descriptor set is added to a dynamic offset when binding the descriptor set.

#### 14.1.10. Dynamic Storage Buffer

A dynamic storage buffer (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`) is almost identical to a storage buffer, and differs only in how the offset into the buffer is specified. The base offset calculated by the VkDescriptorBufferInfo when initially updating the descriptor set is added to a dynamic offset when binding the descriptor set.

#### 14.1.11. Inline Uniform Block

An inline uniform block (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`) is almost identical to a uniform buffer, and differs only in taking its storage directly from the encompassing descriptor set instead of being backed by buffer memory. It is typically used to access a small set of constant data that does not require the additional flexibility provided by the indirection enabled when using a uniform buffer where the descriptor and the referenced buffer memory are decoupled. Compared to push constants, they allow reusing the same set of constant data across multiple disjoint sets of drawing and dispatching commands.

Inline uniform block descriptors cannot be aggregated into arrays. Instead, the array size specified for an inline uniform block descriptor binding specifies the binding’s capacity in bytes.

#### 14.1.12. Input Attachment

An input attachment (`VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`) is a descriptor type associated with an image resource via an image view that can be used for framebuffer local load operations in fragment shaders.

All image formats that are supported for color attachments (`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` ) or depth/stencil attachments (`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`) for a given image tiling mode are also supported for input attachments.

The image subresources for an input attachment must be in a valid image layout in order to access its data in a shader.

### 14.2. Descriptor Sets

Descriptors are grouped together into descriptor set objects. A descriptor set object is an opaque object containing storage for a set of descriptors, where the types and number of descriptors is defined by a descriptor set layout. The layout object may be used to define the association of each descriptor binding with memory or other implementation resources. The layout is used both for determining the resources that need to be associated with the descriptor set, and determining the interface between shader stages and shader resources.

#### 14.2.1. Descriptor Set Layout

A descriptor set layout object is defined by an array of zero or more descriptor bindings. Each individual descriptor binding is specified by a descriptor type, a count (array size) of the number of descriptors in the binding, a set of shader stages that can access the binding, and (if using immutable samplers) an array of sampler descriptors.

Descriptor set layout objects are represented by `VkDescriptorSetLayout` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkDescriptorSetLayout)

To create descriptor set layout objects, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo*      pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkDescriptorSetLayout*                      pSetLayout);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the descriptor set layout.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo structure specifying the state of the descriptor set layout object.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pSetLayout` is a pointer to a VkDescriptorSetLayout handle in which the resulting descriptor set layout object is returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout-pSetLayout-parameter
  `pSetLayout` must be a valid pointer to a VkDescriptorSetLayout handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

Information about the descriptor set layout is passed in a `VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo` structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                        sType;
        const void*                            pNext;
        VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlags       flags;
        uint32_t                               bindingCount;
        const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding*    pBindings;
    } VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask specifying options for descriptor set layout creation.

- `bindingCount` is the number of elements in `pBindings`.

- `pBindings` is a pointer to an array of VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding structures.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-binding-00279
  The VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding::`binding` members of the elements of the `pBindings` array must each have different values

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-flags-03000
  If any binding has the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` bit set, `flags` must include `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03001
  If any binding has the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` bit set, then all bindings must not have `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo-pBindings-parameter
  If `bindingCount` is not `0`, `pBindings` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` valid VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding structures

Bits which can be set in VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::`flags`, specifying options for descriptor set layout, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlagBits {
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT = 0x00000002,
    } VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` specifies that descriptor sets using this layout must be allocated from a descriptor pool created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` bit set. Descriptor set layouts created with this bit set have alternate limits for the maximum number of descriptors per-stage and per-pipeline layout. The non-UpdateAfterBind limits only count descriptors in sets created without this flag. The UpdateAfterBind limits count all descriptors, but the limits may be higher than the non-UpdateAfterBind limits.

| Note All bits for this type are defined by extensions, and none of those extensions are enabled in this build of the specification.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlags;

`VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlagBits.

The `VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding {
        uint32_t              binding;
        VkDescriptorType      descriptorType;
        uint32_t              descriptorCount;
        VkShaderStageFlags    stageFlags;
        const VkSampler*      pImmutableSamplers;
    } VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding;

- `binding` is the binding number of this entry and corresponds to a resource of the same binding number in the shader stages.

- `descriptorType` is a VkDescriptorType specifying which type of resource descriptors are used for this binding.

- `descriptorCount` is the number of descriptors contained in the binding, accessed in a shader as an array, except if `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` in which case `descriptorCount` is the size in bytes of the inline uniform block. If `descriptorCount` is zero this binding entry is reserved and the resource must not be accessed from any stage via this binding within any pipeline using the set layout.

- `stageFlags` member is a bitmask of VkShaderStageFlagBits specifying which pipeline shader stages can access a resource for this binding. `VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL` is a shorthand specifying that all defined shader stages, including any additional stages defined by extensions, can access the resource.

  If a shader stage is not included in `stageFlags`, then a resource must not be accessed from that stage via this binding within any pipeline using the set layout. Other than input attachments which are limited to the fragment shader, there are no limitations on what combinations of stages can use a descriptor binding, and in particular a binding can be used by both graphics stages and the compute stage.

- `pImmutableSamplers` affects initialization of samplers. If `descriptorType` specifies a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` type descriptor, then `pImmutableSamplers` can be used to initialize a set of immutable samplers. Immutable samplers are permanently bound into the set layout and must not be changed; updating a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` descriptor with immutable samplers is not allowed and updates to a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` descriptor with immutable samplers does not modify the samplers (the image views are updated, but the sampler updates are ignored). If `pImmutableSamplers` is not `NULL`, then it is a pointer to an array of sampler handles that will be copied into the set layout and used for the corresponding binding. Only the sampler handles are copied; the sampler objects must not be destroyed before the final use of the set layout and any descriptor pools and sets created using it. If `pImmutableSamplers` is `NULL`, then the sampler slots are dynamic and sampler handles must be bound into descriptor sets using this layout. If `descriptorType` is not one of these descriptor types, then `pImmutableSamplers` is ignored.

The above layout definition allows the descriptor bindings to be specified sparsely such that not all binding numbers between 0 and the maximum binding number need to be specified in the `pBindings` array. Bindings that are not specified have a `descriptorCount` and `stageFlags` of zero, and the value of `descriptorType` is undefined. However, all binding numbers between 0 and the maximum binding number in the VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::`pBindings` array may consume memory in the descriptor set layout even if not all descriptor bindings are used, though it should not consume additional memory from the descriptor pool.

| Note The maximum binding number specified should be as compact as possible to avoid wasted memory.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorType-00282
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, and `descriptorCount` is not `0` and `pImmutableSamplers` is not `NULL`, `pImmutableSamplers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `descriptorCount` valid `VkSampler` handles

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorType-04604
  If the inlineUniformBlock feature is not enabled, `descriptorType` must not be `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorType-02209
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `descriptorCount` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorType-02210
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `descriptorCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties`::`maxInlineUniformBlockSize`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorCount-00283
  If `descriptorCount` is not `0`, `stageFlags` must be a valid combination of VkShaderStageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorType-01510
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` and `descriptorCount` is not `0`, then `stageFlags` must be `0` or `VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding-descriptorType-parameter
  `descriptorType` must be a valid VkDescriptorType value

If the `pNext` chain of a VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo structure includes a VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo structure, then that structure includes an array of flags, one for each descriptor set layout binding.

The VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        const void*                        pNext;
        uint32_t                           bindingCount;
        const VkDescriptorBindingFlags*    pBindingFlags;
    } VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `bindingCount` is zero or the number of elements in `pBindingFlags`.

- `pBindingFlags` is a pointer to an array of VkDescriptorBindingFlags bitfields, one for each descriptor set layout binding.

If `bindingCount` is zero or if this structure is not included in the `pNext` chain, the VkDescriptorBindingFlags for each descriptor set layout binding is considered to be zero. Otherwise, the descriptor set layout binding at VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::`pBindings`[i] uses the flags in `pBindingFlags`[i].

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-bindingCount-03002
  If `bindingCount` is not zero, `bindingCount` must equal VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::`bindingCount`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-pBindingFlags-03004
  If an element of `pBindingFlags` includes `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT`, then all other elements of VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo::`pBindings` must have a smaller value of `binding`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind-03005
  If VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures::`descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind` is not enabled, all bindings with descriptor type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` must not use `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind-03006
  If VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures::`descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind` is not enabled, all bindings with descriptor type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` must not use `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind-03007
  If VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures::`descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind` is not enabled, all bindings with descriptor type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE` must not use `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind-03008
  If VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures::`descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind` is not enabled, all bindings with descriptor type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` must not use `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind-03009
  If VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures::`descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind` is not enabled, all bindings with descriptor type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` must not use `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind-03010
  If VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures::`descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind` is not enabled, all bindings with descriptor type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` must not use `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingInlineUniformBlockUpdateAfterBind-02211
  If VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockFeatures::`descriptorBindingInlineUniformBlockUpdateAfterBind` is not enabled, all bindings with descriptor type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` must not use `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-None-03011
  All bindings with descriptor type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` must not use `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending-03012
  If VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures::`descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending` is not enabled, all elements of `pBindingFlags` must not include `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingPartiallyBound-03013
  If VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures::`descriptorBindingPartiallyBound` is not enabled, all elements of `pBindingFlags` must not include `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount-03014
  If VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures::`descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount` is not enabled, all elements of `pBindingFlags` must not include `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-pBindingFlags-03015
  If an element of `pBindingFlags` includes `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT`, that element’s `descriptorType` must not be `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_BINDING_FLAGS_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo-pBindingFlags-parameter
  If `bindingCount` is not `0`, `pBindingFlags` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` valid combinations of VkDescriptorBindingFlagBits values

Bits which can be set in each element of VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo::`pBindingFlags`, specifying options for the corresponding descriptor set layout binding, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef enum VkDescriptorBindingFlagBits {
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT = 0x00000008,
    } VkDescriptorBindingFlagBits;

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` indicates that if descriptors in this binding are updated between when the descriptor set is bound in a command buffer and when that command buffer is submitted to a queue, then the submission will use the most recently set descriptors for this binding and the updates do not invalidate the command buffer. Descriptor bindings created with this flag are also partially exempt from the external synchronization requirement in vkUpdateDescriptorSets. Multiple descriptors with this flag set can be updated concurrently in different threads, though the same descriptor must not be updated concurrently by two threads. Descriptors with this flag set can be updated concurrently with the set being bound to a command buffer in another thread, but not concurrently with the set being reset or freed.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT` indicates that descriptors in this binding that are not dynamically used need not contain valid descriptors at the time the descriptors are consumed. A descriptor is dynamically used if any shader invocation executes an instruction that performs any memory access using the descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT` indicates that descriptors in this binding can be updated after a command buffer has bound this descriptor set, or while a command buffer that uses this descriptor set is pending execution, as long as the descriptors that are updated are not used by those command buffers. If `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT` is also set, then descriptors can be updated as long as they are not dynamically used by any shader invocations. If `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT` is not set, then descriptors can be updated as long as they are not statically used by any shader invocations.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT` indicates that this is a variable-sized descriptor binding whose size will be specified when a descriptor set is allocated using this layout. The value of `descriptorCount` is treated as an upper bound on the size of the binding. This must only be used for the last binding in the descriptor set layout (i.e. the binding with the largest value of `binding`). For the purposes of counting against limits such as `maxDescriptorSet`* and `maxPerStageDescriptor`*, the full value of `descriptorCount` is counted, except for descriptor bindings with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`. In this case, `descriptorCount` specifies the upper bound on the byte size of the binding; thus it counts against the `maxInlineUniformTotalSize` limit instead.

| Note Note that while `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT` both involve updates to descriptor sets after they are bound, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT` is a weaker requirement since it is only about descriptors that are not used, whereas `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` requires the implementation to observe updates to descriptors that are used.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef VkFlags VkDescriptorBindingFlags;

`VkDescriptorBindingFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkDescriptorBindingFlagBits.

To query information about whether a descriptor set layout can be created, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutSupport(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo*      pCreateInfo,
        VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport*               pSupport);

- `device` is the logical device that would create the descriptor set layout.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo structure specifying the state of the descriptor set layout object.

- `pSupport` is a pointer to a VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport structure, in which information about support for the descriptor set layout object is returned.

Some implementations have limitations on what fits in a descriptor set which are not easily expressible in terms of existing limits like `maxDescriptorSet`*, for example if all descriptor types share a limited space in memory but each descriptor is a different size or alignment. This command returns information about whether a descriptor set satisfies this limit. If the descriptor set layout satisfies the VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties::`maxPerSetDescriptors` limit, this command is guaranteed to return `VK_TRUE` in VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport::`supported`. If the descriptor set layout exceeds the VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties::`maxPerSetDescriptors` limit, whether the descriptor set layout is supported is implementation-dependent and may depend on whether the descriptor sizes and alignments cause the layout to exceed an internal limit.

This command does not consider other limits such as `maxPerStageDescriptor`*, and so a descriptor set layout that is supported according to this command must still satisfy the pipeline layout limits such as `maxPerStageDescriptor`* in order to be used in a pipeline layout.

| Note This is a `VkDevice` query rather than `VkPhysicalDevice` because the answer may depend on enabled features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutSupport-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutSupport-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutSupport-pSupport-parameter
  `pSupport` must be a valid pointer to a VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport structure

Information about support for the descriptor set layout is returned in a `VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport` structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           supported;
    } VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `supported` specifies whether the descriptor set layout can be created.

`supported` is set to `VK_TRUE` if the descriptor set can be created, or else is set to `VK_FALSE`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_SUPPORT`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountLayoutSupport

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

If the `pNext` chain of a VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport structure includes a `VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountLayoutSupport` structure, then that structure returns additional information about whether the descriptor set layout is supported.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountLayoutSupport {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint32_t           maxVariableDescriptorCount;
    } VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountLayoutSupport;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `maxVariableDescriptorCount` indicates the maximum number of descriptors supported in the highest numbered binding of the layout, if that binding is variable-sized. If the highest numbered binding of the layout has a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `maxVariableDescriptorCount` indicates the maximum byte size supported for the binding, if that binding is variable-sized.

If the VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo structure specified in vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutSupport::`pCreateInfo` includes a variable-sized descriptor, then `supported` is determined assuming the requested size of the variable-sized descriptor, and `maxVariableDescriptorCount` is set to the maximum size of that descriptor that can be successfully created (which is greater than or equal to the requested size passed in). If the VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo structure does not include a variable-sized descriptor, or if the VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures::`descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount` feature is not enabled, then `maxVariableDescriptorCount` is set to zero. For the purposes of this command, a variable-sized descriptor binding with a `descriptorCount` of zero is treated as if the `descriptorCount` is one, and thus the binding is not ignored and the maximum descriptor count will be returned. If the layout is not supported, then the value written to `maxVariableDescriptorCount` is undefined.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountLayoutSupport-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_LAYOUT_SUPPORT`

The following examples show a shader snippet using two descriptor sets, and application code that creates corresponding descriptor set layouts.

GLSL example

    //
    // binding to a single sampled image descriptor in set 0
    //
    layout (set=0, binding=0) uniform texture2D mySampledImage;

    //
    // binding to an array of sampled image descriptors in set 0
    //
    layout (set=0, binding=1) uniform texture2D myArrayOfSampledImages[12];

    //
    // binding to a single uniform buffer descriptor in set 1
    //
    layout (set=1, binding=0) uniform myUniformBuffer
    {
        vec4 myElement[32];
    };

SPIR-V example

                   ...
              %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
                   ...
                   OpName %9 "mySampledImage"
                   OpName %14 "myArrayOfSampledImages"
                   OpName %18 "myUniformBuffer"
                   OpMemberName %18 0 "myElement"
                   OpName %20 ""
                   OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet 0
                   OpDecorate %9 Binding 0
                   OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 0
                   OpDecorate %14 Binding 1
                   OpDecorate %17 ArrayStride 16
                   OpMemberDecorate %18 0 Offset 0
                   OpDecorate %18 Block
                   OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 1
                   OpDecorate %20 Binding 0
              %2 = OpTypeVoid
              %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
              %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
              %7 = OpTypeImage %6 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
              %8 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %7
              %9 = OpVariable %8 UniformConstant
             %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
             %11 = OpConstant %10 12
             %12 = OpTypeArray %7 %11
             %13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %12
             %14 = OpVariable %13 UniformConstant
             %15 = OpTypeVector %6 4
             %16 = OpConstant %10 32
             %17 = OpTypeArray %15 %16
             %18 = OpTypeStruct %17
             %19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
             %20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
                   ...

API example

    VkResult myResult;

    const VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding myDescriptorSetLayoutBinding[] =
    {
        // binding to a single image descriptor
        {
            0,                                      // binding
            VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE,       // descriptorType
            1,                                      // descriptorCount
            VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,           // stageFlags
            NULL                                    // pImmutableSamplers
        },

        // binding to an array of image descriptors
        {
            1,                                      // binding
            VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE,       // descriptorType
            12,                                     // descriptorCount
            VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,           // stageFlags
            NULL                                    // pImmutableSamplers
        },

        // binding to a single uniform buffer descriptor
        {
            0,                                      // binding
            VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,      // descriptorType
            1,                                      // descriptorCount
            VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,           // stageFlags
            NULL                                    // pImmutableSamplers
        }
    };

    const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo myDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo[] =
    {
        // Information for first descriptor set with two descriptor bindings
        {
            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,    // sType
            NULL,                                                   // pNext
            0,                                                      // flags
            2,                                                      // bindingCount
            &myDescriptorSetLayoutBinding[0]                        // pBindings
        },

        // Information for second descriptor set with one descriptor binding
        {
            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,    // sType
            NULL,                                                   // pNext
            0,                                                      // flags
            1,                                                      // bindingCount
            &myDescriptorSetLayoutBinding[2]                        // pBindings
        }
    };

    VkDescriptorSetLayout myDescriptorSetLayout[2];

    //
    // Create first descriptor set layout
    //
    myResult = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(
        myDevice,
        &myDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo[0],
        NULL,
        &myDescriptorSetLayout[0]);

    //
    // Create second descriptor set layout
    //
    myResult = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(
        myDevice,
        &myDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo[1],
        NULL,
        &myDescriptorSetLayout[1]);

To destroy a descriptor set layout, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkDescriptorSetLayout                       descriptorSetLayout,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the descriptor set layout.

- `descriptorSetLayout` is the descriptor set layout to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout-descriptorSetLayout-00284
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `descriptorSetLayout` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout-descriptorSetLayout-00285
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `descriptorSetLayout` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout-descriptorSetLayout-parameter
  If `descriptorSetLayout` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `descriptorSetLayout` must be a valid VkDescriptorSetLayout handle

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout-descriptorSetLayout-parent
  If `descriptorSetLayout` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `descriptorSetLayout` must be externally synchronized

#### 14.2.2. Pipeline Layouts

Access to descriptor sets from a pipeline is accomplished through a pipeline layout. Zero or more descriptor set layouts and zero or more push constant ranges are combined to form a pipeline layout object describing the complete set of resources that can be accessed by a pipeline. The pipeline layout represents a sequence of descriptor sets with each having a specific layout. This sequence of layouts is used to determine the interface between shader stages and shader resources. Each pipeline is created using a pipeline layout.

Pipeline layout objects are represented by `VkPipelineLayout` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkPipelineLayout)

To create a pipeline layout, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreatePipelineLayout(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo*           pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkPipelineLayout*                           pPipelineLayout);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the pipeline layout.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo structure specifying the state of the pipeline layout object.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pPipelineLayout` is a pointer to a VkPipelineLayout handle in which the resulting pipeline layout object is returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreatePipelineLayout-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreatePipelineLayout-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreatePipelineLayout-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreatePipelineLayout-pPipelineLayout-parameter
  `pPipelineLayout` must be a valid pointer to a VkPipelineLayout handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                 sType;
        const void*                     pNext;
        VkPipelineLayoutCreateFlags     flags;
        uint32_t                        setLayoutCount;
        const VkDescriptorSetLayout*    pSetLayouts;
        uint32_t                        pushConstantRangeCount;
        const VkPushConstantRange*      pPushConstantRanges;
    } VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `setLayoutCount` is the number of descriptor sets included in the pipeline layout.

- `pSetLayouts` is a pointer to an array of `VkDescriptorSetLayout` objects.

- `pushConstantRangeCount` is the number of push constant ranges included in the pipeline layout.

- `pPushConstantRanges` is a pointer to an array of `VkPushConstantRange` structures defining a set of push constant ranges for use in a single pipeline layout. In addition to descriptor set layouts, a pipeline layout also describes how many push constants can be accessed by each stage of the pipeline.

  | Note Push constants represent a high speed path to modify constant data in pipelines that is expected to outperform memory-backed resource updates.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-setLayoutCount-00286
  `setLayoutCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxBoundDescriptorSets`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03016
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03017
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03018
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03019
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03020
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03021
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPerStageDescriptorInputAttachments`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-02214
  The total number of bindings in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties`::`maxPerStageDescriptorInlineUniformBlocks`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03022
  The total number of descriptors with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSamplers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03023
  The total number of descriptors with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03024
  The total number of descriptors with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03025
  The total number of descriptors with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSampledImages`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03026
  The total number of descriptors with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageImages`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03027
  The total number of descriptors with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-02215
  The total number of bindings with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` accessible to any given shader stage across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties`::`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03028
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDescriptorSetSamplers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03029
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03030
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffersDynamic`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03031
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03032
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffersDynamic`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03033
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDescriptorSetSampledImages`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03034
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDescriptorSetStorageImages`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-03035
  The total number of descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDescriptorSetInputAttachments`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-02216
  The total number of bindings in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties`::`maxDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlocks`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pSetLayouts-03036
  The total number of descriptors of the type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSamplers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pSetLayouts-03037
  The total number of descriptors of the type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pSetLayouts-03038
  The total number of descriptors of the type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffersDynamic`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pSetLayouts-03039
  The total number of descriptors of the type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pSetLayouts-03040
  The total number of descriptors of the type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffersDynamic`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pSetLayouts-03041
  The total number of descriptors of the type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSampledImages`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pSetLayouts-03042
  The total number of descriptors of the type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageImages`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pSetLayouts-03043
  The total number of descriptors of the type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties`::`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-descriptorType-02217
  The total number of bindings with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` accessible across all shader stages and across all elements of `pSetLayouts` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties`::`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pPushConstantRanges-00292
  Any two elements of `pPushConstantRanges` must not include the same stage in `stageFlags`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pSetLayouts-parameter
  If `setLayoutCount` is not `0`, `pSetLayouts` must be a valid pointer to an array of `setLayoutCount` valid VkDescriptorSetLayout handles

- VUID-VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo-pPushConstantRanges-parameter
  If `pushConstantRangeCount` is not `0`, `pPushConstantRanges` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pushConstantRangeCount` valid VkPushConstantRange structures

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineLayoutCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineLayoutCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The `VkPushConstantRange` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPushConstantRange {
        VkShaderStageFlags    stageFlags;
        uint32_t              offset;
        uint32_t              size;
    } VkPushConstantRange;

- `stageFlags` is a set of stage flags describing the shader stages that will access a range of push constants. If a particular stage is not included in the range, then accessing members of that range of push constants from the corresponding shader stage will return undefined values.

- `offset` and `size` are the start offset and size, respectively, consumed by the range. Both `offset` and `size` are in units of bytes and must be a multiple of 4. The layout of the push constant variables is specified in the shader.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPushConstantRange-offset-00294
  `offset` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPushConstantsSize`

- VUID-VkPushConstantRange-offset-00295
  `offset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkPushConstantRange-size-00296
  `size` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkPushConstantRange-size-00297
  `size` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkPushConstantRange-size-00298
  `size` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPushConstantsSize` minus `offset`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPushConstantRange-stageFlags-parameter
  `stageFlags` must be a valid combination of VkShaderStageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkPushConstantRange-stageFlags-requiredbitmask
  `stageFlags` must not be `0`

Once created, pipeline layouts are used as part of pipeline creation (see Pipelines), as part of binding descriptor sets (see Descriptor Set Binding), and as part of setting push constants (see Push Constant Updates). Pipeline creation accepts a pipeline layout as input, and the layout may be used to map (set, binding, arrayElement) tuples to implementation resources or memory locations within a descriptor set. The assignment of implementation resources depends only on the bindings defined in the descriptor sets that comprise the pipeline layout, and not on any shader source.

All resource variables statically used in all shaders in a pipeline must be declared with a (set, binding, arrayElement) that exists in the corresponding descriptor set layout and is of an appropriate descriptor type and includes the set of shader stages it is used by in `stageFlags`. The pipeline layout can include entries that are not used by a particular pipeline, or that are dead-code eliminated from any of the shaders. The pipeline layout allows the application to provide a consistent set of bindings across multiple pipeline compiles, which enables those pipelines to be compiled in a way that the implementation may cheaply switch pipelines without reprogramming the bindings.

Similarly, the push constant block declared in each shader (if present) must only place variables at offsets that are each included in a push constant range with `stageFlags` including the bit corresponding to the shader stage that uses it. The pipeline layout can include ranges or portions of ranges that are not used by a particular pipeline, or for which the variables have been dead-code eliminated from any of the shaders.

There is a limit on the total number of resources of each type that can be included in bindings in all descriptor set layouts in a pipeline layout as shown in Pipeline Layout Resource Limits. The “Total Resources Available” column gives the limit on the number of each type of resource that can be included in bindings in all descriptor sets in the pipeline layout. Some resource types count against multiple limits. Additionally, there are limits on the total number of each type of resource that can be used in any pipeline stage as described in Shader Resource Limits.

Table 9. Pipeline Layout Resource Limits
Total Resources Available | Resource Types
--- | ---
`maxDescriptorSetSamplers` or `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSamplers` | sampler
combined image sampler
`maxDescriptorSetSampledImages` or `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSampledImages` | sampled image
combined image sampler
uniform texel buffer
`maxDescriptorSetStorageImages` or `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageImages` | storage image
storage texel buffer
`maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers` or `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers` | uniform buffer
uniform buffer dynamic
`maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffersDynamic` or `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffersDynamic` | uniform buffer dynamic
`maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers` or `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers` | storage buffer
storage buffer dynamic
`maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffersDynamic` or `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffersDynamic` | storage buffer dynamic
`maxDescriptorSetInputAttachments` or `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` | input attachment
`maxDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlocks` or `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks` | inline uniform block

To destroy a pipeline layout, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyPipelineLayout(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkPipelineLayout                            pipelineLayout,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the pipeline layout.

- `pipelineLayout` is the pipeline layout to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineLayout-pipelineLayout-00299
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `pipelineLayout` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineLayout-pipelineLayout-00300
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `pipelineLayout` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineLayout-pipelineLayout-02004
  `pipelineLayout` must not have been passed to any `vkCmd*` command for any command buffers that are still in the recording state when `vkDestroyPipelineLayout` is called

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineLayout-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineLayout-pipelineLayout-parameter
  If `pipelineLayout` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `pipelineLayout` must be a valid VkPipelineLayout handle

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineLayout-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyPipelineLayout-pipelineLayout-parent
  If `pipelineLayout` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `pipelineLayout` must be externally synchronized

##### Pipeline Layout Compatibility

Two pipeline layouts are defined to be “compatible for push constants” if they were created with identical push constant ranges. Two pipeline layouts are defined to be “compatible for set N” if they were created with identically defined descriptor set layouts for sets zero through N, and if they were created with identical push constant ranges.

When binding a descriptor set (see Descriptor Set Binding) to set number N, if the previously bound descriptor sets for sets zero through N-1 were all bound using compatible pipeline layouts, then performing this binding does not disturb any of the lower numbered sets. If, additionally, the previously bound descriptor set for set N was bound using a pipeline layout compatible for set N, then the bindings in sets numbered greater than N are also not disturbed.

Similarly, when binding a pipeline, the pipeline can correctly access any previously bound descriptor sets which were bound with compatible pipeline layouts, as long as all lower numbered sets were also bound with compatible layouts.

Layout compatibility means that descriptor sets can be bound to a command buffer for use by any pipeline created with a compatible pipeline layout, and without having bound a particular pipeline first. It also means that descriptor sets can remain valid across a pipeline change, and the same resources will be accessible to the newly bound pipeline.

Implementor’s Note

A consequence of layout compatibility is that when the implementation compiles a pipeline layout and maps pipeline resources to implementation resources, the mechanism for set N should only be a function of sets [0..N].

| Note Place the least frequently changing descriptor sets near the start of the pipeline layout, and place the descriptor sets representing the most frequently changing resources near the end. When pipelines are switched, only the descriptor set bindings that have been invalidated will need to be updated and the remainder of the descriptor set bindings will remain in place.

The maximum number of descriptor sets that can be bound to a pipeline layout is queried from physical device properties (see `maxBoundDescriptorSets` in Limits).

API example

    const VkDescriptorSetLayout layouts[] = { layout1, layout2 };

    const VkPushConstantRange ranges[] =
    {
        {
            VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,    // stageFlags
            0,                             // offset
            4                              // size
        },

        {
            VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,  // stageFlags
            4,                             // offset
            4                              // size
        },
    };

    const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo createInfo =
    {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,  // sType
        NULL,                                           // pNext
        0,                                              // flags
        2,                                              // setLayoutCount
        layouts,                                        // pSetLayouts
        2,                                              // pushConstantRangeCount
        ranges                                          // pPushConstantRanges
    };

    VkPipelineLayout myPipelineLayout;
    myResult = vkCreatePipelineLayout(
        myDevice,
        &createInfo,
        NULL,
        &myPipelineLayout);

#### 14.2.3. Allocation of Descriptor Sets

A descriptor pool maintains a pool of descriptors, from which descriptor sets are allocated. Descriptor pools are externally synchronized, meaning that the application must not allocate and/or free descriptor sets from the same pool in multiple threads simultaneously.

Descriptor pools are represented by `VkDescriptorPool` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkDescriptorPool)

To create a descriptor pool object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateDescriptorPool(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo*           pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkDescriptorPool*                           pDescriptorPool);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the descriptor pool.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo structure specifying the state of the descriptor pool object.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pDescriptorPool` is a pointer to a VkDescriptorPool handle in which the resulting descriptor pool object is returned.

The created descriptor pool is returned in `pDescriptorPool`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorPool-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorPool-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorPool-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorPool-pDescriptorPool-parameter
  `pDescriptorPool` must be a valid pointer to a VkDescriptorPool handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

Additional information about the pool is passed in a `VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo` structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                sType;
        const void*                    pNext;
        VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlags    flags;
        uint32_t                       maxSets;
        uint32_t                       poolSizeCount;
        const VkDescriptorPoolSize*    pPoolSizes;
    } VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlagBits specifying certain supported operations on the pool.

- `maxSets` is the maximum number of descriptor sets that can be allocated from the pool.

- `poolSizeCount` is the number of elements in `pPoolSizes`.

- `pPoolSizes` is a pointer to an array of VkDescriptorPoolSize structures, each containing a descriptor type and number of descriptors of that type to be allocated in the pool.

If multiple `VkDescriptorPoolSize` structures containing the same descriptor type appear in the `pPoolSizes` array then the pool will be created with enough storage for the total number of descriptors of each type.

Fragmentation of a descriptor pool is possible and may lead to descriptor set allocation failures. A failure due to fragmentation is defined as failing a descriptor set allocation despite the sum of all outstanding descriptor set allocations from the pool plus the requested allocation requiring no more than the total number of descriptors requested at pool creation. Implementations provide certain guarantees of when fragmentation must not cause allocation failure, as described below.

If a descriptor pool has not had any descriptor sets freed since it was created or most recently reset then fragmentation must not cause an allocation failure (note that this is always the case for a pool created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT` bit set). Additionally, if all sets allocated from the pool since it was created or most recently reset use the same number of descriptors (of each type) and the requested allocation also uses that same number of descriptors (of each type), then fragmentation must not cause an allocation failure.

If an allocation failure occurs due to fragmentation, an application can create an additional descriptor pool to perform further descriptor set allocations.

If `flags` has the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` bit set, descriptor pool creation may fail with the error `VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTATION` if the total number of descriptors across all pools (including this one) created with this bit set exceeds `maxUpdateAfterBindDescriptorsInAllPools`, or if fragmentation of the underlying hardware resources occurs.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo-maxSets-00301
  `maxSets` must be greater than `0`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDescriptorPoolInlineUniformBlockCreateInfo

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo-pPoolSizes-parameter
  `pPoolSizes` must be a valid pointer to an array of `poolSizeCount` valid VkDescriptorPoolSize structures

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo-poolSizeCount-arraylength
  `poolSizeCount` must be greater than `0`

In order to be able to allocate descriptor sets having inline uniform block bindings the descriptor pool must be created with specifying the inline uniform block binding capacity of the descriptor pool, in addition to the total inline uniform data capacity in bytes which is specified through a VkDescriptorPoolSize structure with a `descriptorType` value of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`. This can be done by adding a `VkDescriptorPoolInlineUniformBlockCreateInfo` structure to the `pNext` chain of VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo.

The `VkDescriptorPoolInlineUniformBlockCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkDescriptorPoolInlineUniformBlockCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           maxInlineUniformBlockBindings;
    } VkDescriptorPoolInlineUniformBlockCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `maxInlineUniformBlockBindings` is the number of inline uniform block bindings to allocate.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolInlineUniformBlockCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_CREATE_INFO`

Bits which can be set in VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo::`flags`, enabling operations on a descriptor pool, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlagBits {
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT = 0x00000001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT = 0x00000002,
    } VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlagBits;

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT` specifies that descriptor sets can return their individual allocations to the pool, i.e. all of vkAllocateDescriptorSets, vkFreeDescriptorSets, and vkResetDescriptorPool are allowed. Otherwise, descriptor sets allocated from the pool must not be individually freed back to the pool, i.e. only vkAllocateDescriptorSets and vkResetDescriptorPool are allowed.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` specifies that descriptor sets allocated from this pool can include bindings with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` bit set. It is valid to allocate descriptor sets that have bindings that do not set the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` bit from a pool that has `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` set.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlags;

`VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlagBits.

The `VkDescriptorPoolSize` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDescriptorPoolSize {
        VkDescriptorType    type;
        uint32_t            descriptorCount;
    } VkDescriptorPoolSize;

- `type` is the type of descriptor.

- `descriptorCount` is the number of descriptors of that type to allocate. If `type` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `descriptorCount` is the number of bytes to allocate for descriptors of this type.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolSize-descriptorCount-00302
  `descriptorCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolSize-type-02218
  If `type` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `descriptorCount` must be a multiple of `4`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorPoolSize-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkDescriptorType value

To destroy a descriptor pool, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyDescriptorPool(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkDescriptorPool                            descriptorPool,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the descriptor pool.

- `descriptorPool` is the descriptor pool to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

When a pool is destroyed, all descriptor sets allocated from the pool are implicitly freed and become invalid. Descriptor sets allocated from a given pool do not need to be freed before destroying that descriptor pool.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorPool-descriptorPool-00303
  All submitted commands that refer to `descriptorPool` (via any allocated descriptor sets) must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorPool-descriptorPool-00304
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `descriptorPool` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorPool-descriptorPool-00305
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `descriptorPool` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorPool-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorPool-descriptorPool-parameter
  If `descriptorPool` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `descriptorPool` must be a valid VkDescriptorPool handle

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorPool-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorPool-descriptorPool-parent
  If `descriptorPool` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `descriptorPool` must be externally synchronized

Descriptor sets are allocated from descriptor pool objects, and are represented by `VkDescriptorSet` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkDescriptorSet)

To allocate descriptor sets from a descriptor pool, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkAllocateDescriptorSets(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo*          pAllocateInfo,
        VkDescriptorSet*                            pDescriptorSets);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the descriptor pool.

- `pAllocateInfo` is a pointer to a VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo structure describing parameters of the allocation.

- `pDescriptorSets` is a pointer to an array of VkDescriptorSet handles in which the resulting descriptor set objects are returned.

The allocated descriptor sets are returned in `pDescriptorSets`.

When a descriptor set is allocated, the initial state is largely uninitialized and all descriptors are undefined. Descriptors also become undefined if the underlying resource is destroyed. Descriptor sets containing undefined descriptors can still be bound and used, subject to the following conditions:

- For descriptor set bindings created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT` bit set, all descriptors in that binding that are dynamically used must have been populated before the descriptor set is consumed.

- For descriptor set bindings created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT` bit set, all descriptors in that binding that are statically used must have been populated before the descriptor set is consumed.

- Descriptor bindings with descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` can be undefined when the descriptor set is consumed; though values in that block will be undefined.

- Entries that are not used by a pipeline can have undefined descriptors.

If a call to `vkAllocateDescriptorSets` would cause the total number of descriptor sets allocated from the pool to exceed the value of VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo::`maxSets` used to create `pAllocateInfo->descriptorPool`, then the allocation may fail due to lack of space in the descriptor pool. Similarly, the allocation may fail due to lack of space if the call to `vkAllocateDescriptorSets` would cause the number of any given descriptor type to exceed the sum of all the `descriptorCount` members of each element of VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo::`pPoolSizes` with a `type` equal to that type.

Additionally, the allocation may also fail if a call to `vkAllocateDescriptorSets` would cause the total number of inline uniform block bindings allocated from the pool to exceed the value of VkDescriptorPoolInlineUniformBlockCreateInfo::`maxInlineUniformBlockBindings` used to create the descriptor pool.

If the allocation fails due to no more space in the descriptor pool, and not because of system or device memory exhaustion, then `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY` must be returned.

`vkAllocateDescriptorSets` can be used to create multiple descriptor sets. If the creation of any of those descriptor sets fails, then the implementation must destroy all successfully created descriptor set objects from this command, set all entries of the `pDescriptorSets` array to VK_NULL_HANDLE and return the error.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkAllocateDescriptorSets-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkAllocateDescriptorSets-pAllocateInfo-parameter
  `pAllocateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo structure

- VUID-vkAllocateDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-parameter
  `pDescriptorSets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pAllocateInfo->descriptorSetCount` VkDescriptorSet handles

- VUID-vkAllocateDescriptorSets-pAllocateInfo::descriptorSetCount-arraylength
  `pAllocateInfo->descriptorSetCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `pAllocateInfo->descriptorPool` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTED_POOL`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY`

The `VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo {
        VkStructureType                 sType;
        const void*                     pNext;
        VkDescriptorPool                descriptorPool;
        uint32_t                        descriptorSetCount;
        const VkDescriptorSetLayout*    pSetLayouts;
    } VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `descriptorPool` is the pool which the sets will be allocated from.

- `descriptorSetCount` determines the number of descriptor sets to be allocated from the pool.

- `pSetLayouts` is a pointer to an array of descriptor set layouts, with each member specifying how the corresponding descriptor set is allocated.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-pSetLayouts-03044
  If any element of `pSetLayouts` was created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set, `descriptorPool` must have been created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` flag set

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-descriptorPool-parameter
  `descriptorPool` must be a valid VkDescriptorPool handle

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-pSetLayouts-parameter
  `pSetLayouts` must be a valid pointer to an array of `descriptorSetCount` valid VkDescriptorSetLayout handles

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-descriptorSetCount-arraylength
  `descriptorSetCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo-commonparent
  Both of `descriptorPool`, and the elements of `pSetLayouts` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

If the `pNext` chain of a VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo structure includes a `VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo` structure, then that structure includes an array of descriptor counts for variable-sized descriptor bindings, one for each descriptor set being allocated.

The `VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           descriptorSetCount;
        const uint32_t*    pDescriptorCounts;
    } VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `descriptorSetCount` is zero or the number of elements in `pDescriptorCounts`.

- `pDescriptorCounts` is a pointer to an array of descriptor counts, with each member specifying the number of descriptors in a variable-sized descriptor binding in the corresponding descriptor set being allocated.

If `descriptorSetCount` is zero or this structure is not included in the `pNext` chain, then the variable lengths are considered to be zero. Otherwise, `pDescriptorCounts`[i] is the number of descriptors in the variable-sized descriptor binding in the corresponding descriptor set layout. If the variable-sized descriptor binding in the corresponding descriptor set layout has a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `pDescriptorCounts`[i] specifies the binding’s capacity in bytes. If VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo::`pSetLayouts`[i] does not include a variable-sized descriptor binding, then `pDescriptorCounts`[i] is ignored.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo-descriptorSetCount-03045
  If `descriptorSetCount` is not zero, `descriptorSetCount` must equal VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo::`descriptorSetCount`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo-pSetLayouts-03046
  If VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo::`pSetLayouts`[i] has a variable-sized descriptor binding, then `pDescriptorCounts`[i] must be less than or equal to the descriptor count specified for that binding when the descriptor set layout was created

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_ALLOCATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo-pDescriptorCounts-parameter
  If `descriptorSetCount` is not `0`, `pDescriptorCounts` must be a valid pointer to an array of `descriptorSetCount` `uint32_t` values

To free allocated descriptor sets, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkFreeDescriptorSets(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkDescriptorPool                            descriptorPool,
        uint32_t                                    descriptorSetCount,
        const VkDescriptorSet*                      pDescriptorSets);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the descriptor pool.

- `descriptorPool` is the descriptor pool from which the descriptor sets were allocated.

- `descriptorSetCount` is the number of elements in the `pDescriptorSets` array.

- `pDescriptorSets` is a pointer to an array of handles to VkDescriptorSet objects.

After calling `vkFreeDescriptorSets`, all descriptor sets in `pDescriptorSets` are invalid.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkFreeDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-00309
  All submitted commands that refer to any element of `pDescriptorSets` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkFreeDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-00310
  `pDescriptorSets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `descriptorSetCount` `VkDescriptorSet` handles, each element of which must either be a valid handle or VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkFreeDescriptorSets-descriptorPool-00312
  `descriptorPool` must have been created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT` flag

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkFreeDescriptorSets-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkFreeDescriptorSets-descriptorPool-parameter
  `descriptorPool` must be a valid VkDescriptorPool handle

- VUID-vkFreeDescriptorSets-descriptorSetCount-arraylength
  `descriptorSetCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkFreeDescriptorSets-descriptorPool-parent
  `descriptorPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

- VUID-vkFreeDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-parent
  Each element of `pDescriptorSets` that is a valid handle must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `descriptorPool`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `descriptorPool` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to each member of `pDescriptorSets` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

To return all descriptor sets allocated from a given pool to the pool, rather than freeing individual descriptor sets, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkResetDescriptorPool(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkDescriptorPool                            descriptorPool,
        VkDescriptorPoolResetFlags                  flags);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the descriptor pool.

- `descriptorPool` is the descriptor pool to be reset.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

Resetting a descriptor pool recycles all of the resources from all of the descriptor sets allocated from the descriptor pool back to the descriptor pool, and the descriptor sets are implicitly freed.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkResetDescriptorPool-descriptorPool-00313
  All uses of `descriptorPool` (via any allocated descriptor sets) must have completed execution

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkResetDescriptorPool-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkResetDescriptorPool-descriptorPool-parameter
  `descriptorPool` must be a valid VkDescriptorPool handle

- VUID-vkResetDescriptorPool-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-vkResetDescriptorPool-descriptorPool-parent
  `descriptorPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `descriptorPool` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to any `VkDescriptorSet` objects allocated from `descriptorPool` must be externally synchronized

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkDescriptorPoolResetFlags;

`VkDescriptorPoolResetFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

#### 14.2.4. Descriptor Set Updates

Once allocated, descriptor sets can be updated with a combination of write and copy operations. To update descriptor sets, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkUpdateDescriptorSets(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        uint32_t                                    descriptorWriteCount,
        const VkWriteDescriptorSet*                 pDescriptorWrites,
        uint32_t                                    descriptorCopyCount,
        const VkCopyDescriptorSet*                  pDescriptorCopies);

- `device` is the logical device that updates the descriptor sets.

- `descriptorWriteCount` is the number of elements in the `pDescriptorWrites` array.

- `pDescriptorWrites` is a pointer to an array of VkWriteDescriptorSet structures describing the descriptor sets to write to.

- `descriptorCopyCount` is the number of elements in the `pDescriptorCopies` array.

- `pDescriptorCopies` is a pointer to an array of VkCopyDescriptorSet structures describing the descriptor sets to copy between.

The operations described by `pDescriptorWrites` are performed first, followed by the operations described by `pDescriptorCopies`. Within each array, the operations are performed in the order they appear in the array.

Each element in the `pDescriptorWrites` array describes an operation updating the descriptor set using descriptors for resources specified in the structure.

Each element in the `pDescriptorCopies` array is a VkCopyDescriptorSet structure describing an operation copying descriptors between sets.

If the `dstSet` member of any element of `pDescriptorWrites` or `pDescriptorCopies` is bound, accessed, or modified by any command that was recorded to a command buffer which is currently in the recording or executable state, and any of the descriptor bindings that are updated were not created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT` bits set, that command buffer becomes invalid.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-pDescriptorWrites-06236
  For each element i where `pDescriptorWrites`[i].`descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`, elements of the `pTexelBufferView` member of `pDescriptorWrites`[i] must have been created on `device`

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-pDescriptorWrites-06237
  For each element i where `pDescriptorWrites`[i].`descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, the `buffer` member of any element of the `pBufferInfo` member of `pDescriptorWrites`[i] must have been created on `device`

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-pDescriptorWrites-06238
  For each element i where `pDescriptorWrites`[i].`descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, and `dstSet` was not allocated with a layout that included immutable samplers for `dstBinding` with `descriptorType`, the `sampler` member of any element of the `pImageInfo` member of `pDescriptorWrites`[i] must have been created on `device`

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-pDescriptorWrites-06239
  For each element i where `pDescriptorWrites`[i].`descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` the `imageView` member of any element of `pDescriptorWrites`[i] must have been created on `device`

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-pDescriptorWrites-06493
  For each element i where `pDescriptorWrites`[i].`descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`, `pDescriptorWrites`[i].`pImageInfo` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pDescriptorWrites`[i].`descriptorCount` valid `VkDescriptorImageInfo` structures

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-None-03047
  Descriptor bindings updated by this command which were created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT` bits set must not be used by any command that was recorded to a command buffer which is in the pending state

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-pDescriptorWrites-parameter
  If `descriptorWriteCount` is not `0`, `pDescriptorWrites` must be a valid pointer to an array of `descriptorWriteCount` valid VkWriteDescriptorSet structures

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSets-pDescriptorCopies-parameter
  If `descriptorCopyCount` is not `0`, `pDescriptorCopies` must be a valid pointer to an array of `descriptorCopyCount` valid VkCopyDescriptorSet structures

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `pDescriptorWrites`[].dstSet must be externally synchronized

- Host access to `pDescriptorCopies`[].dstSet must be externally synchronized

The `VkWriteDescriptorSet` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkWriteDescriptorSet {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        const void*                      pNext;
        VkDescriptorSet                  dstSet;
        uint32_t                         dstBinding;
        uint32_t                         dstArrayElement;
        uint32_t                         descriptorCount;
        VkDescriptorType                 descriptorType;
        const VkDescriptorImageInfo*     pImageInfo;
        const VkDescriptorBufferInfo*    pBufferInfo;
        const VkBufferView*              pTexelBufferView;
    } VkWriteDescriptorSet;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `dstSet` is the destination descriptor set to update.

- `dstBinding` is the descriptor binding within that set.

- `dstArrayElement` is the starting element in that array. If the descriptor binding identified by `dstSet` and `dstBinding` has a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `dstArrayElement` specifies the starting byte offset within the binding.

- `descriptorCount` is the number of descriptors to update. If the descriptor binding identified by `dstSet` and `dstBinding` has a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, then `descriptorCount` specifies the number of bytes to update. Otherwise, `descriptorCount` is one of

  - the number of elements in `pImageInfo`

  - the number of elements in `pBufferInfo`

  - the number of elements in `pTexelBufferView`

  - a value matching the `dataSize` member of a VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock structure in the `pNext` chain

- `descriptorType` is a VkDescriptorType specifying the type of each descriptor in `pImageInfo`, `pBufferInfo`, or `pTexelBufferView`, as described below. It must be the same type as the `descriptorType` specified in `VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding` for `dstSet` at `dstBinding`. The type of the descriptor also controls which array the descriptors are taken from.

- `pImageInfo` is a pointer to an array of VkDescriptorImageInfo structures or is ignored, as described below.

- `pBufferInfo` is a pointer to an array of VkDescriptorBufferInfo structures or is ignored, as described below.

- `pTexelBufferView` is a pointer to an array of VkBufferView handles as described in the Buffer Views section or is ignored, as described below.

Only one of `pImageInfo`, `pBufferInfo`, or `pTexelBufferView` members is used according to the descriptor type specified in the `descriptorType` member of the containing `VkWriteDescriptorSet` structure, or none of them in case `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, in which case the source data for the descriptor writes is taken from the VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock structure included in the `pNext` chain of `VkWriteDescriptorSet`, as specified below.

If the `dstBinding` has fewer than `descriptorCount` array elements remaining starting from `dstArrayElement`, then the remainder will be used to update the subsequent binding - `dstBinding`+1 starting at array element zero. If a binding has a `descriptorCount` of zero, it is skipped. This behavior applies recursively, with the update affecting consecutive bindings as needed to update all `descriptorCount` descriptors. Consecutive bindings must have identical VkDescriptorType, VkShaderStageFlags, VkDescriptorBindingFlagBits, and immutable samplers references.

| Note The same behavior applies to bindings with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` where `descriptorCount` specifies the number of bytes to update while `dstArrayElement` specifies the starting byte offset, thus in this case if the `dstBinding` has a smaller byte size than the sum of `dstArrayElement` and `descriptorCount`, then the remainder will be used to update the subsequent binding - `dstBinding`+1 starting at offset zero. This falls out as a special case of the above rule.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-dstBinding-00315
  `dstBinding` must be less than or equal to the maximum value of `binding` of all VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding structures specified when `dstSet`’s descriptor set layout was created

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-dstBinding-00316
  `dstBinding` must be a binding with a non-zero `descriptorCount`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorCount-00317
  All consecutive bindings updated via a single `VkWriteDescriptorSet` structure, except those with a `descriptorCount` of zero, must have identical `descriptorType` and `stageFlags`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorCount-00318
  All consecutive bindings updated via a single `VkWriteDescriptorSet` structure, except those with a `descriptorCount` of zero, must all either use immutable samplers or must all not use immutable samplers

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00319
  `descriptorType` must match the type of `dstBinding` within `dstSet`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-dstSet-00320
  `dstSet` must be a valid VkDescriptorSet handle

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-dstArrayElement-00321
  The sum of `dstArrayElement` and `descriptorCount` must be less than or equal to the number of array elements in the descriptor set binding specified by `dstBinding`, and all applicable consecutive bindings, as described by consecutive binding updates

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02219
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, `dstArrayElement` must be an integer multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02220
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, `descriptorCount` must be an integer multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02994
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`, each element of `pTexelBufferView` must be either a valid `VkBufferView` handle or VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02995
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` and the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, each element of `pTexelBufferView` must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00324
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, `pBufferInfo` must be a valid pointer to an array of `descriptorCount` valid `VkDescriptorBufferInfo` structures

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00325
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, and `dstSet` was not allocated with a layout that included immutable samplers for `dstBinding` with `descriptorType`, the `sampler` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must be a valid `VkSampler` object

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02996
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`, the `imageView` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must be either a valid `VkImageView` handle or VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02997
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` and the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, the `imageView` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02221
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, the `pNext` chain must include a VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock structure whose `dataSize` member equals `descriptorCount`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00327
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, the `offset` member of each element of `pBufferInfo` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00328
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, the `offset` member of each element of `pBufferInfo` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00329
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, and the `buffer` member of any element of `pBufferInfo` is the handle of a non-sparse buffer, then that buffer must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00330
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, the `buffer` member of each element of `pBufferInfo` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT` set

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00331
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, the `buffer` member of each element of `pBufferInfo` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT` set

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00332
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, the `range` member of each element of `pBufferInfo`, or the effective range if `range` is `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxUniformBufferRange`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00333
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, the `range` member of each element of `pBufferInfo`, or the effective range if `range` is `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxStorageBufferRange`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00334
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER`, the `VkBuffer` that each element of `pTexelBufferView` was created from must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` set

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00335
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`, the `VkBuffer` that each element of `pTexelBufferView` was created from must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` set

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00336
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`, the `imageView` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must have been created with the identity swizzle

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00337
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, the `imageView` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT` set

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-04149
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` the `imageLayout` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must be a member of the list given in Sampled Image

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-04150
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` the `imageLayout` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must be a member of the list given in Combined Image Sampler

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-04151
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` the `imageLayout` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must be a member of the list given in Input Attachment

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-04152
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE` the `imageLayout` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must be a member of the list given in Storage Image

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00338
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`, the `imageView` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT` set

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-00339
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, the `imageView` member of each element of `pImageInfo` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT` set

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-02752
  If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`, then `dstSet` must not have been allocated with a layout that included immutable samplers for `dstBinding`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorType-parameter
  `descriptorType` must be a valid VkDescriptorType value

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-descriptorCount-arraylength
  `descriptorCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSet-commonparent
  Both of `dstSet`, and the elements of `pTexelBufferView` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The type of descriptors in a descriptor set is specified by VkWriteDescriptorSet::`descriptorType`, which must be one of the values:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkDescriptorType {
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER = 0,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER = 1,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE = 2,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE = 3,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER = 4,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER = 5,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER = 6,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER = 7,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC = 8,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC = 9,
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT = 10,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK = 1000138000,
    } VkDescriptorType;

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` specifies a sampler descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` specifies a combined image sampler descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` specifies a sampled image descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE` specifies a storage image descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` specifies a uniform texel buffer descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` specifies a storage texel buffer descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` specifies a uniform buffer descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` specifies a storage buffer descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` specifies a dynamic uniform buffer descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` specifies a dynamic storage buffer descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` specifies an input attachment descriptor.

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` specifies an inline uniform block.

When a descriptor set is updated via elements of VkWriteDescriptorSet, members of `pImageInfo`, `pBufferInfo` and `pTexelBufferView` are only accessed by the implementation when they correspond to descriptor type being defined - otherwise they are ignored. The members accessed are as follows for each descriptor type:

- For `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`, only the `sampler` member of each element of VkWriteDescriptorSet::`pImageInfo` is accessed.

- For `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`, only the `imageView` and `imageLayout` members of each element of VkWriteDescriptorSet::`pImageInfo` are accessed.

- For `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, all members of each element of VkWriteDescriptorSet::`pImageInfo` are accessed.

- For `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, all members of each element of VkWriteDescriptorSet::`pBufferInfo` are accessed.

- For `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`, each element of VkWriteDescriptorSet::`pTexelBufferView` is accessed.

When updating descriptors with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, none of the `pImageInfo`, `pBufferInfo`, or `pTexelBufferView` members are accessed, instead the source data of the descriptor update operation is taken from the VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock structure in the `pNext` chain of `VkWriteDescriptorSet`.

The `VkDescriptorBufferInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDescriptorBufferInfo {
        VkBuffer        buffer;
        VkDeviceSize    offset;
        VkDeviceSize    range;
    } VkDescriptorBufferInfo;

- `buffer` is the buffer resource.

- `offset` is the offset in bytes from the start of `buffer`. Access to buffer memory via this descriptor uses addressing that is relative to this starting offset.

- `range` is the size in bytes that is used for this descriptor update, or `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` to use the range from `offset` to the end of the buffer.

| Note When setting `range` to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, the effective range must not be larger than the maximum range for the descriptor type (`maxUniformBufferRange` or `maxStorageBufferRange`). This means that `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` is not typically useful in the common case where uniform buffer descriptors are suballocated from a buffer that is much larger than `maxUniformBufferRange`.

For `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` descriptor types, `offset` is the base offset from which the dynamic offset is applied and `range` is the static size used for all dynamic offsets.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorBufferInfo-offset-00340
  `offset` must be less than the size of `buffer`

- VUID-VkDescriptorBufferInfo-range-00341
  If `range` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `range` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkDescriptorBufferInfo-range-00342
  If `range` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `range` must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer` minus `offset`

- VUID-VkDescriptorBufferInfo-buffer-02998
  If the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, `buffer` must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorBufferInfo-buffer-parameter
  If `buffer` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

The `VkDescriptorImageInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDescriptorImageInfo {
        VkSampler        sampler;
        VkImageView      imageView;
        VkImageLayout    imageLayout;
    } VkDescriptorImageInfo;

- `sampler` is a sampler handle, and is used in descriptor updates for types `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` if the binding being updated does not use immutable samplers.

- `imageView` is an image view handle, and is used in descriptor updates for types `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`.

- `imageLayout` is the layout that the image subresources accessible from `imageView` will be in at the time this descriptor is accessed. `imageLayout` is used in descriptor updates for types `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, and `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`.

Members of `VkDescriptorImageInfo` that are not used in an update (as described above) are ignored.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-imageView-00343
  `imageView` must not be 2D or 2D array image view created from a 3D image

- VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-imageView-01976
  If `imageView` is created from a depth/stencil image, the `aspectMask` used to create the `imageView` must include either `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` but not both

- VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-imageLayout-00344
  `imageLayout` must match the actual VkImageLayout of each subresource accessible from `imageView` at the time this descriptor is accessed as defined by the image layout matching rules

- VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-sampler-01564
  If `sampler` is used and the VkFormat of the image is a multi-planar format, the image must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT`, and the `aspectMask` of the `imageView` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` or (for three-plane formats only) `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorImageInfo-commonparent
  Both of `imageView`, and `sampler` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

If the `descriptorType` member of VkWriteDescriptorSet is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then the data to write to the descriptor set is specified through a `VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock` structure included in the `pNext` chain of `VkWriteDescriptorSet`.

The `VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           dataSize;
        const void*        pData;
    } VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `dataSize` is the number of bytes of inline uniform block data pointed to by `pData`.

- `pData` is a pointer to `dataSize` number of bytes of data to write to the inline uniform block.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock-dataSize-02222
  `dataSize` must be an integer multiple of `4`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock-pData-parameter
  `pData` must be a valid pointer to an array of `dataSize` bytes

- VUID-VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock-dataSize-arraylength
  `dataSize` must be greater than `0`

The `VkCopyDescriptorSet` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkCopyDescriptorSet {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkDescriptorSet    srcSet;
        uint32_t           srcBinding;
        uint32_t           srcArrayElement;
        VkDescriptorSet    dstSet;
        uint32_t           dstBinding;
        uint32_t           dstArrayElement;
        uint32_t           descriptorCount;
    } VkCopyDescriptorSet;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcSet`, `srcBinding`, and `srcArrayElement` are the source set, binding, and array element, respectively. If the descriptor binding identified by `srcSet` and `srcBinding` has a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `srcArrayElement` specifies the starting byte offset within the binding to copy from.

- `dstSet`, `dstBinding`, and `dstArrayElement` are the destination set, binding, and array element, respectively. If the descriptor binding identified by `dstSet` and `dstBinding` has a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `dstArrayElement` specifies the starting byte offset within the binding to copy to.

- `descriptorCount` is the number of descriptors to copy from the source to destination. If `descriptorCount` is greater than the number of remaining array elements in the source or destination binding, those affect consecutive bindings in a manner similar to VkWriteDescriptorSet above. If the descriptor binding identified by `srcSet` and `srcBinding` has a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `descriptorCount` specifies the number of bytes to copy and the remaining array elements in the source or destination binding refer to the remaining number of bytes in those.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcBinding-00345
  `srcBinding` must be a valid binding within `srcSet`

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcArrayElement-00346
  The sum of `srcArrayElement` and `descriptorCount` must be less than or equal to the number of array elements in the descriptor set binding specified by `srcBinding`, and all applicable consecutive bindings, as described by consecutive binding updates

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstBinding-00347
  `dstBinding` must be a valid binding within `dstSet`

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstArrayElement-00348
  The sum of `dstArrayElement` and `descriptorCount` must be less than or equal to the number of array elements in the descriptor set binding specified by `dstBinding`, and all applicable consecutive bindings, as described by consecutive binding updates

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstBinding-02632
  The type of `dstBinding` within `dstSet` must be equal to the type of `srcBinding` within `srcSet`

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-00349
  If `srcSet` is equal to `dstSet`, then the source and destination ranges of descriptors must not overlap, where the ranges may include array elements from consecutive bindings as described by consecutive binding updates

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcBinding-02223
  If the descriptor type of the descriptor set binding specified by `srcBinding` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, `srcArrayElement` must be an integer multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstBinding-02224
  If the descriptor type of the descriptor set binding specified by `dstBinding` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, `dstArrayElement` must be an integer multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcBinding-02225
  If the descriptor type of the descriptor set binding specified by either `srcBinding` or `dstBinding` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, `descriptorCount` must be an integer multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-01918
  If `srcSet`’s layout was created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` flag set, then `dstSet`’s layout must also have been created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` flag set

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-04886
  If `srcSet`’s layout was created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` flag set, then `dstSet`’s layout must also have been created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` flag set

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-01920
  If the descriptor pool from which `srcSet` was allocated was created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` flag set, then the descriptor pool from which `dstSet` was allocated must also have been created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` flag set

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-04888
  If the descriptor pool from which `srcSet` was allocated was created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` flag set, then the descriptor pool from which `dstSet` was allocated must also have been created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` flag set

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstBinding-02753
  If the descriptor type of the descriptor set binding specified by `dstBinding` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`, then `dstSet` must not have been allocated with a layout that included immutable samplers for `dstBinding`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_DESCRIPTOR_SET`

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-srcSet-parameter
  `srcSet` must be a valid VkDescriptorSet handle

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-dstSet-parameter
  `dstSet` must be a valid VkDescriptorSet handle

- VUID-VkCopyDescriptorSet-commonparent
  Both of `dstSet`, and `srcSet` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

#### 14.2.5. Descriptor Update Templates

A descriptor update template specifies a mapping from descriptor update information in host memory to descriptors in a descriptor set. It is designed to avoid passing redundant information to the driver when frequently updating the same set of descriptors in descriptor sets.

Descriptor update template objects are represented by `VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate)

#### 14.2.6. Descriptor Set Updates with Templates

Updating a large `VkDescriptorSet` array can be an expensive operation since an application must specify one VkWriteDescriptorSet structure for each descriptor or descriptor array to update, each of which re-specifies the same state when updating the same descriptor in multiple descriptor sets. For cases when an application wishes to update the same set of descriptors in multiple descriptor sets allocated using the same `VkDescriptorSetLayout`, vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate can be used as a replacement for vkUpdateDescriptorSets.

`VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate` allows implementations to convert a set of descriptor update operations on a single descriptor set to an internal format that, in conjunction with vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate , can be more efficient compared to calling vkUpdateDescriptorSets . The descriptors themselves are not specified in the `VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate`, rather, offsets into an application provided pointer to host memory are specified, which are combined with a pointer passed to vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate . This allows large batches of updates to be executed without having to convert application data structures into a strictly-defined Vulkan data structure.

To create a descriptor update template, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VkResult vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplate(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo* pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate*                 pDescriptorUpdateTemplate);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the descriptor update template.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo structure specifying the set of descriptors to update with a single call to vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pDescriptorUpdateTemplate` is a pointer to a `VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate` handle in which the resulting descriptor update template object is returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplate-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplate-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplate-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplate-pDescriptorUpdateTemplate-parameter
  `pDescriptorUpdateTemplate` must be a valid pointer to a VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                           sType;
        const void*                               pNext;
        VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateFlags     flags;
        uint32_t                                  descriptorUpdateEntryCount;
        const VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry*    pDescriptorUpdateEntries;
        VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateType            templateType;
        VkDescriptorSetLayout                     descriptorSetLayout;
        VkPipelineBindPoint                       pipelineBindPoint;
        VkPipelineLayout                          pipelineLayout;
        uint32_t                                  set;
    } VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `descriptorUpdateEntryCount` is the number of elements in the `pDescriptorUpdateEntries` array.

- `pDescriptorUpdateEntries` is a pointer to an array of VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry structures describing the descriptors to be updated by the descriptor update template.

- `templateType` Specifies the type of the descriptor update template. If set to `VK_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET` it can only be used to update descriptor sets with a fixed `descriptorSetLayout`.

- `descriptorSetLayout` is the descriptor set layout used to build the descriptor update template. All descriptor sets which are going to be updated through the newly created descriptor update template must be created with a layout that matches (is the same as, or defined identically to) this layout. This parameter is ignored if `templateType` is not `VK_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET`.

- `pipelineBindPoint` is reserved for future use and is ignored

- `pipelineLayout` is reserved for future use and is ignored

- `set` is reserved for future use and is ignored

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo-templateType-00350
  If `templateType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET`, `descriptorSetLayout` must be a valid `VkDescriptorSetLayout` handle

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo-pDescriptorUpdateEntries-parameter
  `pDescriptorUpdateEntries` must be a valid pointer to an array of `descriptorUpdateEntryCount` valid VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry structures

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo-templateType-parameter
  `templateType` must be a valid VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateType value

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo-descriptorUpdateEntryCount-arraylength
  `descriptorUpdateEntryCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo-commonparent
  Both of `descriptorSetLayout`, and `pipelineLayout` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateFlags;

`VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The descriptor update template type is determined by the VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo::`templateType` property, which takes the following values:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateType {
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET = 0,
    } VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateType;

- `VK_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET` specifies that the descriptor update template will be used for descriptor set updates only.

The `VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry {
        uint32_t            dstBinding;
        uint32_t            dstArrayElement;
        uint32_t            descriptorCount;
        VkDescriptorType    descriptorType;
        size_t              offset;
        size_t              stride;
    } VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry;

- `dstBinding` is the descriptor binding to update when using this descriptor update template.

- `dstArrayElement` is the starting element in the array belonging to `dstBinding`. If the descriptor binding identified by `dstBinding` has a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `dstArrayElement` specifies the starting byte offset to update.

- `descriptorCount` is the number of descriptors to update. If `descriptorCount` is greater than the number of remaining array elements in the destination binding, those affect consecutive bindings in a manner similar to VkWriteDescriptorSet above. If the descriptor binding identified by `dstBinding` has a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then `descriptorCount` specifies the number of bytes to update and the remaining array elements in the destination binding refer to the remaining number of bytes in it.

- `descriptorType` is a VkDescriptorType specifying the type of the descriptor.

- `offset` is the offset in bytes of the first binding in the raw data structure.

- `stride` is the stride in bytes between two consecutive array elements of the descriptor update informations in the raw data structure. The actual pointer ptr for each array element j of update entry i is computed using the following formula:

          const char *ptr = (const char *)pData + pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].offset + j * pDescriptorUpdateEntries[i].stride

  The stride is useful in case the bindings are stored in structs along with other data. If `descriptorType` is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` then the value of `stride` is ignored and the stride is assumed to be `1`, i.e. the descriptor update information for them is always specified as a contiguous range.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry-dstBinding-00354
  `dstBinding` must be a valid binding in the descriptor set layout implicitly specified when using a descriptor update template to update descriptors

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry-dstArrayElement-00355
  `dstArrayElement` and `descriptorCount` must be less than or equal to the number of array elements in the descriptor set binding implicitly specified when using a descriptor update template to update descriptors, and all applicable consecutive bindings, as described by consecutive binding updates

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry-descriptor-02226
  If `descriptor` type is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, `dstArrayElement` must be an integer multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry-descriptor-02227
  If `descriptor` type is `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`, `descriptorCount` must be an integer multiple of `4`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry-descriptorType-parameter
  `descriptorType` must be a valid VkDescriptorType value

To destroy a descriptor update template, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplate(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate                  descriptorUpdateTemplate,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that has been used to create the descriptor update template

- `descriptorUpdateTemplate` is the descriptor update template to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplate-descriptorSetLayout-00356
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `descriptorUpdateTemplate` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplate-descriptorSetLayout-00357
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `descriptorUpdateTemplate` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplate-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplate-descriptorUpdateTemplate-parameter
  If `descriptorUpdateTemplate` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `descriptorUpdateTemplate` must be a valid VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate handle

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplate-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplate-descriptorUpdateTemplate-parent
  If `descriptorUpdateTemplate` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `descriptorUpdateTemplate` must be externally synchronized

Once a `VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate` has been created, descriptor sets can be updated by calling:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkDescriptorSet                             descriptorSet,
        VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate                  descriptorUpdateTemplate,
        const void*                                 pData);

- `device` is the logical device that updates the descriptor set.

- `descriptorSet` is the descriptor set to update

- `descriptorUpdateTemplate` is a VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate object specifying the update mapping between `pData` and the descriptor set to update.

- `pData` is a pointer to memory containing one or more VkDescriptorImageInfo, VkDescriptorBufferInfo, or VkBufferView structures used to write the descriptors.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate-pData-01685
  `pData` must be a valid pointer to a memory containing one or more valid instances of VkDescriptorImageInfo, VkDescriptorBufferInfo, or VkBufferView in a layout defined by `descriptorUpdateTemplate` when it was created with vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplate

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate-descriptorSet-parameter
  `descriptorSet` must be a valid VkDescriptorSet handle

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate-descriptorUpdateTemplate-parameter
  `descriptorUpdateTemplate` must be a valid VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate handle

- VUID-vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate-descriptorUpdateTemplate-parent
  `descriptorUpdateTemplate` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `descriptorSet` must be externally synchronized

API example

    struct AppBufferView {
        VkBufferView bufferView;
        uint32_t     applicationRelatedInformation;
    };

    struct AppDataStructure
    {
        VkDescriptorImageInfo  imageInfo;          // a single image info
        VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfoArray[3]; // 3 buffer infos in an array
        AppBufferView          bufferView[2];      // An application defined structure containing a bufferView
        // ... some more application related data
    };

    const VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry descriptorUpdateTemplateEntries[] =
    {
        // binding to a single image descriptor
        {
            0,                                           // binding
            0,                                           // dstArrayElement
            1,                                           // descriptorCount
            VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER,   // descriptorType
            offsetof(AppDataStructure, imageInfo),       // offset
            0                                            // stride is not required if descriptorCount is 1
        },

        // binding to an array of buffer descriptors
        {
            1,                                           // binding
            0,                                           // dstArrayElement
            3,                                           // descriptorCount
            VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,           // descriptorType
            offsetof(AppDataStructure, bufferInfoArray), // offset
            sizeof(VkDescriptorBufferInfo)               // stride, descriptor buffer infos are compact
        },

        // binding to an array of buffer views
        {
            2,                                           // binding
            0,                                           // dstArrayElement
            2,                                           // descriptorCount
            VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER,     // descriptorType
            offsetof(AppDataStructure, bufferView) +
              offsetof(AppBufferView, bufferView),       // offset
            sizeof(AppBufferView)                        // stride, bufferViews do not have to be compact
        },
    };

    // create a descriptor update template for descriptor set updates
    const VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo createInfo =
    {
        VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_CREATE_INFO,  // sType
        NULL,                                                      // pNext
        0,                                                         // flags
        3,                                                         // descriptorUpdateEntryCount
        descriptorUpdateTemplateEntries,                           // pDescriptorUpdateEntries
        VK_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,         // templateType
        myLayout,                                                  // descriptorSetLayout
        0,                                                         // pipelineBindPoint, ignored by given templateType
        0,                                                         // pipelineLayout, ignored by given templateType
        0,                                                         // set, ignored by given templateType
    };

    VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate myDescriptorUpdateTemplate;
    myResult = vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplate(
        myDevice,
        &createInfo,
        NULL,
        &myDescriptorUpdateTemplate);

    AppDataStructure appData;

    // fill appData here or cache it in your engine
    vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate(myDevice, myDescriptorSet, myDescriptorUpdateTemplate, &appData);

#### 14.2.7. Descriptor Set Binding

To bind one or more descriptor sets to a command buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkPipelineBindPoint                         pipelineBindPoint,
        VkPipelineLayout                            layout,
        uint32_t                                    firstSet,
        uint32_t                                    descriptorSetCount,
        const VkDescriptorSet*                      pDescriptorSets,
        uint32_t                                    dynamicOffsetCount,
        const uint32_t*                             pDynamicOffsets);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer that the descriptor sets will be bound to.

- `pipelineBindPoint` is a VkPipelineBindPoint indicating the type of the pipeline that will use the descriptors. There is a separate set of bind points for each pipeline type, so binding one does not disturb the others.

- `layout` is a VkPipelineLayout object used to program the bindings.

- `firstSet` is the set number of the first descriptor set to be bound.

- `descriptorSetCount` is the number of elements in the `pDescriptorSets` array.

- `pDescriptorSets` is a pointer to an array of handles to VkDescriptorSet objects describing the descriptor sets to bind to.

- `dynamicOffsetCount` is the number of dynamic offsets in the `pDynamicOffsets` array.

- `pDynamicOffsets` is a pointer to an array of `uint32_t` values specifying dynamic offsets.

`vkCmdBindDescriptorSets` binds descriptor sets `pDescriptorSets`[0..`descriptorSetCount`-1] to set numbers [`firstSet`..`firstSet`+`descriptorSetCount`-1] for subsequent bound pipeline commands set by `pipelineBindPoint`. Any bindings that were previously applied via these sets are no longer valid.

Once bound, a descriptor set affects rendering of subsequent commands that interact with the given pipeline type in the command buffer until either a different set is bound to the same set number, or the set is disturbed as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility.

A compatible descriptor set must be bound for all set numbers that any shaders in a pipeline access, at the time that a drawing or dispatching command is recorded to execute using that pipeline. However, if none of the shaders in a pipeline statically use any bindings with a particular set number, then no descriptor set need be bound for that set number, even if the pipeline layout includes a non-trivial descriptor set layout for that set number.

If any of the sets being bound include dynamic uniform or storage buffers, then `pDynamicOffsets` includes one element for each array element in each dynamic descriptor type binding in each set. Values are taken from `pDynamicOffsets` in an order such that all entries for set N come before set N+1; within a set, entries are ordered by the binding numbers in the descriptor set layouts; and within a binding array, elements are in order. `dynamicOffsetCount` must equal the total number of dynamic descriptors in the sets being bound.

The effective offset used for dynamic uniform and storage buffer bindings is the sum of the relative offset taken from `pDynamicOffsets`, and the base address of the buffer plus base offset in the descriptor set. The range of the dynamic uniform and storage buffer bindings is the buffer range as specified in the descriptor set.

Each of the `pDescriptorSets` must be compatible with the pipeline layout specified by `layout`. The layout used to program the bindings must also be compatible with the pipeline used in subsequent bound pipeline commands with that pipeline type, as defined in the Pipeline Layout Compatibility section.

The descriptor set contents bound by a call to `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets` may be consumed at the following times:

- For descriptor bindings created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` bit set, the contents may be consumed when the command buffer is submitted to a queue, or during shader execution of the resulting draws and dispatches, or any time in between. Otherwise,

- during host execution of the command, or during shader execution of the resulting draws and dispatches, or any time in between.

Thus, the contents of a descriptor set binding must not be altered (overwritten by an update command, or freed) between the first point in time that it may be consumed, and when the command completes executing on the queue.

The contents of `pDynamicOffsets` are consumed immediately during execution of `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets`. Once all pending uses have completed, it is legal to update and reuse a descriptor set.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-00358
  Each element of `pDescriptorSets` must have been allocated with a `VkDescriptorSetLayout` that matches (is the same as, or identically defined as) the `VkDescriptorSetLayout` at set n in `layout`, where n is the sum of `firstSet` and the index into `pDescriptorSets`

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-dynamicOffsetCount-00359
  `dynamicOffsetCount` must be equal to the total number of dynamic descriptors in `pDescriptorSets`

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-firstSet-00360
  The sum of `firstSet` and `descriptorSetCount` must be less than or equal to VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo::`setLayoutCount` provided when `layout` was created

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pipelineBindPoint-00361
  `pipelineBindPoint` must be supported by the `commandBuffer`’s parent `VkCommandPool`’s queue family

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDynamicOffsets-01971
  Each element of `pDynamicOffsets` which corresponds to a descriptor binding with type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDynamicOffsets-01972
  Each element of `pDynamicOffsets` which corresponds to a descriptor binding with type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` must be a multiple of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment`

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-01979
  For each dynamic uniform or storage buffer binding in `pDescriptorSets`, the sum of the effective offset, as defined above, and the range of the binding must be less than or equal to the size of the buffer

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pipelineBindPoint-parameter
  `pipelineBindPoint` must be a valid VkPipelineBindPoint value

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-layout-parameter
  `layout` must be a valid VkPipelineLayout handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDescriptorSets-parameter
  `pDescriptorSets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `descriptorSetCount` valid VkDescriptorSet handles

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-pDynamicOffsets-parameter
  If `dynamicOffsetCount` is not `0`, `pDynamicOffsets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `dynamicOffsetCount` `uint32_t` values

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-descriptorSetCount-arraylength
  `descriptorSetCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdBindDescriptorSets-commonparent
  Each of `commandBuffer`, `layout`, and the elements of `pDescriptorSets` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics Compute

#### 14.2.8. Push Constant Updates

As described above in section Pipeline Layouts, the pipeline layout defines shader push constants which are updated via Vulkan commands rather than via writes to memory or copy commands.

| Note Push constants represent a high speed path to modify constant data in pipelines that is expected to outperform memory-backed resource updates.

To update push constants, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdPushConstants(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkPipelineLayout                            layout,
        VkShaderStageFlags                          stageFlags,
        uint32_t                                    offset,
        uint32_t                                    size,
        const void*                                 pValues);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer in which the push constant update will be recorded.

- `layout` is the pipeline layout used to program the push constant updates.

- `stageFlags` is a bitmask of VkShaderStageFlagBits specifying the shader stages that will use the push constants in the updated range.

- `offset` is the start offset of the push constant range to update, in units of bytes.

- `size` is the size of the push constant range to update, in units of bytes.

- `pValues` is a pointer to an array of `size` bytes containing the new push constant values.

When a command buffer begins recording, all push constant values are undefined. Reads of undefined push constant values by the executing shader return undefined values.

Push constant values can be updated incrementally, causing shader stages in `stageFlags` to read the new data from `pValues` for push constants modified by this command, while still reading the previous data for push constants not modified by this command. When a bound pipeline command is issued, the bound pipeline’s layout must be compatible with the layouts used to set the values of all push constants in the pipeline layout’s push constant ranges, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility. Binding a pipeline with a layout that is not compatible with the push constant layout does not disturb the push constant values.

| Note As `stageFlags` needs to include all flags the relevant push constant ranges were created with, any flags that are not supported by the queue family that the VkCommandPool used to allocate `commandBuffer` was created on are ignored.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-offset-01795
  For each byte in the range specified by `offset` and `size` and for each shader stage in `stageFlags`, there must be a push constant range in `layout` that includes that byte and that stage

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-offset-01796
  For each byte in the range specified by `offset` and `size` and for each push constant range that overlaps that byte, `stageFlags` must include all stages in that push constant range’s VkPushConstantRange::`stageFlags`

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-offset-00368
  `offset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-size-00369
  `size` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-offset-00370
  `offset` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPushConstantsSize`

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-size-00371
  `size` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxPushConstantsSize` minus `offset`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-layout-parameter
  `layout` must be a valid VkPipelineLayout handle

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-stageFlags-parameter
  `stageFlags` must be a valid combination of VkShaderStageFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-stageFlags-requiredbitmask
  `stageFlags` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-pValues-parameter
  `pValues` must be a valid pointer to an array of `size` bytes

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-size-arraylength
  `size` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdPushConstants-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `layout` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics Compute

### 14.3. Physical Storage Buffer Access

To query a 64-bit buffer device address value through which buffer memory can be accessed in a shader, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    VkDeviceAddress vkGetBufferDeviceAddress(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo*            pInfo);

- `device` is the logical device that the buffer was created on.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo structure specifying the buffer to retrieve an address for.

The 64-bit return value is an address of the start of `pInfo->buffer`. The address range starting at this value and whose size is the size of the buffer can be used in a shader to access the memory bound to that buffer, using the `SPV_KHR_physical_storage_buffer` extension and the `PhysicalStorageBuffer` storage class. For example, this value can be stored in a uniform buffer, and the shader can read the value from the uniform buffer and use it to do a dependent read/write to this buffer. A value of zero is reserved as a “null” pointer and must not be returned as a valid buffer device address. All loads, stores, and atomics in a shader through `PhysicalStorageBuffer` pointers must access addresses in the address range of some buffer.

If the buffer was created with a non-zero value of VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo::`opaqueCaptureAddress`, the return value will be the same address that was returned at capture time.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetBufferDeviceAddress-None-06542
  The bufferDeviceAddress feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkGetBufferDeviceAddress-device-06543
  If `device` was created with multiple physical devices, then the bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetBufferDeviceAddress-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetBufferDeviceAddress-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo structure

The `VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBuffer           buffer;
    } VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `buffer` specifies the buffer whose address is being queried.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo-buffer-02600
  If `buffer` is non-sparse and was not created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT` flag, then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo-buffer-02601
  `buffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO`

- VUID-VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

To query a 64-bit buffer opaque capture address, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    uint64_t vkGetBufferOpaqueCaptureAddress(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo*            pInfo);

- `device` is the logical device that the buffer was created on.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo structure specifying the buffer to retrieve an address for.

The 64-bit return value is an opaque capture address of the start of `pInfo->buffer`.

If the buffer was created with a non-zero value of VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo::`opaqueCaptureAddress` the return value must be the same address.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetBufferOpaqueCaptureAddress-None-03326
  The bufferDeviceAddress feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkGetBufferOpaqueCaptureAddress-device-03327
  If `device` was created with multiple physical devices, then the bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetBufferOpaqueCaptureAddress-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetBufferOpaqueCaptureAddress-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo structure

## 15. Shader Interfaces

When a pipeline is created, the set of shaders specified in the corresponding `Vk*PipelineCreateInfo` structure are implicitly linked at a number of different interfaces.

- Shader Input and Output Interface

- Vertex Input Interface

- Fragment Output Interface

- Fragment Input Attachment Interface

- Shader Resource Interface

Interface definitions make use of the following SPIR-V decorations:

- `DescriptorSet` and `Binding`

- `Location`, `Component`, and `Index`

- `Flat`, `NoPerspective`, `Centroid`, and `Sample`

- `Block` and `BufferBlock`

- `InputAttachmentIndex`

- `Offset`, `ArrayStride`, and `MatrixStride`

- `BuiltIn`

This specification describes valid uses for Vulkan of these decorations. Any other use of one of these decorations is invalid, with the exception that, when using SPIR-V versions 1.4 and earlier: `Block`, `BufferBlock`, `Offset`, `ArrayStride`, and `MatrixStride` can also decorate types and type members used by variables in the Private and Function storage classes.

| Note In this chapter, there are references to SPIR-V terms such as the `MeshNV` execution model. These terms will appear even in a build of the specification which does not support any extensions. This is as intended, since these terms appear in the unified SPIR-V specification without such qualifiers.

### 15.1. Shader Input and Output Interfaces

When multiple stages are present in a pipeline, the outputs of one stage form an interface with the inputs of the next stage. When such an interface involves a shader, shader outputs are matched against the inputs of the next stage, and shader inputs are matched against the outputs of the previous stage.

All the variables forming the shader input and output interfaces are listed as operands to the `OpEntryPoint` instruction and are declared with the `Input` or `Output` storage classes, respectively, in the SPIR-V module. These generally form the interfaces between consecutive shader stages, regardless of any non-shader stages between the consecutive shader stages.

There are two classes of variables that can be matched between shader stages, built-in variables and user-defined variables. Each class has a different set of matching criteria.

`Output` variables of a shader stage have undefined values until the shader writes to them or uses the `Initializer` operand when declaring the variable.

#### 15.1.1. Built-in Interface Block

Shader built-in variables meeting the following requirements define the built-in interface block. They must

- be explicitly declared (there are no implicit built-ins),

- be identified with a `BuiltIn` decoration,

- form object types as described in the Built-in Variables section, and

- be declared in a block whose top-level members are the built-ins.

There must be no more than one built-in interface block per shader per interface.

Built-ins must not have any `Location` or `Component` decorations.

#### 15.1.2. User-defined Variable Interface

The non-built-in variables listed by `OpEntryPoint` with the `Input` or `Output` storage class form the user-defined variable interface. These must have SPIR-V numerical types or, recursively, composite types of such types. By default, the components of such types have a width of 32 or 64 bits. If an implementation supports storageInputOutput16, components can also have a width of 16 bits. These variables must be identified with a `Location` decoration and can also be identified with a `Component` decoration.

#### 15.1.3. Interface Matching

An output variable, block, or structure member in a given shader stage has an interface match with an input variable, block, or structure member in a subsequent shader stage if they both adhere to the following conditions:

- They have equivalent decorations, other than:

  - Interpolation decorations

  - one is not decorated with `Component` and the other is declared with a `Component` of `0`

- Their types match as follows:

  - if the input is declared in a tessellation control or geometry shader as an `OpTypeArray` with an `Element` `Type` equivalent to the `OpType*` declaration of the output, and neither is a structure member; or

  - if the `maintenance4` feature is enabled, they are declared as `OpTypeVector` variables, and the output has a `Component` `Count` value higher than that of the input but the same `Component` `Type`; or

  - if in any other case they are declared with an equivalent `OpType*` declaration.

- If both are structures and every member has an interface match.

| Note The word "structure" above refers to both variables that have an `OpTypeStruct` type and interface blocks (which are also declared as `OpTypeStruct`).

All input variables and blocks must have an interface match in the preceding shader stage, except for built-in variables in fragment shaders. Shaders can declare and write to output variables that are not declared or read by the subsequent stage.

The value of an input variable is undefined if the preceding stage does not write to a matching output variable, as described above.

#### 15.1.4. Location Assignment

This section describes location assignments for user-defined variables and how many locations are consumed by a given user-variable type. As mentioned above, some inputs and outputs have an additional level of arrayness relative to other shader inputs and outputs. This outer array level is removed from the type before considering how many locations the type consumes.

The `Location` value specifies an interface slot comprised of a 32-bit four-component vector conveyed between stages. The `Component` specifies components within these vector locations. Only types with widths of 16, 32 or 64 are supported in shader interfaces.

Inputs and outputs of the following types consume a single interface location:

- 16-bit scalar and vector types, and

- 32-bit scalar and vector types, and

- 64-bit scalar and 2-component vector types.

64-bit three- and four-component vectors consume two consecutive locations.

If a declared input or output is an array of size n and each element takes m locations, it will be assigned m × n consecutive locations starting with the location specified.

If the declared input or output is an n × m 16-, 32- or 64-bit matrix, it will be assigned multiple locations starting with the location specified. The number of locations assigned for each matrix will be the same as for an n-element array of m-component vectors.

An `OpVariable` with a structure type that is not a block must be decorated with a `Location`.

When an `OpVariable` with a structure type (either block or non-block) is decorated with a `Location`, the members in the structure type must not be decorated with a `Location`. The `OpVariable`’s members are assigned consecutive locations in declaration order, starting from the first member, which is assigned the location decoration from the `OpVariable`.

When a block-type `OpVariable` is declared without a `Location` decoration, each member in its structure type must be decorated with a `Location`. Types nested deeper than the top-level members must not have `Location` decorations.

The locations consumed by block and structure members are determined by applying the rules above in a depth-first traversal of the instantiated members as though the structure or block member were declared as an input or output variable of the same type.

Any two inputs listed as operands on the same `OpEntryPoint` must not be assigned the same location, either explicitly or implicitly. Any two outputs listed as operands on the same `OpEntryPoint` must not be assigned the same location, either explicitly or implicitly.

The number of input and output locations available for a shader input or output interface are limited, and dependent on the shader stage as described in Shader Input and Output Locations. All variables in both the built-in interface block and the user-defined variable interface count against these limits. Each effective `Location` must have a value less than the number of locations available for the given interface, as specified in the "Locations Available" column in Shader Input and Output Locations.

Table 10. Shader Input and Output Locations
Shader Interface | Locations Available
--- | ---
vertex input | `maxVertexInputAttributes`
vertex output | `maxVertexOutputComponents` / 4
tessellation control input | `maxTessellationControlPerVertexInputComponents` / 4
tessellation control output | `maxTessellationControlPerVertexOutputComponents` / 4
tessellation evaluation input | `maxTessellationEvaluationInputComponents` / 4
tessellation evaluation output | `maxTessellationEvaluationOutputComponents` / 4
geometry input | `maxGeometryInputComponents` / 4
geometry output | `maxGeometryOutputComponents` / 4
fragment input | `maxFragmentInputComponents` / 4
fragment output | `maxFragmentOutputAttachments`

#### 15.1.5. Component Assignment

The `Component` decoration allows the `Location` to be more finely specified for scalars and vectors, down to the individual components within a location that are consumed. The components within a location are 0, 1, 2, and 3. A variable or block member starting at component N will consume components N, N+1, N+2, …​ up through its size. For 16-, and 32-bit types, it is invalid if this sequence of components gets larger than 3. A scalar 64-bit type will consume two of these components in sequence, and a two-component 64-bit vector type will consume all four components available within a location. A three- or four-component 64-bit vector type must not specify a `Component` decoration. A three-component 64-bit vector type will consume all four components of the first location and components 0 and 1 of the second location. This leaves components 2 and 3 available for other component-qualified declarations.

A scalar or two-component 64-bit data type must not specify a `Component` decoration of 1 or 3. A `Component` decoration must not be specified for any type that is not a scalar or vector.

### 15.2. Vertex Input Interface

When the vertex stage is present in a pipeline, the vertex shader input variables form an interface with the vertex input attributes. The vertex shader input variables are matched by the `Location` and `Component` decorations to the vertex input attributes specified in the `pVertexInputState` member of the VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo structure.

The vertex shader input variables listed by `OpEntryPoint` with the `Input` storage class form the vertex input interface. These variables must be identified with a `Location` decoration and can also be identified with a `Component` decoration.

For the purposes of interface matching: variables declared without a `Component` decoration are considered to have a `Component` decoration of zero. The number of available vertex input locations is given by the `maxVertexInputAttributes` member of the `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits` structure.

See Attribute Location and Component Assignment for details.

All vertex shader inputs declared as above must have a corresponding attribute and binding in the pipeline.

### 15.3. Fragment Output Interface

When the fragment stage is present in a pipeline, the fragment shader outputs form an interface with the output attachments defined by a render pass instance. The fragment shader output variables are matched by the `Location` and `Component` decorations to specified color attachments.

The fragment shader output variables listed by `OpEntryPoint` with the `Output` storage class form the fragment output interface. These variables must be identified with a `Location` decoration. They can also be identified with a `Component` decoration and/or an `Index` decoration. For the purposes of interface matching: variables declared without a `Component` decoration are considered to have a `Component` decoration of zero, and variables declared without an `Index` decoration are considered to have an `Index` decoration of zero.

A fragment shader output variable identified with a `Location` decoration of i is associated with the element of VkRenderingInfo::`pColorAttachments` with a `location` equal to i. When using render pass objects, it is associated with the color attachment indicated by `pColorAttachments`[i]. Values are written to those attachments after passing through the blending unit as described in Blending, if enabled. Locations are consumed as described in Location Assignment. The number of available fragment output locations is given by the `maxFragmentOutputAttachments` member of the `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits` structure.

Components of the output variables are assigned as described in Component Assignment. Output components identified as 0, 1, 2, and 3 will be directed to the R, G, B, and A inputs to the blending unit, respectively, or to the output attachment if blending is disabled. If two variables are placed within the same location, they must have the same underlying type (floating-point or integer). The input values to blending or color attachment writes are undefined for components which do not correspond to a fragment shader output.

Fragment outputs identified with an `Index` of zero are directed to the first input of the blending unit associated with the corresponding `Location`. Outputs identified with an `Index` of one are directed to the second input of the corresponding blending unit.

No component aliasing of output variables is allowed, that is there must not be two output variables which have the same location, component, and index, either explicitly declared or implied.

Output values written by a fragment shader must be declared with either `OpTypeFloat` or `OpTypeInt`, and a `Width` of 32. If `storageInputOutput16` is supported, output values written by a fragment shader can be also declared with either `OpTypeFloat` or `OpTypeInt` and a `Width` of 16. Composites of these types are also permitted. If the color attachment has a signed or unsigned normalized fixed-point format, color values are assumed to be floating-point and are converted to fixed-point as described in Conversion from Floating-Point to Normalized Fixed-Point; If the color attachment has an integer format, color values are assumed to be integers and converted to the bit-depth of the target. Any value that cannot be represented in the attachment’s format is undefined. For any other attachment format no conversion is performed. If the type of the values written by the fragment shader do not match the format of the corresponding color attachment, the resulting values are undefined for those components.

### 15.4. Fragment Input Attachment Interface

When a fragment stage is present in a pipeline, the fragment shader subpass inputs form an interface with the input attachments of the current subpass. The fragment shader subpass input variables are matched by `InputAttachmentIndex` decorations to the input attachments specified in the `pInputAttachments` array of the VkSubpassDescription structure describing the subpass that the fragment shader is executed in.

The fragment shader subpass input variables with the `UniformConstant` storage class and a decoration of `InputAttachmentIndex` that are statically used by `OpEntryPoint` form the fragment input attachment interface. These variables must be declared with a type of `OpTypeImage`, a `Dim` operand of `SubpassData`, an `Arrayed` operand of 0, and a `Sampled` operand of 2. The `MS` operand of the `OpTypeImage` must be 0 if the `samples` field of the corresponding VkAttachmentDescription is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` and 1 otherwise.

A subpass input variable identified with an `InputAttachmentIndex` decoration of i reads from the input attachment indicated by `pInputAttachments`[i] member of `VkSubpassDescription`. If the subpass input variable is declared as an array of size N, it consumes N consecutive input attachments, starting with the index specified. There must not be more than one input variable with the same `InputAttachmentIndex` whether explicitly declared or implied by an array declaration. The number of available input attachment indices is given by the `maxPerStageDescriptorInputAttachments` member of the `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits` structure.

Variables identified with the `InputAttachmentIndex` must only be used by a fragment stage. The basic data type (floating-point, integer, unsigned integer) of the subpass input must match the basic format of the corresponding input attachment, or the values of subpass loads from these variables are undefined.

See Input Attachment for more details.

### 15.5. Shader Resource Interface

When a shader stage accesses buffer or image resources, as described in the Resource Descriptors section, the shader resource variables must be matched with the pipeline layout that is provided at pipeline creation time.

The set of shader variables that form the shader resource interface for a stage are the variables statically used by that stage’s `OpEntryPoint` with a storage class of `Uniform`, `UniformConstant`, `StorageBuffer`, or `PushConstant`. For the fragment shader, this includes the fragment input attachment interface.

The shader resource interface consists of two sub-interfaces: the push constant interface and the descriptor set interface.

#### 15.5.1. Push Constant Interface

The shader variables defined with a storage class of `PushConstant` that are statically used by the shader entry points for the pipeline define the push constant interface. They must be:

- typed as `OpTypeStruct`,

- identified with a `Block` decoration, and

- laid out explicitly using the `Offset`, `ArrayStride`, and `MatrixStride` decorations as specified in Offset and Stride Assignment.

There must be no more than one push constant block statically used per shader entry point.

Each statically used member of a push constant block must be placed at an `Offset` such that the entire member is entirely contained within the VkPushConstantRange for each `OpEntryPoint` that uses it, and the `stageFlags` for that range must specify the appropriate VkShaderStageFlagBits for that stage. The `Offset` decoration for any member of a push constant block must not cause the space required for that member to extend outside the range [0, `maxPushConstantsSize`).

Any member of a push constant block that is declared as an array must only be accessed with dynamically uniform indices.

#### 15.5.2. Descriptor Set Interface

The descriptor set interface is comprised of the shader variables with the storage class of `StorageBuffer`, `Uniform` or `UniformConstant` (including the variables in the fragment input attachment interface) that are statically used by the shader entry points for the pipeline.

These variables must have `DescriptorSet` and `Binding` decorations specified, which are assigned and matched with the `VkDescriptorSetLayout` objects in the pipeline layout as described in DescriptorSet and Binding Assignment.

The `Image` `Format` of an `OpTypeImage` declaration must not be Unknown, for variables which are used for `OpImageRead`, `OpImageSparseRead`, or `OpImageWrite` operations, except under the following conditions:

- For `OpImageWrite`, if the image format is listed in the storage without format list and if the `shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat` feature is enabled and the shader module declares the `StorageImageWriteWithoutFormat` capability.

- For `OpImageWrite`, if the image format supports `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` and the shader module declares the `StorageImageWriteWithoutFormat` capability.

- For `OpImageRead` or `OpImageSparseRead`, if the image format is listed in the storage without format list and if the `shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat` feature is enabled and the shader module declares the `StorageImageReadWithoutFormat` capability.

- For `OpImageRead` or `OpImageSparseRead`, if the image format supports `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` and the shader module declares the `StorageImageReadWithoutFormat` capability.

- For `OpImageRead`, if `Dim` is `SubpassData` (indicating a read from an input attachment).

The `Image` `Format` of an `OpTypeImage` declaration must not be Unknown, for variables which are used for `OpAtomic*` operations.

Variables identified with the `Uniform` storage class are used to access transparent buffer backed resources. Such variables must be:

- typed as `OpTypeStruct`, or an array of this type,

- identified with a `Block` or `BufferBlock` decoration, and

- laid out explicitly using the `Offset`, `ArrayStride`, and `MatrixStride` decorations as specified in Offset and Stride Assignment.

Variables identified with the `StorageBuffer` storage class are used to access transparent buffer backed resources. Such variables must be:

- typed as `OpTypeStruct`, or an array of this type,

- identified with a `Block` decoration, and

- laid out explicitly using the `Offset`, `ArrayStride`, and `MatrixStride` decorations as specified in Offset and Stride Assignment.

The `Offset` decoration for any member of a `Block`-decorated variable in the `Uniform` storage class must not cause the space required for that variable to extend outside the range [0, `maxUniformBufferRange`). The `Offset` decoration for any member of a `Block`-decorated variable in the `StorageBuffer` storage class must not cause the space required for that variable to extend outside the range [0, `maxStorageBufferRange`).

Variables identified with the `Uniform` storage class can also be used to access transparent descriptor set backed resources when the variable is assigned to a descriptor set layout binding with a `descriptorType` of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`. In this case the variable must be typed as `OpTypeStruct` and cannot be aggregated into arrays of that type. Further, the `Offset` decoration for any member of such a variable must not cause the space required for that variable to extend outside the range [0,`maxInlineUniformBlockSize`).

Variables identified with a storage class of `UniformConstant` and a decoration of `InputAttachmentIndex` must be declared as described in Fragment Input Attachment Interface.

SPIR-V variables decorated with a descriptor set and binding that identify a combined image sampler descriptor can have a type of `OpTypeImage`, `OpTypeSampler` (`Sampled`=1), or `OpTypeSampledImage`.

Arrays of any of these types can be indexed with constant integral expressions. The following features must be enabled and capabilities must be declared in order to index such arrays with dynamically uniform or non-uniform indices:

- Storage images (except storage texel buffers and input attachments):

  - Dynamically uniform: `shaderStorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing` and `StorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - Non-uniform: `shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` and `StorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- Storage texel buffers:

  - Dynamically uniform: `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` and `StorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - Non-uniform: `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` and `StorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- Input attachments:

  - Dynamically uniform: `shaderInputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing` and `InputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - Non-uniform: `shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing` and `InputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- Sampled images (except uniform texel buffers), samplers and combined image samplers:

  - Dynamically uniform: `shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing` and `SampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - Non-uniform: `shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` and `SampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- Uniform texel buffers:

  - Dynamically uniform: `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` and `UniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - Non-uniform: `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` and `UniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- Uniform buffers:

  - Dynamically uniform: `shaderUniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` and `UniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - Non-uniform: `shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` and `UniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- Storage buffers:

  - Dynamically uniform: `shaderStorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` and `StorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - Non-uniform: `shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` and `StorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

If an instruction loads from or stores to a resource (including atomics and image instructions) and the resource descriptor being accessed is not dynamically uniform, then the corresponding non-uniform indexing feature must be enabled and the capability must be declared. If an instruction loads from or stores to a resource (including atomics and image instructions) and the resource descriptor being accessed is loaded from an array element with a non-constant index, then the corresponding dynamic or non-uniform indexing feature must be enabled and the capability must be declared.

If the combined image sampler enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, it must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code, irrespective of the `shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing` feature.

Table 11. Shader Resource and Descriptor Type Correspondence
Resource type | Descriptor Type
--- | ---
sampler | `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`
sampled image | `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`
storage image | `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`
combined image sampler | `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`
uniform texel buffer | `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER`
storage texel buffer | `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`
uniform buffer | `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`
storage buffer | `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`
input attachment | `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT`
inline uniform block | `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`

Table 12. Shader Resource and Storage Class Correspondence
Resource type | Storage Class | Type1 | Decoration(s)2
--- | --- | --- | ---
sampler | `UniformConstant` | `OpTypeSampler` |
sampled image | `UniformConstant` | `OpTypeImage` (`Sampled`=1) |
storage image | `UniformConstant` | `OpTypeImage` (`Sampled`=2) |
combined image sampler | `UniformConstant` | `OpTypeSampledImage` `OpTypeImage` (`Sampled`=1) `OpTypeSampler` |
uniform texel buffer | `UniformConstant` | `OpTypeImage` (`Dim`=`Buffer`, `Sampled`=1) |
storage texel buffer | `UniformConstant` | `OpTypeImage` (`Dim`=`Buffer`, `Sampled`=2) |
uniform buffer | `Uniform` | `OpTypeStruct` | `Block`, `Offset`, (`ArrayStride`), (`MatrixStride`)
storage buffer | `Uniform` | `OpTypeStruct` | `BufferBlock`, `Offset`, (`ArrayStride`), (`MatrixStride`)
`StorageBuffer` | `Block`, `Offset`, (`ArrayStride`), (`MatrixStride`)
input attachment | `UniformConstant` | `OpTypeImage` (`Dim`=`SubpassData`, `Sampled`=2) | `InputAttachmentIndex`
inline uniform block | `Uniform` | `OpTypeStruct` | `Block`, `Offset`, (`ArrayStride`), (`MatrixStride`)

1

  Where `OpTypeImage` is referenced, the `Dim` values `Buffer` and `Subpassdata` are only accepted where they are specifically referenced. They do not correspond to resource types where a generic `OpTypeImage` is specified.

2

  In addition to `DescriptorSet` and `Binding`.

#### 15.5.3. DescriptorSet and Binding Assignment

A variable decorated with a `DescriptorSet` decoration of s and a `Binding` decoration of b indicates that this variable is associated with the VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding that has a `binding` equal to b in `pSetLayouts`[s] that was specified in VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo.

`DescriptorSet` decoration values must be between zero and `maxBoundDescriptorSets` minus one, inclusive. `Binding` decoration values can be any 32-bit unsigned integer value, as described in Descriptor Set Layout. Each descriptor set has its own binding name space.

If the `Binding` decoration is used with an array, the entire array is assigned that binding value. The array must be a single-dimensional array and size of the array must be no larger than the number of descriptors in the binding. If the array is runtime-sized, then array elements greater than or equal to the size of that binding in the bound descriptor set must not be used. If the array is runtime-sized, the `runtimeDescriptorArray` feature must be enabled and the `RuntimeDescriptorArray` capability must be declared. The index of each element of the array is referred to as the arrayElement. For the purposes of interface matching and descriptor set operations, if a resource variable is not an array, it is treated as if it has an arrayElement of zero.

There is a limit on the number of resources of each type that can be accessed by a pipeline stage as shown in Shader Resource Limits. The “Resources Per Stage” column gives the limit on the number each type of resource that can be statically used for an entry point in any given stage in a pipeline. The “Resource Types” column lists which resource types are counted against the limit. Some resource types count against multiple limits.

The pipeline layout may include descriptor sets and bindings which are not referenced by any variables statically used by the entry points for the shader stages in the binding’s `stageFlags`.

However, if a variable assigned to a given `DescriptorSet` and `Binding` is statically used by the entry point for a shader stage, the pipeline layout must contain a descriptor set layout binding in that descriptor set layout and for that binding number, and that binding’s `stageFlags` must include the appropriate VkShaderStageFlagBits for that stage. The variable must be of a valid resource type determined by its SPIR-V type and storage class, as defined in Shader Resource and Storage Class Correspondence. The descriptor set layout binding must be of a corresponding descriptor type, as defined in Shader Resource and Descriptor Type Correspondence.

| Note There are no limits on the number of shader variables that can have overlapping set and binding values in a shader; but which resources are statically used has an impact. If any shader variable identifying a resource is statically used in a shader, then the underlying descriptor bound at the declared set and binding must support the declared type in the shader when the shader executes. If multiple shader variables are declared with the same set and binding values, and with the same underlying descriptor type, they can all be statically used within the same shader. However, accesses are not automatically synchronized, and `Aliased` decorations should be used to avoid data hazards (see section 2.18.2 Aliasing in the SPIR-V specification). If multiple shader variables with the same set and binding values are declared in a single shader, but with different declared types, where any of those are not supported by the relevant bound descriptor, that shader can only be executed if the variables with the unsupported type are not statically used. A noteworthy example of using multiple statically-used shader variables sharing the same descriptor set and binding values is a descriptor of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` that has multiple corresponding shader variables in the `UniformConstant` storage class, where some could be `OpTypeImage` (`Sampled`=1), some could be `OpTypeSampler`, and some could be `OpTypeSampledImage`.

Table 13. Shader Resource Limits
Resources per Stage | Resource Types
--- | ---
`maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers` or `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSamplers` | sampler
combined image sampler
`maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages` or `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSampledImages` | sampled image
combined image sampler
uniform texel buffer
`maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages` or `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageImages` | storage image
storage texel buffer
`maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers` or `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers` | uniform buffer
uniform buffer dynamic
`maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers` or `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers` | storage buffer
storage buffer dynamic
`maxPerStageDescriptorInputAttachments` or `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` | input attachment1
`maxPerStageDescriptorInlineUniformBlocks` or `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks` | inline uniform block

1

  Input attachments can only be used in the fragment shader stage

#### 15.5.4. Offset and Stride Assignment

Certain objects must be explicitly laid out using the `Offset`, `ArrayStride`, and `MatrixStride`, as described in SPIR-V explicit layout validation rules. All such layouts also must conform to the following requirements.

| Note The numeric order of `Offset` decorations does not need to follow member declaration order.

Alignment Requirements

There are different alignment requirements depending on the specific resources and on the features enabled on the device.

The scalar alignment of the type of an `OpTypeStruct` member is defined recursively as follows:

- A scalar of size N has a scalar alignment of N.

- A vector or matrix type has a scalar alignment equal to that of its component type.

- An array type has a scalar alignment equal to that of its element type.

- A structure has a scalar alignment equal to the largest scalar alignment of any of its members.

The base alignment of the type of an `OpTypeStruct` member is defined recursively as follows:

- A scalar has a base alignment equal to its scalar alignment.

- A two-component vector has a base alignment equal to twice its scalar alignment.

- A three- or four-component vector has a base alignment equal to four times its scalar alignment.

- An array has a base alignment equal to the base alignment of its element type.

- A structure has a base alignment equal to the largest base alignment of any of its members. An empty structure has a base alignment equal to the size of the smallest scalar type permitted by the capabilities declared in the SPIR-V module. (e.g., for a 1 byte aligned empty struct in the `StorageBuffer` storage class, `StorageBuffer8BitAccess` or `UniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess` must be declared in the SPIR-V module.)

- A row-major matrix of C columns has a base alignment equal to the base alignment of a vector of C matrix components.

- A column-major matrix has a base alignment equal to the base alignment of the matrix column type.

The extended alignment of the type of an `OpTypeStruct` member is similarly defined as follows:

- A scalar, vector or matrix type has an extended alignment equal to its base alignment.

- An array or structure type has an extended alignment equal to the largest extended alignment of any of its members, rounded up to a multiple of 16.

A member is defined to improperly straddle if either of the following are true:

- It is a vector with total size less than or equal to 16 bytes, and has `Offset` decorations placing its first byte at F and its last byte at L, where floor(F / 16) != floor(L / 16).

- It is a vector with total size greater than 16 bytes and has its `Offset` decorations placing its first byte at a non-integer multiple of 16.

Standard Buffer Layout

Every member of an `OpTypeStruct` that is required to be explicitly laid out must be aligned according to the first matching rule as follows. If the struct is contained in pointer types of multiple storage classes, it must satisfy the requirements for every storage class used to reference it.

1. If the `scalarBlockLayout` feature is enabled on the device and the storage class is `Uniform`, `StorageBuffer`, `PhysicalStorageBuffer`, or `PushConstant` then every member must be aligned according to its scalar alignment.

2. All vectors must be aligned according to their scalar alignment.

3. If the `uniformBufferStandardLayout` feature is not enabled on the device, then any member of an `OpTypeStruct` with a storage class of `Uniform` and a decoration of `Block` must be aligned according to its extended alignment.

4. Every other member must be aligned according to its base alignment.

| Note Even if scalar alignment is supported, it is generally more performant to use the base alignment.

The memory layout must obey the following rules:

- The `Offset` decoration of any member must be a multiple of its alignment.

- Any `ArrayStride` or `MatrixStride` decoration must be a multiple of the alignment of the array or matrix as defined above.

If one of the conditions below applies

- The storage class is `Uniform`, `StorageBuffer`, `PhysicalStorageBuffer`, or `PushConstant`, and the `scalarBlockLayout` feature is not enabled on the device.

- The storage class is any other storage class.

the memory layout must also obey the following rules:

- Vectors must not improperly straddle, as defined above.

- The `Offset` decoration of a member must not place it between the end of a structure or an array and the next multiple of the alignment of that structure or array.

| Note The std430 layout in GLSL satisfies these rules for types using the base alignment. The std140 layout satisfies the rules for types using the extended alignment.

### 15.6. Built-In Variables

Built-in variables are accessed in shaders by declaring a variable decorated with a `BuiltIn` SPIR-V decoration. The meaning of each `BuiltIn` decoration is as follows. In the remainder of this section, the name of a built-in is used interchangeably with a term equivalent to a variable decorated with that particular built-in. Built-ins that represent integer values can be declared as either signed or unsigned 32-bit integers.

As mentioned above, some inputs and outputs have an additional level of arrayness relative to other shader inputs and outputs. This level of arrayness is not included in the type descriptions below, but must be included when declaring the built-in.

`BaseInstance`

  Decorating a variable with the `BaseInstance` built-in will make that variable contain the integer value corresponding to the first instance that was passed to the command that invoked the current vertex shader invocation. `BaseInstance` is the `firstInstance` parameter to a direct drawing command or the `firstInstance` member of a structure consumed by an indirect drawing command.

Valid Usage

- VUID-BaseInstance-BaseInstance-04181
  The `BaseInstance` decoration must be used only within the `Vertex` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-BaseInstance-BaseInstance-04182
  The variable decorated with `BaseInstance` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-BaseInstance-BaseInstance-04183
  The variable decorated with `BaseInstance` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`BaseVertex`

  Decorating a variable with the `BaseVertex` built-in will make that variable contain the integer value corresponding to the first vertex or vertex offset that was passed to the command that invoked the current vertex shader invocation. For non-indexed drawing commands, this variable is the `firstVertex` parameter to a direct drawing command or the `firstVertex` member of the structure consumed by an indirect drawing command. For indexed drawing commands, this variable is the `vertexOffset` parameter to a direct drawing command or the `vertexOffset` member of the structure consumed by an indirect drawing command.

Valid Usage

- VUID-BaseVertex-BaseVertex-04184
  The `BaseVertex` decoration must be used only within the `Vertex` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-BaseVertex-BaseVertex-04185
  The variable decorated with `BaseVertex` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-BaseVertex-BaseVertex-04186
  The variable decorated with `BaseVertex` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`ClipDistance`

  Decorating a variable with the `ClipDistance` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the mechanism for controlling user clipping. `ClipDistance` is an array such that the ith element of the array specifies the clip distance for plane i. A clip distance of 0 means the vertex is on the plane, a positive distance means the vertex is inside the clip half-space, and a negative distance means the vertex is outside the clip half-space.

| Note The array variable decorated with `ClipDistance` is explicitly sized by the shader.

| Note In the last pre-rasterization shader stage, these values will be linearly interpolated across the primitive and the portion of the primitive with interpolated distances less than 0 will be considered outside the clip volume. If `ClipDistance` is then used by a fragment shader, `ClipDistance` contains these linearly interpolated values.

Valid Usage

- VUID-ClipDistance-ClipDistance-04187
  The `ClipDistance` decoration must be used only within the `MeshNV`, `Vertex`, `Fragment`, `TessellationControl`, `TessellationEvaluation`, or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-ClipDistance-ClipDistance-04188
  The variable decorated with `ClipDistance` within the `MeshNV` or `Vertex` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-ClipDistance-ClipDistance-04189
  The variable decorated with `ClipDistance` within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-ClipDistance-ClipDistance-04190
  The variable decorated with `ClipDistance` within the `TessellationControl`, `TessellationEvaluation`, or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model` must not be declared in a `Storage` `Class` other than `Input` or `Output`

- VUID-ClipDistance-ClipDistance-04191
  The variable decorated with `ClipDistance` must be declared as an array of 32-bit floating-point values

`CullDistance`

  Decorating a variable with the `CullDistance` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the mechanism for controlling user culling. If any member of this array is assigned a negative value for all vertices belonging to a primitive, then the primitive is discarded before rasterization.

| Note In fragment shaders, the values of the `CullDistance` array are linearly interpolated across each primitive.

| Note If `CullDistance` decorates an input variable, that variable will contain the corresponding value from the `CullDistance` decorated output variable from the previous shader stage.

Valid Usage

- VUID-CullDistance-CullDistance-04196
  The `CullDistance` decoration must be used only within the `MeshNV`, `Vertex`, `Fragment`, `TessellationControl`, `TessellationEvaluation`, or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-CullDistance-CullDistance-04197
  The variable decorated with `CullDistance` within the `MeshNV` or `Vertex` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-CullDistance-CullDistance-04198
  The variable decorated with `CullDistance` within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-CullDistance-CullDistance-04199
  The variable decorated with `CullDistance` within the `TessellationControl`, `TessellationEvaluation`, or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model` must not be declared using a `Storage` `Class` other than `Input` or `Output`

- VUID-CullDistance-CullDistance-04200
  The variable decorated with `CullDistance` must be declared as an array of 32-bit floating-point values

`DeviceIndex`

  The `DeviceIndex` decoration can be applied to a shader input which will be filled with the device index of the physical device that is executing the current shader invocation. This value will be in the range [0,m a x(1,p h y s i c a l D e v i c e C o u n t)), where physicalDeviceCount is the `physicalDeviceCount` member of VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo.

Valid Usage

- VUID-DeviceIndex-DeviceIndex-04205
  The variable decorated with `DeviceIndex` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-DeviceIndex-DeviceIndex-04206
  The variable decorated with `DeviceIndex` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`DrawIndex`

  Decorating a variable with the `DrawIndex` built-in will make that variable contain the integer value corresponding to the zero-based index of the drawing command that invoked the current vertex shader invocation. For indirect drawing commands, `DrawIndex` begins at zero and increments by one for each drawing command executed. The number of drawing commands is given by the `drawCount` parameter. For direct drawing commands, `DrawIndex` is always zero. `DrawIndex` is dynamically uniform.

Valid Usage

- VUID-DrawIndex-DrawIndex-04207
  The `DrawIndex` decoration must be used only within the `Vertex`, `MeshNV`, or `TaskNV` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-DrawIndex-DrawIndex-04208
  The variable decorated with `DrawIndex` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-DrawIndex-DrawIndex-04209
  The variable decorated with `DrawIndex` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`FragCoord`

  Decorating a variable with the `FragCoord` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the framebuffer coordinate (x,y,z,w 1​) of the fragment being processed. The (x,y) coordinate (0,0) is the upper left corner of the upper left pixel in the framebuffer.

  When Sample Shading is enabled, the x and y components of `FragCoord` reflect the location of one of the samples corresponding to the shader invocation.

  Otherwise, the x and y components of `FragCoord` reflect the location of the center of the fragment.

  The z component of `FragCoord` is the interpolated depth value of the primitive.

  The w component is the interpolated w 1​.

  The `Centroid` interpolation decoration is ignored, but allowed, on `FragCoord`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-FragCoord-FragCoord-04210
  The `FragCoord` decoration must be used only within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-FragCoord-FragCoord-04211
  The variable decorated with `FragCoord` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-FragCoord-FragCoord-04212
  The variable decorated with `FragCoord` must be declared as a four-component vector of 32-bit floating-point values

`FragDepth`

  To have a shader supply a fragment-depth value, the shader must declare the `DepthReplacing` execution mode. Such a shader’s fragment-depth value will come from the variable decorated with the `FragDepth` built-in decoration.

  This value will be used for any subsequent depth testing performed by the implementation or writes to the depth attachment. See fragment shader depth replacement for details.

Valid Usage

- VUID-FragDepth-FragDepth-04213
  The `FragDepth` decoration must be used only within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-FragDepth-FragDepth-04214
  The variable decorated with `FragDepth` must be declared using the `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-FragDepth-FragDepth-04215
  The variable decorated with `FragDepth` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit floating-point value

- VUID-FragDepth-FragDepth-04216
  If the shader dynamically writes to the variable decorated with `FragDepth`, the `DepthReplacing` `Execution` `Mode` must be declared

`FrontFacing`

  Decorating a variable with the `FrontFacing` built-in decoration will make that variable contain whether the fragment is front or back facing. This variable is non-zero if the current fragment is considered to be part of a front-facing polygon primitive or of a non-polygon primitive and is zero if the fragment is considered to be part of a back-facing polygon primitive.

Valid Usage

- VUID-FrontFacing-FrontFacing-04229
  The `FrontFacing` decoration must be used only within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-FrontFacing-FrontFacing-04230
  The variable decorated with `FrontFacing` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-FrontFacing-FrontFacing-04231
  The variable decorated with `FrontFacing` must be declared as a boolean value

`GlobalInvocationId`

  Decorating a variable with the `GlobalInvocationId` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the location of the current invocation within the global workgroup. Each component is equal to the index of the local workgroup multiplied by the size of the local workgroup plus `LocalInvocationId`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-GlobalInvocationId-GlobalInvocationId-04236
  The `GlobalInvocationId` decoration must be used only within the `GLCompute`, `MeshNV`, or `TaskNV` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-GlobalInvocationId-GlobalInvocationId-04237
  The variable decorated with `GlobalInvocationId` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-GlobalInvocationId-GlobalInvocationId-04238
  The variable decorated with `GlobalInvocationId` must be declared as a three-component vector of 32-bit integer values

`HelperInvocation`

  Decorating a variable with the `HelperInvocation` built-in decoration will make that variable contain whether the current invocation is a helper invocation. This variable is non-zero if the current fragment being shaded is a helper invocation and zero otherwise. A helper invocation is an invocation of the shader that is produced to satisfy internal requirements such as the generation of derivatives.

| Note It is very likely that a helper invocation will have a value of `SampleMask` fragment shader input value that is zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-HelperInvocation-HelperInvocation-04239
  The `HelperInvocation` decoration must be used only within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-HelperInvocation-HelperInvocation-04240
  The variable decorated with `HelperInvocation` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-HelperInvocation-HelperInvocation-04241
  The variable decorated with `HelperInvocation` must be declared as a boolean value

`InvocationId`

  Decorating a variable with the `InvocationId` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the index of the current shader invocation in a geometry shader, or the index of the output patch vertex in a tessellation control shader.

  In a geometry shader, the index of the current shader invocation ranges from zero to the number of instances declared in the shader minus one. If the instance count of the geometry shader is one or is not specified, then `InvocationId` will be zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-InvocationId-InvocationId-04257
  The `InvocationId` decoration must be used only within the `TessellationControl` or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-InvocationId-InvocationId-04258
  The variable decorated with `InvocationId` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-InvocationId-InvocationId-04259
  The variable decorated with `InvocationId` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`InstanceIndex`

  Decorating a variable in a vertex shader with the `InstanceIndex` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the index of the instance that is being processed by the current vertex shader invocation. `InstanceIndex` begins at the `firstInstance` parameter to vkCmdDraw or vkCmdDrawIndexed or at the `firstInstance` member of a structure consumed by vkCmdDrawIndirect or vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect.

Valid Usage

- VUID-InstanceIndex-InstanceIndex-04263
  The `InstanceIndex` decoration must be used only within the `Vertex` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-InstanceIndex-InstanceIndex-04264
  The variable decorated with `InstanceIndex` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-InstanceIndex-InstanceIndex-04265
  The variable decorated with `InstanceIndex` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`Layer`

  Decorating a variable with the `Layer` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the select layer of a multi-layer framebuffer attachment.

  In a vertex, tessellation evaluation, or geometry shader, any variable decorated with `Layer` can be written with the framebuffer layer index to which the primitive produced by that shader will be directed.

  The last active pre-rasterization shader stage (in pipeline order) controls the `Layer` that is used. Outputs in previous shader stages are not used, even if the last stage fails to write the `Layer`.

  If the last active pre-rasterization shader stage shader entry point’s interface does not include a variable decorated with `Layer`, then the first layer is used. If a pre-rasterization shader stage shader entry point’s interface includes a variable decorated with `Layer`, it must write the same value to `Layer` for all output vertices of a given primitive. If the `Layer` value is less than 0 or greater than or equal to the number of layers in the framebuffer, then primitives may still be rasterized, fragment shaders may be executed, and the framebuffer values for all layers are undefined.

  + In a fragment shader, a variable decorated with `Layer` contains the layer index of the primitive that the fragment invocation belongs to.

Valid Usage

- VUID-Layer-Layer-04272
  The `Layer` decoration must be used only within the `MeshNV`, `Vertex`, `TessellationEvaluation`, `Geometry`, or `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-Layer-Layer-04273
  If the shaderOutputLayer feature is not enabled then the `Layer` decoration must be used only within the `Geometry` or `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-Layer-Layer-04274
  The variable decorated with `Layer` within the `MeshNV`, `Vertex`, `TessellationEvaluation`, or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-Layer-Layer-04275
  The variable decorated with `Layer` within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-Layer-Layer-04276
  The variable decorated with `Layer` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`LocalInvocationId`

  Decorating a variable with the `LocalInvocationId` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the location of the current compute shader invocation within the local workgroup. Each component ranges from zero through to the size of the workgroup in that dimension minus one.

| Note If the size of the workgroup in a particular dimension is one, then the `LocalInvocationId` in that dimension will be zero. If the workgroup is effectively two-dimensional, then `LocalInvocationId.z` will be zero. If the workgroup is effectively one-dimensional, then both `LocalInvocationId.y` and `LocalInvocationId.z` will be zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-LocalInvocationId-LocalInvocationId-04281
  The `LocalInvocationId` decoration must be used only within the `GLCompute`, `MeshNV`, or `TaskNV` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-LocalInvocationId-LocalInvocationId-04282
  The variable decorated with `LocalInvocationId` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-LocalInvocationId-LocalInvocationId-04283
  The variable decorated with `LocalInvocationId` must be declared as a three-component vector of 32-bit integer values

`LocalInvocationIndex`

  Decorating a variable with the `LocalInvocationIndex` built-in decoration will make that variable contain a one-dimensional representation of `LocalInvocationId`. This is computed as:

      LocalInvocationIndex =
          LocalInvocationId.z * WorkgroupSize.x * WorkgroupSize.y +
          LocalInvocationId.y * WorkgroupSize.x +
          LocalInvocationId.x;

Valid Usage

- VUID-LocalInvocationIndex-LocalInvocationIndex-04284
  The `LocalInvocationIndex` decoration must be used only within the `GLCompute`, `MeshNV`, or `TaskNV` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-LocalInvocationIndex-LocalInvocationIndex-04285
  The variable decorated with `LocalInvocationIndex` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-LocalInvocationIndex-LocalInvocationIndex-04286
  The variable decorated with `LocalInvocationIndex` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`NumSubgroups`

  Decorating a variable with the `NumSubgroups` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the number of subgroups in the local workgroup.

Valid Usage

- VUID-NumSubgroups-NumSubgroups-04293
  The `NumSubgroups` decoration must be used only within the `GLCompute`, `MeshNV`, or `TaskNV` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-NumSubgroups-NumSubgroups-04294
  The variable decorated with `NumSubgroups` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-NumSubgroups-NumSubgroups-04295
  The variable decorated with `NumSubgroups` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`NumWorkgroups`

  Decorating a variable with the `NumWorkgroups` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the number of local workgroups that are part of the dispatch that the invocation belongs to. Each component is equal to the values of the workgroup count parameters passed into the dispatching commands.

Valid Usage

- VUID-NumWorkgroups-NumWorkgroups-04296
  The `NumWorkgroups` decoration must be used only within the `GLCompute` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-NumWorkgroups-NumWorkgroups-04297
  The variable decorated with `NumWorkgroups` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-NumWorkgroups-NumWorkgroups-04298
  The variable decorated with `NumWorkgroups` must be declared as a three-component vector of 32-bit integer values

`PatchVertices`

  Decorating a variable with the `PatchVertices` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the number of vertices in the input patch being processed by the shader. In a Tessellation Control Shader, this is the same as the name:patchControlPoints member of VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo. In a Tessellation Evaluation Shader, `PatchVertices` is equal to the tessellation control output patch size. When the same shader is used in different pipelines where the patch sizes are configured differently, the value of the `PatchVertices` variable will also differ.

Valid Usage

- VUID-PatchVertices-PatchVertices-04308
  The `PatchVertices` decoration must be used only within the `TessellationControl` or `TessellationEvaluation` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-PatchVertices-PatchVertices-04309
  The variable decorated with `PatchVertices` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-PatchVertices-PatchVertices-04310
  The variable decorated with `PatchVertices` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`PointCoord`

  Decorating a variable with the `PointCoord` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the coordinate of the current fragment within the point being rasterized, normalized to the size of the point with origin in the upper left corner of the point, as described in Basic Point Rasterization. If the primitive the fragment shader invocation belongs to is not a point, then the variable decorated with `PointCoord` contains an undefined value.

| Note Depending on how the point is rasterized, `PointCoord` may never reach (0,0) or (1,1).

Valid Usage

- VUID-PointCoord-PointCoord-04311
  The `PointCoord` decoration must be used only within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-PointCoord-PointCoord-04312
  The variable decorated with `PointCoord` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-PointCoord-PointCoord-04313
  The variable decorated with `PointCoord` must be declared as a two-component vector of 32-bit floating-point values

`PointSize`

  Decorating a variable with the `PointSize` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the size of point primitives. The value written to the variable decorated with `PointSize` by the last pre-rasterization shader stage in the pipeline is used as the framebuffer-space size of points produced by rasterization.

| Note When `PointSize` decorates a variable in the `Input` `Storage` `Class`, it contains the data written to the output variable decorated with `PointSize` from the previous shader stage.

Valid Usage

- VUID-PointSize-PointSize-04314
  The `PointSize` decoration must be used only within the `MeshNV`, `Vertex`, `TessellationControl`, `TessellationEvaluation`, or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-PointSize-PointSize-04315
  The variable decorated with `PointSize` within the `MeshNV` or `Vertex` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-PointSize-PointSize-04316
  The variable decorated with `PointSize` within the `TessellationControl`, `TessellationEvaluation`, or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model` must not be declared using a `Storage` `Class` other than `Input` or `Output`

- VUID-PointSize-PointSize-04317
  The variable decorated with `PointSize` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit floating-point value

`Position`

  Decorating a variable with the `Position` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the position of the current vertex. In the last pre-rasterization shader stage, the value of the variable decorated with `Position` is used in subsequent primitive assembly, clipping, and rasterization operations.

| Note When `Position` decorates a variable in the `Input` `Storage` `Class`, it contains the data written to the output variable decorated with `Position` from the previous shader stage.

Valid Usage

- VUID-Position-Position-04318
  The `Position` decoration must be used only within the `MeshNV`, `Vertex`, `TessellationControl`, `TessellationEvaluation`, or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-Position-Position-04319
  The variable decorated with `Position` within `MeshNV` or `Vertex` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-Position-Position-04320
  The variable decorated with `Position` within `TessellationControl`, `TessellationEvaluation`, or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model` must not be declared using a `Storage` `Class` other than `Input` or `Output`

- VUID-Position-Position-04321
  The variable decorated with `Position` must be declared as a four-component vector of 32-bit floating-point values

`PrimitiveId`

  Decorating a variable with the `PrimitiveId` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the index of the current primitive.

  The index of the first primitive generated by a drawing command is zero, and the index is incremented after every individual point, line, or triangle primitive is processed.

  For triangles drawn as points or line segments (see Polygon Mode), the primitive index is incremented only once, even if multiple points or lines are eventually drawn.

  Variables decorated with `PrimitiveId` are reset to zero between each instance drawn.

  Restarting a primitive topology using primitive restart has no effect on the value of variables decorated with `PrimitiveId`.

  In tessellation control and tessellation evaluation shaders, it will contain the index of the patch within the current set of rendering primitives that corresponds to the shader invocation.

  In a geometry shader, it will contain the number of primitives presented as input to the shader since the current set of rendering primitives was started.

  In a fragment shader, it will contain the primitive index written by the geometry shader if a geometry shader is present, or with the value that would have been presented as input to the geometry shader had it been present.

| Note When the `PrimitiveId` decoration is applied to an output variable in the geometry shader, the resulting value is seen through the `PrimitiveId` decorated input variable in the fragment shader. The fragment shader using `PrimitiveId` will need to declare either the `Geometry` or `Tessellation` capability to satisfy the requirement SPIR-V has to use `PrimitiveId`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-PrimitiveId-PrimitiveId-04330
  The `PrimitiveId` decoration must be used only within the `MeshNV`, `IntersectionKHR`, `AnyHitKHR`, `ClosestHitKHR`, `TessellationControl`, `TessellationEvaluation`, `Geometry`, or `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-PrimitiveId-Fragment-04331
  If pipeline contains both the `Fragment` and `Geometry` `Execution` `Model` and a variable decorated with `PrimitiveId` is read from `Fragment` shader, then the `Geometry` shader must write to the output variables decorated with `PrimitiveId` in all execution paths

- VUID-PrimitiveId-Fragment-04332
  If pipeline contains both the `Fragment` and `MeshNV` `Execution` `Model` and a variable decorated with `PrimitiveId` is read from `Fragment` shader, then the `MeshNV` shader must write to the output variables decorated with `PrimitiveId` in all execution paths

- VUID-PrimitiveId-Fragment-04333
  If `Fragment` `Execution` `Model` contains a variable decorated with `PrimitiveId`, then either the `MeshShadingNV`, `Geometry` or `Tessellation` capability must also be declared

- VUID-PrimitiveId-PrimitiveId-04334
  The variable decorated with `PrimitiveId` within the `TessellationControl`, `TessellationEvaluation`, `Fragment`, `IntersectionKHR`, `AnyHitKHR`, or `ClosestHitKHR` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-PrimitiveId-PrimitiveId-04335
  The variable decorated with `PrimitiveId` within the `Geometry` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Input` or `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-PrimitiveId-PrimitiveId-04336
  The variable decorated with `PrimitiveId` within the `MeshNV` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-PrimitiveId-PrimitiveId-04337
  The variable decorated with `PrimitiveId` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`SampleId`

  Decorating a variable with the `SampleId` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the coverage index for the current fragment shader invocation. `SampleId` ranges from zero to the number of samples in the framebuffer minus one. If a fragment shader entry point’s interface includes an input variable decorated with `SampleId`, Sample Shading is considered enabled with a `minSampleShading` value of 1.0.

Valid Usage

- VUID-SampleId-SampleId-04354
  The `SampleId` decoration must be used only within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-SampleId-SampleId-04355
  The variable decorated with `SampleId` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SampleId-SampleId-04356
  The variable decorated with `SampleId` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`SampleMask`

  Decorating a variable with the `SampleMask` built-in decoration will make any variable contain the sample mask for the current fragment shader invocation.

  A variable in the `Input` storage class decorated with `SampleMask` will contain a bitmask of the set of samples covered by the primitive generating the fragment during rasterization. It has a sample bit set if and only if the sample is considered covered for this fragment shader invocation. `SampleMask`[] is an array of integers. Bits are mapped to samples in a manner where bit B of mask M (`SampleMask[M]`) corresponds to sample 32 × M + B.

  A variable in the `Output` storage class decorated with `SampleMask` is an array of integers forming a bit array in a manner similar to an input variable decorated with `SampleMask`, but where each bit represents coverage as computed by the shader. This computed `SampleMask` is combined with the generated coverage mask in the multisample coverage operation.

  Variables decorated with `SampleMask` must be either an unsized array, or explicitly sized to be no larger than the implementation-dependent maximum sample-mask (as an array of 32-bit elements), determined by the maximum number of samples.

  If a fragment shader entry point’s interface includes an output variable decorated with `SampleMask`, the sample mask will be undefined for any array elements of any fragment shader invocations that fail to assign a value. If a fragment shader entry point’s interface does not include an output variable decorated with `SampleMask`, the sample mask has no effect on the processing of a fragment.

Valid Usage

- VUID-SampleMask-SampleMask-04357
  The `SampleMask` decoration must be used only within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-SampleMask-SampleMask-04358
  The variable decorated with `SampleMask` must be declared using the `Input` or `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SampleMask-SampleMask-04359
  The variable decorated with `SampleMask` must be declared as an array of 32-bit integer values

`SamplePosition`

  Decorating a variable with the `SamplePosition` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the sub-pixel position of the sample being shaded. The top left of the pixel is considered to be at coordinate (0,0) and the bottom right of the pixel is considered to be at coordinate (1,1).

  If a fragment shader entry point’s interface includes an input variable decorated with `SamplePosition`, Sample Shading is considered enabled with a `minSampleShading` value of 1.0.

Valid Usage

- VUID-SamplePosition-SamplePosition-04360
  The `SamplePosition` decoration must be used only within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-SamplePosition-SamplePosition-04361
  The variable decorated with `SamplePosition` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SamplePosition-SamplePosition-04362
  The variable decorated with `SamplePosition` must be declared as a two-component vector of 32-bit floating-point values

`SubgroupId`

  Decorating a variable with the `SubgroupId` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the index of the subgroup within the local workgroup. This variable is in range [0, `NumSubgroups`-1].

Valid Usage

- VUID-SubgroupId-SubgroupId-04367
  The `SubgroupId` decoration must be used only within the `GLCompute`, `MeshNV`, or `TaskNV` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-SubgroupId-SubgroupId-04368
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupId` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SubgroupId-SubgroupId-04369
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupId` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`SubgroupEqMask`

  Decorating a variable with the `SubgroupEqMask` builtin decoration will make that variable contain the subgroup mask of the current subgroup invocation. The bit corresponding to the `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` is set in the variable decorated with `SubgroupEqMask`. All other bits are set to zero.

  `SubgroupEqMaskKHR` is an alias of `SubgroupEqMask`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-SubgroupEqMask-SubgroupEqMask-04370
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupEqMask` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SubgroupEqMask-SubgroupEqMask-04371
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupEqMask` must be declared as a four-component vector of 32-bit integer values

`SubgroupGeMask`

  Decorating a variable with the `SubgroupGeMask` builtin decoration will make that variable contain the subgroup mask of the current subgroup invocation. The bits corresponding to the invocations greater than or equal to `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` through `SubgroupSize`-1 are set in the variable decorated with `SubgroupGeMask`. All other bits are set to zero.

  `SubgroupGeMaskKHR` is an alias of `SubgroupGeMask`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-SubgroupGeMask-SubgroupGeMask-04372
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupGeMask` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SubgroupGeMask-SubgroupGeMask-04373
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupGeMask` must be declared as a four-component vector of 32-bit integer values

`SubgroupGtMask`

  Decorating a variable with the `SubgroupGtMask` builtin decoration will make that variable contain the subgroup mask of the current subgroup invocation. The bits corresponding to the invocations greater than `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` through `SubgroupSize`-1 are set in the variable decorated with `SubgroupGtMask`. All other bits are set to zero.

  `SubgroupGtMaskKHR` is an alias of `SubgroupGtMask`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-SubgroupGtMask-SubgroupGtMask-04374
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupGtMask` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SubgroupGtMask-SubgroupGtMask-04375
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupGtMask` must be declared as a four-component vector of 32-bit integer values

`SubgroupLeMask`

  Decorating a variable with the `SubgroupLeMask` builtin decoration will make that variable contain the subgroup mask of the current subgroup invocation. The bits corresponding to the invocations less than or equal to `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` are set in the variable decorated with `SubgroupLeMask`. All other bits are set to zero.

  `SubgroupLeMaskKHR` is an alias of `SubgroupLeMask`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-SubgroupLeMask-SubgroupLeMask-04376
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupLeMask` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SubgroupLeMask-SubgroupLeMask-04377
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupLeMask` must be declared as a four-component vector of 32-bit integer values

`SubgroupLtMask`

  Decorating a variable with the `SubgroupLtMask` builtin decoration will make that variable contain the subgroup mask of the current subgroup invocation. The bits corresponding to the invocations less than `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` are set in the variable decorated with `SubgroupLtMask`. All other bits are set to zero.

  `SubgroupLtMaskKHR` is an alias of `SubgroupLtMask`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-SubgroupLtMask-SubgroupLtMask-04378
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupLtMask` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SubgroupLtMask-SubgroupLtMask-04379
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupLtMask` must be declared as a four-component vector of 32-bit integer values

`SubgroupLocalInvocationId`

  Decorating a variable with the `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` builtin decoration will make that variable contain the index of the invocation within the subgroup. This variable is in range [0,`SubgroupSize`-1].

  If `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT` is specified, or if `module` declares SPIR-V version 1.6 or higher, and the local workgroup size in the X dimension of the `stage` is a multiple of `SubgroupSize`, full subgroups are enabled for that pipeline stage. When full subgroups are enabled, subgroups must be launched with all invocations active, i.e., there is an active invocation with `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` for each value in range [0,`SubgroupSize`-1].

| Note There is no direct relationship between `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` and `LocalInvocationId` or `LocalInvocationIndex`. If the pipeline was created with full subgroups applications can compute their own local invocation index to serve the same purpose: index = `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` + `SubgroupId` * `SubgroupSize` If full subgroups are not enabled, some subgroups may be dispatched with inactive invocations that do not correspond to a local workgroup invocation, making the value of index unreliable.

| Note `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT` is effectively deprecated when compiling SPIR-V 1.6 shaders, as this behavior is the default for Vulkan with SPIR-V 1.6. This is more aligned with developer expectations, and avoids applications unexpectedly breaking in the future.

Valid Usage

- VUID-SubgroupLocalInvocationId-SubgroupLocalInvocationId-04380
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SubgroupLocalInvocationId-SubgroupLocalInvocationId-04381
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupLocalInvocationId` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`SubgroupSize`

  Decorating a variable with the `SubgroupSize` builtin decoration will make that variable contain the implementation-dependent number of invocations in a subgroup. This value must be a power-of-two integer.

  If the pipeline was created with the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` flag set, or the SPIR-V `module` is at least version 1.6, the `SubgroupSize` decorated variable will contain the subgroup size for each subgroup that gets dispatched. This value must be between minSubgroupSize and maxSubgroupSize and must be uniform with subgroup scope. The value may vary across a single draw call, and for fragment shaders may vary across a single primitive. In compute dispatches, `SubgroupSize` must be uniform with command scope.

  If the pipeline was created with a chained VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo structure, the `SubgroupSize` decorated variable will match `requiredSubgroupSize`.

  If the pipeline stage SPIR-V `module` is less than version 1.6 and was not created with the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` flag set and no VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo structure was chained, the variable decorated with `SubgroupSize` will match `subgroupSize`.

  The maximum number of invocations that an implementation can support per subgroup is 128.

| Note The old behavior for `SubgroupSize` is considered deprecated as certain compute algorithms cannot be easily implemented without the guarantees of `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` and `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-SubgroupSize-SubgroupSize-04382
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupSize` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-SubgroupSize-SubgroupSize-04383
  The variable decorated with `SubgroupSize` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`TessCoord`

  Decorating a variable with the `TessCoord` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the three-dimensional (u,v,w) barycentric coordinate of the tessellated vertex within the patch. u, v, and w are in the range [0,1] and vary linearly across the primitive being subdivided. For the tessellation modes of `Quads` or `IsoLines`, the third component is always zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-TessCoord-TessCoord-04387
  The `TessCoord` decoration must be used only within the `TessellationEvaluation` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-TessCoord-TessCoord-04388
  The variable decorated with `TessCoord` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-TessCoord-TessCoord-04389
  The variable decorated with `TessCoord` must be declared as a three-component vector of 32-bit floating-point values

`TessLevelOuter`

  Decorating a variable with the `TessLevelOuter` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the outer tessellation levels for the current patch.

  In tessellation control shaders, the variable decorated with `TessLevelOuter` can be written to, controlling the tessellation factors for the resulting patch. These values are used by the tessellator to control primitive tessellation and can be read by tessellation evaluation shaders.

  In tessellation evaluation shaders, the variable decorated with `TessLevelOuter` can read the values written by the tessellation control shader.

Valid Usage

- VUID-TessLevelOuter-TessLevelOuter-04390
  The `TessLevelOuter` decoration must be used only within the `TessellationControl` or `TessellationEvaluation` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-TessLevelOuter-TessLevelOuter-04391
  The variable decorated with `TessLevelOuter` within the `TessellationControl` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-TessLevelOuter-TessLevelOuter-04392
  The variable decorated with `TessLevelOuter` within the `TessellationEvaluation` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-TessLevelOuter-TessLevelOuter-04393
  The variable decorated with `TessLevelOuter` must be declared as an array of size four, containing 32-bit floating-point values

`TessLevelInner`

  Decorating a variable with the `TessLevelInner` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the inner tessellation levels for the current patch.

  In tessellation control shaders, the variable decorated with `TessLevelInner` can be written to, controlling the tessellation factors for the resulting patch. These values are used by the tessellator to control primitive tessellation and can be read by tessellation evaluation shaders.

  In tessellation evaluation shaders, the variable decorated with `TessLevelInner` can read the values written by the tessellation control shader.

Valid Usage

- VUID-TessLevelInner-TessLevelInner-04394
  The `TessLevelInner` decoration must be used only within the `TessellationControl` or `TessellationEvaluation` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-TessLevelInner-TessLevelInner-04395
  The variable decorated with `TessLevelInner` within the `TessellationControl` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-TessLevelInner-TessLevelInner-04396
  The variable decorated with `TessLevelInner` within the `TessellationEvaluation` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-TessLevelInner-TessLevelInner-04397
  The variable decorated with `TessLevelInner` must be declared as an array of size two, containing 32-bit floating-point values

`VertexIndex`

  Decorating a variable with the `VertexIndex` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the index of the vertex that is being processed by the current vertex shader invocation. For non-indexed draws, this variable begins at the `firstVertex` parameter to vkCmdDraw or the `firstVertex` member of a structure consumed by vkCmdDrawIndirect and increments by one for each vertex in the draw. For indexed draws, its value is the content of the index buffer for the vertex plus the `vertexOffset` parameter to vkCmdDrawIndexed or the `vertexOffset` member of the structure consumed by vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect.

| Note `VertexIndex` starts at the same starting value for each instance.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VertexIndex-VertexIndex-04398
  The `VertexIndex` decoration must be used only within the `Vertex` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-VertexIndex-VertexIndex-04399
  The variable decorated with `VertexIndex` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-VertexIndex-VertexIndex-04400
  The variable decorated with `VertexIndex` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`ViewIndex`

  The `ViewIndex` decoration can be applied to a shader input which will be filled with the index of the view that is being processed by the current shader invocation.

  If multiview is enabled in the render pass, this value will be one of the bits set in the view mask of the subpass the pipeline is compiled against. If multiview is not enabled in the render pass, this value will be zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-ViewIndex-ViewIndex-04401
  The `ViewIndex` decoration must not be used within the `GLCompute` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-ViewIndex-ViewIndex-04402
  The variable decorated with `ViewIndex` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-ViewIndex-ViewIndex-04403
  The variable decorated with `ViewIndex` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`ViewportIndex`

  Decorating a variable with the `ViewportIndex` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the index of the viewport.

  In a vertex, tessellation evaluation, or geometry shader, the variable decorated with `ViewportIndex` can be written to with the viewport index to which the primitive produced by that shader will be directed.

  The selected viewport index is used to select the viewport transform and scissor rectangle.

  The last active pre-rasterization shader stage (in pipeline order) controls the `ViewportIndex` that is used. Outputs in previous shader stages are not used, even if the last stage fails to write the `ViewportIndex`.

  If the last active pre-rasterization shader stage shader entry point’s interface does not include a variable decorated with `ViewportIndex`, then the first viewport is used. If a pre-rasterization shader stage shader entry point’s interface includes a variable decorated with `ViewportIndex`, it must write the same value to `ViewportIndex` for all output vertices of a given primitive.

  In a fragment shader, the variable decorated with `ViewportIndex` contains the viewport index of the primitive that the fragment invocation belongs to.

Valid Usage

- VUID-ViewportIndex-ViewportIndex-04404
  The `ViewportIndex` decoration must be used only within the `MeshNV`, `Vertex`, `TessellationEvaluation`, `Geometry`, or `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-ViewportIndex-ViewportIndex-04405
  If the shaderOutputViewportIndex feature is not enabled then the `ViewportIndex` decoration must be used only within the `Geometry` or `Fragment` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-ViewportIndex-ViewportIndex-04406
  The variable decorated with `ViewportIndex` within the `MeshNV`, `Vertex`, `TessellationEvaluation`, or `Geometry` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Output` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-ViewportIndex-ViewportIndex-04407
  The variable decorated with `ViewportIndex` within the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-ViewportIndex-ViewportIndex-04408
  The variable decorated with `ViewportIndex` must be declared as a scalar 32-bit integer value

`WorkgroupId`

  Decorating a variable with the `WorkgroupId` built-in decoration will make that variable contain the global workgroup that the current invocation is a member of. Each component ranges from a base value to a base + count value, based on the parameters passed into the dispatching commands.

Valid Usage

- VUID-WorkgroupId-WorkgroupId-04422
  The `WorkgroupId` decoration must be used only within the `GLCompute`, `MeshNV`, or `TaskNV` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-WorkgroupId-WorkgroupId-04423
  The variable decorated with `WorkgroupId` must be declared using the `Input` `Storage` `Class`

- VUID-WorkgroupId-WorkgroupId-04424
  The variable decorated with `WorkgroupId` must be declared as a three-component vector of 32-bit integer values

`WorkgroupSize`

| Note SPIR-V 1.6 deprecated `WorkgroupSize` in favor of using the `LocalSizeId` Execution Mode instead. Support for `LocalSizeId` was added with ``VK_KHR_maintenance4`` and promoted to core in Version 1.3.

Decorating an object with the `WorkgroupSize` built-in decoration will make that object contain the dimensions of a local workgroup. If an object is decorated with the `WorkgroupSize` decoration, this takes precedence over any `LocalSize` or `LocalSizeId` execution mode.

Valid Usage

- VUID-WorkgroupSize-WorkgroupSize-04425
  The `WorkgroupSize` decoration must be used only within the `GLCompute`, `MeshNV`, or `TaskNV` `Execution` `Model`

- VUID-WorkgroupSize-WorkgroupSize-04426
  The variable decorated with `WorkgroupSize` must be a specialization constant or a constant

- VUID-WorkgroupSize-WorkgroupSize-04427
  The variable decorated with `WorkgroupSize` must be declared as a three-component vector of 32-bit integer values

## 16. Image Operations

### 16.1. Image Operations Overview

Vulkan Image Operations are operations performed by those SPIR-V Image Instructions which take an `OpTypeImage` (representing a `VkImageView`) or `OpTypeSampledImage` (representing a (`VkImageView`, `VkSampler`) pair). Read, write, and atomic operations also take texel coordinates as operands, and return a value based on a neighborhood of texture elements (texels) within the image. Query operations return properties of the bound image or of the lookup itself. The “Depth” operand of `OpTypeImage` is ignored.

| Note Texel is a term which is a combination of the words texture and element. Early interactive computer graphics supported texture operations on textures, a small subset of the image operations on images described here. The discrete samples remain essentially equivalent, however, so we retain the historical term texel to refer to them.

Image Operations include the functionality of the following SPIR-V Image Instructions:

- `OpImageSample*` and `OpImageSparseSample*` read one or more neighboring texels of the image, and filter the texel values based on the state of the sampler.

  - Instructions with `ImplicitLod` in the name determine the LOD used in the sampling operation based on the coordinates used in neighboring fragments.

  - Instructions with `ExplicitLod` in the name determine the LOD used in the sampling operation based on additional coordinates.

  - Instructions with `Proj` in the name apply homogeneous projection to the coordinates.

- `OpImageFetch` and `OpImageSparseFetch` return a single texel of the image. No sampler is used.

- `OpImage*Gather` and `OpImageSparse*Gather` read neighboring texels and return a single component of each.

- `OpImageRead` (and `OpImageSparseRead`) and `OpImageWrite` read and write, respectively, a texel in the image. No sampler is used.

- `OpImage*Dref*` instructions apply depth comparison on the texel values.

- `OpImageSparse*` instructions additionally return a sparse residency code.

- `OpImageQuerySize`, `OpImageQuerySizeLod`, `OpImageQueryLevels`, and `OpImageQuerySamples` return properties of the image descriptor that would be accessed. The image itself is not accessed.

- `OpImageQueryLod` returns the lod parameters that would be used in a sample operation. The actual operation is not performed.

#### 16.1.1. Texel Coordinate Systems

Images are addressed by texel coordinates. There are three texel coordinate systems:

- normalized texel coordinates [0.0, 1.0]

- unnormalized texel coordinates [0.0, width / height / depth)

- integer texel coordinates [0, width / height / depth)

SPIR-V `OpImageFetch`, `OpImageSparseFetch`, `OpImageRead`, `OpImageSparseRead`, and `OpImageWrite` instructions use integer texel coordinates. Other image instructions can use either normalized or unnormalized texel coordinates (selected by the `unnormalizedCoordinates` state of the sampler used in the instruction), but there are limitations on what operations, image state, and sampler state is supported. Normalized coordinates are logically converted to unnormalized as part of image operations, and certain steps are only performed on normalized coordinates. The array layer coordinate is always treated as unnormalized even when other coordinates are normalized.

Normalized texel coordinates are referred to as (s,t,r,q,a), with the coordinates having the following meanings:

- s: Coordinate in the first dimension of an image.

- t: Coordinate in the second dimension of an image.

- r: Coordinate in the third dimension of an image.

  - (s,t,r) are interpreted as a direction vector for Cube images.

- q: Fourth coordinate, for homogeneous (projective) coordinates.

- a: Coordinate for array layer.

The coordinates are extracted from the SPIR-V operand based on the dimensionality of the image variable and type of instruction. For `Proj` instructions, the components are in order (s, [t,] [r,] q), with t and r being conditionally present based on the `Dim` of the image. For non-`Proj` instructions, the coordinates are (s [,t] [,r] [,a]), with t and r being conditionally present based on the `Dim` of the image and a being conditionally present based on the `Arrayed` property of the image. Projective image instructions are not supported on `Arrayed` images.

Unnormalized texel coordinates are referred to as (u,v,w,a), with the coordinates having the following meanings:

- u: Coordinate in the first dimension of an image.

- v: Coordinate in the second dimension of an image.

- w: Coordinate in the third dimension of an image.

- a: Coordinate for array layer.

Only the u and v coordinates are directly extracted from the SPIR-V operand, because only 1D and 2D (non-`Arrayed`) dimensionalities support unnormalized coordinates. The components are in order (u [,v]), with v being conditionally present when the dimensionality is 2D. When normalized coordinates are converted to unnormalized coordinates, all four coordinates are used.

Integer texel coordinates are referred to as (i,j,k,l,n), with the coordinates having the following meanings:

- i: Coordinate in the first dimension of an image.

- j: Coordinate in the second dimension of an image.

- k: Coordinate in the third dimension of an image.

- l: Coordinate for array layer.

- n: Index of the sample within the texel.

They are extracted from the SPIR-V operand in order (i [,j] [,k] [,l] [,n]), with j and k conditionally present based on the `Dim` of the image, and l conditionally present based on the `Arrayed` property of the image. n is conditionally present and is taken from the `Sample` image operand.

For all coordinate types, unused coordinates are assigned a value of zero.

Figure 3. Texel Coordinate Systems, Linear Filtering

The Texel Coordinate Systems - For the example shown of an 8×4 texel two dimensional image.

- Normalized texel coordinates:

  - The s coordinate goes from 0.0 to 1.0.

  - The t coordinate goes from 0.0 to 1.0.

- Unnormalized texel coordinates:

  - The u coordinate within the range 0.0 to 8.0 is within the image, otherwise it is outside the image.

  - The v coordinate within the range 0.0 to 4.0 is within the image, otherwise it is outside the image.

- Integer texel coordinates:

  - The i coordinate within the range 0 to 7 addresses texels within the image, otherwise it is outside the image.

  - The j coordinate within the range 0 to 3 addresses texels within the image, otherwise it is outside the image.

- Also shown for linear filtering:

  - Given the unnormalized coordinates (u,v), the four texels selected are i0j0, i1j0, i0j1, and i1j1.

  - The fractions α and β.

  - Given the offset Δi and Δj, the four texels selected by the offset are i0j'0, i1j'0, i0j'1, and i1j'1.

| Note For formats with reduced-resolution components, Δi and Δj are relative to the resolution of the highest-resolution component, and therefore may be divided by two relative to the unnormalized coordinate space of the lower-resolution components.

Figure 4. Texel Coordinate Systems, Nearest Filtering

The Texel Coordinate Systems - For the example shown of an 8×4 texel two dimensional image.

- Texel coordinates as above. Also shown for nearest filtering:

  - Given the unnormalized coordinates (u,v), the texel selected is ij.

  - Given the offset Δi and Δj, the texel selected by the offset is ij'.

### 16.2. Conversion Formulas

| editing-note (Bill) These Conversion Formulas will likely move to Section 2.7 Fixed-Point Data Conversions (RGB to sRGB and sRGB to RGB) and section 2.6 Numeric Representation and Computation (RGB to Shared Exponent and Shared Exponent to RGB)

#### 16.2.1. RGB to Shared Exponent Conversion

An RGB color (red, green, blue) is transformed to a shared exponent color (redshared, greenshared, blueshared, expshared) as follows:

First, the components (red, green, blue) are clamped to (redclamped, greenclamped, blueclamped) as:

  redclamped = max(0, min(sharedexpmax, red))

  greenclamped = max(0, min(sharedexpmax, green))

  blueclamped = max(0, min(sharedexpmax, blue))

where:

N B E m a x​s h a r e d e x p m a x​​=9=1 5=3 1=2 N(2 N−1)​×2(E m a x​−B)​number of mantissa bits per component exponent bias maximum possible biased exponent value​

| Note NaN, if supported, is handled as in IEEE 754-2008 `minNum()` and `maxNum()`. This results in any NaN being mapped to zero.

The largest clamped component, maxclamped is determined:

  maxclamped = max(redclamped, greenclamped, blueclamped)

A preliminary shared exponent exp' is computed:

e x p′={⌊log 2​(m a x c l a m p e d​)⌋+(B+1)0​for m a x c l a m p e d​>2−(B+1)for m a x c l a m p e d​≤2−(B+1)​​

The shared exponent expshared is computed:

m a x s h a r e d​=⌊2(e x p′−B−N)m a x c l a m p e d​​+2 1​⌋​
e x p s h a r e d​={e x p′e x p′+1​for 0≤m a x s h a r e d​<2 N for m a x s h a r e d​=2 N​​

Finally, three integer values in the range 0 to 2N are computed:

r e d s h a r e d​g r e e n s h a r e d​b l u e s h a r e d​​=⌊2(e x p s h a r e d​−B−N)r e d c l a m p e d​​+2 1​⌋=⌊2(e x p s h a r e d​−B−N)g r e e n c l a m p e d​​+2 1​⌋=⌊2(e x p s h a r e d​−B−N)b l u e c l a m p e d​​+2 1​⌋​

#### 16.2.2. Shared Exponent to RGB

A shared exponent color (redshared, greenshared, blueshared, expshared) is transformed to an RGB color (red, green, blue) as follows:

  r e d=r e d s h a r e d​×2(e x p s h a r e d​−B−N)

  g r e e n=g r e e n s h a r e d​×2(e x p s h a r e d​−B−N)

  b l u e=b l u e s h a r e d​×2(e x p s h a r e d​−B−N)

where:

  N = 9 (number of mantissa bits per component)

  B = 15 (exponent bias)

### 16.3. Texel Input Operations

Texel input instructions are SPIR-V image instructions that read from an image. Texel input operations are a set of steps that are performed on state, coordinates, and texel values while processing a texel input instruction, and which are common to some or all texel input instructions. They include the following steps, which are performed in the listed order:

- Validation operations

  - Instruction/Sampler/Image validation

  - Coordinate validation

  - Sparse validation

  - Layout validation

- Format conversion

- Texel replacement

- Depth comparison

- Conversion to RGBA

- Component swizzle

- Chroma reconstruction

- Y′CBCR conversion

For texel input instructions involving multiple texels (for sampling or gathering), these steps are applied for each texel that is used in the instruction. Depending on the type of image instruction, other steps are conditionally performed between these steps or involving multiple coordinate or texel values.

If Chroma Reconstruction is implicit, Texel Filtering instead takes place during chroma reconstruction, before sampler Y′CBCR conversion occurs.

#### 16.3.1. Texel Input Validation Operations

Texel input validation operations inspect instruction/image/sampler state or coordinates, and in certain circumstances cause the texel value to be replaced or become undefined. There are a series of validations that the texel undergoes.

##### Instruction/Sampler/Image View Validation

There are a number of cases where a SPIR-V instruction can mismatch with the sampler, the image view, or both, and a number of further cases where the sampler can mismatch with the image view. In such cases the value of the texel returned is undefined.

These cases include:

- The sampler `borderColor` is an integer type and the image view `format` is not one of the VkFormat integer types or a stencil component of a depth/stencil format.

- The sampler `borderColor` is a float type and the image view `format` is not one of the VkFormat float types or a depth component of a depth/stencil format.

- The sampler `borderColor` is one of the opaque black colors (`VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_BLACK` or `VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK`) and the image view VkComponentSwizzle for any of the VkComponentMapping components is not the identity swizzle.

- The VkImageLayout of any subresource in the image view does not match the VkDescriptorImageInfo::`imageLayout` used to write the image descriptor.

- The SPIR-V Image Format is not compatible with the image view’s `format`.

- The sampler `unnormalizedCoordinates` is `VK_TRUE` and any of the limitations of unnormalized coordinates are violated.

- The SPIR-V instruction is one of the `OpImage*Dref*` instructions and the sampler `compareEnable` is `VK_FALSE`

- The SPIR-V instruction is not one of the `OpImage*Dref*` instructions and the sampler `compareEnable` is `VK_TRUE`

- The SPIR-V instruction is one of the `OpImage*Dref*` instructions, the image view `format` is one of the depth/stencil formats, and the image view aspect is not `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT`.

- The SPIR-V instruction’s image variable’s properties are not compatible with the image view:

  - Rules for `viewType`:

    - `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D` must have `Dim` = 1D, `Arrayed` = 0, `MS` = 0.

    - `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D` must have `Dim` = 2D, `Arrayed` = 0.

    - `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D` must have `Dim` = 3D, `Arrayed` = 0, `MS` = 0.

    - `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE` must have `Dim` = Cube, `Arrayed` = 0, `MS` = 0.

    - `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY` must have `Dim` = 1D, `Arrayed` = 1, `MS` = 0.

    - `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` must have `Dim` = 2D, `Arrayed` = 1.

    - `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY` must have `Dim` = Cube, `Arrayed` = 1, `MS` = 0.

  - If the image was created with VkImageCreateInfo::`samples` equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, the instruction must have `MS` = 0.

  - If the image was created with VkImageCreateInfo::`samples` not equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, the instruction must have `MS` = 1.

  - If the `Sampled` `Type` of the `OpTypeImage` does not match the numeric format of the image, as shown in the SPIR-V Sampled Type column of the Interpretation of Numeric Format table.

  - If the signedness of any read or sample operation does not match the signedness of the image’s format.

Only `OpImageSample*` and `OpImageSparseSample*` can be used with a sampler or image view that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion.

`OpImageFetch`, `OpImageSparseFetch`, `OpImage*Gather`, and `OpImageSparse*Gather` must not be used with a sampler or image view that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion.

The `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands must not be used with a sampler or image view that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion.

##### Integer Texel Coordinate Validation

Integer texel coordinates are validated against the size of the image level, and the number of layers and number of samples in the image. For SPIR-V instructions that use integer texel coordinates, this is performed directly on the integer coordinates. For instructions that use normalized or unnormalized texel coordinates, this is performed on the coordinates that result after conversion to integer texel coordinates.

If the integer texel coordinates do not satisfy all of the conditions

  0 ≤ i < ws

  0 ≤ j < hs

  0 ≤ k < ds

  0 ≤ l < layers

  0 ≤ n < samples

where:

  ws = width of the image level

  hs = height of the image level

  ds = depth of the image level

  layers = number of layers in the image

  samples = number of samples per texel in the image

then the texel fails integer texel coordinate validation.

There are four cases to consider:

1. Valid Texel Coordinates

   - If the texel coordinates pass validation (that is, the coordinates lie within the image),

   then the texel value comes from the value in image memory.

2. Border Texel

   - If the texel coordinates fail validation, and

   - If the read is the result of an image sample instruction or image gather instruction, and

   - If the image is not a cube image,

   then the texel is a border texel and texel replacement is performed.

3. Invalid Texel

   - If the texel coordinates fail validation, and

   - If the read is the result of an image fetch instruction, image read instruction, or atomic instruction,

   then the texel is an invalid texel and texel replacement is performed.

4. Cube Map Edge or Corner

   Otherwise the texel coordinates lie beyond the edges or corners of the selected cube map face, and Cube map edge handling is performed.

##### Cube Map Edge Handling

If the texel coordinates lie beyond the edges or corners of the selected cube map face, the following steps are performed. Note that this does not occur when using `VK_FILTER_NEAREST` filtering within a mip level, since `VK_FILTER_NEAREST` is treated as using `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE`.

- Cube Map Edge Texel

  - If the texel lies beyond the selected cube map face in either only i or only j, then the coordinates (i,j) and the array layer l are transformed to select the adjacent texel from the appropriate neighboring face.

- Cube Map Corner Texel

  - If the texel lies beyond the selected cube map face in both i and j, then there is no unique neighboring face from which to read that texel. The texel should be replaced by the average of the three values of the adjacent texels in each incident face. However, implementations may replace the cube map corner texel by other methods. The methods are subject to the constraint that if the three available texels have the same value, the resulting filtered texel must have that value.

##### Sparse Validation

If the texel reads from an unbound region of a sparse image, the texel is a sparse unbound texel, and processing continues with texel replacement.

##### Layout Validation

If all planes of a disjoint multi-planar image are not in the same image layout, the image must not be sampled with sampler Y′CBCR conversion enabled.

#### 16.3.2. Format Conversion

Texels undergo a format conversion from the VkFormat of the image view to a vector of either floating point or signed or unsigned integer components, with the number of components based on the number of components present in the format.

- Color formats have one, two, three, or four components, according to the format.

- Depth/stencil formats are one component. The depth or stencil component is selected by the `aspectMask` of the image view.

Each component is converted based on its type and size (as defined in the Format Definition section for each VkFormat), using the appropriate equations in 16-Bit Floating-Point Numbers, Unsigned 11-Bit Floating-Point Numbers, Unsigned 10-Bit Floating-Point Numbers, Fixed-Point Data Conversion, and Shared Exponent to RGB. Signed integer components smaller than 32 bits are sign-extended.

If the image view format is sRGB, the color components are first converted as if they are UNORM, and then sRGB to linear conversion is applied to the R, G, and B components as described in the “sRGB EOTF” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification. The A component, if present, is unchanged.

If the image view format is block-compressed, then the texel value is first decoded, then converted based on the type and number of components defined by the compressed format.

#### 16.3.3. Texel Replacement

A texel is replaced if it is one (and only one) of:

- a border texel,

- an invalid texel, or

- a sparse unbound texel.

Border texels are replaced with a value based on the image format and the `borderColor` of the sampler. The border color is:

Table 14. Border Color B
Sampler `borderColor` | Corresponding Border Color
--- | ---
`VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK` | [Br, Bg, Bb, Ba] = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
`VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_BLACK` | [Br, Bg, Bb, Ba] = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]
`VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE` | [Br, Bg, Bb, Ba] = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
`VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK` | [Br, Bg, Bb, Ba] = [0, 0, 0, 0]
`VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK` | [Br, Bg, Bb, Ba] = [0, 0, 0, 1]
`VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_WHITE` | [Br, Bg, Bb, Ba] = [1, 1, 1, 1]

| Note The names `VK_BORDER_COLOR_*_TRANSPARENT_BLACK`, `VK_BORDER_COLOR_*_OPAQUE_BLACK`, and `VK_BORDER_COLOR_*_OPAQUE_WHITE` are meant to describe which components are zeros and ones in the vocabulary of compositing, and are not meant to imply that the numerical value of `VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_WHITE` is a saturating value for integers.

This is substituted for the texel value by replacing the number of components in the image format

Table 15. Border Texel Components After Replacement
Texel Aspect or Format | Component Assignment
--- | ---
Depth aspect | D = Br
Stencil aspect | S = Br
One component color format | Colorr = Br
Two component color format | [Colorr,Colorg] = [Br,Bg]
Three component color format | [Colorr,Colorg,Colorb] = [Br,Bg,Bb]
Four component color format | [Colorr,Colorg,Colorb,Colora] = [Br,Bg,Bb,Ba]

The value returned by a read of an invalid texel is undefined, unless that read operation is from a buffer resource and the `robustBufferAccess` feature is enabled. In that case, an invalid texel is replaced as described by the `robustBufferAccess` feature. If the access is to an image resource and the x, y, z, or layer coordinate validation fails and `robustImageAccess` is enabled then zero must be returned for the R, G, and B components, if present. Either zero or one must be returned for the A component, if present. If only the sample index was invalid, the values returned are undefined.

Additionally, if `robustImageAccess` is enabled, any invalid texels may be expanded to four components prior to texel replacement. This means that components not present in the image format may be replaced with 0 or may undergo conversion to RGBA as normal.

If the VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties::`residencyNonResidentStrict` property is `VK_TRUE`, a sparse unbound texel is replaced with 0 or 0.0 values for integer and floating-point components of the image format, respectively.

If `residencyNonResidentStrict` is `VK_FALSE`, the value of the sparse unbound texel is undefined.

#### 16.3.4. Depth Compare Operation

If the image view has a depth/stencil format, the depth component is selected by the `aspectMask`, and the operation is an `OpImage*Dref*` instruction, a depth comparison is performed. The value of the result D is 1.0 if the result of the compare operation is true, and 0.0 otherwise. The compare operation is selected by the `compareOp` member of the sampler.

D D​=1.0=0.0​⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​D ref​≤D tex​D ref​≥D tex​D ref​<D tex​D ref​>D tex​D ref​=D tex​D ref​​=D tex​true false​for LEQUAL for GEQUAL for LESS for GREATER for EQUAL for NOTEQUAL for ALWAYS for NEVER​otherwise​

where Dtex is the texel depth value and Dref is the reference value from the SPIR-V operand. If the image being sampled has a fixed-point format then the reference value is clamped to [0, 1] before the comparison operation.

#### 16.3.5. Conversion to RGBA

The texel is expanded from one, two, or three components to four components based on the image base color:

Table 16. Texel Color After Conversion To RGBA
Texel Aspect or Format | RGBA Color
--- | ---
Depth aspect | [Colorr,Colorg,Colorb, Colora] = [D,0,0,one]
Stencil aspect | [Colorr,Colorg,Colorb, Colora] = [S,0,0,one]
One component color format | [Colorr,Colorg,Colorb, Colora] = [Colorr,0,0,one]
Two component color format | [Colorr,Colorg,Colorb, Colora] = [Colorr,Colorg,0,one]
Three component color format | [Colorr,Colorg,Colorb, Colora] = [Colorr,Colorg,Colorb,one]
Four component color format | [Colorr,Colorg,Colorb, Colora] = [Colorr,Colorg,Colorb,Colora]

where one = 1.0f for floating-point formats and depth aspects, and one = 1 for integer formats and stencil aspects.

#### 16.3.6. Component Swizzle

All texel input instructions apply a swizzle based on:

- the VkComponentSwizzle enums in the `components` member of the VkImageViewCreateInfo structure for the image being read if sampler Y′CBCR conversion is not enabled, and

- the VkComponentSwizzle enums in the `components` member of the VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo structure for the sampler Y′CBCR conversion if sampler Y′CBCR conversion is enabled.

The swizzle can rearrange the components of the texel, or substitute zero or one for any components. It is defined as follows for each color component:

C o l o r c o m p o n e n t′​​=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​C o l o r r​C o l o r g​C o l o r b​C o l o r a​0 o n e i d e n t i t y​for RED swizzle for GREEN swizzle for BLUE swizzle for ALPHA swizzle for ZERO swizzle for ONE swizzle for IDENTITY swizzle​​

where:

o n e i d e n t i t y​={​1.0 f 1​for floating point components for integer components​=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​​C o l o r r​C o l o r g​C o l o r b​C o l o r a​​for c o m p o n e n t=r for c o m p o n e n t=g for c o m p o n e n t=b for c o m p o n e n t=a​​

If the border color is one of the `VK_BORDER_COLOR_*_OPAQUE_BLACK` enums and the VkComponentSwizzle is not the identity swizzle for all components, the value of the texel after swizzle is undefined.

#### 16.3.7. Sparse Residency

`OpImageSparse*` instructions return a structure which includes a residency code indicating whether any texels accessed by the instruction are sparse unbound texels. This code can be interpreted by the `OpImageSparseTexelsResident` instruction which converts the residency code to a boolean value.

#### 16.3.8. Chroma Reconstruction

In some color models, the color representation is defined in terms of monochromatic light intensity (often called “luma”) and color differences relative to this intensity, often called “chroma”. It is common for color models other than RGB to represent the chroma components at lower spatial resolution than the luma component. This approach is used to take advantage of the eye’s lower spatial sensitivity to color compared with its sensitivity to brightness. Less commonly, the same approach is used with additive color, since the green component dominates the eye’s sensitivity to light intensity and the spatial sensitivity to color introduced by red and blue is lower.

Lower-resolution components are “downsampled” by resizing them to a lower spatial resolution than the component representing luminance. This process is also commonly known as “chroma subsampling”. There is one luminance sample in each texture texel, but each chrominance sample may be shared among several texels in one or both texture dimensions.

- “`_444`” formats do not spatially downsample chroma values compared with luma: there are unique chroma samples for each texel.

- “`_422`” formats have downsampling in the x dimension (corresponding to u or s coordinates): they are sampled at half the resolution of luma in that dimension.

- “`_420`” formats have downsampling in the x dimension (corresponding to u or s coordinates) and the y dimension (corresponding to v or t coordinates): they are sampled at half the resolution of luma in both dimensions.

The process of reconstructing a full color value for texture access involves accessing both chroma and luma values at the same location. To generate the color accurately, the values of the lower-resolution components at the location of the luma samples must be reconstructed from the lower-resolution sample locations, an operation known here as “chroma reconstruction” irrespective of the actual color model.

The location of the chroma samples relative to the luma coordinates is determined by the `xChromaOffset` and `yChromaOffset` members of the VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo structure used to create the sampler Y′CBCR conversion.

The following diagrams show the relationship between unnormalized (u,v) coordinates and (i,j) integer texel positions in the luma component (shown in black, with circles showing integer sample positions) and the texel coordinates of reduced-resolution chroma components, shown as crosses in red.

| Note If the chroma values are reconstructed at the locations of the luma samples by means of interpolation, chroma samples from outside the image bounds are needed; these are determined according to Wrapping Operation. These diagrams represent this by showing the bounds of the “chroma texel” extending beyond the image bounds, and including additional chroma sample positions where required for interpolation. The limits of a sample for `NEAREST` sampling is shown as a grid.

Figure 5. 422 downsampling, xChromaOffset=COSITED_EVEN
Figure 6. 422 downsampling, xChromaOffset=MIDPOINT
Figure 7. 420 downsampling, xChromaOffset=COSITED_EVEN, yChromaOffset=COSITED_EVEN
Figure 8. 420 downsampling, xChromaOffset=MIDPOINT, yChromaOffset=COSITED_EVEN
Figure 9. 420 downsampling, xChromaOffset=COSITED_EVEN, yChromaOffset=MIDPOINT
Figure 10. 420 downsampling, xChromaOffset=MIDPOINT, yChromaOffset=MIDPOINT

Reconstruction is implemented in one of two ways:

If the format of the image that is to be sampled sets `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT`, or the VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo’s `forceExplicitReconstruction` is set to `VK_TRUE`, reconstruction is performed as an explicit step independent of filtering, described in the Explicit Reconstruction section.

If the format of the image that is to be sampled does not set `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT` and if the VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo’s `forceExplicitReconstruction` is set to `VK_FALSE`, reconstruction is performed as an implicit part of filtering prior to color model conversion, with no separate post-conversion texel filtering step, as described in the Implicit Reconstruction section.

##### Explicit Reconstruction

- If the `chromaFilter` member of the VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo structure is `VK_FILTER_NEAREST`:

  - If the format’s R and B components are reduced in resolution in just width by a factor of two relative to the G component (i.e. this is a “`_422`” format), the τ i j k​[l e v e l] values accessed by texel filtering are reconstructed as follows:

    τ R′​(i,j)τ B′​(i,j)​=τ R​(⌊i×0.5⌋,j)[l e v e l]=τ B​(⌊i×0.5⌋,j)[l e v e l]​

  - If the format’s R and B components are reduced in resolution in width and height by a factor of two relative to the G component (i.e. this is a “`_420`” format), the τ i j k​[l e v e l] values accessed by texel filtering are reconstructed as follows:

    τ R′​(i,j)τ B′​(i,j)​=τ R​(⌊i×0.5⌋,⌊j×0.5⌋)[l e v e l]=τ B​(⌊i×0.5⌋,⌊j×0.5⌋)[l e v e l]​

    | Note `xChromaOffset` and `yChromaOffset` have no effect if `chromaFilter` is `VK_FILTER_NEAREST` for explicit reconstruction.

- If the `chromaFilter` member of the VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo structure is `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`:

  - If the format’s R and B components are reduced in resolution in just width by a factor of two relative to the G component (i.e. this is a “`_422`” format):

    - If `xChromaOffset` is `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN`:

      τ R B′​(i,j)=⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧​τ R B​(⌊i×0.5⌋,j)[l e v e l],0.5×τ R B​(⌊i×0.5⌋,j)[l e v e l]+0.5×τ R B​(⌊i×0.5⌋+1,j)[l e v e l],​0.5×i=⌊0.5×i⌋0.5×i​=⌊0.5×i⌋​

    - If `xChromaOffset` is `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT`:

      τ R B′​(i,j)=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​0.2 5×τ R B​(⌊i×0.5⌋−1,j)[l e v e l]+0.7 5×τ R B​(⌊i×0.5⌋,j)[l e v e l],0.7 5×τ R B​(⌊i×0.5⌋,j)[l e v e l]+0.2 5×τ R B​(⌊i×0.5⌋+1,j)[l e v e l],​0.5×i=⌊0.5×i⌋0.5×i​=⌊0.5×i⌋​

  - If the format’s R and B components are reduced in resolution in width and height by a factor of two relative to the G component (i.e. this is a “`_420`” format), a similar relationship applies. Due to the number of options, these formulae are expressed more concisely as follows:

    i R B​j R B​i f l o o r​j f l o o r​i f r a c​j f r a c​​={0.5×(i)0.5×(i−0.5)​xChromaOffset = COSITED_EVEN xChromaOffset = MIDPOINT​={0.5×(j)0.5×(j−0.5)​yChromaOffset = COSITED_EVEN yChromaOffset = MIDPOINT​=⌊i R B​⌋=⌊j R B​⌋=i R B​−i f l o o r​=j R B​−j f l o o r​​
    τ R B′​(i,j)=​τ R B​(i f l o o r​,j f l o o r​)[l e v e l]τ R B​(1+i f l o o r​,j f l o o r​)[l e v e l]τ R B​(i f l o o r​,1+j f l o o r​)[l e v e l]τ R B​(1+i f l o o r​,1+j f l o o r​)[l e v e l]​××××​(1−i f r a c​)(i f r a c​)(1−i f r a c​)(i f r a c​)​​××××​(1−j f r a c​)(1−j f r a c​)(j f r a c​)(j f r a c​)​+++​

| Note In the case where the texture itself is bilinearly interpolated as described in Texel Filtering, thus requiring four full-color samples for the filtering operation, and where the reconstruction of these samples uses bilinear interpolation in the chroma components due to `chromaFilter`=`VK_FILTER_LINEAR`, up to nine chroma samples may be required, depending on the sample location.

##### Implicit Reconstruction

Implicit reconstruction takes place by the samples being interpolated, as required by the filter settings of the sampler, except that `chromaFilter` takes precedence for the chroma samples.

If `chromaFilter` is `VK_FILTER_NEAREST`, an implementation may behave as if `xChromaOffset` and `yChromaOffset` were both `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT`, irrespective of the values set.

| Note This will not have any visible effect if the locations of the luma samples coincide with the location of the samples used for rasterization.

The sample coordinates are adjusted by the downsample factor of the component (such that, for example, the sample coordinates are divided by two if the component has a downsample factor of two relative to the luma component):

u R B′​(4 2 2/4 2 0)v R B′​(4 2 0)​={0.5×(u+0.5),0.5×u,​xChromaOffset = COSITED_EVEN xChromaOffset = MIDPOINT​={0.5×(v+0.5),0.5×v,​yChromaOffset = COSITED_EVEN yChromaOffset = MIDPOINT​​

#### 16.3.9. Sampler Y′CBCR Conversion

Sampler Y′CBCR conversion performs the following operations, which an implementation may combine into a single mathematical operation:

- Sampler Y′CBCR Range Expansion

- Sampler Y′CBCR Model Conversion

##### Sampler Y′CBCR Range Expansion

Sampler Y′CBCR range expansion is applied to color component values after all texel input operations which are not specific to sampler Y′CBCR conversion. For example, the input values to this stage have been converted using the normal format conversion rules.

Sampler Y′CBCR range expansion is not applied if `ycbcrModel` is `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_RGB_IDENTITY`. That is, the shader receives the vector C'rgba as output by the Component Swizzle stage without further modification.

For other values of `ycbcrModel`, range expansion is applied to the texel component values output by the Component Swizzle defined by the `components` member of VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo. Range expansion applies independently to each component of the image. For the purposes of range expansion and Y′CBCR model conversion, the R and B components contain color difference (chroma) values and the G component contains luma. The A component is not modified by sampler Y′CBCR range expansion.

The range expansion to be applied is defined by the `ycbcrRange` member of the VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo structure:

- If `ycbcrRange` is `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_FULL`, the following transformations are applied:

  Y′C B​C R​​=C r g b a′​[G]=C r g b a′​[B]−(2 n)−1 2(n−1)​=C r g b a′​[R]−(2 n)−1 2(n−1)​​

  | Note These formulae correspond to the “full range” encoding in the “Quantization schemes” chapter of the Khronos Data Format Specification. Should any future amendments be made to the ITU specifications from which these equations are derived, the formulae used by Vulkan may also be updated to maintain parity.

- If `ycbcrRange` is `VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_RANGE_ITU_NARROW`, the following transformations are applied:

  Y′C B​C R​​=2 1 9×2 n−8 C r g b a′​[G]×(2 n−1)−1 6×2 n−8​=2 2 4×2 n−8 C r g b a′​[B]×(2 n−1)−1 2 8×2 n−8​=2 2 4×2 n−8 C r g b a′​[R]×(2 n−1)−1 2 8×2 n−8​​

  | Note These formulae correspond to the “narrow range” encoding in the “Quantization schemes” chapter of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

- n is the bit-depth of the components in the format.

The precision of the operations performed during range expansion must be at least that of the source format.

An implementation may clamp the results of these range expansion operations such that Y′ falls in the range [0,1], and/or such that CB and CR fall in the range [-0.5,0.5].

##### Sampler Y′CBCR Model Conversion

The range-expanded values are converted between color models, according to the color model conversion specified in the `ycbcrModel` member:

`VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_RGB_IDENTITY`

  The color components are not modified by the color model conversion since they are assumed already to represent the desired color model in which the shader is operating; Y′CBCR range expansion is also ignored.

`VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_IDENTITY`

  The color components are not modified by the color model conversion and are assumed to be treated as though in Y′CBCR form both in memory and in the shader; Y′CBCR range expansion is applied to the components as for other Y′CBCR models, with the vector (CR,Y′,CB,A) provided to the shader.

`VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_709`

  The color components are transformed from a Y′CBCR representation to an R′G′B′ representation as described in the “BT.709 Y′CBCR conversion” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

`VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_601`

  The color components are transformed from a Y′CBCR representation to an R′G′B′ representation as described in the “BT.601 Y′CBCR conversion” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

`VK_SAMPLER_YCBCR_MODEL_CONVERSION_YCBCR_2020`

  The color components are transformed from a Y′CBCR representation to an R′G′B′ representation as described in the “BT.2020 Y′CBCR conversion” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

In this operation, each output component is dependent on each input component.

An implementation may clamp the R′G′B′ results of these conversions to the range [0,1].

The precision of the operations performed during model conversion must be at least that of the source format.

The alpha component is not modified by these model conversions.

| Note Sampling operations in a non-linear color space can introduce color and intensity shifts at sharp transition boundaries. To avoid this issue, the technically precise color correction sequence described in the “Introduction to Color Conversions” chapter of the Khronos Data Format Specification may be performed as follows: Calculate the unnormalized texel coordinates corresponding to the desired sample position. For a `minFilter` or `magFilter` of `VK_FILTER_NEAREST`: Calculate (i,j) for the sample location as described under the “nearest filtering” formulae in (u,v,w,a) to (i,j,k,l,n) Transformation And Array Layer Selection Calculate the normalized texel coordinates corresponding to these integer coordinates. Sample using sampler Y′CBCR conversion at this location. For a `minFilter` or `magFilter` of `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`: Calculate (i[0,1],j[0,1]) for the sample location as described under the “linear filtering” formulae in (u,v,w,a) to (i,j,k,l,n) Transformation And Array Layer Selection Calculate the normalized texel coordinates corresponding to these integer coordinates. Sample using sampler Y′CBCR conversion at each of these locations. Convert the non-linear A′R′G′B′ outputs of the Y′CBCR conversions to linear ARGB values as described in the “Transfer Functions” chapter of the Khronos Data Format Specification. Interpolate the linear ARGB values using the α and β values described in the “linear filtering” section of (u,v,w,a) to (i,j,k,l,n) Transformation And Array Layer Selection and the equations in Texel Filtering. The additional calculations and, especially, additional number of sampling operations in the `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` case can be expected to have a performance impact compared with using the outputs directly. Since the variations from “correct” results are subtle for most content, the application author should determine whether a more costly implementation is strictly necessary. If `chromaFilter`, and `minFilter` or `magFilter` are both `VK_FILTER_NEAREST`, these operations are redundant and sampling using sampler Y′CBCR conversion at the desired sample coordinates will produce the “correct” results without further processing.

### 16.4. Texel Output Operations

Texel output instructions are SPIR-V image instructions that write to an image. Texel output operations are a set of steps that are performed on state, coordinates, and texel values while processing a texel output instruction, and which are common to some or all texel output instructions. They include the following steps, which are performed in the listed order:

- Validation operations

  - Format validation

  - Type validation

  - Coordinate validation

  - Sparse validation

- Texel output format conversion

#### 16.4.1. Texel Output Validation Operations

Texel output validation operations inspect instruction/image state or coordinates, and in certain circumstances cause the write to have no effect. There are a series of validations that the texel undergoes.

##### Texel Format Validation

If the image format of the `OpTypeImage` is not compatible with the `VkImageView`’s `format`, the write causes the contents of the image’s memory to become undefined.

##### Texel Type Validation

If the `Sampled` `Type` of the `OpTypeImage` does not match the type defined for the format, as specified in the SPIR-V Sampled Type column of the Interpretation of Numeric Format table, the write causes the value of the texel to become undefined. For integer types, if the signedness of the access does not match the signedness of the accessed resource, the write causes the value of the texel to become undefined.

#### 16.4.2. Integer Texel Coordinate Validation

The integer texel coordinates are validated according to the same rules as for texel input coordinate validation.

If the texel fails integer texel coordinate validation, then the write has no effect.

#### 16.4.3. Sparse Texel Operation

If the texel attempts to write to an unbound region of a sparse image, the texel is a sparse unbound texel. In such a case, if the VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties::`residencyNonResidentStrict` property is `VK_TRUE`, the sparse unbound texel write has no effect. If `residencyNonResidentStrict` is `VK_FALSE`, the write may have a side effect that becomes visible to other accesses to unbound texels in any resource, but will not be visible to any device memory allocated by the application.

#### 16.4.4. Texel Output Format Conversion

If the image format is sRGB, a linear to sRGB conversion is applied to the R, G, and B components as described in the “sRGB EOTF” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification. The A component, if present, is unchanged.

Texels then undergo a format conversion from the floating point, signed, or unsigned integer type of the texel data to the VkFormat of the image view. If the number of components in the texel data is larger than the number of components in the format, additional components are discarded.

Each component is converted based on its type and size (as defined in the Format Definition section for each VkFormat). Floating-point outputs are converted as described in Floating-Point Format Conversions and Fixed-Point Data Conversion. Integer outputs are converted such that their value is preserved. The converted value of any integer that cannot be represented in the target format is undefined.

### 16.5. Normalized Texel Coordinate Operations

If the image sampler instruction provides normalized texel coordinates, some of the following operations are performed.

#### 16.5.1. Projection Operation

For `Proj` image operations, the normalized texel coordinates (s,t,r,q,a) and (if present) the Dref coordinate are transformed as follows:

s t r D ref​​=q s​,=q t​,=q r​,=q D ref​​,​for 1D, 2D, or 3D image for 2D or 3D image for 3D image if provided​

#### 16.5.2. Derivative Image Operations

Derivatives are used for LOD selection. These derivatives are either implicit (in an `ImplicitLod` image instruction in a fragment shader) or explicit (provided explicitly by shader to the image instruction in any shader).

For implicit derivatives image instructions, the derivatives of texel coordinates are calculated in the same manner as derivative operations. That is:

∂s/∂x∂t/∂x∂r/∂x​=d P d x(s),=d P d x(t),=d P d x(r),​∂s/∂y∂t/∂y∂r/∂y​=d P d y(s),=d P d y(t),=d P d y(r),​for 1D, 2D, Cube, or 3D image for 2D, Cube, or 3D image for Cube or 3D image​

Partial derivatives not defined above for certain image dimensionalities are set to zero.

For explicit LOD image instructions, if the optional SPIR-V operand `Grad` is provided, then the operand values are used for the derivatives. The number of components present in each derivative for a given image dimensionality matches the number of partial derivatives computed above.

If the optional SPIR-V operand `Lod` is provided, then derivatives are set to zero, the cube map derivative transformation is skipped, and the scale factor operation is skipped. Instead, the floating point scalar coordinate is directly assigned to λbase as described in Level-of-Detail Operation.

If the image or sampler object used by an implicit derivative image instruction is not uniform across the quad and `quadDivergentImplicitLod` is not supported, then the derivative and LOD values are undefined. Implicit derivatives are well-defined when the image and sampler and control flow are uniform across the quad, even if they diverge between different quads.

If `quadDivergentImplicitLod` is supported, then derivatives and implicit LOD values are well-defined even if the image or sampler object are not uniform within a quad. The derivatives are computed as specified above, and the implicit LOD calculation proceeds for each shader invocation using its respective image and sampler object.

#### 16.5.3. Cube Map Face Selection and Transformations

For cube map image instructions, the (s,t,r) coordinates are treated as a direction vector (rx,ry,rz). The direction vector is used to select a cube map face. The direction vector is transformed to a per-face texel coordinate system (sface,tface), The direction vector is also used to transform the derivatives to per-face derivatives.

#### 16.5.4. Cube Map Face Selection

The direction vector selects one of the cube map’s faces based on the largest magnitude coordinate direction (the major axis direction). Since two or more coordinates can have identical magnitude, the implementation must have rules to disambiguate this situation.

The rules should have as the first rule that rz wins over ry and rx, and the second rule that ry wins over rx. An implementation may choose other rules, but the rules must be deterministic and depend only on (rx,ry,rz).

The layer number (corresponding to a cube map face), the coordinate selections for sc, tc, rc, and the selection of derivatives, are determined by the major axis direction as specified in the following two tables.

Table 17. Cube map face and coordinate selection
Major Axis Direction | Layer Number | Cube Map Face | sc | tc | rc
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
+rx | 0 | Positive X | -rz | -ry | rx
-rx | 1 | Negative X | +rz | -ry | rx
+ry | 2 | Positive Y | +rx | +rz | ry
-ry | 3 | Negative Y | +rx | -rz | ry
+rz | 4 | Positive Z | +rx | -ry | rz
-rz | 5 | Negative Z | -rx | -ry | rz

Table 18. Cube map derivative selection
Major Axis Direction | ∂sc / ∂x | ∂sc / ∂y | ∂tc / ∂x | ∂tc / ∂y | ∂rc / ∂x | ∂rc / ∂y
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
+rx | -∂rz / ∂x | -∂rz / ∂y | -∂ry / ∂x | -∂ry / ∂y | +∂rx / ∂x | +∂rx / ∂y
-rx | +∂rz / ∂x | +∂rz / ∂y | -∂ry / ∂x | -∂ry / ∂y | -∂rx / ∂x | -∂rx / ∂y
+ry | +∂rx / ∂x | +∂rx / ∂y | +∂rz / ∂x | +∂rz / ∂y | +∂ry / ∂x | +∂ry / ∂y
-ry | +∂rx / ∂x | +∂rx / ∂y | -∂rz / ∂x | -∂rz / ∂y | -∂ry / ∂x | -∂ry / ∂y
+rz | +∂rx / ∂x | +∂rx / ∂y | -∂ry / ∂x | -∂ry / ∂y | +∂rz / ∂x | +∂rz / ∂y
-rz | -∂rx / ∂x | -∂rx / ∂y | -∂ry / ∂x | -∂ry / ∂y | -∂rz / ∂x | -∂rz / ∂y

#### 16.5.5. Cube Map Coordinate Transformation

s face​t face​​=2 1​×∣r c​∣s c​​+2 1​=2 1​×∣r c​∣t c​​+2 1​​

#### 16.5.6. Cube Map Derivative Transformation

∂x∂s face​​∂x∂s face​​∂x∂s face​​​=∂x∂​(2 1​×∣r c​∣s c​​+2 1​)=2 1​×∂x∂​(∣r c​∣s c​​)=2 1​×((r c​)2∣r c​∣×∂s c​/∂x−s c​×∂r c​/∂x​)​
∂y∂s face​​∂x∂t face​​∂y∂t face​​​=2 1​×((r c​)2∣r c​∣×∂s c​/∂y−s c​×∂r c​/∂y​)=2 1​×((r c​)2∣r c​∣×∂t c​/∂x−t c​×∂r c​/∂x​)=2 1​×((r c​)2∣r c​∣×∂t c​/∂y−t c​×∂r c​/∂y​)​

| editing-note (Bill) Note that we never revisited ARB_texture_cubemap after we introduced dependent texture fetches (ARB_fragment_program and ARB_fragment_shader). The derivatives of sface and tface are only valid for non-dependent texture fetches (pre OpenGL 2.0).

#### 16.5.7. Scale Factor Operation, Level-of-Detail Operation and Image Level(s) Selection

LOD selection can be either explicit (provided explicitly by the image instruction) or implicit (determined from a scale factor calculated from the derivatives). The LOD must be computed with `mipmapPrecisionBits` of accuracy.

##### Scale Factor Operation

The magnitude of the derivatives are calculated by:

  mux = |∂s/∂x| × wbase

  mvx = |∂t/∂x| × hbase

  mwx = |∂r/∂x| × dbase

  muy = |∂s/∂y| × wbase

  mvy = |∂t/∂y| × hbase

  mwy = |∂r/∂y| × dbase

where:

  ∂t/∂x = ∂t/∂y = 0 (for 1D images)

  ∂r/∂x = ∂r/∂y = 0 (for 1D, 2D or Cube images)

and:

  wbase = image.w

  hbase = image.h

  dbase = image.d

(for the `baseMipLevel`, from the image descriptor).

A point sampled in screen space has an elliptical footprint in texture space. The minimum and maximum scale factors (ρmin, ρmax) should be the minor and major axes of this ellipse.

The scale factors ρx and ρy, calculated from the magnitude of the derivatives in x and y, are used to compute the minimum and maximum scale factors.

ρx and ρy may be approximated with functions fx and fy, subject to the following constraints:

​f x​ is continuous and monotonically increasing in each of m u x​,m v x​, and m w x​f y​ is continuous and monotonically increasing in each of m u y​,m v y​, and m w y​​
max(∣m u x​∣,∣m v x​∣,∣m w x​∣)≤f x​≤2
​(∣m u x​∣+∣m v x​∣+∣m w x​∣)max(∣m u y​∣,∣m v y​∣,∣m w y​∣)≤f y​≤2
​(∣m u y​∣+∣m v y​∣+∣m w y​∣)​

| editing-note (Bill) For reviewers only - anticipating questions. We only support implicit derivatives for normalized texel coordinates. So we are documenting the derivatives in s,t,r (normalized texel coordinates) rather than u,v,w (unnormalized texel coordinates) as in OpenGL and OpenGL ES specifications. (I know, u,v,w is the way it has been documented since OpenGL V1.0.) Also there is no reason to have conditional application of wbase, hbase, dbase for rectangle textures either, since they do not support implicit derivatives.

The minimum and maximum scale factors (ρmin,ρmax) are determined by:

  ρmax = max(ρx, ρy)

  ρmin = min(ρx, ρy)

The ratio of anisotropy is determined by:

  η = min(ρmax/ρmin, maxAniso)

where:

  sampler.maxAniso = `maxAnisotropy` (from sampler descriptor)

  limits.maxAniso = `maxSamplerAnisotropy` (from physical device limits)

  maxAniso = min(sampler.maxAniso, limits.maxAniso)

If ρmax = ρmin = 0, then all the partial derivatives are zero, the fragment’s footprint in texel space is a point, and η should be treated as 1. If ρmax ≠ 0 and ρmin = 0 then all partial derivatives along one axis are zero, the fragment’s footprint in texel space is a line segment, and η should be treated as maxAniso. However, anytime the footprint is small in texel space the implementation may use a smaller value of η, even when ρmin is zero or close to zero. If either VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures::`samplerAnisotropy` or VkSamplerCreateInfo::`anisotropyEnable` are `VK_FALSE`, maxAniso is set to 1.

If η = 1, sampling is isotropic. If η > 1, sampling is anisotropic.

The sampling rate (N) is derived as:

  N = ⌈η⌉

An implementation may round N up to the nearest supported sampling rate. An implementation may use the value of N as an approximation of η.

##### Level-of-Detail Operation

The LOD parameter λ is computed as follows:

λ b a s e​(x,y)λ′(x,y)λ​={s h a d e r O p.L o d log 2​(η ρ m a x​​)​(from optional SPIR-V operand)otherwise​=λ b a s e​+c l a m p(s a m p l e r.b i a s+s h a d e r O p.b i a s,−m a x S a m p l e r L o d B i a s,m a x S a m p l e r L o d B i a s)=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​l o d m a x​,λ′,l o d m i n​,undefined,​λ′>l o d m a x​l o d m i n​≤λ′≤l o d m a x​λ′<l o d m i n​l o d m i n​>l o d m a x​​​

where:

s a m p l e r.b i a s s h a d e r O p.b i a s s a m p l e r.l o d m i n​s h a d e r O p.l o d m i n​l o d m i n​l o d m a x​​=m i p L o d B i a s={B i a s 0​(from optional SPIR-V operand)otherwise​=m i n L o d={M i n L o d 0​(from optional SPIR-V operand)otherwise​=max(s a m p l e r.l o d m i n​,s h a d e r O p.l o d m i n​)=m a x L o d​(from sampler descriptor)(from sampler descriptor)(from sampler descriptor)​

and maxSamplerLodBias is the value of the VkPhysicalDeviceLimits feature `maxSamplerLodBias`.

##### Image Level(s) Selection

The image level(s) d, dhi, and dlo which texels are read from are determined by an image-level parameter dl, which is computed based on the LOD parameter, as follows:

d l​={n e a r e s t(d′),d′,​mipmapMode is VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST otherwise​​

where:

d′=l e v e l b a s e​+clamp(λ,0,q)​
n e a r e s t(d′)​={⌈d′+0.5⌉−1,⌊d′+0.5⌋,​preferred alternative​​

and:

l e v e l b a s e​q​=b a s e M i p L e v e l=l e v e l C o u n t−1​

`baseMipLevel` and `levelCount` are taken from the `subresourceRange` of the image view.

If the sampler’s `mipmapMode` is `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST`, then the level selected is d = dl.

If the sampler’s `mipmapMode` is `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR`, two neighboring levels are selected:

d h i​d l o​δ​=⌊d l​⌋=m i n(d h i​+1,q)=d l​−d h i​​

δ is the fractional value, quantized to the number of mipmap precision bits, used for linear filtering between levels.

#### 16.5.8. (s,t,r,q,a) to (u,v,w,a) Transformation

The normalized texel coordinates are scaled by the image level dimensions and the array layer is selected.

This transformation is performed once for each level used in filtering (either d, or dhi and dlo).

u(x,y)v(x,y)w(x,y)a(x,y)​=s(x,y)×w i d t h s c a l e​+Δ i​={0 t(x,y)×h e i g h t s c a l e​+Δ j​​for 1D images otherwise​={0 r(x,y)×d e p t h s c a l e​+Δ k​​for 2D or Cube images otherwise​={a(x,y)0​for array images otherwise​​

where:

  widthscale = widthlevel

  heightscale = heightlevel

  depthscale = depthlevel

and where (Δi, Δj, Δk) are taken from the image instruction if it includes a `ConstOffset` or `Offset` operand, otherwise they are taken to be zero.

Operations then proceed to Unnormalized Texel Coordinate Operations.

### 16.6. Unnormalized Texel Coordinate Operations

#### 16.6.1. (u,v,w,a) to (i,j,k,l,n) Transformation And Array Layer Selection

The unnormalized texel coordinates are transformed to integer texel coordinates relative to the selected mipmap level.

The layer index l is computed as:

  l = clamp(RNE(a), 0, `layerCount` - 1) + `baseArrayLayer`

where `layerCount` is the number of layers in the image subresource range of the image view, `baseArrayLayer` is the first layer from the subresource range, and where:

R N E(a)​={r o u n d T i e s T o E v e n(a)⌊a+0.5⌋​preferred, from IEEE Std 754-2008 Floating-Point Arithmetic alternative​​

The sample index n is assigned the value 0.

Nearest filtering (`VK_FILTER_NEAREST`) computes the integer texel coordinates that the unnormalized coordinates lie within:

i j k​=⌊u+s h i f t⌋=⌊v+s h i f t⌋=⌊w+s h i f t⌋​

where:

  shift = 0.0

Linear filtering (`VK_FILTER_LINEAR`) computes a set of neighboring coordinates which bound the unnormalized coordinates. The integer texel coordinates are combinations of i0 or i1, j0 or j1, k0 or k1, as well as weights α, β, and γ.

i 0​i 1​j 0​j 1​k 0​k 1​​=⌊u−s h i f t⌋=i 0​+1=⌊v−s h i f t⌋=j 0​+1=⌊w−s h i f t⌋=k 0​+1​
α β γ​=f r a c(u−s h i f t)=f r a c(v−s h i f t)=f r a c(w−s h i f t)​

where:

  shift = 0.5

and where:

f r a c(x)=x−⌊x⌋

where the number of fraction bits retained is specified by `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`subTexelPrecisionBits`.

### 16.7. Integer Texel Coordinate Operations

The `OpImageFetch` and `OpImageFetchSparse` SPIR-V instructions may supply a LOD from which texels are to be fetched using the optional SPIR-V operand `Lod`. Other integer-coordinate operations must not. If the `Lod` is provided then it must be an integer.

The image level selected is:

d​=l e v e l b a s e​+{L o d 0​(from optional SPIR-V operand)otherwise​​

If d does not lie in the range [`baseMipLevel`, `baseMipLevel` + `levelCount`) then any values fetched are undefined, and any writes (if supported) are discarded.

### 16.8. Image Sample Operations

#### 16.8.1. Wrapping Operation

`Cube` images ignore the wrap modes specified in the sampler. Instead, if `VK_FILTER_NEAREST` is used within a mip level then `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE` is used, and if `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` is used within a mip level then sampling at the edges is performed as described earlier in the Cube map edge handling section.

The first integer texel coordinate i is transformed based on the `addressModeU` parameter of the sampler.

i​=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​i m o d s i z e(s i z e−1)−m i r r o r((i m o d(2×s i z e))−s i z e)c l a m p(i,0,s i z e−1)c l a m p(i,−1,s i z e)c l a m p(m i r r o r(i),0,s i z e−1)​for repeat for mirrored repeat for clamp to edge for clamp to border for mirror clamp to edge​​

where:

​m i r r o r(n)={n−(1+n)​for n≥0 otherwise​​

j (for 2D and Cube image) and k (for 3D image) are similarly transformed based on the `addressModeV` and `addressModeW` parameters of the sampler, respectively.

#### 16.8.2. Texel Gathering

SPIR-V instructions with `Gather` in the name return a vector derived from 4 texels in the base level of the image view. The rules for the `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` minification filter are applied to identify the four selected texels. Each texel is then converted to an RGBA value according to conversion to RGBA and then swizzled. A four-component vector is then assembled by taking the component indicated by the `Component` value in the instruction from the swizzled color value of the four texels. If the operation does not use the `ConstOffsets` image operand then the four texels form the 2 × 2 rectangle used for texture filtering:

τ[R]τ[G]τ[B]τ[A]​=τ i 0 j 1​[l e v e l b a s e​][c o m p]=τ i 1 j 1​[l e v e l b a s e​][c o m p]=τ i 1 j 0​[l e v e l b a s e​][c o m p]=τ i 0 j 0​[l e v e l b a s e​][c o m p]​

If the operation does use the `ConstOffsets` image operand then the offsets allow a custom filter to be defined:

τ[R]τ[G]τ[B]τ[A]​=τ i 0 j 0+Δ 0​​[l e v e l b a s e​][c o m p]=τ i 0 j 0+Δ 1​​[l e v e l b a s e​][c o m p]=τ i 0 j 0+Δ 2​​[l e v e l b a s e​][c o m p]=τ i 0 j 0+Δ 3​​[l e v e l b a s e​][c o m p]​

where:

τ[l e v e l b a s e​][c o m p]c o m p​=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎧​τ[l e v e l b a s e​][R],τ[l e v e l b a s e​][G],τ[l e v e l b a s e​][B],τ[l e v e l b a s e​][A],​for c o m p=0 for c o m p=1 for c o m p=2 for c o m p=3​from SPIR-V operand Component​

`OpImage*Gather` must not be used on a sampled image with sampler Y′CBCR conversion enabled.

#### 16.8.3. Texel Filtering

Texel filtering is first performed for each level (either d or dhi and dlo).

If λ is less than or equal to zero, the texture is said to be magnified, and the filter mode within a mip level is selected by the `magFilter` in the sampler. If λ is greater than zero, the texture is said to be minified, and the filter mode within a mip level is selected by the `minFilter` in the sampler.

##### Texel Nearest Filtering

Within a mip level, `VK_FILTER_NEAREST` filtering selects a single value using the (i, j, k) texel coordinates, with all texels taken from layer l.

τ[l e v e l]​=⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧​τ i j k​[l e v e l],τ i j​[l e v e l],τ i​[l e v e l],​for 3D image for 2D or Cube image for 1D image​​

##### Texel Linear Filtering

Within a mip level, `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` filtering combines 8 (for 3D), 4 (for 2D or Cube), or 2 (for 1D) texel values, together with their linear weights. The linear weights are derived from the fractions computed earlier:

w i 0​​w i 1​​w j 0​​w j 1​​w k 0​​w k 1​​​=(1−α)=(α)=(1−β)=(β)=(1−γ)=(γ)​

The values of multiple texels, together with their weights, are combined to produce a filtered value.

The VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` can control the process by which multiple texels, together with their weights, are combined to produce a filtered texture value.

When the `reductionMode` is set (explicitly or implicitly) to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, a weighted average is computed:

τ 3 D​τ 2 D​τ 1 D​​=k=k 0​∑k 1​​j=j 0​∑j 1​​i=i 0​∑i 1​​(w i​)(w j​)(w k​)τ i j k​=j=j 0​∑j 1​​i=i 0​∑i 1​​(w i​)(w j​)τ i j​=i=i 0​∑i 1​​(w i​)τ i​​

However, if the reduction mode is `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX`, the process operates on the above set of multiple texels, together with their weights, computing a component-wise minimum or maximum, respectively, of the components of the set of texels with non-zero weights.

##### Texel Mipmap Filtering

`VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST` filtering returns the value of a single mipmap level,

τ = τ[d].

`VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` filtering combines the values of multiple mipmap levels (τ[hi] and τ[lo]), together with their linear weights.

The linear weights are derived from the fraction computed earlier:

w h i​w l o​​=(1−δ)=(δ)​

The values of multiple mipmap levels, together with their weights, are combined to produce a final filtered value.

The VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` can control the process by which multiple texels, together with their weights, are combined to produce a filtered texture value.

When the `reductionMode` is set (explicitly or implicitly) to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, a weighted average is computed:

τ​=(w h i​)τ[h i]+(w l o​)τ[l o]​

##### Texel Anisotropic Filtering

Anisotropic filtering is enabled by the `anisotropyEnable` in the sampler. When enabled, the image filtering scheme accounts for a degree of anisotropy.

The particular scheme for anisotropic texture filtering is implementation-dependent. Implementations should consider the `magFilter`, `minFilter` and `mipmapMode` of the sampler to control the specifics of the anisotropic filtering scheme used. In addition, implementations should consider `minLod` and `maxLod` of the sampler.

The following describes one particular approach to implementing anisotropic filtering for the 2D Image case, implementations may choose other methods:

Given a `magFilter`, `minFilter` of `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and a `mipmapMode` of `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST`:

Instead of a single isotropic sample, N isotropic samples are sampled within the image footprint of the image level d to approximate an anisotropic filter. The sum τ2Daniso is defined using the single isotropic τ2D(u,v) at level d.

τ 2 D a n i s o​τ 2 D a n i s o​​=N 1​i=1∑N​τ 2 D​(u(x−2 1​+N+1 i​,y),v(x−2 1​+N+1 i​,y)),=N 1​i=1∑N​τ 2 D​(u(x,y−2 1​+N+1 i​),v(x,y−2 1​+N+1 i​)),​when ρ x​>ρ y​when ρ y​≥ρ x​​

When VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo::`reductionMode` is set to `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_WEIGHTED_AVERAGE`, the above summation is used. However, if the reduction mode is `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MIN` or `VK_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_MAX`, the process operates on the above values, together with their weights, computing a component-wise minimum or maximum, respectively, of the components of the values with non-zero weights.

### 16.9. Image Operation Steps

Each step described in this chapter is performed by a subset of the image instructions:

- Texel Input Validation Operations, Format Conversion, Texel Replacement, Conversion to RGBA, and Component Swizzle: Performed by all instructions except `OpImageWrite`.

- Depth Comparison: Performed by `OpImage*Dref` instructions.

- All Texel output operations: Performed by `OpImageWrite`.

- Projection: Performed by all `OpImage*Proj` instructions.

- Derivative Image Operations, Cube Map Operations, Scale Factor Operation, Level-of-Detail Operation and Image Level(s) Selection, and Texel Anisotropic Filtering: Performed by all `OpImageSample*` and `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions.

- (s,t,r,q,a) to (u,v,w,a) Transformation, Wrapping, and (u,v,w,a) to (i,j,k,l,n) Transformation And Array Layer Selection: Performed by all `OpImageSample`, `OpImageSparseSample`, and `OpImage*Gather` instructions.

- Texel Gathering: Performed by `OpImage*Gather` instructions.

- Texel Filtering: Performed by all `OpImageSample*` and `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions.

- Sparse Residency: Performed by all `OpImageSparse*` instructions.

### 16.10. Image Query Instructions

#### 16.10.1. Image Property Queries

`OpImageQuerySize`, `OpImageQuerySizeLod`, `OpImageQueryLevels`, and `OpImageQuerySamples` query properties of the image descriptor that would be accessed by a shader image operation.

`OpImageQuerySizeLod` returns the size of the image level identified by the `Level` `of` `Detail` operand. If that level does not exist in the image, then the value returned is undefined.

#### 16.10.2. Lod Query

`OpImageQueryLod` returns the Lod parameters that would be used in an image operation with the given image and coordinates. The steps described in this chapter are performed as if for `OpImageSampleImplicitLod`, up to Scale Factor Operation, Level-of-Detail Operation and Image Level(s) Selection. The return value is the vector (λ', dl). These values may be subject to implementation-specific maxima and minima for very large, out-of-range values.

## 17. Queries

Queries provide a mechanism to return information about the processing of a sequence of Vulkan commands. Query operations are asynchronous, and as such, their results are not returned immediately. Instead, their results, and their availability status are stored in a Query Pool. The state of these queries can be read back on the host, or copied to a buffer object on the device.

The supported query types are Occlusion Queries, Pipeline Statistics Queries, and Timestamp Queries.

### 17.1. Query Pools

Queries are managed using query pool objects. Each query pool is a collection of a specific number of queries of a particular type.

Query pools are represented by `VkQueryPool` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkQueryPool)

To create a query pool, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkCreateQueryPool(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkQueryPoolCreateInfo*                pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkQueryPool*                                pQueryPool);

- `device` is the logical device that creates the query pool.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a VkQueryPoolCreateInfo structure containing the number and type of queries to be managed by the pool.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pQueryPool` is a pointer to a VkQueryPool handle in which the resulting query pool object is returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreateQueryPool-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreateQueryPool-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkQueryPoolCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreateQueryPool-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreateQueryPool-pQueryPool-parameter
  `pQueryPool` must be a valid pointer to a VkQueryPool handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkQueryPoolCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkQueryPoolCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        const void*                      pNext;
        VkQueryPoolCreateFlags           flags;
        VkQueryType                      queryType;
        uint32_t                         queryCount;
        VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlags    pipelineStatistics;
    } VkQueryPoolCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `queryType` is a VkQueryType value specifying the type of queries managed by the pool.

- `queryCount` is the number of queries managed by the pool.

- `pipelineStatistics` is a bitmask of VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlagBits specifying which counters will be returned in queries on the new pool, as described below in Pipeline Statistics Queries.

`pipelineStatistics` is ignored if `queryType` is not `VK_QUERY_TYPE_PIPELINE_STATISTICS`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkQueryPoolCreateInfo-queryType-00791
  If the pipeline statistics queries feature is not enabled, `queryType` must not be `VK_QUERY_TYPE_PIPELINE_STATISTICS`

- VUID-VkQueryPoolCreateInfo-queryType-00792
  If `queryType` is `VK_QUERY_TYPE_PIPELINE_STATISTICS`, `pipelineStatistics` must be a valid combination of VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlagBits values

- VUID-VkQueryPoolCreateInfo-queryCount-02763
  `queryCount` must be greater than 0

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkQueryPoolCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUERY_POOL_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkQueryPoolCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkQueryPoolCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkQueryPoolCreateInfo-queryType-parameter
  `queryType` must be a valid VkQueryType value

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkQueryPoolCreateFlags;

`VkQueryPoolCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

To destroy a query pool, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkDestroyQueryPool(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkQueryPool                                 queryPool,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device that destroys the query pool.

- `queryPool` is the query pool to destroy.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyQueryPool-queryPool-00793
  All submitted commands that refer to `queryPool` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkDestroyQueryPool-queryPool-00794
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `queryPool` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyQueryPool-queryPool-00795
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `queryPool` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

| Note Applications can verify that `queryPool` can be destroyed by checking that `vkGetQueryPoolResults`() without the `VK_QUERY_RESULT_PARTIAL_BIT` flag returns `VK_SUCCESS` for all queries that are used in command buffers submitted for execution.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyQueryPool-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyQueryPool-queryPool-parameter
  If `queryPool` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `queryPool` must be a valid VkQueryPool handle

- VUID-vkDestroyQueryPool-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyQueryPool-queryPool-parent
  If `queryPool` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `queryPool` must be externally synchronized

Possible values of VkQueryPoolCreateInfo::`queryType`, specifying the type of queries managed by the pool, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkQueryType {
        VK_QUERY_TYPE_OCCLUSION = 0,
        VK_QUERY_TYPE_PIPELINE_STATISTICS = 1,
        VK_QUERY_TYPE_TIMESTAMP = 2,
    } VkQueryType;

- `VK_QUERY_TYPE_OCCLUSION` specifies an occlusion query.

- `VK_QUERY_TYPE_PIPELINE_STATISTICS` specifies a pipeline statistics query.

- `VK_QUERY_TYPE_TIMESTAMP` specifies a timestamp query.

### 17.2. Query Operation

The operation of queries is controlled by the commands vkCmdBeginQuery, vkCmdEndQuery, vkCmdResetQueryPool, vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults, vkCmdWriteTimestamp2, and vkCmdWriteTimestamp.

In order for a `VkCommandBuffer` to record query management commands, the queue family for which its `VkCommandPool` was created must support the appropriate type of operations (graphics, compute) suitable for the query type of a given query pool.

Each query in a query pool has a status that is either unavailable or available, and also has state to store the numerical results of a query operation of the type requested when the query pool was created. Resetting a query via vkCmdResetQueryPool or vkResetQueryPool sets the status to unavailable and makes the numerical results undefined. Performing a query operation with vkCmdBeginQuery and vkCmdEndQuery changes the status to available when the query finishes, and updates the numerical results. Both the availability status and numerical results are retrieved by calling either vkGetQueryPoolResults or vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults.

Query commands, for the same query and submitted to the same queue, execute in their entirety in submission order, relative to each other. In effect there is an implicit execution dependency from each such query command to all query commands previously submitted to the same queue. There is one significant exception to this; if the `flags` parameter of vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults does not include `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT`, execution of vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults may happen-before the results of vkCmdEndQuery are available.

After query pool creation, each query must be reset before it is used. Queries must also be reset between uses.

If a logical device includes multiple physical devices, then each command that writes a query must execute on a single physical device, and any call to vkCmdBeginQuery must execute the corresponding vkCmdEndQuery command on the same physical device.

To reset a range of queries in a query pool on a queue, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdResetQueryPool(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkQueryPool                                 queryPool,
        uint32_t                                    firstQuery,
        uint32_t                                    queryCount);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which this command will be recorded.

- `queryPool` is the handle of the query pool managing the queries being reset.

- `firstQuery` is the initial query index to reset.

- `queryCount` is the number of queries to reset.

When executed on a queue, this command sets the status of query indices [`firstQuery`, `firstQuery` + `queryCount` - 1] to unavailable.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdResetQueryPool-firstQuery-00796
  `firstQuery` must be less than the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkCmdResetQueryPool-firstQuery-00797
  The sum of `firstQuery` and `queryCount` must be less than or equal to the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkCmdResetQueryPool-None-02841
  All queries used by the command must not be active

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdResetQueryPool-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdResetQueryPool-queryPool-parameter
  `queryPool` must be a valid VkQueryPool handle

- VUID-vkCmdResetQueryPool-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdResetQueryPool-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, compute, decode, or encode operations

- VUID-vkCmdResetQueryPool-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdResetQueryPool-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `queryPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics Compute Decode Encode

To reset a range of queries in a query pool on the host, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    void vkResetQueryPool(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkQueryPool                                 queryPool,
        uint32_t                                    firstQuery,
        uint32_t                                    queryCount);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the query pool.

- `queryPool` is the handle of the query pool managing the queries being reset.

- `firstQuery` is the initial query index to reset.

- `queryCount` is the number of queries to reset.

This command sets the status of query indices [`firstQuery`, `firstQuery` + `queryCount` - 1] to unavailable.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkResetQueryPool-None-02665
  The hostQueryReset feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkResetQueryPool-firstQuery-02666
  `firstQuery` must be less than the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkResetQueryPool-firstQuery-02667
  The sum of `firstQuery` and `queryCount` must be less than or equal to the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkResetQueryPool-firstQuery-02741
  Submitted commands that refer to the range specified by `firstQuery` and `queryCount` in `queryPool` must have completed execution

- VUID-vkResetQueryPool-firstQuery-02742
  The range of queries specified by `firstQuery` and `queryCount` in `queryPool` must not be in use by calls to vkGetQueryPoolResults or `vkResetQueryPool` in other threads

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkResetQueryPool-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkResetQueryPool-queryPool-parameter
  `queryPool` must be a valid VkQueryPool handle

- VUID-vkResetQueryPool-queryPool-parent
  `queryPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Once queries are reset and ready for use, query commands can be issued to a command buffer. Occlusion queries and pipeline statistics queries count events - drawn samples and pipeline stage invocations, respectively - resulting from commands that are recorded between a vkCmdBeginQuery command and a vkCmdEndQuery command within a specified command buffer, effectively scoping a set of drawing and/or dispatching commands. Timestamp queries write timestamps to a query pool.

A query must begin and end in the same command buffer, although if it is a primary command buffer, and the inherited queries feature is enabled, it can execute secondary command buffers during the query operation. For a secondary command buffer to be executed while a query is active, it must set the `occlusionQueryEnable`, `queryFlags`, and/or `pipelineStatistics` members of VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo to conservative values, as described in the Command Buffer Recording section. A query must either begin and end inside the same subpass of a render pass instance, or must both begin and end outside of a render pass instance (i.e. contain entire render pass instances).

If queries are used while executing a render pass instance that has multiview enabled, the query uses N consecutive query indices in the query pool (starting at `query`) where N is the number of bits set in the view mask in the subpass the query is used in. How the numerical results of the query are distributed among the queries is implementation-dependent. For example, some implementations may write each view’s results to a distinct query, while other implementations may write the total result to the first query and write zero to the other queries. However, the sum of the results in all the queries must accurately reflect the total result of the query summed over all views. Applications can sum the results from all the queries to compute the total result.

Queries used with multiview rendering must not span subpasses, i.e. they must begin and end in the same subpass.

To begin a query, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdBeginQuery(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkQueryPool                                 queryPool,
        uint32_t                                    query,
        VkQueryControlFlags                         flags);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which this command will be recorded.

- `queryPool` is the query pool that will manage the results of the query.

- `query` is the query index within the query pool that will contain the results.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkQueryControlFlagBits specifying constraints on the types of queries that can be performed.

If the `queryType` of the pool is `VK_QUERY_TYPE_OCCLUSION` and `flags` contains `VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT`, an implementation must return a result that matches the actual number of samples passed. This is described in more detail in Occlusion Queries.

After beginning a query, that query is considered active within the command buffer it was called in until that same query is ended. Queries active in a primary command buffer when secondary command buffers are executed are considered active for those secondary command buffers.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-None-00807
  All queries used by the command must be unavailable

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-queryType-02804
  The `queryType` used to create `queryPool` must not be `VK_QUERY_TYPE_TIMESTAMP`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-queryType-00800
  If the precise occlusion queries feature is not enabled, or the `queryType` used to create `queryPool` was not `VK_QUERY_TYPE_OCCLUSION`, `flags` must not contain `VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-query-00802
  `query` must be less than the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-queryType-00803
  If the `queryType` used to create `queryPool` was `VK_QUERY_TYPE_OCCLUSION`, the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-queryType-00804
  If the `queryType` used to create `queryPool` was `VK_QUERY_TYPE_PIPELINE_STATISTICS` and any of the `pipelineStatistics` indicate graphics operations, the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-queryType-00805
  If the `queryType` used to create `queryPool` was `VK_QUERY_TYPE_PIPELINE_STATISTICS` and any of the `pipelineStatistics` indicate compute operations, the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-commandBuffer-01885
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-query-00808
  If called within a render pass instance, the sum of `query` and the number of bits set in the current subpass’s view mask must be less than or equal to the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-queryPool-01922
  `queryPool` must have been created with a `queryType` that differs from that of any queries that are active within `commandBuffer`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-queryPool-parameter
  `queryPool` must be a valid VkQueryPool handle

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkQueryControlFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, compute, decode, or encode operations

- VUID-vkCmdBeginQuery-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `queryPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics Compute Decode Encode

Bits which can be set in vkCmdBeginQuery::`flags`, specifying constraints on the types of queries that can be performed, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkQueryControlFlagBits {
        VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkQueryControlFlagBits;

- `VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT` specifies the precision of occlusion queries.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkQueryControlFlags;

`VkQueryControlFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkQueryControlFlagBits.

To end a query after the set of desired drawing or dispatching commands is executed, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdEndQuery(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkQueryPool                                 queryPool,
        uint32_t                                    query);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which this command will be recorded.

- `queryPool` is the query pool that is managing the results of the query.

- `query` is the query index within the query pool where the result is stored.

As queries operate asynchronously, ending a query does not immediately set the query’s status to available. A query is considered finished when the final results of the query are ready to be retrieved by vkGetQueryPoolResults and vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults, and this is when the query’s status is set to available.

Once a query is ended the query must finish in finite time, unless the state of the query is changed using other commands, e.g. by issuing a reset of the query.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdEndQuery-None-01923
  All queries used by the command must be active

- VUID-vkCmdEndQuery-query-00810
  `query` must be less than the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkCmdEndQuery-commandBuffer-01886
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdEndQuery-query-00812
  If `vkCmdEndQuery` is called within a render pass instance, the sum of `query` and the number of bits set in the current subpass’s view mask must be less than or equal to the number of queries in `queryPool`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdEndQuery-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdEndQuery-queryPool-parameter
  `queryPool` must be a valid VkQueryPool handle

- VUID-vkCmdEndQuery-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdEndQuery-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, compute, decode, or encode operations

- VUID-vkCmdEndQuery-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `queryPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics Compute Decode Encode

An application can retrieve results either by requesting they be written into application-provided memory, or by requesting they be copied into a `VkBuffer`. In either case, the layout in memory is defined as follows:

- The first query’s result is written starting at the first byte requested by the command, and each subsequent query’s result begins `stride` bytes later.

- Occlusion queries, pipeline statistics queries, and timestamp queries store results in a tightly packed array of unsigned integers, either 32- or 64-bits as requested by the command, storing the numerical results and, if requested, the availability status.

- If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WITH_AVAILABILITY_BIT` is used, the final element of each query’s result is an integer indicating whether the query’s result is available, with any non-zero value indicating that it is available.

- Occlusion queries write one integer value - the number of samples passed. Pipeline statistics queries write one integer value for each bit that is enabled in the `pipelineStatistics` when the pool is created, and the statistics values are written in bit order starting from the least significant bit. Timestamp queries write one integer value.

- If more than one query is retrieved and `stride` is not at least as large as the size of the array of values corresponding to a single query, the values written to memory are undefined.

To retrieve status and results for a set of queries, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkGetQueryPoolResults(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkQueryPool                                 queryPool,
        uint32_t                                    firstQuery,
        uint32_t                                    queryCount,
        size_t                                      dataSize,
        void*                                       pData,
        VkDeviceSize                                stride,
        VkQueryResultFlags                          flags);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the query pool.

- `queryPool` is the query pool managing the queries containing the desired results.

- `firstQuery` is the initial query index.

- `queryCount` is the number of queries to read.

- `dataSize` is the size in bytes of the buffer pointed to by `pData`.

- `pData` is a pointer to a user-allocated buffer where the results will be written

- `stride` is the stride in bytes between results for individual queries within `pData`.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkQueryResultFlagBits specifying how and when results are returned.

The range of queries read is defined by [`firstQuery`, `firstQuery` + `queryCount` - 1]. For pipeline statistics queries, each query index in the pool contains one integer value for each bit that is enabled in VkQueryPoolCreateInfo::`pipelineStatistics` when the pool is created.

If no bits are set in `flags`, and all requested queries are in the available state, results are written as an array of 32-bit unsigned integer values. The behavior when not all queries are available, is described below.

If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT` is not set and the result overflows a 32-bit value, the value may either wrap or saturate. Similarly, if `VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT` is set and the result overflows a 64-bit value, the value may either wrap or saturate.

If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` is set, Vulkan will wait for each query to be in the available state before retrieving the numerical results for that query. In this case, `vkGetQueryPoolResults` is guaranteed to succeed and return `VK_SUCCESS` if the queries become available in a finite time (i.e. if they have been issued and not reset). If queries will never finish (e.g. due to being reset but not issued), then `vkGetQueryPoolResults` may not return in finite time.

If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` and `VK_QUERY_RESULT_PARTIAL_BIT` are both not set then no result values are written to `pData` for queries that are in the unavailable state at the time of the call, and `vkGetQueryPoolResults` returns `VK_NOT_READY`. However, availability state is still written to `pData` for those queries if `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WITH_AVAILABILITY_BIT` is set.

If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` is not set, `vkGetQueryPoolResults` may return `VK_NOT_READY` if there are queries in the unavailable state.

| Note Applications must take care to ensure that use of the `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` bit has the desired effect. For example, if a query has been used previously and a command buffer records the commands `vkCmdResetQueryPool`, `vkCmdBeginQuery`, and `vkCmdEndQuery` for that query, then the query will remain in the available state until `vkResetQueryPool` is called or the `vkCmdResetQueryPool` command executes on a queue. Applications can use fences or events to ensure that a query has already been reset before checking for its results or availability status. Otherwise, a stale value could be returned from a previous use of the query. The above also applies when `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` is used in combination with `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WITH_AVAILABILITY_BIT`. In this case, the returned availability status may reflect the result of a previous use of the query unless `vkResetQueryPool` is called or the `vkCmdResetQueryPool` command has been executed since the last use of the query.

| Note Applications can double-buffer query pool usage, with a pool per frame, and reset queries at the end of the frame in which they are read.

If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_PARTIAL_BIT` is set, `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` is not set, and the query’s status is unavailable, an intermediate result value between zero and the final result value is written to `pData` for that query.

If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WITH_AVAILABILITY_BIT` is set, the final integer value written for each query is non-zero if the query’s status was available or zero if the status was unavailable. When `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WITH_AVAILABILITY_BIT` is used, implementations must guarantee that if they return a non-zero availability value then the numerical results must be valid, assuming the results are not reset by a subsequent command.

| Note Satisfying this guarantee may require careful ordering by the application, e.g. to read the availability status before reading the results.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-firstQuery-00813
  `firstQuery` must be less than the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-flags-02827
  If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT` is not set in `flags`, then `pData` and `stride` must be multiples of `4`

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-flags-00815
  If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT` is set in `flags` then `pData` and `stride` must be multiples of `8`

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-firstQuery-00816
  The sum of `firstQuery` and `queryCount` must be less than or equal to the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-dataSize-00817
  `dataSize` must be large enough to contain the result of each query, as described here

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-queryType-00818
  If the `queryType` used to create `queryPool` was `VK_QUERY_TYPE_TIMESTAMP`, `flags` must not contain `VK_QUERY_RESULT_PARTIAL_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-queryPool-parameter
  `queryPool` must be a valid VkQueryPool handle

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-pData-parameter
  `pData` must be a valid pointer to an array of `dataSize` bytes

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkQueryResultFlagBits values

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-dataSize-arraylength
  `dataSize` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkGetQueryPoolResults-queryPool-parent
  `queryPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_NOT_READY`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

Bits which can be set in vkGetQueryPoolResults::`flags` and vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults::`flags`, specifying how and when results are returned, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkQueryResultFlagBits {
        VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_QUERY_RESULT_WITH_AVAILABILITY_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_QUERY_RESULT_PARTIAL_BIT = 0x00000008,
    } VkQueryResultFlagBits;

- `VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT` specifies the results will be written as an array of 64-bit unsigned integer values. If this bit is not set, the results will be written as an array of 32-bit unsigned integer values.

- `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` specifies that Vulkan will wait for each query’s status to become available before retrieving its results.

- `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WITH_AVAILABILITY_BIT` specifies that the availability status accompanies the results.

- `VK_QUERY_RESULT_PARTIAL_BIT` specifies that returning partial results is acceptable.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkQueryResultFlags;

`VkQueryResultFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkQueryResultFlagBits.

To copy query statuses and numerical results directly to buffer memory, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkQueryPool                                 queryPool,
        uint32_t                                    firstQuery,
        uint32_t                                    queryCount,
        VkBuffer                                    dstBuffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                dstOffset,
        VkDeviceSize                                stride,
        VkQueryResultFlags                          flags);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which this command will be recorded.

- `queryPool` is the query pool managing the queries containing the desired results.

- `firstQuery` is the initial query index.

- `queryCount` is the number of queries. `firstQuery` and `queryCount` together define a range of queries.

- `dstBuffer` is a VkBuffer object that will receive the results of the copy command.

- `dstOffset` is an offset into `dstBuffer`.

- `stride` is the stride in bytes between results for individual queries within `dstBuffer`. The required size of the backing memory for `dstBuffer` is determined as described above for vkGetQueryPoolResults.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkQueryResultFlagBits specifying how and when results are returned.

`vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults` is guaranteed to see the effect of previous uses of `vkCmdResetQueryPool` in the same queue, without any additional synchronization. Thus, the results will always reflect the most recent use of the query.

`flags` has the same possible values described above for the `flags` parameter of vkGetQueryPoolResults, but the different style of execution causes some subtle behavioral differences. Because `vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults` executes in order with respect to other query commands, there is less ambiguity about which use of a query is being requested.

Results for all requested occlusion queries, pipeline statistics queries, and timestamp queries are written as 64-bit unsigned integer values if `VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT` is set or 32-bit unsigned integer values otherwise.

If neither of `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` and `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WITH_AVAILABILITY_BIT` are set, results are only written out for queries in the available state.

If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` is set, the implementation will wait for each query’s status to be in the available state before retrieving the numerical results for that query. This is guaranteed to reflect the most recent use of the query on the same queue, assuming that the query is not being simultaneously used by other queues. If the query does not become available in a finite amount of time (e.g. due to not issuing a query since the last reset), a `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST` error may occur.

Similarly, if `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WITH_AVAILABILITY_BIT` is set and `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` is not set, the availability is guaranteed to reflect the most recent use of the query on the same queue, assuming that the query is not being simultaneously used by other queues. As with `vkGetQueryPoolResults`, implementations must guarantee that if they return a non-zero availability value, then the numerical results are valid.

If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_PARTIAL_BIT` is set, `VK_QUERY_RESULT_WAIT_BIT` is not set, and the query’s status is unavailable, an intermediate result value between zero and the final result value is written for that query.

`VK_QUERY_RESULT_PARTIAL_BIT` must not be used if the pool’s `queryType` is `VK_QUERY_TYPE_TIMESTAMP`.

`vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults` is considered to be a transfer operation, and its writes to buffer memory must be synchronized using `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT` and `VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT` before using the results.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-dstOffset-00819
  `dstOffset` must be less than the size of `dstBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-firstQuery-00820
  `firstQuery` must be less than the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-firstQuery-00821
  The sum of `firstQuery` and `queryCount` must be less than or equal to the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-flags-00822
  If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT` is not set in `flags` then `dstOffset` and `stride` must be multiples of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-flags-00823
  If `VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT` is set in `flags` then `dstOffset` and `stride` must be multiples of `8`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-dstBuffer-00824
  `dstBuffer` must have enough storage, from `dstOffset`, to contain the result of each query, as described here

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-dstBuffer-00825
  `dstBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-dstBuffer-00826
  If `dstBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-queryType-00827
  If the `queryType` used to create `queryPool` was `VK_QUERY_TYPE_TIMESTAMP`, `flags` must not contain `VK_QUERY_RESULT_PARTIAL_BIT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-queryPool-parameter
  `queryPool` must be a valid VkQueryPool handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-dstBuffer-parameter
  `dstBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkQueryResultFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults-commonparent
  Each of `commandBuffer`, `dstBuffer`, and `queryPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics Compute

Rendering operations such as clears, MSAA resolves, attachment load/store operations, and blits may count towards the results of queries. This behavior is implementation-dependent and may vary depending on the path used within an implementation. For example, some implementations have several types of clears, some of which may include vertices and some not.

### 17.3. Occlusion Queries

Occlusion queries track the number of samples that pass the per-fragment tests for a set of drawing commands. As such, occlusion queries are only available on queue families supporting graphics operations. The application can then use these results to inform future rendering decisions. An occlusion query is begun and ended by calling `vkCmdBeginQuery` and `vkCmdEndQuery`, respectively. When an occlusion query begins, the count of passing samples always starts at zero. For each drawing command, the count is incremented as described in Sample Counting. If `flags` does not contain `VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT` an implementation may generate any non-zero result value for the query if the count of passing samples is non-zero.

| Note Not setting `VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT` mode may be more efficient on some implementations, and should be used where it is sufficient to know a boolean result on whether any samples passed the per-fragment tests. In this case, some implementations may only return zero or one, indifferent to the actual number of samples passing the per-fragment tests.

When an occlusion query finishes, the result for that query is marked as available. The application can then either copy the result to a buffer (via `vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults`) or request it be put into host memory (via `vkGetQueryPoolResults`).

| Note If occluding geometry is not drawn first, samples can pass the depth test, but still not be visible in a final image.

### 17.4. Pipeline Statistics Queries

Pipeline statistics queries allow the application to sample a specified set of `VkPipeline` counters. These counters are accumulated by Vulkan for a set of either drawing or dispatching commands while a pipeline statistics query is active. As such, pipeline statistics queries are available on queue families supporting either graphics or compute operations. The availability of pipeline statistics queries is indicated by the `pipelineStatisticsQuery` member of the `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures` object (see `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures` and `vkCreateDevice` for detecting and requesting this query type on a `VkDevice`).

A pipeline statistics query is begun and ended by calling `vkCmdBeginQuery` and `vkCmdEndQuery`, respectively. When a pipeline statistics query begins, all statistics counters are set to zero. While the query is active, the pipeline type determines which set of statistics are available, but these must be configured on the query pool when it is created. If a statistic counter is issued on a command buffer that does not support the corresponding operation, the value of that counter is undefined after the query has finished. At least one statistic counter relevant to the operations supported on the recording command buffer must be enabled.

Bits which can be set in VkQueryPoolCreateInfo::`pipelineStatistics` for query pools and in VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo::`pipelineStatistics` for secondary command buffers, individually enabling pipeline statistics counters, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlagBits {
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_VERTICES_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_PRIMITIVES_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_VERTEX_SHADER_INVOCATIONS_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_GEOMETRY_SHADER_INVOCATIONS_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_GEOMETRY_SHADER_PRIMITIVES_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_CLIPPING_INVOCATIONS_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_CLIPPING_PRIMITIVES_BIT = 0x00000040,
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_FRAGMENT_SHADER_INVOCATIONS_BIT = 0x00000080,
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_PATCHES_BIT = 0x00000100,
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_INVOCATIONS_BIT = 0x00000200,
        VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_COMPUTE_SHADER_INVOCATIONS_BIT = 0x00000400,
    } VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlagBits;

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_VERTICES_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of vertices processed by the input assembly stage. Vertices corresponding to incomplete primitives may contribute to the count.

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_PRIMITIVES_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of primitives processed by the input assembly stage. If primitive restart is enabled, restarting the primitive topology has no effect on the count. Incomplete primitives may be counted.

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_VERTEX_SHADER_INVOCATIONS_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of vertex shader invocations. This counter’s value is incremented each time a vertex shader is invoked.

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_GEOMETRY_SHADER_INVOCATIONS_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of geometry shader invocations. This counter’s value is incremented each time a geometry shader is invoked. In the case of instanced geometry shaders, the geometry shader invocations count is incremented for each separate instanced invocation.

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_GEOMETRY_SHADER_PRIMITIVES_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of primitives generated by geometry shader invocations. The counter’s value is incremented each time the geometry shader emits a primitive. Restarting primitive topology using the SPIR-V instructions `OpEndPrimitive` or `OpEndStreamPrimitive` has no effect on the geometry shader output primitives count.

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_CLIPPING_INVOCATIONS_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of primitives processed by the Primitive Clipping stage of the pipeline. The counter’s value is incremented each time a primitive reaches the primitive clipping stage.

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_CLIPPING_PRIMITIVES_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of primitives output by the Primitive Clipping stage of the pipeline. The counter’s value is incremented each time a primitive passes the primitive clipping stage. The actual number of primitives output by the primitive clipping stage for a particular input primitive is implementation-dependent but must satisfy the following conditions:

  - If at least one vertex of the input primitive lies inside the clipping volume, the counter is incremented by one or more.

  - Otherwise, the counter is incremented by zero or more.

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_FRAGMENT_SHADER_INVOCATIONS_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of fragment shader invocations. The counter’s value is incremented each time the fragment shader is invoked.

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_PATCHES_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of patches processed by the tessellation control shader. The counter’s value is incremented once for each patch for which a tessellation control shader is invoked.

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_INVOCATIONS_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of invocations of the tessellation evaluation shader. The counter’s value is incremented each time the tessellation evaluation shader is invoked.

- `VK_QUERY_PIPELINE_STATISTIC_COMPUTE_SHADER_INVOCATIONS_BIT` specifies that queries managed by the pool will count the number of compute shader invocations. The counter’s value is incremented every time the compute shader is invoked. Implementations may skip the execution of certain compute shader invocations or execute additional compute shader invocations for implementation-dependent reasons as long as the results of rendering otherwise remain unchanged.

These values are intended to measure relative statistics on one implementation. Various device architectures will count these values differently. Any or all counters may be affected by the issues described in Query Operation.

| Note For example, tile-based rendering devices may need to replay the scene multiple times, affecting some of the counts.

If a pipeline has `rasterizerDiscardEnable` enabled, implementations may discard primitives after the final pre-rasterization shader stage. As a result, if `rasterizerDiscardEnable` is enabled, the clipping input and output primitives counters may not be incremented.

When a pipeline statistics query finishes, the result for that query is marked as available. The application can copy the result to a buffer (via `vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults`), or request it be put into host memory (via `vkGetQueryPoolResults`).

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlags;

`VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlagBits.

### 17.5. Timestamp Queries

Timestamps provide applications with a mechanism for timing the execution of commands. A timestamp is an integer value generated by the `VkPhysicalDevice`. Unlike other queries, timestamps do not operate over a range, and so do not use vkCmdBeginQuery or vkCmdEndQuery. The mechanism is built around a set of commands that allow the application to tell the `VkPhysicalDevice` to write timestamp values to a query pool and then either read timestamp values on the host (using vkGetQueryPoolResults) or copy timestamp values to a `VkBuffer` (using vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults). The application can then compute differences between timestamps to determine execution time.

The number of valid bits in a timestamp value is determined by the `VkQueueFamilyProperties`::`timestampValidBits` property of the queue on which the timestamp is written. Timestamps are supported on any queue which reports a non-zero value for `timestampValidBits` via vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties. If the `timestampComputeAndGraphics` limit is `VK_TRUE`, timestamps are supported by every queue family that supports either graphics or compute operations (see VkQueueFamilyProperties).

The number of nanoseconds it takes for a timestamp value to be incremented by 1 can be obtained from `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`timestampPeriod` after a call to `vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties`.

To request a timestamp, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdWriteTimestamp2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkPipelineStageFlags2                       stage,
        VkQueryPool                                 queryPool,
        uint32_t                                    query);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `stage` specifies a stage of the pipeline.

- `queryPool` is the query pool that will manage the timestamp.

- `query` is the query within the query pool that will contain the timestamp.

When `vkCmdWriteTimestamp2` is submitted to a queue, it defines an execution dependency on commands that were submitted before it, and writes a timestamp to a query pool.

The first synchronization scope includes all commands that occur earlier in submission order. The synchronization scope is limited to operations on the pipeline stage specified by `stage`.

The second synchronization scope includes only the timestamp write operation.

When the timestamp value is written, the availability status of the query is set to available.

| Note If an implementation is unable to detect completion and latch the timer at any specific stage of the pipeline, it may instead do so at any logically later stage.

Comparisons between timestamps are not meaningful if the timestamps are written by commands submitted to different queues.

| Note An example of such a comparison is subtracting an older timestamp from a newer one to determine the execution time of a sequence of commands.

If `vkCmdWriteTimestamp2` is called while executing a render pass instance that has multiview enabled, the timestamp uses N consecutive query indices in the query pool (starting at `query`) where N is the number of bits set in the view mask of the subpass the command is executed in. The resulting query values are determined by an implementation-dependent choice of one of the following behaviors:

- The first query is a timestamp value and (if more than one bit is set in the view mask) zero is written to the remaining queries. If two timestamps are written in the same subpass, the sum of the execution time of all views between those commands is the difference between the first query written by each command.

- All N queries are timestamp values. If two timestamps are written in the same subpass, the sum of the execution time of all views between those commands is the sum of the difference between corresponding queries written by each command. The difference between corresponding queries may be the execution time of a single view.

In either case, the application can sum the differences between all N queries to determine the total execution time.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-stage-03929
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `stage` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-stage-03930
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `stage` must not contain `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-synchronization2-03858
  The `synchronization2` feature must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-stage-03859
  `stage` must only include a single pipeline stage

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-stage-03860
  `stage` must only include stages valid for the queue family that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-queryPool-03861
  `queryPool` must have been created with a `queryType` of `VK_QUERY_TYPE_TIMESTAMP`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-queryPool-03862
  The query identified by `queryPool` and `query` must be unavailable

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-timestampValidBits-03863
  The command pool’s queue family must support a non-zero `timestampValidBits`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-query-04903
  `query` must be less than the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-None-03864
  All queries used by the command must be unavailable

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-query-03865
  If `vkCmdWriteTimestamp2` is called within a render pass instance, the sum of `query` and the number of bits set in the current subpass’s view mask must be less than or equal to the number of queries in `queryPool`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-stage-parameter
  `stage` must be a valid combination of VkPipelineStageFlagBits2 values

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-queryPool-parameter
  `queryPool` must be a valid VkQueryPool handle

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, compute, decode, or encode operations

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp2-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `queryPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Transfer Graphics Compute Decode Encode

To request a timestamp, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdWriteTimestamp(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkPipelineStageFlagBits                     pipelineStage,
        VkQueryPool                                 queryPool,
        uint32_t                                    query);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `pipelineStage` is a VkPipelineStageFlagBits value, specifying a stage of the pipeline.

- `queryPool` is the query pool that will manage the timestamp.

- `query` is the query within the query pool that will contain the timestamp.

`vkCmdWriteTimestamp` latches the value of the timer when all previous commands have completed executing as far as the specified pipeline stage, and writes the timestamp value to memory. When the timestamp value is written, the availability status of the query is set to available.

| Note If an implementation is unable to detect completion and latch the timer at any specific stage of the pipeline, it may instead do so at any logically later stage.

Comparisons between timestamps are not meaningful if the timestamps are written by commands submitted to different queues.

| Note An example of such a comparison is subtracting an older timestamp from a newer one to determine the execution time of a sequence of commands.

If `vkCmdWriteTimestamp` is called while executing a render pass instance that has multiview enabled, the timestamp uses N consecutive query indices in the query pool (starting at `query`) where N is the number of bits set in the view mask of the subpass the command is executed in. The resulting query values are determined by an implementation-dependent choice of one of the following behaviors:

- The first query is a timestamp value and (if more than one bit is set in the view mask) zero is written to the remaining queries. If two timestamps are written in the same subpass, the sum of the execution time of all views between those commands is the difference between the first query written by each command.

- All N queries are timestamp values. If two timestamps are written in the same subpass, the sum of the execution time of all views between those commands is the sum of the difference between corresponding queries written by each command. The difference between corresponding queries may be the execution time of a single view.

In either case, the application can sum the differences between all N queries to determine the total execution time.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-pipelineStage-04074
  `pipelineStage` must be a valid stage for the queue family that was used to create the command pool that `commandBuffer` was allocated from

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-pipelineStage-04075
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `pipelineStage` must not be `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-pipelineStage-04076
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `pipelineStage` must not be `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT` or `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-synchronization2-06489
  If the `synchronization2` feature is not enabled, `pipelineStage` must not be `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_NONE`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-queryPool-01416
  `queryPool` must have been created with a `queryType` of `VK_QUERY_TYPE_TIMESTAMP`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-queryPool-00828
  The query identified by `queryPool` and `query` must be unavailable

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-timestampValidBits-00829
  The command pool’s queue family must support a non-zero `timestampValidBits`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-query-04904
  `query` must be less than the number of queries in `queryPool`

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-None-00830
  All queries used by the command must be unavailable

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-query-00831
  If `vkCmdWriteTimestamp` is called within a render pass instance, the sum of `query` and the number of bits set in the current subpass’s view mask must be less than or equal to the number of queries in `queryPool`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-pipelineStage-parameter
  `pipelineStage` must be a valid VkPipelineStageFlagBits value

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-queryPool-parameter
  `queryPool` must be a valid VkQueryPool handle

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, compute, decode, or encode operations

- VUID-vkCmdWriteTimestamp-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `queryPool` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Transfer Graphics Compute Decode Encode

## 18. Clear Commands

### 18.1. Clearing Images Outside A Render Pass Instance

Color and depth/stencil images can be cleared outside a render pass instance using vkCmdClearColorImage or vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage, respectively. These commands are only allowed outside of a render pass instance.

To clear one or more subranges of a color image, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdClearColorImage(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkImage                                     image,
        VkImageLayout                               imageLayout,
        const VkClearColorValue*                    pColor,
        uint32_t                                    rangeCount,
        const VkImageSubresourceRange*              pRanges);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `image` is the image to be cleared.

- `imageLayout` specifies the current layout of the image subresource ranges to be cleared, and must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL`.

- `pColor` is a pointer to a VkClearColorValue structure containing the values that the image subresource ranges will be cleared to (see Clear Values below).

- `rangeCount` is the number of image subresource range structures in `pRanges`.

- `pRanges` is a pointer to an array of VkImageSubresourceRange structures describing a range of mipmap levels, array layers, and aspects to be cleared, as described in Image Views.

Each specified range in `pRanges` is cleared to the value specified by `pColor`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-01993
  The format features of `image` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-00002
  `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-01545
  `image` must not use any of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-00003
  If `image` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-imageLayout-00004
  `imageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresource ranges of `image` specified in `pRanges` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-imageLayout-00005
  `imageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-aspectMask-02498
  The VkImageSubresourceRange::`aspectMask` members of the elements of the `pRanges` array must each only include `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-baseMipLevel-01470
  The VkImageSubresourceRange::`baseMipLevel` members of the elements of the `pRanges` array must each be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-pRanges-01692
  For each VkImageSubresourceRange element of `pRanges`, if the `levelCount` member is not `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS`, then `baseMipLevel` + `levelCount` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-baseArrayLayer-01472
  The VkImageSubresourceRange::`baseArrayLayer` members of the elements of the `pRanges` array must each be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-pRanges-01693
  For each VkImageSubresourceRange element of `pRanges`, if the `layerCount` member is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, then `baseArrayLayer` + `layerCount` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-00007
  `image` must not have a compressed or depth/stencil format

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-pColor-04961
  `pColor` must be a valid pointer to a VkClearColorValue union

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-commandBuffer-01805
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `image` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-commandBuffer-01806
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, must not be an unprotected image

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-imageLayout-parameter
  `imageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-pRanges-parameter
  `pRanges` must be a valid pointer to an array of `rangeCount` valid VkImageSubresourceRange structures

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-rangeCount-arraylength
  `rangeCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdClearColorImage-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics Compute

To clear one or more subranges of a depth/stencil image, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkImage                                     image,
        VkImageLayout                               imageLayout,
        const VkClearDepthStencilValue*             pDepthStencil,
        uint32_t                                    rangeCount,
        const VkImageSubresourceRange*              pRanges);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `image` is the image to be cleared.

- `imageLayout` specifies the current layout of the image subresource ranges to be cleared, and must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL`.

- `pDepthStencil` is a pointer to a VkClearDepthStencilValue structure containing the values that the depth and stencil image subresource ranges will be cleared to (see Clear Values below).

- `rangeCount` is the number of image subresource range structures in `pRanges`.

- `pRanges` is a pointer to an array of VkImageSubresourceRange structures describing a range of mipmap levels, array layers, and aspects to be cleared, as described in Image Views.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-01994
  The format features of `image` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-02658
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, and `image` was created with separate stencil usage, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` used to create `image`

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-02659
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, and `image` was not created with separate stencil usage, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` used to create `image`

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-02660
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` used to create `image`

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-00010
  If `image` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-imageLayout-00011
  `imageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresource ranges of `image` specified in `pRanges` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-imageLayout-00012
  `imageLayout` must be either of `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-aspectMask-02824
  The VkImageSubresourceRange::`aspectMask` member of each element of the `pRanges` array must not include bits other than `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-02825
  If the `image`’s format does not have a stencil component, then the VkImageSubresourceRange::`aspectMask` member of each element of the `pRanges` array must not include the `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` bit

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-02826
  If the `image`’s format does not have a depth component, then the VkImageSubresourceRange::`aspectMask` member of each element of the `pRanges` array must not include the `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` bit

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-baseMipLevel-01474
  The VkImageSubresourceRange::`baseMipLevel` members of the elements of the `pRanges` array must each be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-01694
  For each VkImageSubresourceRange element of `pRanges`, if the `levelCount` member is not `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS`, then `baseMipLevel` + `levelCount` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-baseArrayLayer-01476
  The VkImageSubresourceRange::`baseArrayLayer` members of the elements of the `pRanges` array must each be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-01695
  For each VkImageSubresourceRange element of `pRanges`, if the `layerCount` member is not `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`, then `baseArrayLayer` + `layerCount` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-00014
  `image` must have a depth/stencil format

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-commandBuffer-01807
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `image` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-commandBuffer-01808
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `image` must not be an unprotected image

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-imageLayout-parameter
  `imageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pDepthStencil-parameter
  `pDepthStencil` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkClearDepthStencilValue structure

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-pRanges-parameter
  `pRanges` must be a valid pointer to an array of `rangeCount` valid VkImageSubresourceRange structures

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-rangeCount-arraylength
  `rangeCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics

Clears outside render pass instances are treated as transfer operations for the purposes of memory barriers.

### 18.2. Clearing Images Inside A Render Pass Instance

To clear one or more regions of color and depth/stencil attachments inside a render pass instance, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdClearAttachments(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    attachmentCount,
        const VkClearAttachment*                    pAttachments,
        uint32_t                                    rectCount,
        const VkClearRect*                          pRects);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `attachmentCount` is the number of entries in the `pAttachments` array.

- `pAttachments` is a pointer to an array of VkClearAttachment structures defining the attachments to clear and the clear values to use. If any attachment index to be cleared is not backed by an image view, then the clear has no effect.

- `rectCount` is the number of entries in the `pRects` array.

- `pRects` is a pointer to an array of VkClearRect structures defining regions within each selected attachment to clear.

Unlike other clear commands, vkCmdClearAttachments executes as a drawing command, rather than a transfer command, with writes performed by it executing in rasterization order. Clears to color attachments are executed as color attachment writes, by the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT` stage. Clears to depth/stencil attachments are executed as depth writes and writes by the `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` and `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT` stages.

`vkCmdClearAttachments` is not affected by the bound pipeline state.

| Note It is generally preferable to clear attachments by using the `VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR` load operation at the start of rendering, as it is more efficient on some implementations.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-aspectMask-02501
  If the `aspectMask` member of any element of `pAttachments` contains `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, then the `colorAttachment` member of that element must either refer to a color attachment which is `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, or must be a valid color attachment

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-aspectMask-02502
  If the `aspectMask` member of any element of `pAttachments` contains `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT`, then the current subpass' depth/stencil attachment must either be `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, or must have a depth component

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-aspectMask-02503
  If the `aspectMask` member of any element of `pAttachments` contains `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, then the current subpass' depth/stencil attachment must either be `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, or must have a stencil component

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-rect-02682
  The `rect` member of each element of `pRects` must have an `extent.width` greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-rect-02683
  The `rect` member of each element of `pRects` must have an `extent.height` greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-pRects-00016
  The rectangular region specified by each element of `pRects` must be contained within the render area of the current render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-pRects-00017
  The layers specified by each element of `pRects` must be contained within every attachment that `pAttachments` refers to

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-layerCount-01934
  The `layerCount` member of each element of `pRects` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-commandBuffer-02504
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, each attachment to be cleared must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-commandBuffer-02505
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, each attachment to be cleared must not be an unprotected image

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-baseArrayLayer-00018
  If the render pass instance this is recorded in uses multiview, then `baseArrayLayer` must be zero and `layerCount` must be one

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-pAttachments-parameter
  `pAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid VkClearAttachment structures

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-pRects-parameter
  `pRects` must be a valid pointer to an array of `rectCount` VkClearRect structures

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-attachmentCount-arraylength
  `attachmentCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdClearAttachments-rectCount-arraylength
  `rectCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Inside | Graphics

The `VkClearRect` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkClearRect {
        VkRect2D    rect;
        uint32_t    baseArrayLayer;
        uint32_t    layerCount;
    } VkClearRect;

- `rect` is the two-dimensional region to be cleared.

- `baseArrayLayer` is the first layer to be cleared.

- `layerCount` is the number of layers to clear.

The layers [`baseArrayLayer`, `baseArrayLayer` + `layerCount`) counting from the base layer of the attachment image view are cleared.

The `VkClearAttachment` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkClearAttachment {
        VkImageAspectFlags    aspectMask;
        uint32_t              colorAttachment;
        VkClearValue          clearValue;
    } VkClearAttachment;

- `aspectMask` is a mask selecting the color, depth and/or stencil aspects of the attachment to be cleared.

- `colorAttachment` is only meaningful if `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT` is set in `aspectMask`, in which case it is an index into the currently bound color attachments.

- `clearValue` is the color or depth/stencil value to clear the attachment to, as described in Clear Values below.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkClearAttachment-aspectMask-00019
  If `aspectMask` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, it must not include `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-VkClearAttachment-aspectMask-00020
  `aspectMask` must not include `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT`

- VUID-VkClearAttachment-clearValue-00021
  `clearValue` must be a valid `VkClearValue` union

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkClearAttachment-aspectMask-parameter
  `aspectMask` must be a valid combination of VkImageAspectFlagBits values

- VUID-VkClearAttachment-aspectMask-requiredbitmask
  `aspectMask` must not be `0`

### 18.3. Clear Values

The `VkClearColorValue` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef union VkClearColorValue {
        float       float32[4];
        int32_t     int32[4];
        uint32_t    uint32[4];
    } VkClearColorValue;

- `float32` are the color clear values when the format of the image or attachment is one of the formats in the Interpretation of Numeric Format table other than signed integer (`SINT`) or unsigned integer (`UINT`). Floating point values are automatically converted to the format of the image, with the clear value being treated as linear if the image is sRGB.

- `int32` are the color clear values when the format of the image or attachment is signed integer (`SINT`). Signed integer values are converted to the format of the image by casting to the smaller type (with negative 32-bit values mapping to negative values in the smaller type). If the integer clear value is not representable in the target type (e.g. would overflow in conversion to that type), the clear value is undefined.

- `uint32` are the color clear values when the format of the image or attachment is unsigned integer (`UINT`). Unsigned integer values are converted to the format of the image by casting to the integer type with fewer bits.

The four array elements of the clear color map to R, G, B, and A components of image formats, in order.

If the image has more than one sample, the same value is written to all samples for any pixels being cleared.

The `VkClearDepthStencilValue` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkClearDepthStencilValue {
        float       depth;
        uint32_t    stencil;
    } VkClearDepthStencilValue;

- `depth` is the clear value for the depth aspect of the depth/stencil attachment. It is a floating-point value which is automatically converted to the attachment’s format.

- `stencil` is the clear value for the stencil aspect of the depth/stencil attachment. It is a 32-bit integer value which is converted to the attachment’s format by taking the appropriate number of LSBs.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkClearDepthStencilValue-depth-02506
  `depth` must be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive

The `VkClearValue` union is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef union VkClearValue {
        VkClearColorValue           color;
        VkClearDepthStencilValue    depthStencil;
    } VkClearValue;

- `color` specifies the color image clear values to use when clearing a color image or attachment.

- `depthStencil` specifies the depth and stencil clear values to use when clearing a depth/stencil image or attachment.

This union is used where part of the API requires either color or depth/stencil clear values, depending on the attachment, and defines the initial clear values in the VkRenderPassBeginInfo structure.

### 18.4. Filling Buffers

To clear buffer data, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdFillBuffer(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    dstBuffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                dstOffset,
        VkDeviceSize                                size,
        uint32_t                                    data);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `dstBuffer` is the buffer to be filled.

- `dstOffset` is the byte offset into the buffer at which to start filling, and must be a multiple of 4.

- `size` is the number of bytes to fill, and must be either a multiple of 4, or `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` to fill the range from `offset` to the end of the buffer. If `VK_WHOLE_SIZE` is used and the remaining size of the buffer is not a multiple of 4, then the nearest smaller multiple is used.

- `data` is the 4-byte word written repeatedly to the buffer to fill `size` bytes of data. The data word is written to memory according to the host endianness.

`vkCmdFillBuffer` is treated as a “transfer” operation for the purposes of synchronization barriers. The `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` must be specified in `usage` of VkBufferCreateInfo in order for the buffer to be compatible with `vkCmdFillBuffer`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-dstOffset-00024
  `dstOffset` must be less than the size of `dstBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-dstOffset-00025
  `dstOffset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-size-00026
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `size` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-size-00027
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `size` must be less than or equal to the size of `dstBuffer` minus `dstOffset`

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-size-00028
  If `size` is not equal to `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, `size` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-dstBuffer-00029
  `dstBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-dstBuffer-00031
  If `dstBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-commandBuffer-01811
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be a protected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-commandBuffer-01812
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be an unprotected buffer

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-dstBuffer-parameter
  `dstBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdFillBuffer-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `dstBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Transfer Graphics Compute

### 18.5. Updating Buffers

To update buffer data inline in a command buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdUpdateBuffer(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    dstBuffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                dstOffset,
        VkDeviceSize                                dataSize,
        const void*                                 pData);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `dstBuffer` is a handle to the buffer to be updated.

- `dstOffset` is the byte offset into the buffer to start updating, and must be a multiple of 4.

- `dataSize` is the number of bytes to update, and must be a multiple of 4.

- `pData` is a pointer to the source data for the buffer update, and must be at least `dataSize` bytes in size.

`dataSize` must be less than or equal to 65536 bytes. For larger updates, applications can use buffer to buffer copies.

| Note Buffer updates performed with `vkCmdUpdateBuffer` first copy the data into command buffer memory when the command is recorded (which requires additional storage and may incur an additional allocation), and then copy the data from the command buffer into `dstBuffer` when the command is executed on a device. The additional cost of this functionality compared to buffer to buffer copies means it is only recommended for very small amounts of data, and is why it is limited to only 65536 bytes. Applications can work around this by issuing multiple `vkCmdUpdateBuffer` commands to different ranges of the same buffer, but it is strongly recommended that they should not.

The source data is copied from the user pointer to the command buffer when the command is called.

`vkCmdUpdateBuffer` is only allowed outside of a render pass. This command is treated as a “transfer” operation for the purposes of synchronization barriers. The `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` must be specified in `usage` of VkBufferCreateInfo in order for the buffer to be compatible with `vkCmdUpdateBuffer`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dstOffset-00032
  `dstOffset` must be less than the size of `dstBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dataSize-00033
  `dataSize` must be less than or equal to the size of `dstBuffer` minus `dstOffset`

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dstBuffer-00034
  `dstBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dstBuffer-00035
  If `dstBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dstOffset-00036
  `dstOffset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dataSize-00037
  `dataSize` must be less than or equal to `65536`

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dataSize-00038
  `dataSize` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-commandBuffer-01813
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be a protected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-commandBuffer-01814
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be an unprotected buffer

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dstBuffer-parameter
  `dstBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-pData-parameter
  `pData` must be a valid pointer to an array of `dataSize` bytes

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-dataSize-arraylength
  `dataSize` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdUpdateBuffer-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and `dstBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Transfer Graphics Compute

| Note The `pData` parameter was of type `uint32_t*` instead of `void*` prior to version 1.0.19 of the Specification and VK_HEADER_VERSION 19 of the Vulkan Header Files. This was a historical anomaly, as the source data may be of other types.

## 19. Copy Commands

An application can copy buffer and image data using several methods depending on the type of data transfer. Data can be copied between buffer objects with `vkCmdCopyBuffer2` and `vkCmdCopyBuffer` and a portion of an image can be copied to another image with `vkCmdCopyImage2` and `vkCmdCopyImage`. Image data can also be copied to and from buffer memory using `vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2`, `vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer`, `vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2`, and `vkCmdCopyBufferToImage`. Image data can be blitted (with or without scaling and filtering) with `vkCmdBlitImage2` and `vkCmdBlitImage`. Multisampled images can be resolved to a non-multisampled image with `vkCmdResolveImage2` and `vkCmdResolveImage`.

All copy commands are treated as “transfer” operations for the purposes of synchronization barriers.

All copy commands that have a source format with an X component in its format description read undefined values from those bits.

All copy commands that have a destination format with an X component in its format description write undefined values to those bits.

### 19.1. Copying Data Between Buffers

To copy data between buffer objects, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdCopyBuffer(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    srcBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    dstBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    regionCount,
        const VkBufferCopy*                         pRegions);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `srcBuffer` is the source buffer.

- `dstBuffer` is the destination buffer.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to copy.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkBufferCopy structures specifying the regions to copy.

Each region in `pRegions` is copied from the source buffer to the same region of the destination buffer. `srcBuffer` and `dstBuffer` can be the same buffer or alias the same memory, but the resulting values are undefined if the copy regions overlap in memory.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-commandBuffer-01822
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcBuffer` must not be a protected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-commandBuffer-01823
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be a protected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-commandBuffer-01824
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be an unprotected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-srcOffset-00113
  The `srcOffset` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the size of `srcBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-dstOffset-00114
  The `dstOffset` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the size of `dstBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-size-00115
  The `size` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the size of `srcBuffer` minus `srcOffset`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-size-00116
  The `size` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the size of `dstBuffer` minus `dstOffset`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-pRegions-00117
  The union of the source regions, and the union of the destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-srcBuffer-00118
  `srcBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-srcBuffer-00119
  If `srcBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-dstBuffer-00120
  `dstBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-dstBuffer-00121
  If `dstBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-srcBuffer-parameter
  `srcBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-dstBuffer-parameter
  `dstBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkBufferCopy structures

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer-commonparent
  Each of `commandBuffer`, `dstBuffer`, and `srcBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Transfer Graphics Compute

The `VkBufferCopy` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBufferCopy {
        VkDeviceSize    srcOffset;
        VkDeviceSize    dstOffset;
        VkDeviceSize    size;
    } VkBufferCopy;

- `srcOffset` is the starting offset in bytes from the start of `srcBuffer`.

- `dstOffset` is the starting offset in bytes from the start of `dstBuffer`.

- `size` is the number of bytes to copy.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferCopy-size-01988
  The `size` must be greater than `0`

A more extensible version of the copy buffer command is defined below.

To copy data between buffer objects, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdCopyBuffer2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkCopyBufferInfo2*                    pCopyBufferInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `pCopyBufferInfo` is a pointer to a VkCopyBufferInfo2 structure describing the copy parameters.

This command is functionally identical to vkCmdCopyBuffer, but includes extensible sub-structures that include `sType` and `pNext` parameters, allowing them to be more easily extended.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer2-commandBuffer-01822
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcBuffer` must not be a protected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer2-commandBuffer-01823
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be a protected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer2-commandBuffer-01824
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be an unprotected buffer

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer2-pCopyBufferInfo-parameter
  `pCopyBufferInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkCopyBufferInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBuffer2-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Transfer Graphics Compute

The `VkCopyBufferInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkCopyBufferInfo2 {
        VkStructureType         sType;
        const void*             pNext;
        VkBuffer                srcBuffer;
        VkBuffer                dstBuffer;
        uint32_t                regionCount;
        const VkBufferCopy2*    pRegions;
    } VkCopyBufferInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcBuffer` is the source buffer.

- `dstBuffer` is the destination buffer.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to copy.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkBufferCopy2 structures specifying the regions to copy.

Members defined by this structure with the same name as parameters in vkCmdCopyBuffer have the identical effect to those parameters; the child structure VkBufferCopy2 is a variant of VkBufferCopy which includes `sType` and `pNext` parameters, allowing it to be extended.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-srcOffset-00113
  The `srcOffset` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the size of `srcBuffer`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-dstOffset-00114
  The `dstOffset` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the size of `dstBuffer`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-size-00115
  The `size` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the size of `srcBuffer` minus `srcOffset`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-size-00116
  The `size` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the size of `dstBuffer` minus `dstOffset`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-pRegions-00117
  The union of the source regions, and the union of the destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-srcBuffer-00118
  `srcBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-srcBuffer-00119
  If `srcBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-dstBuffer-00120
  `dstBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-dstBuffer-00121
  If `dstBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_BUFFER_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-srcBuffer-parameter
  `srcBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-dstBuffer-parameter
  `dstBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkBufferCopy2 structures

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferInfo2-commonparent
  Both of `dstBuffer`, and `srcBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkBufferCopy2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkBufferCopy2 {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkDeviceSize       srcOffset;
        VkDeviceSize       dstOffset;
        VkDeviceSize       size;
    } VkBufferCopy2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcOffset` is the starting offset in bytes from the start of `srcBuffer`.

- `dstOffset` is the starting offset in bytes from the start of `dstBuffer`.

- `size` is the number of bytes to copy.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferCopy2-size-01988
  The `size` must be greater than `0`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferCopy2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_COPY_2`

- VUID-VkBufferCopy2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

### 19.2. Copying Data Between Images

`vkCmdCopyImage` performs image copies in a similar manner to a host memcpy. It does not perform general-purpose conversions such as scaling, resizing, blending, color-space conversion, or format conversions. Rather, it simply copies raw image data. `vkCmdCopyImage` can copy between images with different formats, provided the formats are compatible as defined below.

To copy data between image objects, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdCopyImage(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkImage                                     srcImage,
        VkImageLayout                               srcImageLayout,
        VkImage                                     dstImage,
        VkImageLayout                               dstImageLayout,
        uint32_t                                    regionCount,
        const VkImageCopy*                          pRegions);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `srcImage` is the source image.

- `srcImageLayout` is the current layout of the source image subresource.

- `dstImage` is the destination image.

- `dstImageLayout` is the current layout of the destination image subresource.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to copy.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkImageCopy structures specifying the regions to copy.

Each region in `pRegions` is copied from the source image to the same region of the destination image. `srcImage` and `dstImage` can be the same image or alias the same memory.

The formats of `srcImage` and `dstImage` must be compatible. Formats are compatible if they share the same class, as shown in the Compatible Formats table. Depth/stencil formats must match exactly.

If either `srcImage` or `dstImage` has a multi-planar format, regions of each plane to be copied must be specified separately using the `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` members of the VkImageCopy structure. In this case, the `aspectMask` of the `srcSubresource` or `dstSubresource` that refers to the multi-planar image must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`. For the purposes of `vkCmdCopyImage`, each plane of a multi-planar image is treated as having the format listed in Compatible formats of planes of multi-planar formats for the plane identified by the `aspectMask` of the corresponding subresource. This applies both to VkFormat and to coordinates used in the copy, which correspond to texels in the plane rather than how these texels map to coordinates in the image as a whole.

| Note For example, the `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` plane of a `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_420_UNORM` image is compatible with an image of format `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM` and (less usefully) with the `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` plane of an image of format `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`, as each texel is 2 bytes in size.

`vkCmdCopyImage` allows copying between size-compatible compressed and uncompressed internal formats. Formats are size-compatible if the texel block size of the uncompressed format is equal to the texel block size of the compressed format. Such a copy does not perform on-the-fly compression or decompression. When copying from an uncompressed format to a compressed format, each texel of uncompressed data of the source image is copied as a raw value to the corresponding compressed texel block of the destination image. When copying from a compressed format to an uncompressed format, each compressed texel block of the source image is copied as a raw value to the corresponding texel of uncompressed data in the destination image. Thus, for example, it is legal to copy between a 128-bit uncompressed format and a compressed format which has a 128-bit sized compressed texel block representing 4×4 texels (using 8 bits per texel), or between a 64-bit uncompressed format and a compressed format which has a 64-bit sized compressed texel block representing 4×4 texels (using 4 bits per texel).

When copying between compressed and uncompressed formats the `extent` members represent the texel dimensions of the source image and not the destination. When copying from a compressed image to an uncompressed image the image texel dimensions written to the uncompressed image will be source extent divided by the compressed texel block dimensions. When copying from an uncompressed image to a compressed image the image texel dimensions written to the compressed image will be the source extent multiplied by the compressed texel block dimensions. In both cases the number of bytes read and the number of bytes written will be identical.

Copying to or from block-compressed images is typically done in multiples of the compressed texel block size. For this reason the `extent` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block dimension. There is one exception to this rule which is required to handle compressed images created with dimensions that are not a multiple of the compressed texel block dimensions: if the `srcImage` is compressed, then:

- If `extent.width` is not a multiple of the compressed texel block width, then (`extent.width` + `srcOffset.x`) must equal the image subresource width.

- If `extent.height` is not a multiple of the compressed texel block height, then (`extent.height` + `srcOffset.y`) must equal the image subresource height.

- If `extent.depth` is not a multiple of the compressed texel block depth, then (`extent.depth` + `srcOffset.z`) must equal the image subresource depth.

Similarly, if the `dstImage` is compressed, then:

- If `extent.width` is not a multiple of the compressed texel block width, then (`extent.width` + `dstOffset.x`) must equal the image subresource width.

- If `extent.height` is not a multiple of the compressed texel block height, then (`extent.height` + `dstOffset.y`) must equal the image subresource height.

- If `extent.depth` is not a multiple of the compressed texel block depth, then (`extent.depth` + `dstOffset.z`) must equal the image subresource depth.

This allows the last compressed texel block of the image in each non-multiple dimension to be included as a source or destination of the copy.

“`_422`” image formats that are not multi-planar are treated as having a 2×1 compressed texel block for the purposes of these rules.

`vkCmdCopyImage` can be used to copy image data between multisample images, but both images must have the same number of samples.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-commandBuffer-01825
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-commandBuffer-01826
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-commandBuffer-01827
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be an unprotected image

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-pRegions-00124
  The union of all source regions, and the union of all destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01995
  The format features of `srcImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01546
  If `srcImage` is non-sparse then the image or disjoint plane to be copied must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImageLayout-00128
  `srcImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `srcImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImageLayout-00129
  `srcImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01996
  The format features of `dstImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01547
  If `dstImage` is non-sparse then the image or disjoint plane that is the destination of the copy must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImageLayout-00133
  `dstImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `dstImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImageLayout-00134
  `dstImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01548
  If the VkFormat of each of `srcImage` and `dstImage` is not a multi-planar format, the VkFormat of each of `srcImage` and `dstImage` must be compatible, as defined above

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-None-01549
  In a copy to or from a plane of a multi-planar image, the VkFormat of the image and plane must be compatible according to the description of compatible planes for the plane being copied

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-00136
  The sample count of `srcImage` and `dstImage` must match

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcSubresource-01696
  The `srcSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstSubresource-01697
  The `dstSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcSubresource-01698
  The `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `srcSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstSubresource-01699
  The `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `dstSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcOffset-01783
  The `srcOffset` and `extent` members of each element of `pRegions` must respect the image transfer granularity requirements of `commandBuffer`’s command pool’s queue family, as described in VkQueueFamilyProperties

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstOffset-01784
  The `dstOffset` and `extent` members of each element of `pRegions` must respect the image transfer granularity requirements of `commandBuffer`’s command pool’s queue family, as described in VkQueueFamilyProperties

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01551
  If neither `srcImage` nor `dstImage` has a multi-planar image format then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` and `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must match

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01552
  If `srcImage` has a VkFormat with two planes then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01553
  If `srcImage` has a VkFormat with three planes then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01554
  If `dstImage` has a VkFormat with two planes then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01555
  If `dstImage` has a VkFormat with three planes then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01556
  If `srcImage` has a multi-planar image format and the `dstImage` does not have a multi-planar image format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01557
  If `dstImage` has a multi-planar image format and the `srcImage` does not have a multi-planar image format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-04443
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `srcSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-04444
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `dstSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-aspectMask-00142
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-aspectMask-00143
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcOffset-00144
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.x` and (`extent.width` + `srcOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcOffset-00145
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.y` and (`extent.height` + `srcOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-00146
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.y` must be `0` and `extent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcOffset-00147
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.z` and (`extent.depth` + `srcOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01785
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.z` must be `0` and `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01786
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.z` must be `0` and `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01787
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.z` must be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01788
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.z` must be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01790
  If `srcImage` and `dstImage` are both of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01791
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.depth` must equal `srcSubresource.layerCount`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01792
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.depth` must equal `dstSubresource.layerCount`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstOffset-00150
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.x` and (`extent.width` + `dstOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstOffset-00151
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.y` and (`extent.height` + `dstOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-00152
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.y` must be `0` and `extent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstOffset-00153
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.z` and (`extent.depth` + `dstOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01727
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, all members of `srcOffset` must be a multiple of the corresponding dimensions of the compressed texel block

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01728
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.width` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width or (`extent.width` + `srcOffset.x`) must equal the width of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01729
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.height` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height or (`extent.height` + `srcOffset.y`) must equal the height of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-01730
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.depth` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block depth or (`extent.depth` + `srcOffset.z`) must equal the depth of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01731
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, all members of `dstOffset` must be a multiple of the corresponding dimensions of the compressed texel block

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01732
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.width` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width or (`extent.width` + `dstOffset.x`) must equal the width of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01733
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.height` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height or (`extent.height` + `dstOffset.y`) must equal the height of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-01734
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.depth` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block depth or (`extent.depth` + `dstOffset.z`) must equal the depth of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-aspect-06662
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes any flag other than `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` or `srcImage` was not created with separate stencil usage, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` used to create `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-aspect-06663
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes any flag other than `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` or `dstImage` was not created with separate stencil usage, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` used to create `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-aspect-06664
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, and `srcImage` was created with separate stencil usage, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` used to create `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-aspect-06665
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, and `dstImage` was created with separate stencil usage, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` used to create `dstImage`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImage-parameter
  `srcImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-srcImageLayout-parameter
  `srcImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImage-parameter
  `dstImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-dstImageLayout-parameter
  `dstImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkImageCopy structures

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage-commonparent
  Each of `commandBuffer`, `dstImage`, and `srcImage` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Transfer Graphics Compute

The `VkImageCopy` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageCopy {
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    srcSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  srcOffset;
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    dstSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  dstOffset;
        VkExtent3D                  extent;
    } VkImageCopy;

- `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` are VkImageSubresourceLayers structures specifying the image subresources of the images used for the source and destination image data, respectively.

- `srcOffset` and `dstOffset` select the initial `x`, `y`, and `z` offsets in texels of the sub-regions of the source and destination image data.

- `extent` is the size in texels of the image to copy in `width`, `height` and `depth`.

For `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` images, copies are performed slice by slice starting with the `z` member of the `srcOffset` or `dstOffset`, and copying `depth` slices. For images with multiple layers, copies are performed layer by layer starting with the `baseArrayLayer` member of the `srcSubresource` or `dstSubresource` and copying `layerCount` layers. Image data can be copied between images with different image types. If one image is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` and the other image is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` with multiple layers, then each slice is copied to or from a different layer.

Copies involving a multi-planar image format specify the region to be copied in terms of the plane to be copied, not the coordinates of the multi-planar image. This means that copies accessing the R/B planes of “`_422`” format images must fit the copied region within half the `width` of the parent image, and that copies accessing the R/B planes of “`_420`” format images must fit the copied region within half the `width` and `height` of the parent image.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageCopy-extent-00140
  The number of slices of the `extent` (for 3D) or layers of the `srcSubresource` (for non-3D) must match the number of slices of the `extent` (for 3D) or layers of the `dstSubresource` (for non-3D)

- VUID-VkImageCopy-extent-06668
  `extent.width` must not be 0

- VUID-VkImageCopy-extent-06669
  `extent.height` must not be 0

- VUID-VkImageCopy-extent-06670
  `extent.depth` must not be 0

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageCopy-srcSubresource-parameter
  `srcSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

- VUID-VkImageCopy-dstSubresource-parameter
  `dstSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

The `VkImageSubresourceLayers` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageSubresourceLayers {
        VkImageAspectFlags    aspectMask;
        uint32_t              mipLevel;
        uint32_t              baseArrayLayer;
        uint32_t              layerCount;
    } VkImageSubresourceLayers;

- `aspectMask` is a combination of VkImageAspectFlagBits, selecting the color, depth and/or stencil aspects to be copied.

- `mipLevel` is the mipmap level to copy

- `baseArrayLayer` and `layerCount` are the starting layer and number of layers to copy.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceLayers-aspectMask-00167
  If `aspectMask` contains `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, it must not contain either of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceLayers-aspectMask-00168
  `aspectMask` must not contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceLayers-layerCount-01700
  `layerCount` must be greater than 0

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceLayers-aspectMask-parameter
  `aspectMask` must be a valid combination of VkImageAspectFlagBits values

- VUID-VkImageSubresourceLayers-aspectMask-requiredbitmask
  `aspectMask` must not be `0`

A more extensible version of the copy image command is defined below.

To copy data between image objects, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdCopyImage2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkCopyImageInfo2*                     pCopyImageInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `pCopyImageInfo` is a pointer to a VkCopyImageInfo2 structure describing the copy parameters.

This command is functionally identical to vkCmdCopyImage, but includes extensible sub-structures that include `sType` and `pNext` parameters, allowing them to be more easily extended.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage2-commandBuffer-01825
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage2-commandBuffer-01826
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage2-commandBuffer-01827
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be an unprotected image

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage2-pCopyImageInfo-parameter
  `pCopyImageInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkCopyImageInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImage2-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Transfer Graphics Compute

The `VkCopyImageInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkCopyImageInfo2 {
        VkStructureType        sType;
        const void*            pNext;
        VkImage                srcImage;
        VkImageLayout          srcImageLayout;
        VkImage                dstImage;
        VkImageLayout          dstImageLayout;
        uint32_t               regionCount;
        const VkImageCopy2*    pRegions;
    } VkCopyImageInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcImage` is the source image.

- `srcImageLayout` is the current layout of the source image subresource.

- `dstImage` is the destination image.

- `dstImageLayout` is the current layout of the destination image subresource.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to copy.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkImageCopy2 structures specifying the regions to copy.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-pRegions-00124
  The union of all source regions, and the union of all destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01995
  The format features of `srcImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01546
  If `srcImage` is non-sparse then the image or disjoint plane to be copied must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImageLayout-00128
  `srcImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `srcImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImageLayout-00129
  `srcImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01996
  The format features of `dstImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01547
  If `dstImage` is non-sparse then the image or disjoint plane that is the destination of the copy must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-00133
  `dstImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `dstImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-00134
  `dstImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01548
  If the VkFormat of each of `srcImage` and `dstImage` is not a multi-planar format, the VkFormat of each of `srcImage` and `dstImage` must be compatible, as defined above

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-None-01549
  In a copy to or from a plane of a multi-planar image, the VkFormat of the image and plane must be compatible according to the description of compatible planes for the plane being copied

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-00136
  The sample count of `srcImage` and `dstImage` must match

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcSubresource-01696
  The `srcSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstSubresource-01697
  The `dstSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcSubresource-01698
  The `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `srcSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstSubresource-01699
  The `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `dstSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcOffset-01783
  The `srcOffset` and `extent` members of each element of `pRegions` must respect the image transfer granularity requirements of `commandBuffer`’s command pool’s queue family, as described in VkQueueFamilyProperties

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstOffset-01784
  The `dstOffset` and `extent` members of each element of `pRegions` must respect the image transfer granularity requirements of `commandBuffer`’s command pool’s queue family, as described in VkQueueFamilyProperties

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01551
  If neither `srcImage` nor `dstImage` has a multi-planar image format then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` and `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must match

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01552
  If `srcImage` has a VkFormat with two planes then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01553
  If `srcImage` has a VkFormat with three planes then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01554
  If `dstImage` has a VkFormat with two planes then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01555
  If `dstImage` has a VkFormat with three planes then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01556
  If `srcImage` has a multi-planar image format and the `dstImage` does not have a multi-planar image format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01557
  If `dstImage` has a multi-planar image format and the `srcImage` does not have a multi-planar image format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-04443
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `srcSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-04444
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `dstSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-aspectMask-00142
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-aspectMask-00143
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcOffset-00144
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.x` and (`extent.width` + `srcOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcOffset-00145
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.y` and (`extent.height` + `srcOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-00146
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.y` must be `0` and `extent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcOffset-00147
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.z` and (`extent.depth` + `srcOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01785
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.z` must be `0` and `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01786
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.z` must be `0` and `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01787
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.z` must be `0`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01788
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.z` must be `0`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01790
  If `srcImage` and `dstImage` are both of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01791
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.depth` must equal `srcSubresource.layerCount`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01792
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, and `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.depth` must equal `dstSubresource.layerCount`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstOffset-00150
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.x` and (`extent.width` + `dstOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstOffset-00151
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.y` and (`extent.height` + `dstOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-00152
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.y` must be `0` and `extent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstOffset-00153
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.z` and (`extent.depth` + `dstOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01727
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, all members of `srcOffset` must be a multiple of the corresponding dimensions of the compressed texel block

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01728
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.width` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width or (`extent.width` + `srcOffset.x`) must equal the width of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01729
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.height` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height or (`extent.height` + `srcOffset.y`) must equal the height of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-01730
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.depth` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block depth or (`extent.depth` + `srcOffset.z`) must equal the depth of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01731
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, all members of `dstOffset` must be a multiple of the corresponding dimensions of the compressed texel block

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01732
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.width` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width or (`extent.width` + `dstOffset.x`) must equal the width of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01733
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.height` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height or (`extent.height` + `dstOffset.y`) must equal the height of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-01734
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, then for each element of `pRegions`, `extent.depth` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block depth or (`extent.depth` + `dstOffset.z`) must equal the depth of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-aspect-06662
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes any flag other than `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` or `srcImage` was not created with separate stencil usage, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` used to create `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-aspect-06663
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes any flag other than `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` or `dstImage` was not created with separate stencil usage, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageCreateInfo::`usage` used to create `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-aspect-06664
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, and `srcImage` was created with separate stencil usage, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` used to create `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-aspect-06665
  If the `aspect` member of any element of `pRanges` includes `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`, and `dstImage` was created with separate stencil usage, `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` must have been included in the VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo::`stencilUsage` used to create `dstImage`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_IMAGE_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImage-parameter
  `srcImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-srcImageLayout-parameter
  `srcImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImage-parameter
  `dstImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-parameter
  `dstImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkImageCopy2 structures

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkCopyImageInfo2-commonparent
  Both of `dstImage`, and `srcImage` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkImageCopy2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkImageCopy2 {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    srcSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  srcOffset;
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    dstSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  dstOffset;
        VkExtent3D                  extent;
    } VkImageCopy2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` are VkImageSubresourceLayers structures specifying the image subresources of the images used for the source and destination image data, respectively.

- `srcOffset` and `dstOffset` select the initial `x`, `y`, and `z` offsets in texels of the sub-regions of the source and destination image data.

- `extent` is the size in texels of the image to copy in `width`, `height` and `depth`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageCopy2-extent-00140
  The number of slices of the `extent` (for 3D) or layers of the `srcSubresource` (for non-3D) must match the number of slices of the `extent` (for 3D) or layers of the `dstSubresource` (for non-3D)

- VUID-VkImageCopy2-extent-06668
  `extent.width` must not be 0

- VUID-VkImageCopy2-extent-06669
  `extent.height` must not be 0

- VUID-VkImageCopy2-extent-06670
  `extent.depth` must not be 0

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageCopy2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_COPY_2`

- VUID-VkImageCopy2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageCopy2-srcSubresource-parameter
  `srcSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

- VUID-VkImageCopy2-dstSubresource-parameter
  `dstSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

### 19.3. Copying Data Between Buffers and Images

To copy data from a buffer object to an image object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    srcBuffer,
        VkImage                                     dstImage,
        VkImageLayout                               dstImageLayout,
        uint32_t                                    regionCount,
        const VkBufferImageCopy*                    pRegions);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `srcBuffer` is the source buffer.

- `dstImage` is the destination image.

- `dstImageLayout` is the layout of the destination image subresources for the copy.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to copy.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkBufferImageCopy structures specifying the regions to copy.

Each region in `pRegions` is copied from the specified region of the source buffer to the specified region of the destination image.

If `dstImage` has a multi-planar format, regions of each plane to be a target of a copy must be specified separately using the `pRegions` member of the VkBufferImageCopy structure. In this case, the `aspectMask` of `imageSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`. For the purposes of `vkCmdCopyBufferToImage`, each plane of a multi-planar image is treated as having the format listed in Compatible formats of planes of multi-planar formats for the plane identified by the `aspectMask` of the corresponding subresource. This applies both to VkFormat and to coordinates used in the copy, which correspond to texels in the plane rather than how these texels map to coordinates in the image as a whole.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-commandBuffer-01828
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcBuffer` must not be a protected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-commandBuffer-01829
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-commandBuffer-01830
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be an unprotected image

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-pRegions-06217
  The image region specified by each element of `pRegions` must be contained within the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-pRegions-00171
  `srcBuffer` must be large enough to contain all buffer locations that are accessed according to Buffer and Image Addressing, for each element of `pRegions`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-pRegions-00173
  The union of all source regions, and the union of all destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-srcBuffer-00174
  `srcBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-dstImage-01997
  The format features of `dstImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-srcBuffer-00176
  If `srcBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-dstImage-00177
  `dstImage` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-dstImage-00178
  If `dstImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-dstImage-00179
  `dstImage` must have a sample count equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-dstImageLayout-00180
  `dstImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `dstImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-dstImageLayout-00181
  `dstImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-imageSubresource-01701
  The `imageSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-imageSubresource-01702
  The `imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `imageSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-imageOffset-01793
  The `imageOffset` and `imageExtent` members of each element of `pRegions` must respect the image transfer granularity requirements of `commandBuffer`’s command pool’s queue family, as described in VkQueueFamilyProperties

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-None-00214
  For each element of `pRegions` whose `imageSubresource` contains a depth aspect, the data in `srcBuffer` must be in the range [0,1]

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-commandBuffer-04477
  If the queue family used to create the VkCommandPool which `commandBuffer` was allocated from does not support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`, for each element of `pRegions`, the `aspectMask` member of `imageSubresource` must not be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-pRegions-06218
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.x` and (`imageExtent.width` + `imageOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-pRegions-06219
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.y` and (`imageExtent.height` + `imageOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-bufferOffset-01558
  If `dstImage` does not have either a depth/stencil or a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the format’s texel block size

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-bufferOffset-01559
  If `dstImage` has a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the element size of the compatible format for the format and the `aspectMask` of the `imageSubresource` as defined in Compatible formats of planes of multi-planar formats

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-srcImage-00199
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.y` must be `0` and `imageExtent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-imageOffset-00200
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.z` and (`imageExtent.depth` + `imageOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-srcImage-00201
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.z` must be `0` and `imageExtent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-bufferRowLength-00203
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-bufferImageHeight-00204
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferImageHeight` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-imageOffset-00205
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, all members of `imageOffset` must be a multiple of the corresponding dimensions of the compressed texel block

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-bufferOffset-00206
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block size in bytes

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-imageExtent-00207
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.width` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width or (`imageExtent.width` + `imageOffset.x`) must equal the width of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-imageExtent-00208
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.height` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height or (`imageExtent.height` + `imageOffset.y`) must equal the height of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-imageExtent-00209
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.depth` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block depth or (`imageExtent.depth` + `imageOffset.z`) must equal the depth of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-aspectMask-00211
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-aspectMask-01560
  If `dstImage` has a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` (with `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` valid only for image formats with three planes)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-baseArrayLayer-00213
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `imageSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-pRegions-04725
  If `dstImage` is not a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` multiplied by the texel block size of `dstImage` must be less than or equal to 231-1

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-pRegions-04726
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` divided by the compressed texel block width and then multiplied by the texel block size of `dstImage` must be less than or equal to 231-1

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-commandBuffer-04052
  If the queue family used to create the VkCommandPool which `commandBuffer` was allocated from does not support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`, the `bufferOffset` member of any element of `pRegions` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-srcImage-04053
  If `dstImage` has a depth/stencil format, the `bufferOffset` member of any element of `pRegions` must be a multiple of `4`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-srcBuffer-parameter
  `srcBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-dstImage-parameter
  `dstImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-dstImageLayout-parameter
  `dstImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkBufferImageCopy structures

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage-commonparent
  Each of `commandBuffer`, `dstImage`, and `srcBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Transfer Graphics Compute

To copy data from an image object to a buffer object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkImage                                     srcImage,
        VkImageLayout                               srcImageLayout,
        VkBuffer                                    dstBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    regionCount,
        const VkBufferImageCopy*                    pRegions);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `srcImage` is the source image.

- `srcImageLayout` is the layout of the source image subresources for the copy.

- `dstBuffer` is the destination buffer.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to copy.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkBufferImageCopy structures specifying the regions to copy.

Each region in `pRegions` is copied from the specified region of the source image to the specified region of the destination buffer.

If `srcImage` has a multi-planar format, regions of each plane to be a source of a copy must be specified separately using the `pRegions` member of the VkBufferImageCopy structure. In this case, the `aspectMask` of `imageSubresource` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`. For the purposes of `vkCmdCopyBufferToImage`, each plane of a multi-planar image is treated as having the format listed in Compatible formats of planes of multi-planar formats for the plane identified by the `aspectMask` of the corresponding subresource. This applies both to VkFormat and to coordinates used in the copy, which correspond to texels in the plane rather than how these texels map to coordinates in the image as a whole.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-commandBuffer-01831
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-commandBuffer-01832
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be a protected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-commandBuffer-01833
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be an unprotected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-pRegions-06220
  The image region specified by each element of `pRegions` must be contained within the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-pRegions-00183
  `dstBuffer` must be large enough to contain all buffer locations that are accessed according to Buffer and Image Addressing, for each element of `pRegions`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-pRegions-00184
  The union of all source regions, and the union of all destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImage-00186
  `srcImage` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImage-01998
  The format features of `srcImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImage-00187
  If `srcImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-dstBuffer-00191
  `dstBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-dstBuffer-00192
  If `dstBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImage-00188
  `srcImage` must have a sample count equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImageLayout-00189
  `srcImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `srcImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImageLayout-00190
  `srcImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-imageSubresource-01703
  The `imageSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-imageSubresource-01704
  The `imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `imageSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-imageOffset-01794
  The `imageOffset` and `imageExtent` members of each element of `pRegions` must respect the image transfer granularity requirements of `commandBuffer`’s command pool’s queue family, as described in VkQueueFamilyProperties

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-pRegions-06221
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.x` and (`imageExtent.width` + `imageOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-pRegions-06222
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.y` and (imageExtent.height + `imageOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-bufferOffset-01558
  If `srcImage` does not have either a depth/stencil or a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the format’s texel block size

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-bufferOffset-01559
  If `srcImage` has a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the element size of the compatible format for the format and the `aspectMask` of the `imageSubresource` as defined in Compatible formats of planes of multi-planar formats

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImage-00199
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.y` must be `0` and `imageExtent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-imageOffset-00200
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.z` and (`imageExtent.depth` + `imageOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImage-00201
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.z` must be `0` and `imageExtent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-bufferRowLength-00203
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-bufferImageHeight-00204
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferImageHeight` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-imageOffset-00205
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, all members of `imageOffset` must be a multiple of the corresponding dimensions of the compressed texel block

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-bufferOffset-00206
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block size in bytes

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-imageExtent-00207
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.width` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width or (`imageExtent.width` + `imageOffset.x`) must equal the width of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-imageExtent-00208
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.height` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height or (`imageExtent.height` + `imageOffset.y`) must equal the height of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-imageExtent-00209
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.depth` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block depth or (`imageExtent.depth` + `imageOffset.z`) must equal the depth of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-aspectMask-00211
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-aspectMask-01560
  If `srcImage` has a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` (with `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` valid only for image formats with three planes)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-baseArrayLayer-00213
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `imageSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-pRegions-04725
  If `srcImage` is not a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` multiplied by the texel block size of `srcImage` must be less than or equal to 231-1

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-pRegions-04726
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` divided by the compressed texel block width and then multiplied by the texel block size of `srcImage` must be less than or equal to 231-1

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-commandBuffer-04052
  If the queue family used to create the VkCommandPool which `commandBuffer` was allocated from does not support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`, the `bufferOffset` member of any element of `pRegions` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImage-04053
  If `srcImage` has a depth/stencil format, the `bufferOffset` member of any element of `pRegions` must be a multiple of `4`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImage-parameter
  `srcImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-srcImageLayout-parameter
  `srcImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-dstBuffer-parameter
  `dstBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkBufferImageCopy structures

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer-commonparent
  Each of `commandBuffer`, `dstBuffer`, and `srcImage` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Transfer Graphics Compute

For both vkCmdCopyBufferToImage and vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer, each element of `pRegions` is a structure defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBufferImageCopy {
        VkDeviceSize                bufferOffset;
        uint32_t                    bufferRowLength;
        uint32_t                    bufferImageHeight;
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    imageSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  imageOffset;
        VkExtent3D                  imageExtent;
    } VkBufferImageCopy;

- `bufferOffset` is the offset in bytes from the start of the buffer object where the image data is copied from or to.

- `bufferRowLength` and `bufferImageHeight` specify in texels a subregion of a larger two- or three-dimensional image in buffer memory, and control the addressing calculations. If either of these values is zero, that aspect of the buffer memory is considered to be tightly packed according to the `imageExtent`.

- `imageSubresource` is a VkImageSubresourceLayers used to specify the specific image subresources of the image used for the source or destination image data.

- `imageOffset` selects the initial `x`, `y`, `z` offsets in texels of the sub-region of the source or destination image data.

- `imageExtent` is the size in texels of the image to copy in `width`, `height` and `depth`.

When copying to or from a depth or stencil aspect, the data in buffer memory uses a layout that is a (mostly) tightly packed representation of the depth or stencil data. Specifically:

- data copied to or from the stencil aspect of any depth/stencil format is tightly packed with one `VK_FORMAT_S8_UINT` value per texel.

- data copied to or from the depth aspect of a `VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM` or `VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT` format is tightly packed with one `VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM` value per texel.

- data copied to or from the depth aspect of a `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT` or `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT` format is tightly packed with one `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT` value per texel.

- data copied to or from the depth aspect of a `VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32` or `VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT` format is packed with one 32-bit word per texel with the D24 value in the LSBs of the word, and undefined values in the eight MSBs.

| Note To copy both the depth and stencil aspects of a depth/stencil format, two entries in `pRegions` can be used, where one specifies the depth aspect in `imageSubresource`, and the other specifies the stencil aspect.

Because depth or stencil aspect buffer to image copies may require format conversions on some implementations, they are not supported on queues that do not support graphics.

When copying to a depth aspect, the data in buffer memory must be in the range [0,1], or the resulting values are undefined.

Copies are done layer by layer starting with image layer `baseArrayLayer` member of `imageSubresource`. `layerCount` layers are copied from the source image or to the destination image.

For purpose of valid usage statements here and in related copy commands, a blocked image is defined as:

- an image with a single-plane, “`_422`” format, which is treated as a format with a 2 × 1 compressed texel block, or

- a compressed image.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy-bufferRowLength-00195
  `bufferRowLength` must be `0`, or greater than or equal to the `width` member of `imageExtent`

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy-bufferImageHeight-00196
  `bufferImageHeight` must be `0`, or greater than or equal to the `height` member of `imageExtent`

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy-aspectMask-00212
  The `aspectMask` member of `imageSubresource` must only have a single bit set

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy-imageExtent-06659
  `imageExtent.width` must not be 0

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy-imageExtent-06660
  `imageExtent.height` must not be 0

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy-imageExtent-06661
  `imageExtent.depth` must not be 0

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy-imageSubresource-parameter
  `imageSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

More extensible versions of the commands to copy between buffers and images are defined below.

To copy data from a buffer object to an image object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2*             pCopyBufferToImageInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `pCopyBufferToImageInfo` is a pointer to a VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2 structure describing the copy parameters.

This command is functionally identical to vkCmdCopyBufferToImage, but includes extensible sub-structures that include `sType` and `pNext` parameters, allowing them to be more easily extended.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2-commandBuffer-01828
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcBuffer` must not be a protected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2-commandBuffer-01829
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2-commandBuffer-01830
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be an unprotected image

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2-pCopyBufferToImageInfo-parameter
  `pCopyBufferToImageInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Transfer Graphics Compute

The `VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2 {
        VkStructureType              sType;
        const void*                  pNext;
        VkBuffer                     srcBuffer;
        VkImage                      dstImage;
        VkImageLayout                dstImageLayout;
        uint32_t                     regionCount;
        const VkBufferImageCopy2*    pRegions;
    } VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcBuffer` is the source buffer.

- `dstImage` is the destination image.

- `dstImageLayout` is the layout of the destination image subresources for the copy.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to copy.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkBufferImageCopy2 structures specifying the regions to copy.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-pRegions-00172
  The image region specified by each element of `pRegions` must be contained within the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-pRegions-00171
  `srcBuffer` must be large enough to contain all buffer locations that are accessed according to Buffer and Image Addressing, for each element of `pRegions`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-pRegions-00173
  The union of all source regions, and the union of all destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-srcBuffer-00174
  `srcBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-dstImage-01997
  The format features of `dstImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-srcBuffer-00176
  If `srcBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-dstImage-00177
  `dstImage` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-dstImage-00178
  If `dstImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-dstImage-00179
  `dstImage` must have a sample count equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-00180
  `dstImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `dstImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-00181
  `dstImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-imageSubresource-01701
  The `imageSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-imageSubresource-01702
  The `imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `imageSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-imageOffset-01793
  The `imageOffset` and `imageExtent` members of each element of `pRegions` must respect the image transfer granularity requirements of `commandBuffer`’s command pool’s queue family, as described in VkQueueFamilyProperties

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-None-00214
  For each element of `pRegions` whose `imageSubresource` contains a depth aspect, the data in `srcBuffer` must be in the range [0,1]

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-commandBuffer-04477
  If the queue family used to create the VkCommandPool which `commandBuffer` was allocated from does not support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT`, for each element of `pRegions`, the `aspectMask` member of `imageSubresource` must not be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-pRegions-06223
  For each element of `pRegions` not containing `VkCopyCommandTransformInfoQCOM` in its `pNext` chain, `imageOffset.x` and (`imageExtent.width` + `imageOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-pRegions-06224
  For each element of `pRegions` not containing `VkCopyCommandTransformInfoQCOM` in its `pNext` chain, `imageOffset.y` and (`imageExtent.height` + `imageOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-bufferOffset-01558
  If `dstImage` does not have either a depth/stencil or a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the format’s texel block size

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-bufferOffset-01559
  If `dstImage` has a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the element size of the compatible format for the format and the `aspectMask` of the `imageSubresource` as defined in Compatible formats of planes of multi-planar formats

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-srcImage-00199
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.y` must be `0` and `imageExtent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-imageOffset-00200
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.z` and (`imageExtent.depth` + `imageOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-srcImage-00201
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.z` must be `0` and `imageExtent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-bufferRowLength-00203
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-bufferImageHeight-00204
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferImageHeight` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-imageOffset-00205
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, all members of `imageOffset` must be a multiple of the corresponding dimensions of the compressed texel block

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-bufferOffset-00206
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block size in bytes

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-imageExtent-00207
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.width` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width or (`imageExtent.width` + `imageOffset.x`) must equal the width of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-imageExtent-00208
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.height` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height or (`imageExtent.height` + `imageOffset.y`) must equal the height of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-imageExtent-00209
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.depth` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block depth or (`imageExtent.depth` + `imageOffset.z`) must equal the depth of the specified `imageSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-aspectMask-00211
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `dstImage`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-aspectMask-01560
  If `dstImage` has a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` (with `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` valid only for image formats with three planes)

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-baseArrayLayer-00213
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `imageSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-pRegions-04725
  If `dstImage` is not a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` multiplied by the texel block size of `dstImage` must be less than or equal to 231-1

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-pRegions-04726
  If `dstImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` divided by the compressed texel block width and then multiplied by the texel block size of `dstImage` must be less than or equal to 231-1

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-commandBuffer-04052
  If the queue family used to create the VkCommandPool which `commandBuffer` was allocated from does not support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`, the `bufferOffset` member of any element of `pRegions` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-srcImage-04053
  If `dstImage` has a depth/stencil format, the `bufferOffset` member of any element of `pRegions` must be a multiple of `4`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_BUFFER_TO_IMAGE_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-srcBuffer-parameter
  `srcBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-dstImage-parameter
  `dstImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-parameter
  `dstImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkBufferImageCopy2 structures

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2-commonparent
  Both of `dstImage`, and `srcBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

To copy data from an image object to a buffer object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2*             pCopyImageToBufferInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `pCopyImageToBufferInfo` is a pointer to a VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2 structure describing the copy parameters.

This command is functionally identical to vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer, but includes extensible sub-structures that include `sType` and `pNext` parameters, allowing them to be more easily extended.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2-commandBuffer-01831
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2-commandBuffer-01832
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be a protected buffer

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2-commandBuffer-01833
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstBuffer` must not be an unprotected buffer

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2-pCopyImageToBufferInfo-parameter
  `pCopyImageToBufferInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support transfer, graphics, or compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Transfer Graphics Compute

The `VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2 {
        VkStructureType              sType;
        const void*                  pNext;
        VkImage                      srcImage;
        VkImageLayout                srcImageLayout;
        VkBuffer                     dstBuffer;
        uint32_t                     regionCount;
        const VkBufferImageCopy2*    pRegions;
    } VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcImage` is the source image.

- `srcImageLayout` is the layout of the source image subresources for the copy.

- `dstBuffer` is the destination buffer.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to copy.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkBufferImageCopy2 structures specifying the regions to copy.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-pRegions-00182
  The image region specified by each element of `pRegions` must be contained within the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-pRegions-00183
  `dstBuffer` must be large enough to contain all buffer locations that are accessed according to Buffer and Image Addressing, for each element of `pRegions`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-pRegions-00184
  The union of all source regions, and the union of all destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImage-00186
  `srcImage` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImage-01998
  The format features of `srcImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImage-00187
  If `srcImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-dstBuffer-00191
  `dstBuffer` must have been created with `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-dstBuffer-00192
  If `dstBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImage-00188
  `srcImage` must have a sample count equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImageLayout-00189
  `srcImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `srcImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImageLayout-00190
  `srcImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-imageSubresource-01703
  The `imageSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-imageSubresource-01704
  The `imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `imageSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-imageOffset-01794
  The `imageOffset` and `imageExtent` members of each element of `pRegions` must respect the image transfer granularity requirements of `commandBuffer`’s command pool’s queue family, as described in VkQueueFamilyProperties

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-imageOffset-00197
  For each element of `pRegions` not containing `VkCopyCommandTransformInfoQCOM` in its `pNext` chain, `imageOffset.x` and (`imageExtent.width` + `imageOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-imageOffset-00198
  For each element of `pRegions` not containing `VkCopyCommandTransformInfoQCOM` in its `pNext` chain, `imageOffset.y` and (`imageExtent.height` + `imageOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-bufferOffset-01558
  If `srcImage` does not have either a depth/stencil or a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the format’s texel block size

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-bufferOffset-01559
  If `srcImage` has a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the element size of the compatible format for the format and the `aspectMask` of the `imageSubresource` as defined in Compatible formats of planes of multi-planar formats

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImage-00199
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.y` must be `0` and `imageExtent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-imageOffset-00200
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.z` and (`imageExtent.depth` + `imageOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImage-00201
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageOffset.z` must be `0` and `imageExtent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-bufferRowLength-00203
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-bufferImageHeight-00204
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferImageHeight` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-imageOffset-00205
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, all members of `imageOffset` must be a multiple of the corresponding dimensions of the compressed texel block

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-bufferOffset-00206
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferOffset` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block size in bytes

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-imageExtent-00207
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.width` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block width or (`imageExtent.width` + `imageOffset.x`) must equal the width of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-imageExtent-00208
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.height` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block height or (`imageExtent.height` + `imageOffset.y`) must equal the height of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-imageExtent-00209
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageExtent.depth` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block depth or (`imageExtent.depth` + `imageOffset.z`) must equal the depth of the specified `imageSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-aspectMask-00211
  For each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `srcImage`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-aspectMask-01560
  If `srcImage` has a multi-planar format, then for each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.aspectMask` must be `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` (with `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` valid only for image formats with three planes)

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-baseArrayLayer-00213
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, for each element of `pRegions`, `imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `imageSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-pRegions-04725
  If `srcImage` is not a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` multiplied by the texel block size of `srcImage` must be less than or equal to 231-1

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-pRegions-04726
  If `srcImage` is a blocked image, for each element of `pRegions`, `bufferRowLength` divided by the compressed texel block width and then multiplied by the texel block size of `srcImage` must be less than or equal to 231-1

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-commandBuffer-04052
  If the queue family used to create the VkCommandPool which `commandBuffer` was allocated from does not support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`, the `bufferOffset` member of any element of `pRegions` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImage-04053
  If `srcImage` has a depth/stencil format, the `bufferOffset` member of any element of `pRegions` must be a multiple of `4`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_IMAGE_TO_BUFFER_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImage-parameter
  `srcImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-srcImageLayout-parameter
  `srcImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-dstBuffer-parameter
  `dstBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkBufferImageCopy2 structures

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2-commonparent
  Both of `dstBuffer`, and `srcImage` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

For both vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2 and vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2, each element of `pRegions` is a structure defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkBufferImageCopy2 {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkDeviceSize                bufferOffset;
        uint32_t                    bufferRowLength;
        uint32_t                    bufferImageHeight;
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    imageSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  imageOffset;
        VkExtent3D                  imageExtent;
    } VkBufferImageCopy2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `bufferOffset` is the offset in bytes from the start of the buffer object where the image data is copied from or to.

- `bufferRowLength` and `bufferImageHeight` specify in texels a subregion of a larger two- or three-dimensional image in buffer memory, and control the addressing calculations. If either of these values is zero, that aspect of the buffer memory is considered to be tightly packed according to the `imageExtent`.

- `imageSubresource` is a VkImageSubresourceLayers used to specify the specific image subresources of the image used for the source or destination image data.

- `imageOffset` selects the initial `x`, `y`, `z` offsets in texels of the sub-region of the source or destination image data.

- `imageExtent` is the size in texels of the image to copy in `width`, `height` and `depth`.

This structure is functionally identical to VkBufferImageCopy, but adds `sType` and `pNext` parameters, allowing it to be more easily extended.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy2-bufferRowLength-00195
  `bufferRowLength` must be `0`, or greater than or equal to the `width` member of `imageExtent`

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy2-bufferImageHeight-00196
  `bufferImageHeight` must be `0`, or greater than or equal to the `height` member of `imageExtent`

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy2-aspectMask-00212
  The `aspectMask` member of `imageSubresource` must only have a single bit set

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy2-imageExtent-06659
  `imageExtent.width` must not be 0

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy2-imageExtent-06660
  `imageExtent.height` must not be 0

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy2-imageExtent-06661
  `imageExtent.depth` must not be 0

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_IMAGE_COPY_2`

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkBufferImageCopy2-imageSubresource-parameter
  `imageSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

#### 19.3.1. Buffer and Image Addressing

Pseudocode for image/buffer addressing of uncompressed formats is:

    rowLength = region->bufferRowLength;
    if (rowLength == 0)
        rowLength = region->imageExtent.width;

    imageHeight = region->bufferImageHeight;
    if (imageHeight == 0)
        imageHeight = region->imageExtent.height;

    texelBlockSize = <texel block size of the format of the src/dstImage>;

    address of (x,y,z) = region->bufferOffset + (((z * imageHeight) + y) * rowLength + x) * texelBlockSize;

    where x,y,z range from (0,0,0) to region->imageExtent.{width,height,depth}.

Note that `imageOffset` does not affect addressing calculations for buffer memory. Instead, `bufferOffset` can be used to select the starting address in buffer memory.

For block-compressed formats, all parameters are still specified in texels rather than compressed texel blocks, but the addressing math operates on whole compressed texel blocks. Pseudocode for compressed copy addressing is:

    rowLength = region->bufferRowLength;
    if (rowLength == 0)
        rowLength = region->imageExtent.width;

    imageHeight = region->bufferImageHeight;
    if (imageHeight == 0)
        imageHeight = region->imageExtent.height;

    compressedTexelBlockSizeInBytes = <compressed texel block size taken from the src/dstImage>;
    rowLength = (rowLength + compressedTexelBlockWidth - 1) / compressedTexelBlockWidth;
    imageHeight = (imageHeight + compressedTexelBlockHeight - 1) / compressedTexelBlockHeight;

    address of (x,y,z) = region->bufferOffset + (((z * imageHeight) + y) * rowLength + x) * compressedTexelBlockSizeInBytes;

    where x,y,z range from (0,0,0) to region->imageExtent.{width/compressedTexelBlockWidth,height/compressedTexelBlockHeight,depth/compressedTexelBlockDepth}.

Copying to or from block-compressed images is typically done in multiples of the compressed texel block size. For this reason the `imageExtent` must be a multiple of the compressed texel block dimension. There is one exception to this rule which is required to handle compressed images created with dimensions that are not a multiple of the compressed texel block dimensions:

- If `imageExtent.width` is not a multiple of the compressed texel block width, then (`imageExtent.width` + `imageOffset.x`) must equal the image subresource width.

- If `imageExtent.height` is not a multiple of the compressed texel block height, then (`imageExtent.height` + `imageOffset.y`) must equal the image subresource height.

- If `imageExtent.depth` is not a multiple of the compressed texel block depth, then (`imageExtent.depth` + `imageOffset.z`) must equal the image subresource depth.

This allows the last compressed texel block of the image in each non-multiple dimension to be included as a source or destination of the copy.

### 19.4. Image Copies with Scaling

To copy regions of a source image into a destination image, potentially performing format conversion, arbitrary scaling, and filtering, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdBlitImage(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkImage                                     srcImage,
        VkImageLayout                               srcImageLayout,
        VkImage                                     dstImage,
        VkImageLayout                               dstImageLayout,
        uint32_t                                    regionCount,
        const VkImageBlit*                          pRegions,
        VkFilter                                    filter);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `srcImage` is the source image.

- `srcImageLayout` is the layout of the source image subresources for the blit.

- `dstImage` is the destination image.

- `dstImageLayout` is the layout of the destination image subresources for the blit.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to blit.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkImageBlit structures specifying the regions to blit.

- `filter` is a VkFilter specifying the filter to apply if the blits require scaling.

`vkCmdBlitImage` must not be used for multisampled source or destination images. Use vkCmdResolveImage for this purpose.

As the sizes of the source and destination extents can differ in any dimension, texels in the source extent are scaled and filtered to the destination extent. Scaling occurs via the following operations:

- For each destination texel, the integer coordinate of that texel is converted to an unnormalized texture coordinate, using the effective inverse of the equations described in unnormalized to integer conversion:

    ubase = i + ½

    vbase = j + ½

    wbase = k + ½

- These base coordinates are then offset by the first destination offset:

    uoffset = ubase - xdst0

    voffset = vbase - ydst0

    woffset = wbase - zdst0

    aoffset = a - `baseArrayCount`dst

- The scale is determined from the source and destination regions, and applied to the offset coordinates:

    scaleu = (xsrc1 - xsrc0) / (xdst1 - xdst0)

    scalev = (ysrc1 - ysrc0) / (ydst1 - ydst0)

    scalew = (zsrc1 - zsrc0) / (zdst1 - zdst0)

    uscaled = uoffset × scaleu

    vscaled = voffset × scalev

    wscaled = woffset × scalew

- Finally the source offset is added to the scaled coordinates, to determine the final unnormalized coordinates used to sample from `srcImage`:

    u = uscaled + xsrc0

    v = vscaled + ysrc0

    w = wscaled + zsrc0

    q = `mipLevel`

    a = aoffset + `baseArrayCount`src

These coordinates are used to sample from the source image, as described in Image Operations chapter, with the filter mode equal to that of `filter`, a mipmap mode of `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST` and an address mode of `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE`. Implementations must clamp at the edge of the source image, and may additionally clamp to the edge of the source region.

| Note Due to allowable rounding errors in the generation of the source texture coordinates, it is not always possible to guarantee exactly which source texels will be sampled for a given blit. As rounding errors are implementation-dependent, the exact results of a blitting operation are also implementation-dependent.

Blits are done layer by layer starting with the `baseArrayLayer` member of `srcSubresource` for the source and `dstSubresource` for the destination. `layerCount` layers are blitted to the destination image.

When blitting 3D textures, slices in the destination region bounded by `dstOffsets`[0].z and `dstOffsets`[1].z are sampled from slices in the source region bounded by `srcOffsets`[0].z and `srcOffsets`[1].z. If the `filter` parameter is `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` then the value sampled from the source image is taken by doing linear filtering using the interpolated z coordinate represented by w in the previous equations. If the `filter` parameter is `VK_FILTER_NEAREST` then the value sampled from the source image is taken from the single nearest slice, with an implementation-dependent arithmetic rounding mode.

The following filtering and conversion rules apply:

- Integer formats can only be converted to other integer formats with the same signedness.

- No format conversion is supported between depth/stencil images. The formats must match.

- Format conversions on unorm, snorm, scaled and packed float formats of the copied aspect of the image are performed by first converting the pixels to float values.

- For sRGB source formats, nonlinear RGB values are converted to linear representation prior to filtering.

- After filtering, the float values are first clamped and then cast to the destination image format. In case of sRGB destination format, linear RGB values are converted to nonlinear representation before writing the pixel to the image.

Signed and unsigned integers are converted by first clamping to the representable range of the destination format, then casting the value.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-commandBuffer-01834
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-commandBuffer-01835
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-commandBuffer-01836
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be an unprotected image

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-pRegions-00215
  The source region specified by each element of `pRegions` must be a region that is contained within `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-pRegions-00216
  The destination region specified by each element of `pRegions` must be a region that is contained within `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-pRegions-00217
  The union of all destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory with any texel that may be sampled during the blit operation

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-01999
  The format features of `srcImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-06421
  `srcImage` must not use a format that requires a sampler Y′CBCR conversion

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-00219
  `srcImage` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-00220
  If `srcImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImageLayout-00221
  `srcImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `srcImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImageLayout-00222
  `srcImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImage-02000
  The format features of `dstImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImage-06422
  `dstImage` must not use a format that requires a sampler Y′CBCR conversion

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImage-00224
  `dstImage` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImage-00225
  If `dstImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImageLayout-00226
  `dstImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `dstImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImageLayout-00227
  `dstImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-00229
  If either of `srcImage` or `dstImage` was created with a signed integer VkFormat, the other must also have been created with a signed integer VkFormat

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-00230
  If either of `srcImage` or `dstImage` was created with an unsigned integer VkFormat, the other must also have been created with an unsigned integer VkFormat

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-00231
  If either of `srcImage` or `dstImage` was created with a depth/stencil format, the other must have exactly the same format

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-00232
  If `srcImage` was created with a depth/stencil format, `filter` must be `VK_FILTER_NEAREST`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-00233
  `srcImage` must have been created with a `samples` value of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImage-00234
  `dstImage` must have been created with a `samples` value of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-filter-02001
  If `filter` is `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`, then the format features of `srcImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcSubresource-01705
  The `srcSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstSubresource-01706
  The `dstSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcSubresource-01707
  The `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `srcSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstSubresource-01708
  The `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `dstSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-00240
  If either `srcImage` or `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` and `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must each be `0`, and `srcSubresource.layerCount` and `dstSubresource.layerCount` must each be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-aspectMask-00241
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-aspectMask-00242
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcOffset-00243
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffsets`[0].x and `srcOffsets`[1].x must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcOffset-00244
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffsets`[0].y and `srcOffsets`[1].y must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-00245
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffsets`[0].y must be `0` and `srcOffsets`[1].y must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcOffset-00246
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffsets`[0].z and `srcOffsets`[1].z must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-00247
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffsets`[0].z must be `0` and `srcOffsets`[1].z must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstOffset-00248
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffsets`[0].x and `dstOffsets`[1].x must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstOffset-00249
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffsets`[0].y and `dstOffsets`[1].y must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImage-00250
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffsets`[0].y must be `0` and `dstOffsets`[1].y must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstOffset-00251
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffsets`[0].z and `dstOffsets`[1].z must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImage-00252
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffsets`[0].z must be `0` and `dstOffsets`[1].z must be `1`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImage-parameter
  `srcImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-srcImageLayout-parameter
  `srcImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImage-parameter
  `dstImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-dstImageLayout-parameter
  `dstImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkImageBlit structures

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-filter-parameter
  `filter` must be a valid VkFilter value

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage-commonparent
  Each of `commandBuffer`, `dstImage`, and `srcImage` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics

The `VkImageBlit` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageBlit {
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    srcSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  srcOffsets[2];
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    dstSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  dstOffsets[2];
    } VkImageBlit;

- `srcSubresource` is the subresource to blit from.

- `srcOffsets` is a pointer to an array of two VkOffset3D structures specifying the bounds of the source region within `srcSubresource`.

- `dstSubresource` is the subresource to blit into.

- `dstOffsets` is a pointer to an array of two VkOffset3D structures specifying the bounds of the destination region within `dstSubresource`.

For each element of the `pRegions` array, a blit operation is performed for the specified source and destination regions.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageBlit-aspectMask-00238
  The `aspectMask` member of `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` must match

- VUID-VkImageBlit-layerCount-00239
  The `layerCount` member of `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` must match

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageBlit-srcSubresource-parameter
  `srcSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

- VUID-VkImageBlit-dstSubresource-parameter
  `dstSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

A more extensible version of the blit image command is defined below.

To copy regions of a source image into a destination image, potentially performing format conversion, arbitrary scaling, and filtering, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdBlitImage2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkBlitImageInfo2*                     pBlitImageInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `pBlitImageInfo` is a pointer to a VkBlitImageInfo2 structure describing the blit parameters.

This command is functionally identical to vkCmdBlitImage, but includes extensible sub-structures that include `sType` and `pNext` parameters, allowing them to be more easily extended.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage2-commandBuffer-01834
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage2-commandBuffer-01835
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage2-commandBuffer-01836
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be an unprotected image

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage2-pBlitImageInfo-parameter
  `pBlitImageInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkBlitImageInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBlitImage2-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics

The `VkBlitImageInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkBlitImageInfo2 {
        VkStructureType        sType;
        const void*            pNext;
        VkImage                srcImage;
        VkImageLayout          srcImageLayout;
        VkImage                dstImage;
        VkImageLayout          dstImageLayout;
        uint32_t               regionCount;
        const VkImageBlit2*    pRegions;
        VkFilter               filter;
    } VkBlitImageInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcImage` is the source image.

- `srcImageLayout` is the layout of the source image subresources for the blit.

- `dstImage` is the destination image.

- `dstImageLayout` is the layout of the destination image subresources for the blit.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to blit.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkImageBlit2 structures specifying the regions to blit.

- `filter` is a VkFilter specifying the filter to apply if the blits require scaling.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-pRegions-00215
  The source region specified by each element of `pRegions` must be a region that is contained within `srcImage`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-pRegions-00216
  The destination region specified by each element of `pRegions` must be a region that is contained within `dstImage`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-pRegions-00217
  The union of all destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory with any texel that may be sampled during the blit operation

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-01999
  The format features of `srcImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-06421
  `srcImage` must not use a format that requires a sampler Y′CBCR conversion

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-00219
  `srcImage` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-00220
  If `srcImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImageLayout-00221
  `srcImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `srcImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImageLayout-00222
  `srcImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImage-02000
  The format features of `dstImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImage-06422
  `dstImage` must not use a format that requires a sampler Y′CBCR conversion

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImage-00224
  `dstImage` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` usage flag

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImage-00225
  If `dstImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-00226
  `dstImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `dstImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-00227
  `dstImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-00229
  If either of `srcImage` or `dstImage` was created with a signed integer VkFormat, the other must also have been created with a signed integer VkFormat

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-00230
  If either of `srcImage` or `dstImage` was created with an unsigned integer VkFormat, the other must also have been created with an unsigned integer VkFormat

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-00231
  If either of `srcImage` or `dstImage` was created with a depth/stencil format, the other must have exactly the same format

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-00232
  If `srcImage` was created with a depth/stencil format, `filter` must be `VK_FILTER_NEAREST`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-00233
  `srcImage` must have been created with a `samples` value of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImage-00234
  `dstImage` must have been created with a `samples` value of `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-filter-02001
  If `filter` is `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`, then the format features of `srcImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcSubresource-01705
  The `srcSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstSubresource-01706
  The `dstSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcSubresource-01707
  The `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `srcSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstSubresource-01708
  The `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `dstSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-00240
  If either `srcImage` or `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` and `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must each be `0`, and `srcSubresource.layerCount` and `dstSubresource.layerCount` must each be `1`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-aspectMask-00241
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `srcImage`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-aspectMask-00242
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.aspectMask` must specify aspects present in `dstImage`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcOffset-00243
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffsets`[0].x and `srcOffsets`[1].x must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcOffset-00244
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffsets`[0].y and `srcOffsets`[1].y must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-00245
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffsets`[0].y must be `0` and `srcOffsets`[1].y must be `1`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcOffset-00246
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffsets`[0].z and `srcOffsets`[1].z must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-00247
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffsets`[0].z must be `0` and `srcOffsets`[1].z must be `1`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstOffset-00248
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffsets`[0].x and `dstOffsets`[1].x must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstOffset-00249
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffsets`[0].y and `dstOffsets`[1].y must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImage-00250
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffsets`[0].y must be `0` and `dstOffsets`[1].y must be `1`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstOffset-00251
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffsets`[0].z and `dstOffsets`[1].z must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImage-00252
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffsets`[0].z must be `0` and `dstOffsets`[1].z must be `1`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BLIT_IMAGE_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImage-parameter
  `srcImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-srcImageLayout-parameter
  `srcImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImage-parameter
  `dstImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-parameter
  `dstImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkImageBlit2 structures

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-filter-parameter
  `filter` must be a valid VkFilter value

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkBlitImageInfo2-commonparent
  Both of `dstImage`, and `srcImage` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkImageBlit2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkImageBlit2 {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    srcSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  srcOffsets[2];
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    dstSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  dstOffsets[2];
    } VkImageBlit2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcSubresource` is the subresource to blit from.

- `srcOffsets` is a pointer to an array of two VkOffset3D structures specifying the bounds of the source region within `srcSubresource`.

- `dstSubresource` is the subresource to blit into.

- `dstOffsets` is a pointer to an array of two VkOffset3D structures specifying the bounds of the destination region within `dstSubresource`.

For each element of the `pRegions` array, a blit operation is performed for the specified source and destination regions.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageBlit2-aspectMask-00238
  The `aspectMask` member of `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` must match

- VUID-VkImageBlit2-layerCount-00239
  The `layerCount` member of `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` must match

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageBlit2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_BLIT_2`

- VUID-VkImageBlit2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageBlit2-srcSubresource-parameter
  `srcSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

- VUID-VkImageBlit2-dstSubresource-parameter
  `dstSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

### 19.5. Resolving Multisample Images

To resolve a multisample color image to a non-multisample color image, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdResolveImage(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkImage                                     srcImage,
        VkImageLayout                               srcImageLayout,
        VkImage                                     dstImage,
        VkImageLayout                               dstImageLayout,
        uint32_t                                    regionCount,
        const VkImageResolve*                       pRegions);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `srcImage` is the source image.

- `srcImageLayout` is the layout of the source image subresources for the resolve.

- `dstImage` is the destination image.

- `dstImageLayout` is the layout of the destination image subresources for the resolve.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to resolve.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkImageResolve structures specifying the regions to resolve.

During the resolve the samples corresponding to each pixel location in the source are converted to a single sample before being written to the destination. If the source formats are floating-point or normalized types, the sample values for each pixel are resolved in an implementation-dependent manner. If the source formats are integer types, a single sample’s value is selected for each pixel.

`srcOffset` and `dstOffset` select the initial `x`, `y`, and `z` offsets in texels of the sub-regions of the source and destination image data. `extent` is the size in texels of the source image to resolve in `width`, `height` and `depth`. Each element of `pRegions` must be a region that is contained within its corresponding image.

Resolves are done layer by layer starting with `baseArrayLayer` member of `srcSubresource` for the source and `dstSubresource` for the destination. `layerCount` layers are resolved to the destination image.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-commandBuffer-01837
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-commandBuffer-01838
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-commandBuffer-01839
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be an unprotected image

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-pRegions-00255
  The union of all source regions, and the union of all destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImage-00256
  If `srcImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImage-00257
  `srcImage` must have a sample count equal to any valid sample count value other than `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstImage-00258
  If `dstImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstImage-00259
  `dstImage` must have a sample count equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImageLayout-00260
  `srcImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `srcImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImageLayout-00261
  `srcImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstImageLayout-00262
  `dstImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `dstImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstImageLayout-00263
  `dstImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstImage-02003
  The format features of `dstImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImage-01386
  `srcImage` and `dstImage` must have been created with the same image format

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcSubresource-01709
  The `srcSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstSubresource-01710
  The `dstSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcSubresource-01711
  The `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `srcSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstSubresource-01712
  The `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `dstSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImage-04446
  If either `srcImage` or `dstImage` are of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `srcSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImage-04447
  If either `srcImage` or `dstImage` are of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `dstSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcOffset-00269
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.x` and (`extent.width` + `srcOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcOffset-00270
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.y` and (`extent.height` + `srcOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImage-00271
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.y` must be `0` and `extent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcOffset-00272
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.z` and (`extent.depth` + `srcOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImage-00273
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.z` must be `0` and `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstOffset-00274
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.x` and (`extent.width` + `dstOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstOffset-00275
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.y` and (`extent.height` + `dstOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstImage-00276
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.y` must be `0` and `extent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstOffset-00277
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.z` and (`extent.depth` + `dstOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstImage-00278
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.z` must be `0` and `extent.depth` must be `1`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImage-parameter
  `srcImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-srcImageLayout-parameter
  `srcImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstImage-parameter
  `dstImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-dstImageLayout-parameter
  `dstImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkImageResolve structures

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage-commonparent
  Each of `commandBuffer`, `dstImage`, and `srcImage` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics

The `VkImageResolve` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageResolve {
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    srcSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  srcOffset;
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    dstSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  dstOffset;
        VkExtent3D                  extent;
    } VkImageResolve;

- `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` are VkImageSubresourceLayers structures specifying the image subresources of the images used for the source and destination image data, respectively. Resolve of depth/stencil images is not supported.

- `srcOffset` and `dstOffset` select the initial `x`, `y`, and `z` offsets in texels of the sub-regions of the source and destination image data.

- `extent` is the size in texels of the source image to resolve in `width`, `height` and `depth`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageResolve-aspectMask-00266
  The `aspectMask` member of `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` must only contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageResolve-layerCount-00267
  The `layerCount` member of `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` must match

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageResolve-srcSubresource-parameter
  `srcSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

- VUID-VkImageResolve-dstSubresource-parameter
  `dstSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

A more extensible version of the resolve image command is defined below.

To resolve a multisample image to a non-multisample image, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdResolveImage2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const VkResolveImageInfo2*                  pResolveImageInfo);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `pResolveImageInfo` is a pointer to a VkResolveImageInfo2 structure describing the resolve parameters.

This command is functionally identical to vkCmdResolveImage, but includes extensible sub-structures that include `sType` and `pNext` parameters, allowing them to be more easily extended.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage2-commandBuffer-01837
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `srcImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage2-commandBuffer-01838
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be a protected image

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage2-commandBuffer-01839
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, `dstImage` must not be an unprotected image

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage2-pResolveImageInfo-parameter
  `pResolveImageInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkResolveImageInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdResolveImage2-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Graphics

The `VkResolveImageInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkResolveImageInfo2 {
        VkStructureType           sType;
        const void*               pNext;
        VkImage                   srcImage;
        VkImageLayout             srcImageLayout;
        VkImage                   dstImage;
        VkImageLayout             dstImageLayout;
        uint32_t                  regionCount;
        const VkImageResolve2*    pRegions;
    } VkResolveImageInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcImage` is the source image.

- `srcImageLayout` is the layout of the source image subresources for the resolve.

- `dstImage` is the destination image.

- `dstImageLayout` is the layout of the destination image subresources for the resolve.

- `regionCount` is the number of regions to resolve.

- `pRegions` is a pointer to an array of VkImageResolve2 structures specifying the regions to resolve.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-pRegions-00255
  The union of all source regions, and the union of all destination regions, specified by the elements of `pRegions`, must not overlap in memory

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImage-00256
  If `srcImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImage-00257
  `srcImage` must have a sample count equal to any valid sample count value other than `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstImage-00258
  If `dstImage` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstImage-00259
  `dstImage` must have a sample count equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImageLayout-00260
  `srcImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `srcImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImageLayout-00261
  `srcImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-00262
  `dstImageLayout` must specify the layout of the image subresources of `dstImage` specified in `pRegions` at the time this command is executed on a `VkDevice`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-00263
  `dstImageLayout` must be `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstImage-02003
  The format features of `dstImage` must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImage-01386
  `srcImage` and `dstImage` must have been created with the same image format

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcSubresource-01709
  The `srcSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstSubresource-01710
  The `dstSubresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pRegions` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcSubresource-01711
  The `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `srcSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `srcImage` was created

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstSubresource-01712
  The `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` + `dstSubresource.layerCount` of each element of `pRegions` must be less than or equal to the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `dstImage` was created

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImage-04446
  If either `srcImage` or `dstImage` are of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `srcSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImage-04447
  If either `srcImage` or `dstImage` are of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer` must be `0` and `dstSubresource.layerCount` must be `1`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcOffset-00269
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.x` and (`extent.width` + `srcOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcOffset-00270
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.y` and (`extent.height` + `srcOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImage-00271
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.y` must be `0` and `extent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcOffset-00272
  For each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.z` and (`extent.depth` + `srcOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `srcSubresource` of `srcImage`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImage-00273
  If `srcImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `srcOffset.z` must be `0` and `extent.depth` must be `1`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstOffset-00274
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.x` and (`extent.width` + `dstOffset.x`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the width of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstOffset-00275
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.y` and (`extent.height` + `dstOffset.y`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the height of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstImage-00276
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.y` must be `0` and `extent.height` must be `1`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstOffset-00277
  For each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.z` and (`extent.depth` + `dstOffset.z`) must both be greater than or equal to `0` and less than or equal to the depth of the specified `dstSubresource` of `dstImage`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstImage-00278
  If `dstImage` is of type `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D` or `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, then for each element of `pRegions`, `dstOffset.z` must be `0` and `extent.depth` must be `1`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOLVE_IMAGE_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImage-parameter
  `srcImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-srcImageLayout-parameter
  `srcImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstImage-parameter
  `dstImage` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-dstImageLayout-parameter
  `dstImageLayout` must be a valid VkImageLayout value

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-pRegions-parameter
  `pRegions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `regionCount` valid VkImageResolve2 structures

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-regionCount-arraylength
  `regionCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkResolveImageInfo2-commonparent
  Both of `dstImage`, and `srcImage` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

The `VkImageResolve2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkImageResolve2 {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    srcSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  srcOffset;
        VkImageSubresourceLayers    dstSubresource;
        VkOffset3D                  dstOffset;
        VkExtent3D                  extent;
    } VkImageResolve2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` are VkImageSubresourceLayers structures specifying the image subresources of the images used for the source and destination image data, respectively. Resolve of depth/stencil images is not supported.

- `srcOffset` and `dstOffset` select the initial `x`, `y`, and `z` offsets in texels of the sub-regions of the source and destination image data.

- `extent` is the size in texels of the source image to resolve in `width`, `height` and `depth`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkImageResolve2-aspectMask-00266
  The `aspectMask` member of `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` must only contain `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`

- VUID-VkImageResolve2-layerCount-00267
  The `layerCount` member of `srcSubresource` and `dstSubresource` must match

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageResolve2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_RESOLVE_2`

- VUID-VkImageResolve2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageResolve2-srcSubresource-parameter
  `srcSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

- VUID-VkImageResolve2-dstSubresource-parameter
  `dstSubresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresourceLayers structure

## 20. Drawing Commands

Drawing commands (commands with `Draw` in the name) provoke work in a graphics pipeline. Drawing commands are recorded into a command buffer and when executed by a queue, will produce work which executes according to the bound graphics pipeline. A graphics pipeline must be bound to a command buffer before any drawing commands are recorded in that command buffer.

Each draw is made up of zero or more vertices and zero or more instances, which are processed by the device and result in the assembly of primitives. Primitives are assembled according to the `pInputAssemblyState` member of the VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo structure, which is of type `VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo`:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                            sType;
        const void*                                pNext;
        VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateFlags    flags;
        VkPrimitiveTopology                        topology;
        VkBool32                                   primitiveRestartEnable;
    } VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `topology` is a VkPrimitiveTopology defining the primitive topology, as described below.

- `primitiveRestartEnable` controls whether a special vertex index value is treated as restarting the assembly of primitives. This enable only applies to indexed draws (vkCmdDrawIndexed, and vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect), and the special index value is either 0xFFFFFFFF when the `indexType` parameter of `vkCmdBindIndexBuffer` is equal to `VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32`, or 0xFFFF when `indexType` is equal to `VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16`. Primitive restart is not allowed for “list” topologies.

Restarting the assembly of primitives discards the most recent index values if those elements formed an incomplete primitive, and restarts the primitive assembly using the subsequent indices, but only assembling the immediately following element through the end of the originally specified elements. The primitive restart index value comparison is performed before adding the `vertexOffset` value to the index value.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo-topology-00428
  If `topology` is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY` or `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST`, `primitiveRestartEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo-topology-00429
  If the geometry shaders feature is not enabled, `topology` must not be any of `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY` or `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY`

- VUID-VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo-topology-00430
  If the tessellation shaders feature is not enabled, `topology` must not be `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo-topology-parameter
  `topology` must be a valid VkPrimitiveTopology value

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

To dynamically control whether a special vertex index value is treated as restarting the assembly of primitives, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnable(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    primitiveRestartEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `primitiveRestartEnable` controls whether a special vertex index value is treated as restarting the assembly of primitives. It behaves in the same way as `VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo`::`primitiveRestartEnable`

This command sets the primitive restart enable for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_RESTART_ENABLE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::`primitiveRestartEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnable-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnable-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnable-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

### 20.1. Primitive Topologies

Primitive topology determines how consecutive vertices are organized into primitives, and determines the type of primitive that is used at the beginning of the graphics pipeline. The effective topology for later stages of the pipeline is altered by tessellation or geometry shading (if either is in use) and depends on the execution modes of those shaders.

The primitive topologies defined by VkPrimitiveTopology are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkPrimitiveTopology {
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST = 0,
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST = 1,
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP = 2,
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST = 3,
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP = 4,
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_FAN = 5,
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY = 6,
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY = 7,
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY = 8,
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY = 9,
        VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST = 10,
    } VkPrimitiveTopology;

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST` specifies a series of separate point primitives.

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST` specifies a series of separate line primitives.

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP` specifies a series of connected line primitives with consecutive lines sharing a vertex.

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST` specifies a series of separate triangle primitives.

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP` specifies a series of connected triangle primitives with consecutive triangles sharing an edge.

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_FAN` specifies a series of connected triangle primitives with all triangles sharing a common vertex.

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY` specifies a series of separate line primitives with adjacency.

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY` specifies a series of connected line primitives with adjacency, with consecutive primitives sharing three vertices.

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY` specifies a series of separate triangle primitives with adjacency.

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY` specifies connected triangle primitives with adjacency, with consecutive triangles sharing an edge.

- `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST` specifies separate patch primitives.

Each primitive topology, and its construction from a list of vertices, is described in detail below with a supporting diagram, according to the following key:

| Vertex | A point in 3-dimensional space. Positions chosen within the diagrams are arbitrary and for illustration only.
| Vertex Number | Sequence position of a vertex within the provided vertex data.
| Provoking Vertex | Provoking vertex within the main primitive. The tail is angled towards the relevant primitive. Used in flat shading.
| Primitive Edge | An edge connecting the points of a main primitive.
| Adjacency Edge | Points connected by these lines do not contribute to a main primitive, and are only accessible in a geometry shader.
| Winding Order | The relative order in which vertices are defined within a primitive, used in the facing determination. This ordering has no specific start or end point.

The diagrams are supported with mathematical definitions where the vertices (v) and primitives (p) are numbered starting from 0; v0 is the first vertex in the provided data and p0 is the first primitive in the set of primitives defined by the vertices and topology.

To dynamically set primitive topology, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopology(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkPrimitiveTopology                         primitiveTopology);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `primitiveTopology` specifies the primitive topology to use for drawing.

This command sets the primitive topology for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::`topology` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopology-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopology-primitiveTopology-parameter
  `primitiveTopology` must be a valid VkPrimitiveTopology value

- VUID-vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopology-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopology-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

#### 20.1.1. Topology Class

The primitive topologies are grouped into the following topology classes:

Table 19. Topology classes
Topology Class | Primitive Topology
--- | ---
Point | `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST`
Line | `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY`
Triangle | `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_FAN`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY`
Patch | `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST`

#### 20.1.2. Point Lists

When the topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST`, each consecutive vertex defines a single point primitive, according to the equation:

  pi = {vi}

As there is only one vertex, that vertex is the provoking vertex. The number of primitives generated is equal to `vertexCount`.

#### 20.1.3. Line Lists

When the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST`, each consecutive pair of vertices defines a single line primitive, according to the equation:

  pi = {v2i, v2i+1}

The number of primitives generated is equal to ⌊`vertexCount`/2⌋.

The provoking vertex for pi is v2i.

#### 20.1.4. Line Strips

When the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP`, one line primitive is defined by each vertex and the following vertex, according to the equation:

  pi = {vi, vi+1}

The number of primitives generated is equal to max(0,`vertexCount`-1).

The provoking vertex for pi is vi.

#### 20.1.5. Triangle Lists

When the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST`, each consecutive set of three vertices defines a single triangle primitive, according to the equation:

  pi = {v3i, v3i+1, v3i+2}

The number of primitives generated is equal to ⌊`vertexCount`/3⌋.

The provoking vertex for pi is v3i.

#### 20.1.6. Triangle Strips

When the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP`, one triangle primitive is defined by each vertex and the two vertices that follow it, according to the equation:

  pi = {vi, vi+(1+i%2), vi+(2-i%2)}

The number of primitives generated is equal to max(0,`vertexCount`-2).

The provoking vertex for pi is vi.

| Note The ordering of the vertices in each successive triangle is reversed, so that the winding order is consistent throughout the strip.

#### 20.1.7. Triangle Fans

When the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_FAN`, triangle primitives are defined around a shared common vertex, according to the equation:

  pi = {vi+1, vi+2, v0}

The number of primitives generated is equal to max(0,`vertexCount`-2).

The provoking vertex for pi is vi+1.

#### 20.1.8. Line Lists With Adjacency

When the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY`, each consecutive set of four vertices defines a single line primitive with adjacency, according to the equation:

  pi = {v4i, v4i+1, v4i+2,v4i+3}

A line primitive is described by the second and third vertices of the total primitive, with the remaining two vertices only accessible in a geometry shader.

The number of primitives generated is equal to ⌊`vertexCount`/4⌋.

The provoking vertex for pi is v4i+1.

#### 20.1.9. Line Strips With Adjacency

When the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY`, one line primitive with adjacency is defined by each vertex and the following vertex, according to the equation:

  pi = {vi, vi+1, vi+2, vi+3}

A line primitive is described by the second and third vertices of the total primitive, with the remaining two vertices only accessible in a geometry shader.

The number of primitives generated is equal to max(0,`vertexCount`-3).

The provoking vertex for pi is vi+1.

#### 20.1.10. Triangle Lists With Adjacency

When the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY`, each consecutive set of six vertices defines a single triangle primitive with adjacency, according to the equations:

  pi = {v6i, v6i+1, v6i+2, v6i+3, v6i+4, v6i+5}

A triangle primitive is described by the first, third, and fifth vertices of the total primitive, with the remaining three vertices only accessible in a geometry shader.

The number of primitives generated is equal to ⌊`vertexCount`/6⌋.

The provoking vertex for pi is v6i.

#### 20.1.11. Triangle Strips With Adjacency

When the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY`, one triangle primitive with adjacency is defined by each vertex and the following 5 vertices.

The number of primitives generated, n, is equal to ⌊max(0, `vertexCount` - 4)/2⌋.

If n=1, the primitive is defined as:

  p = {v0, v1, v2, v5, v4, v3}

If n>1, the total primitive consists of different vertices according to where it is in the strip:

  pi = {v2i, v2i+1, v2i+2, v2i+6, v2i+4, v2i+3} when i=0

  pi = {v2i, v2i+3, v2i+4, v2i+6, v2i+2, v2i-2} when i>0, i<n-1, and i%2=1

  pi = {v2i, v2i-2, v2i+2, v2i+6, v2i+4, v2i+3} when i>0, i<n-1, and i%2=0

  pi = {v2i, v2i+3, v2i+4, v2i+5, v2i+2, v2i-2} when i=n-1 and i%2=1

  pi = {v2i, v2i-2, v2i+2, v2i+5, v2i+4, v2i+3} when i=n-1 and i%2=0

A triangle primitive is described by the first, third, and fifth vertices of the total primitive in all cases, with the remaining three vertices only accessible in a geometry shader.

| Note The ordering of the vertices in each successive triangle is altered so that the winding order is consistent throughout the strip.

The provoking vertex for pi is always v2i.

#### 20.1.12. Patch Lists

When the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST`, each consecutive set of m vertices defines a single patch primitive, according to the equation:

  pi = {vmi, vmi+1, …​, vmi+(m-2), vmi+(m-1)}

where m is equal to VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo::`patchControlPoints`.

Patch lists are never passed to vertex post-processing, and as such no provoking vertex is defined for patch primitives. The number of primitives generated is equal to ⌊`vertexCount`/m⌋.

The vertices comprising a patch have no implied geometry, and are used as inputs to tessellation shaders and the fixed-function tessellator to generate new point, line, or triangle primitives.

### 20.2. Primitive Order

Primitives generated by drawing commands progress through the stages of the graphics pipeline in primitive order. Primitive order is initially determined in the following way:

1. Submission order determines the initial ordering

2. For indirect drawing commands, the order in which accessed instances of the VkDrawIndirectCommand are stored in `buffer`, from lower indirect buffer addresses to higher addresses.

3. If a drawing command includes multiple instances, the order in which instances are executed, from lower numbered instances to higher.

4. The order in which primitives are specified by a drawing command:

   - For non-indexed draws, from vertices with a lower numbered `vertexIndex` to a higher numbered `vertexIndex`.

   - For indexed draws, vertices sourced from a lower index buffer addresses to higher addresses.

Within this order implementations further sort primitives:

5. If tessellation shading is active, by an implementation-dependent order of new primitives generated by tessellation.

6. If geometry shading is active, by the order new primitives are generated by geometry shading.

7. If the polygon mode is not `VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL`, by an implementation-dependent ordering of the new primitives generated within the original primitive.

Primitive order is later used to define rasterization order, which determines the order in which fragments output results to a framebuffer.

### 20.3. Programmable Primitive Shading

Once primitives are assembled, they proceed to the vertex shading stage of the pipeline. If the draw includes multiple instances, then the set of primitives is sent to the vertex shading stage multiple times, once for each instance.

It is implementation-dependent whether vertex shading occurs on vertices that are discarded as part of incomplete primitives, but if it does occur then it operates as if they were vertices in complete primitives and such invocations can have side effects.

Vertex shading receives two per-vertex inputs from the primitive assembly stage - the `vertexIndex` and the `instanceIndex`. How these values are generated is defined below, with each command.

Drawing commands fall roughly into two categories:

- Non-indexed drawing commands present a sequential `vertexIndex` to the vertex shader. The sequential index is generated automatically by the device (see Fixed-Function Vertex Processing for details on both specifying the vertex attributes indexed by `vertexIndex`, as well as binding vertex buffers containing those attributes to a command buffer). These commands are:

  - vkCmdDraw

  - vkCmdDrawIndirect

  - vkCmdDrawIndirectCount

- Indexed drawing commands read index values from an index buffer and use this to compute the `vertexIndex` value for the vertex shader. These commands are:

  - vkCmdDrawIndexed

  - vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect

  - vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount

To bind an index buffer to a command buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                offset,
        VkIndexType                                 indexType);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `buffer` is the buffer being bound.

- `offset` is the starting offset in bytes within `buffer` used in index buffer address calculations.

- `indexType` is a VkIndexType value specifying the size of the indices.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBindIndexBuffer-offset-00431
  `offset` must be less than the size of `buffer`

- VUID-vkCmdBindIndexBuffer-offset-00432
  The sum of `offset` and the address of the range of `VkDeviceMemory` object that is backing `buffer`, must be a multiple of the type indicated by `indexType`

- VUID-vkCmdBindIndexBuffer-buffer-00433
  `buffer` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT` flag

- VUID-vkCmdBindIndexBuffer-buffer-00434
  If `buffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBindIndexBuffer-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindIndexBuffer-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindIndexBuffer-indexType-parameter
  `indexType` must be a valid VkIndexType value

- VUID-vkCmdBindIndexBuffer-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBindIndexBuffer-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindIndexBuffer-commonparent
  Both of `buffer`, and `commandBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

Possible values of vkCmdBindIndexBuffer::`indexType`, specifying the size of indices, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkIndexType {
        VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16 = 0,
        VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32 = 1,
    } VkIndexType;

- `VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16` specifies that indices are 16-bit unsigned integer values.

- `VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32` specifies that indices are 32-bit unsigned integer values.

The parameters for each drawing command are specified directly in the command or read from buffer memory, depending on the command. Drawing commands that source their parameters from buffer memory are known as indirect drawing commands.

All drawing commands interact with the Robust Buffer Access feature.

To record a non-indexed draw, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdDraw(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    vertexCount,
        uint32_t                                    instanceCount,
        uint32_t                                    firstVertex,
        uint32_t                                    firstInstance);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `vertexCount` is the number of vertices to draw.

- `instanceCount` is the number of instances to draw.

- `firstVertex` is the index of the first vertex to draw.

- `firstInstance` is the instance ID of the first instance to draw.

When the command is executed, primitives are assembled using the current primitive topology and `vertexCount` consecutive vertex indices with the first `vertexIndex` value equal to `firstVertex`. The primitives are drawn `instanceCount` times with `instanceIndex` starting with `firstInstance` and increasing sequentially for each instance. The assembled primitives execute the bound graphics pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02691
  If a `VkImageView` is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-OpTypeImage-06423
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being written as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-OpTypeImage-06424
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being read as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02697
  For each set n that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for set n, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-maintenance4-06425
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for push constants, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02699
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets`, must be valid if they are statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02700
  A valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-commandBuffer-02701
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command requires any dynamic state, that state must have been set or inherited (if the ``VK_NV_inherited_viewport_scissor`` extension is enabled) for `commandBuffer`, and done so after any previously bound pipeline with the corresponding state not specified as dynamic

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02859
  There must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state not specified as dynamic in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02702
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any `VkImage` with a `VkImageView` of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02703
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02704
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02705
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02706
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-06550
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-ConstOffset-06551
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-04115
  If a VkImageView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-renderPass-02684
  The current render pass must be compatible with the `renderPass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-subpass-02685
  The subpass index of the current render pass must be equal to the `subpass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02686
  Every input attachment used by the current subpass must be bound to the pipeline via a descriptor set

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-06537
  Memory backing image subresources used as attachments in the current render pass must not be written in any way other than as an attachment by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-06538
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will write to an image subresource as an attachment, this command must not read from the memory backing that image subresource in any other way than as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-06539
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will read from an image subresource used as an attachment in any way other than as an attachment, this command must not write to that image subresource as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-maxMultiviewInstanceIndex-02688
  If the draw is recorded in a render pass instance with multiview enabled, the maximum instance index must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties::`maxMultiviewInstanceIndex`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-viewportCount-03417
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetViewportWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`scissorCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-scissorCount-03418
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`viewportCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-viewportCount-03419
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with both the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic states enabled then both vkCmdSetViewportWithCount and vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-04876
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-04877
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-logicOp-04878
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command and the `logicOp` must be a valid VkLogicOp value

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-blendEnable-04727
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, then for each color attachment in the subpass, if the corresponding image view’s format features do not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`, then the `blendEnable` member of the corresponding element of the `pAttachments` member of `pColorBlendState` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-rasterizationSamples-04740
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, and neither the ``VK_AMD_mixed_attachment_samples`` nor the ``VK_NV_framebuffer_mixed_samples`` extensions are enabled, then VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`rasterizationSamples` must be the same as the current subpass color and/or depth/stencil attachments

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-imageView-06172
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-imageView-06173
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-imageView-06174
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-imageView-06175
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-imageView-06176
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-imageView-06177
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-viewMask-06178
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`viewMask` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`viewMask`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-colorAttachmentCount-06179
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-colorAttachmentCount-06180
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` greater than `0`, then each element of the VkRenderingInfo::`pColorAttachments` array with a `imageView` not equal to VK_NULL_HANDLE must have been created with a VkFormat equal to the corresponding element of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`pColorAttachmentFormats` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-pDepthAttachment-06181
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`depthAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-pStencilAttachment-06182
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`stencilAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-commandBuffer-02712
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource written to by the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be an unprotected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-commandBuffer-02713
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, pipeline stages other than the framebuffer-space and compute stages in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not write to any resource

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-commandBuffer-04617
  If any of the shader stages of the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command uses the RayQueryKHR capability, then `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-04007
  All vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must have either valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE buffers bound

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-04008
  If the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, all vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-02721
  For a given vertex buffer binding, any attribute data fetched must be entirely contained within the corresponding vertex buffer binding, as described in Vertex Input Description

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-primitiveTopology-03420
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `primitiveTopology` parameter of `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must be of the same topology class as the pipeline VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::`topology` state

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-pStrides-04884
  If the bound graphics pipeline was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE_EXT` dynamic state enabled, then `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `pStrides` parameter of `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must not be `NULL`

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-04875
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PATCH_CONTROL_POINTS_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPatchControlPointsEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-None-04879
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_RESTART_ENABLE_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnableEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdDraw-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Inside | Graphics

To record an indexed draw, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdDrawIndexed(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    indexCount,
        uint32_t                                    instanceCount,
        uint32_t                                    firstIndex,
        int32_t                                     vertexOffset,
        uint32_t                                    firstInstance);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `indexCount` is the number of vertices to draw.

- `instanceCount` is the number of instances to draw.

- `firstIndex` is the base index within the index buffer.

- `vertexOffset` is the value added to the vertex index before indexing into the vertex buffer.

- `firstInstance` is the instance ID of the first instance to draw.

When the command is executed, primitives are assembled using the current primitive topology and `indexCount` vertices whose indices are retrieved from the index buffer. The index buffer is treated as an array of tightly packed unsigned integers of size defined by the vkCmdBindIndexBuffer::`indexType` parameter with which the buffer was bound.

The first vertex index is at an offset of `firstIndex` × `indexSize` + `offset` within the bound index buffer, where `offset` is the offset specified by `vkCmdBindIndexBuffer` and `indexSize` is the byte size of the type specified by `indexType`. Subsequent index values are retrieved from consecutive locations in the index buffer. Indices are first compared to the primitive restart value, then zero extended to 32 bits (if the `indexType` is `VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16`) and have `vertexOffset` added to them, before being supplied as the `vertexIndex` value.

The primitives are drawn `instanceCount` times with `instanceIndex` starting with `firstInstance` and increasing sequentially for each instance. The assembled primitives execute the bound graphics pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02691
  If a `VkImageView` is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-OpTypeImage-06423
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being written as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-OpTypeImage-06424
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being read as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02697
  For each set n that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for set n, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-maintenance4-06425
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for push constants, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02699
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets`, must be valid if they are statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02700
  A valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-commandBuffer-02701
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command requires any dynamic state, that state must have been set or inherited (if the ``VK_NV_inherited_viewport_scissor`` extension is enabled) for `commandBuffer`, and done so after any previously bound pipeline with the corresponding state not specified as dynamic

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02859
  There must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state not specified as dynamic in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02702
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any `VkImage` with a `VkImageView` of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02703
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02704
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02705
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02706
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-06550
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-ConstOffset-06551
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-04115
  If a VkImageView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-renderPass-02684
  The current render pass must be compatible with the `renderPass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-subpass-02685
  The subpass index of the current render pass must be equal to the `subpass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02686
  Every input attachment used by the current subpass must be bound to the pipeline via a descriptor set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-06537
  Memory backing image subresources used as attachments in the current render pass must not be written in any way other than as an attachment by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-06538
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will write to an image subresource as an attachment, this command must not read from the memory backing that image subresource in any other way than as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-06539
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will read from an image subresource used as an attachment in any way other than as an attachment, this command must not write to that image subresource as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-maxMultiviewInstanceIndex-02688
  If the draw is recorded in a render pass instance with multiview enabled, the maximum instance index must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties::`maxMultiviewInstanceIndex`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-viewportCount-03417
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetViewportWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`scissorCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-scissorCount-03418
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`viewportCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-viewportCount-03419
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with both the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic states enabled then both vkCmdSetViewportWithCount and vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-04876
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-04877
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-logicOp-04878
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command and the `logicOp` must be a valid VkLogicOp value

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-blendEnable-04727
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, then for each color attachment in the subpass, if the corresponding image view’s format features do not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`, then the `blendEnable` member of the corresponding element of the `pAttachments` member of `pColorBlendState` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-rasterizationSamples-04740
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, and neither the ``VK_AMD_mixed_attachment_samples`` nor the ``VK_NV_framebuffer_mixed_samples`` extensions are enabled, then VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`rasterizationSamples` must be the same as the current subpass color and/or depth/stencil attachments

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-imageView-06172
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-imageView-06173
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-imageView-06174
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-imageView-06175
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-imageView-06176
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-imageView-06177
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-viewMask-06178
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`viewMask` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`viewMask`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-colorAttachmentCount-06179
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-colorAttachmentCount-06180
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` greater than `0`, then each element of the VkRenderingInfo::`pColorAttachments` array with a `imageView` not equal to VK_NULL_HANDLE must have been created with a VkFormat equal to the corresponding element of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`pColorAttachmentFormats` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-pDepthAttachment-06181
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`depthAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-pStencilAttachment-06182
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`stencilAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-commandBuffer-02712
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource written to by the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be an unprotected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-commandBuffer-02713
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, pipeline stages other than the framebuffer-space and compute stages in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not write to any resource

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-commandBuffer-04617
  If any of the shader stages of the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command uses the RayQueryKHR capability, then `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-04007
  All vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must have either valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE buffers bound

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-04008
  If the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, all vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-02721
  For a given vertex buffer binding, any attribute data fetched must be entirely contained within the corresponding vertex buffer binding, as described in Vertex Input Description

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-primitiveTopology-03420
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `primitiveTopology` parameter of `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must be of the same topology class as the pipeline VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::`topology` state

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-pStrides-04884
  If the bound graphics pipeline was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE_EXT` dynamic state enabled, then `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `pStrides` parameter of `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must not be `NULL`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-04875
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PATCH_CONTROL_POINTS_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPatchControlPointsEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-None-04879
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_RESTART_ENABLE_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnableEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-firstIndex-04932
  (`indexSize` × (`firstIndex` + `indexCount`) + `offset`) must be less than or equal to the size of the bound index buffer, with `indexSize` being based on the type specified by `indexType`, where the index buffer, `indexType`, and `offset` are specified via `vkCmdBindIndexBuffer`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexed-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Inside | Graphics

To record a non-indexed indirect drawing command, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdDrawIndirect(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                offset,
        uint32_t                                    drawCount,
        uint32_t                                    stride);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `buffer` is the buffer containing draw parameters.

- `offset` is the byte offset into `buffer` where parameters begin.

- `drawCount` is the number of draws to execute, and can be zero.

- `stride` is the byte stride between successive sets of draw parameters.

`vkCmdDrawIndirect` behaves similarly to vkCmdDraw except that the parameters are read by the device from a buffer during execution. `drawCount` draws are executed by the command, with parameters taken from `buffer` starting at `offset` and increasing by `stride` bytes for each successive draw. The parameters of each draw are encoded in an array of VkDrawIndirectCommand structures. If `drawCount` is less than or equal to one, `stride` is ignored.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02691
  If a `VkImageView` is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-OpTypeImage-06423
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being written as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-OpTypeImage-06424
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being read as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02697
  For each set n that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for set n, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-maintenance4-06425
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for push constants, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02699
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets`, must be valid if they are statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02700
  A valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-commandBuffer-02701
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command requires any dynamic state, that state must have been set or inherited (if the ``VK_NV_inherited_viewport_scissor`` extension is enabled) for `commandBuffer`, and done so after any previously bound pipeline with the corresponding state not specified as dynamic

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02859
  There must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state not specified as dynamic in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02702
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any `VkImage` with a `VkImageView` of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02703
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02704
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02705
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02706
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-06550
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-ConstOffset-06551
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-04115
  If a VkImageView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-renderPass-02684
  The current render pass must be compatible with the `renderPass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-subpass-02685
  The subpass index of the current render pass must be equal to the `subpass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02686
  Every input attachment used by the current subpass must be bound to the pipeline via a descriptor set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-06537
  Memory backing image subresources used as attachments in the current render pass must not be written in any way other than as an attachment by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-06538
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will write to an image subresource as an attachment, this command must not read from the memory backing that image subresource in any other way than as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-06539
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will read from an image subresource used as an attachment in any way other than as an attachment, this command must not write to that image subresource as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-maxMultiviewInstanceIndex-02688
  If the draw is recorded in a render pass instance with multiview enabled, the maximum instance index must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties::`maxMultiviewInstanceIndex`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-viewportCount-03417
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetViewportWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`scissorCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-scissorCount-03418
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`viewportCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-viewportCount-03419
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with both the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic states enabled then both vkCmdSetViewportWithCount and vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-04876
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-04877
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-logicOp-04878
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command and the `logicOp` must be a valid VkLogicOp value

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-blendEnable-04727
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, then for each color attachment in the subpass, if the corresponding image view’s format features do not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`, then the `blendEnable` member of the corresponding element of the `pAttachments` member of `pColorBlendState` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-rasterizationSamples-04740
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, and neither the ``VK_AMD_mixed_attachment_samples`` nor the ``VK_NV_framebuffer_mixed_samples`` extensions are enabled, then VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`rasterizationSamples` must be the same as the current subpass color and/or depth/stencil attachments

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-imageView-06172
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-imageView-06173
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-imageView-06174
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-imageView-06175
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-imageView-06176
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-imageView-06177
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-viewMask-06178
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`viewMask` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`viewMask`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-colorAttachmentCount-06179
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-colorAttachmentCount-06180
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` greater than `0`, then each element of the VkRenderingInfo::`pColorAttachments` array with a `imageView` not equal to VK_NULL_HANDLE must have been created with a VkFormat equal to the corresponding element of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`pColorAttachmentFormats` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-pDepthAttachment-06181
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`depthAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-pStencilAttachment-06182
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`stencilAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-04007
  All vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must have either valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE buffers bound

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-04008
  If the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, all vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-02721
  For a given vertex buffer binding, any attribute data fetched must be entirely contained within the corresponding vertex buffer binding, as described in Vertex Input Description

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-primitiveTopology-03420
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `primitiveTopology` parameter of `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must be of the same topology class as the pipeline VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::`topology` state

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-pStrides-04884
  If the bound graphics pipeline was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE_EXT` dynamic state enabled, then `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `pStrides` parameter of `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must not be `NULL`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-04875
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PATCH_CONTROL_POINTS_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPatchControlPointsEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-None-04879
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_RESTART_ENABLE_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnableEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-buffer-02708
  If `buffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-buffer-02709
  `buffer` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-offset-02710
  `offset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-commandBuffer-02711
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-drawCount-02718
  If the multi-draw indirect feature is not enabled, `drawCount` must be `0` or `1`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-drawCount-02719
  `drawCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDrawIndirectCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-firstInstance-00478
  If the drawIndirectFirstInstance feature is not enabled, all the `firstInstance` members of the `VkDrawIndirectCommand` structures accessed by this command must be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-drawCount-00476
  If `drawCount` is greater than `1`, `stride` must be a multiple of `4` and must be greater than or equal to `sizeof`(`VkDrawIndirectCommand`)

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-drawCount-00487
  If `drawCount` is equal to `1`, (`offset` + `sizeof`(VkDrawIndirectCommand)) must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-drawCount-00488
  If `drawCount` is greater than `1`, (`stride` × (`drawCount` - 1) + `offset` + `sizeof`(VkDrawIndirectCommand)) must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirect-commonparent
  Both of `buffer`, and `commandBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Inside | Graphics

The `VkDrawIndirectCommand` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDrawIndirectCommand {
        uint32_t    vertexCount;
        uint32_t    instanceCount;
        uint32_t    firstVertex;
        uint32_t    firstInstance;
    } VkDrawIndirectCommand;

- `vertexCount` is the number of vertices to draw.

- `instanceCount` is the number of instances to draw.

- `firstVertex` is the index of the first vertex to draw.

- `firstInstance` is the instance ID of the first instance to draw.

The members of `VkDrawIndirectCommand` have the same meaning as the similarly named parameters of vkCmdDraw.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDrawIndirectCommand-None-00500
  For a given vertex buffer binding, any attribute data fetched must be entirely contained within the corresponding vertex buffer binding, as described in Vertex Input Description

- VUID-VkDrawIndirectCommand-firstInstance-00501
  If the drawIndirectFirstInstance feature is not enabled, `firstInstance` must be `0`

To record a non-indexed draw call with a draw call count sourced from a buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    void vkCmdDrawIndirectCount(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                offset,
        VkBuffer                                    countBuffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                countBufferOffset,
        uint32_t                                    maxDrawCount,
        uint32_t                                    stride);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `buffer` is the buffer containing draw parameters.

- `offset` is the byte offset into `buffer` where parameters begin.

- `countBuffer` is the buffer containing the draw count.

- `countBufferOffset` is the byte offset into `countBuffer` where the draw count begins.

- `maxDrawCount` specifies the maximum number of draws that will be executed. The actual number of executed draw calls is the minimum of the count specified in `countBuffer` and `maxDrawCount`.

- `stride` is the byte stride between successive sets of draw parameters.

`vkCmdDrawIndirectCount` behaves similarly to vkCmdDrawIndirect except that the draw count is read by the device from a buffer during execution. The command will read an unsigned 32-bit integer from `countBuffer` located at `countBufferOffset` and use this as the draw count.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02691
  If a `VkImageView` is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-OpTypeImage-06423
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being written as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-OpTypeImage-06424
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being read as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02697
  For each set n that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for set n, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-maintenance4-06425
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for push constants, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02699
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets`, must be valid if they are statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02700
  A valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-commandBuffer-02701
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command requires any dynamic state, that state must have been set or inherited (if the ``VK_NV_inherited_viewport_scissor`` extension is enabled) for `commandBuffer`, and done so after any previously bound pipeline with the corresponding state not specified as dynamic

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02859
  There must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state not specified as dynamic in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02702
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any `VkImage` with a `VkImageView` of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02703
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02704
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02705
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02706
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-06550
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-ConstOffset-06551
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-04115
  If a VkImageView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-renderPass-02684
  The current render pass must be compatible with the `renderPass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-subpass-02685
  The subpass index of the current render pass must be equal to the `subpass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02686
  Every input attachment used by the current subpass must be bound to the pipeline via a descriptor set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-06537
  Memory backing image subresources used as attachments in the current render pass must not be written in any way other than as an attachment by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-06538
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will write to an image subresource as an attachment, this command must not read from the memory backing that image subresource in any other way than as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-06539
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will read from an image subresource used as an attachment in any way other than as an attachment, this command must not write to that image subresource as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-maxMultiviewInstanceIndex-02688
  If the draw is recorded in a render pass instance with multiview enabled, the maximum instance index must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties::`maxMultiviewInstanceIndex`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-viewportCount-03417
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetViewportWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`scissorCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-scissorCount-03418
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`viewportCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-viewportCount-03419
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with both the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic states enabled then both vkCmdSetViewportWithCount and vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-04876
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-04877
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-logicOp-04878
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command and the `logicOp` must be a valid VkLogicOp value

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-blendEnable-04727
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, then for each color attachment in the subpass, if the corresponding image view’s format features do not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`, then the `blendEnable` member of the corresponding element of the `pAttachments` member of `pColorBlendState` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-rasterizationSamples-04740
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, and neither the ``VK_AMD_mixed_attachment_samples`` nor the ``VK_NV_framebuffer_mixed_samples`` extensions are enabled, then VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`rasterizationSamples` must be the same as the current subpass color and/or depth/stencil attachments

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-imageView-06172
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-imageView-06173
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-imageView-06174
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-imageView-06175
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-imageView-06176
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-imageView-06177
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-viewMask-06178
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`viewMask` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`viewMask`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-colorAttachmentCount-06179
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-colorAttachmentCount-06180
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` greater than `0`, then each element of the VkRenderingInfo::`pColorAttachments` array with a `imageView` not equal to VK_NULL_HANDLE must have been created with a VkFormat equal to the corresponding element of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`pColorAttachmentFormats` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-pDepthAttachment-06181
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`depthAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-pStencilAttachment-06182
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`stencilAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-04007
  All vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must have either valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE buffers bound

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-04008
  If the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, all vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-02721
  For a given vertex buffer binding, any attribute data fetched must be entirely contained within the corresponding vertex buffer binding, as described in Vertex Input Description

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-primitiveTopology-03420
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `primitiveTopology` parameter of `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must be of the same topology class as the pipeline VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::`topology` state

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-pStrides-04884
  If the bound graphics pipeline was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE_EXT` dynamic state enabled, then `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `pStrides` parameter of `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must not be `NULL`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-04875
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PATCH_CONTROL_POINTS_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPatchControlPointsEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-04879
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_RESTART_ENABLE_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnableEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-buffer-02708
  If `buffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-buffer-02709
  `buffer` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-offset-02710
  `offset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-commandBuffer-02711
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-countBuffer-02714
  If `countBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-countBuffer-02715
  `countBuffer` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-countBufferOffset-02716
  `countBufferOffset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-countBuffer-02717
  The count stored in `countBuffer` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDrawIndirectCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-countBufferOffset-04129
  (`countBufferOffset` + `sizeof`(uint32_t)) must be less than or equal to the size of `countBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-None-04445
  If drawIndirectCount is not enabled this function must not be used

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-stride-03110
  `stride` must be a multiple of `4` and must be greater than or equal to sizeof(`VkDrawIndirectCommand`)

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-maxDrawCount-03111
  If `maxDrawCount` is greater than or equal to `1`, (`stride` × (`maxDrawCount` - 1) + `offset` + sizeof(`VkDrawIndirectCommand`)) must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-countBuffer-03121
  If the count stored in `countBuffer` is equal to `1`, (`offset` + sizeof(`VkDrawIndirectCommand`)) must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-countBuffer-03122
  If the count stored in `countBuffer` is greater than `1`, (`stride` × (`drawCount` - 1) + `offset` + sizeof(`VkDrawIndirectCommand`)) must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-countBuffer-parameter
  `countBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndirectCount-commonparent
  Each of `buffer`, `commandBuffer`, and `countBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Inside | Graphics

To record an indexed indirect drawing command, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                offset,
        uint32_t                                    drawCount,
        uint32_t                                    stride);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `buffer` is the buffer containing draw parameters.

- `offset` is the byte offset into `buffer` where parameters begin.

- `drawCount` is the number of draws to execute, and can be zero.

- `stride` is the byte stride between successive sets of draw parameters.

`vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect` behaves similarly to vkCmdDrawIndexed except that the parameters are read by the device from a buffer during execution. `drawCount` draws are executed by the command, with parameters taken from `buffer` starting at `offset` and increasing by `stride` bytes for each successive draw. The parameters of each draw are encoded in an array of VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand structures. If `drawCount` is less than or equal to one, `stride` is ignored.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02691
  If a `VkImageView` is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-OpTypeImage-06423
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being written as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-OpTypeImage-06424
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being read as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02697
  For each set n that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for set n, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-maintenance4-06425
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for push constants, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02699
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets`, must be valid if they are statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02700
  A valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-commandBuffer-02701
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command requires any dynamic state, that state must have been set or inherited (if the ``VK_NV_inherited_viewport_scissor`` extension is enabled) for `commandBuffer`, and done so after any previously bound pipeline with the corresponding state not specified as dynamic

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02859
  There must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state not specified as dynamic in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02702
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any `VkImage` with a `VkImageView` of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02703
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02704
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02705
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02706
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-06550
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-ConstOffset-06551
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-04115
  If a VkImageView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-renderPass-02684
  The current render pass must be compatible with the `renderPass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-subpass-02685
  The subpass index of the current render pass must be equal to the `subpass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02686
  Every input attachment used by the current subpass must be bound to the pipeline via a descriptor set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-06537
  Memory backing image subresources used as attachments in the current render pass must not be written in any way other than as an attachment by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-06538
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will write to an image subresource as an attachment, this command must not read from the memory backing that image subresource in any other way than as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-06539
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will read from an image subresource used as an attachment in any way other than as an attachment, this command must not write to that image subresource as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-maxMultiviewInstanceIndex-02688
  If the draw is recorded in a render pass instance with multiview enabled, the maximum instance index must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties::`maxMultiviewInstanceIndex`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-viewportCount-03417
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetViewportWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`scissorCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-scissorCount-03418
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`viewportCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-viewportCount-03419
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with both the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic states enabled then both vkCmdSetViewportWithCount and vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-04876
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-04877
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-logicOp-04878
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command and the `logicOp` must be a valid VkLogicOp value

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-blendEnable-04727
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, then for each color attachment in the subpass, if the corresponding image view’s format features do not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`, then the `blendEnable` member of the corresponding element of the `pAttachments` member of `pColorBlendState` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-rasterizationSamples-04740
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, and neither the ``VK_AMD_mixed_attachment_samples`` nor the ``VK_NV_framebuffer_mixed_samples`` extensions are enabled, then VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`rasterizationSamples` must be the same as the current subpass color and/or depth/stencil attachments

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-imageView-06172
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-imageView-06173
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-imageView-06174
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-imageView-06175
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-imageView-06176
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-imageView-06177
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-viewMask-06178
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`viewMask` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`viewMask`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-colorAttachmentCount-06179
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-colorAttachmentCount-06180
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` greater than `0`, then each element of the VkRenderingInfo::`pColorAttachments` array with a `imageView` not equal to VK_NULL_HANDLE must have been created with a VkFormat equal to the corresponding element of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`pColorAttachmentFormats` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-pDepthAttachment-06181
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`depthAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-pStencilAttachment-06182
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`stencilAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-04007
  All vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must have either valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE buffers bound

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-04008
  If the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, all vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-02721
  For a given vertex buffer binding, any attribute data fetched must be entirely contained within the corresponding vertex buffer binding, as described in Vertex Input Description

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-primitiveTopology-03420
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `primitiveTopology` parameter of `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must be of the same topology class as the pipeline VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::`topology` state

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-pStrides-04884
  If the bound graphics pipeline was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE_EXT` dynamic state enabled, then `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `pStrides` parameter of `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must not be `NULL`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-04875
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PATCH_CONTROL_POINTS_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPatchControlPointsEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-None-04879
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_RESTART_ENABLE_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnableEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-buffer-02708
  If `buffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-buffer-02709
  `buffer` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-offset-02710
  `offset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-commandBuffer-02711
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-drawCount-02718
  If the multi-draw indirect feature is not enabled, `drawCount` must be `0` or `1`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-drawCount-02719
  `drawCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDrawIndirectCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-drawCount-00528
  If `drawCount` is greater than `1`, `stride` must be a multiple of `4` and must be greater than or equal to `sizeof`(`VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand`)

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-firstInstance-00530
  If the drawIndirectFirstInstance feature is not enabled, all the `firstInstance` members of the `VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand` structures accessed by this command must be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-drawCount-00539
  If `drawCount` is equal to `1`, (`offset` + `sizeof`(`VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand`)) must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-drawCount-00540
  If `drawCount` is greater than `1`, (`stride` × (`drawCount` - 1) + `offset` + `sizeof`(`VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand`)) must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect-commonparent
  Both of `buffer`, and `commandBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Inside | Graphics

The `VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand {
        uint32_t    indexCount;
        uint32_t    instanceCount;
        uint32_t    firstIndex;
        int32_t     vertexOffset;
        uint32_t    firstInstance;
    } VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand;

- `indexCount` is the number of vertices to draw.

- `instanceCount` is the number of instances to draw.

- `firstIndex` is the base index within the index buffer.

- `vertexOffset` is the value added to the vertex index before indexing into the vertex buffer.

- `firstInstance` is the instance ID of the first instance to draw.

The members of `VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand` have the same meaning as the similarly named parameters of vkCmdDrawIndexed.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand-None-00552
  For a given vertex buffer binding, any attribute data fetched must be entirely contained within the corresponding vertex buffer binding, as described in Vertex Input Description

- VUID-VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand-indexSize-00553
  (`indexSize` × (`firstIndex` + `indexCount`) + `offset`) must be less than or equal to the size of the bound index buffer, with `indexSize` being based on the type specified by `indexType`, where the index buffer, `indexType`, and `offset` are specified via `vkCmdBindIndexBuffer`

- VUID-VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand-firstInstance-00554
  If the drawIndirectFirstInstance feature is not enabled, `firstInstance` must be `0`

To record an indexed draw call with a draw call count sourced from a buffer, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    void vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                offset,
        VkBuffer                                    countBuffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                countBufferOffset,
        uint32_t                                    maxDrawCount,
        uint32_t                                    stride);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `buffer` is the buffer containing draw parameters.

- `offset` is the byte offset into `buffer` where parameters begin.

- `countBuffer` is the buffer containing the draw count.

- `countBufferOffset` is the byte offset into `countBuffer` where the draw count begins.

- `maxDrawCount` specifies the maximum number of draws that will be executed. The actual number of executed draw calls is the minimum of the count specified in `countBuffer` and `maxDrawCount`.

- `stride` is the byte stride between successive sets of draw parameters.

`vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount` behaves similarly to vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect except that the draw count is read by the device from a buffer during execution. The command will read an unsigned 32-bit integer from `countBuffer` located at `countBufferOffset` and use this as the draw count.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02691
  If a `VkImageView` is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-OpTypeImage-06423
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being written as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-OpTypeImage-06424
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being read as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02697
  For each set n that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for set n, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-maintenance4-06425
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for push constants, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02699
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets`, must be valid if they are statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02700
  A valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-commandBuffer-02701
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command requires any dynamic state, that state must have been set or inherited (if the ``VK_NV_inherited_viewport_scissor`` extension is enabled) for `commandBuffer`, and done so after any previously bound pipeline with the corresponding state not specified as dynamic

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02859
  There must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state not specified as dynamic in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02702
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any `VkImage` with a `VkImageView` of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02703
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02704
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02705
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02706
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-06550
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-ConstOffset-06551
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-04115
  If a VkImageView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-renderPass-02684
  The current render pass must be compatible with the `renderPass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-subpass-02685
  The subpass index of the current render pass must be equal to the `subpass` member of the `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` structure specified when creating the `VkPipeline` bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02686
  Every input attachment used by the current subpass must be bound to the pipeline via a descriptor set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-06537
  Memory backing image subresources used as attachments in the current render pass must not be written in any way other than as an attachment by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-06538
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will write to an image subresource as an attachment, this command must not read from the memory backing that image subresource in any other way than as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-06539
  If any recorded command in the current subpass will read from an image subresource used as an attachment in any way other than as an attachment, this command must not write to that image subresource as an attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-maxMultiviewInstanceIndex-02688
  If the draw is recorded in a render pass instance with multiview enabled, the maximum instance index must be less than or equal to VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties::`maxMultiviewInstanceIndex`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-viewportCount-03417
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetViewportWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`scissorCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-scissorCount-03418
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, but not the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic state enabled, then vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount` must match the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`viewportCount` of the pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-viewportCount-03419
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with both the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` dynamic states enabled then both vkCmdSetViewportWithCount and vkCmdSetScissorWithCount must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `viewportCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetViewportWithCount` must match the `scissorCount` parameter of `vkCmdSetScissorWithCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-04876
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-04877
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS_ENABLE` dynamic state enabled then vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-logicOp-04878
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LOGIC_OP_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetLogicOpEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command and the `logicOp` must be a valid VkLogicOp value

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-blendEnable-04727
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, then for each color attachment in the subpass, if the corresponding image view’s format features do not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`, then the `blendEnable` member of the corresponding element of the `pAttachments` member of `pColorBlendState` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-rasterizationSamples-04740
  If rasterization is not disabled in the bound graphics pipeline, and neither the ``VK_AMD_mixed_attachment_samples`` nor the ``VK_NV_framebuffer_mixed_samples`` extensions are enabled, then VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`rasterizationSamples` must be the same as the current subpass color and/or depth/stencil attachments

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-imageView-06172
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-imageView-06173
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-imageView-06174
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-imageView-06175
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-imageView-06176
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pDepthAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pDepthAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the depth attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-imageView-06177
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the `imageView` member of `pStencilAttachment` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, and the `layout` member of `pStencilAttachment` is `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, this command must not write any values to the stencil attachment

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-viewMask-06178
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`viewMask` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`viewMask`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-colorAttachmentCount-06179
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering, the currently bound graphics pipeline must have been created with a VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` equal to VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-colorAttachmentCount-06180
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`colorAttachmentCount` greater than `0`, then each element of the VkRenderingInfo::`pColorAttachments` array with a `imageView` not equal to VK_NULL_HANDLE must have been created with a VkFormat equal to the corresponding element of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`pColorAttachmentFormats` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-pDepthAttachment-06181
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`depthAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pDepthAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-pStencilAttachment-06182
  If the current render pass instance was begun with vkCmdBeginRendering and VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView was not VK_NULL_HANDLE, the value of VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo::`stencilAttachmentFormat` used to create the currently bound graphics pipeline must be equal to the VkFormat used to create VkRenderingInfo::`pStencilAttachment->pname`:imageView

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-04007
  All vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must have either valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE buffers bound

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-04008
  If the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, all vertex input bindings accessed via vertex input variables declared in the vertex shader entry point’s interface must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-02721
  For a given vertex buffer binding, any attribute data fetched must be entirely contained within the corresponding vertex buffer binding, as described in Vertex Input Description

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-primitiveTopology-03420
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `primitiveTopology` parameter of `vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT` must be of the same topology class as the pipeline VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::`topology` state

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-pStrides-04884
  If the bound graphics pipeline was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE_EXT` dynamic state enabled, then `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command, and the `pStrides` parameter of `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT` must not be `NULL`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-04875
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PATCH_CONTROL_POINTS_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPatchControlPointsEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-04879
  If the bound graphics pipeline state was created with the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_RESTART_ENABLE_EXT` dynamic state enabled then `vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnableEXT` must have been called in the current command buffer prior to this drawing command

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-buffer-02708
  If `buffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-buffer-02709
  `buffer` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-offset-02710
  `offset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-commandBuffer-02711
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-countBuffer-02714
  If `countBuffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-countBuffer-02715
  `countBuffer` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-countBufferOffset-02716
  `countBufferOffset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-countBuffer-02717
  The count stored in `countBuffer` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxDrawIndirectCount`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-countBufferOffset-04129
  (`countBufferOffset` + `sizeof`(uint32_t)) must be less than or equal to the size of `countBuffer`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-None-04445
  If drawIndirectCount is not enabled this function must not be used

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-stride-03142
  `stride` must be a multiple of `4` and must be greater than or equal to sizeof(`VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand`)

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-maxDrawCount-03143
  If `maxDrawCount` is greater than or equal to `1`, (`stride` × (`maxDrawCount` - 1) + `offset` + sizeof(`VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand`)) must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-countBuffer-03153
  If count stored in `countBuffer` is equal to `1`, (`offset` + sizeof(`VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand`)) must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-countBuffer-03154
  If count stored in `countBuffer` is greater than `1`, (`stride` × (`drawCount` - 1) + `offset` + sizeof(`VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand`)) must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-countBuffer-parameter
  `countBuffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount-commonparent
  Each of `buffer`, `commandBuffer`, and `countBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Inside | Graphics

## 21. Fixed-Function Vertex Processing

Vertex fetching is controlled via configurable state, as a logically distinct graphics pipeline stage.

### 21.1. Vertex Attributes

Vertex shaders can define input variables, which receive vertex attribute data transferred from one or more `VkBuffer`(s) by drawing commands. Vertex shader input variables are bound to buffers via an indirect binding where the vertex shader associates a vertex input attribute number with each variable, vertex input attributes are associated to vertex input bindings on a per-pipeline basis, and vertex input bindings are associated with specific buffers on a per-draw basis via the `vkCmdBindVertexBuffers` command. Vertex input attribute and vertex input binding descriptions also contain format information controlling how data is extracted from buffer memory and converted to the format expected by the vertex shader.

There are `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributes` number of vertex input attributes and `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings` number of vertex input bindings (each referred to by zero-based indices), where there are at least as many vertex input attributes as there are vertex input bindings. Applications can store multiple vertex input attributes interleaved in a single buffer, and use a single vertex input binding to access those attributes.

In GLSL, vertex shaders associate input variables with a vertex input attribute number using the `location` layout qualifier. The `component` layout qualifier associates components of a vertex shader input variable with components of a vertex input attribute.

GLSL example

    // Assign location M to variableName
    layout (location=M, component=2) in vec2 variableName;

    // Assign locations [N,N+L) to the array elements of variableNameArray
    layout (location=N) in vec4 variableNameArray[L];

In SPIR-V, vertex shaders associate input variables with a vertex input attribute number using the `Location` decoration. The `Component` decoration associates components of a vertex shader input variable with components of a vertex input attribute. The `Location` and `Component` decorations are specified via the `OpDecorate` instruction.

SPIR-V example

                   ...
              %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
                   ...
                   OpName %9 "variableName"
                   OpName %15 "variableNameArray"
                   OpDecorate %18 BuiltIn VertexIndex
                   OpDecorate %19 BuiltIn InstanceIndex
                   OpDecorate %9 Location M
                   OpDecorate %9 Component 2
                   OpDecorate %15 Location N
                   ...
              %2 = OpTypeVoid
              %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
              %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
              %7 = OpTypeVector %6 2
              %8 = OpTypePointer Input %7
              %9 = OpVariable %8 Input
             %10 = OpTypeVector %6 4
             %11 = OpTypeInt 32 0
             %12 = OpConstant %11 L
             %13 = OpTypeArray %10 %12
             %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
             %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
                   ...

#### 21.1.1. Attribute Location and Component Assignment

Vertex shaders allow `Location` and `Component` decorations on input variable declarations. The `Location` decoration specifies which vertex input attribute is used to read and interpret the data that a variable will consume. The `Component` decoration allows the location to be more finely specified for scalars and vectors, down to the individual components within a location that are consumed. The components within a location are 0, 1, 2, and 3. A variable starting at component N will consume components N, N+1, N+2, …​ up through its size. For single precision types, it is invalid if the sequence of components gets larger than 3.

When a vertex shader input variable declared using a 16- or 32-bit scalar or vector data type is assigned a location, its value(s) are taken from the components of the input attribute specified with the corresponding `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`location`. The components used depend on the type of variable and the `Component` decoration specified in the variable declaration, as identified in Input attribute components accessed by 16-bit and 32-bit input variables. Any 16-bit or 32-bit scalar or vector input will consume a single location. For 16-bit and 32-bit data types, missing components are filled in with default values as described below.

Table 20. Input attribute components accessed by 16-bit and 32-bit input variables
16-bit or 32-bit data type | `Component` decoration | Components consumed
--- | --- | ---
scalar | 0 or unspecified | (x, o, o, o)
scalar | 1 | (o, y, o, o)
scalar | 2 | (o, o, z, o)
scalar | 3 | (o, o, o, w)
two-component vector | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, o, o)
two-component vector | 1 | (o, y, z, o)
two-component vector | 2 | (o, o, z, w)
three-component vector | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, z, o)
three-component vector | 1 | (o, y, z, w)
four-component vector | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, z, w)

Components indicated by “o” are available for use by other input variables which are sourced from the same attribute, and if used, are either filled with the corresponding component from the input format (if present), or the default value.

When a vertex shader input variable declared using a 32-bit floating point matrix type is assigned a location i, its values are taken from consecutive input attributes starting with the corresponding `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`location`. Such matrices are treated as an array of column vectors with values taken from the input attributes identified in Input attributes accessed by 32-bit input matrix variables. The `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`format` must be specified with a VkFormat that corresponds to the appropriate type of column vector. The `Component` decoration must not be used with matrix types.

Table 21. Input attributes accessed by 32-bit input matrix variables
Data type | Column vector type | Locations consumed | Components consumed
--- | --- | --- | ---
mat2 | two-component vector | i, i+1 | (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o)
mat2x3 | three-component vector | i, i+1 | (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o)
mat2x4 | four-component vector | i, i+1 | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w)
mat3x2 | two-component vector | i, i+1, i+2 | (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o)
mat3 | three-component vector | i, i+1, i+2 | (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o)
mat3x4 | four-component vector | i, i+1, i+2 | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w)
mat4x2 | two-component vector | i, i+1, i+2, i+3 | (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o), (x, y, o, o)
mat4x3 | three-component vector | i, i+1, i+2, i+3 | (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o), (x, y, z, o)
mat4 | four-component vector | i, i+1, i+2, i+3 | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w)

Components indicated by “o” are available for use by other input variables which are sourced from the same attribute, and if used, are either filled with the corresponding component from the input (if present), or the default value.

When a vertex shader input variable declared using a scalar or vector 64-bit data type is assigned a location i, its values are taken from consecutive input attributes starting with the corresponding `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`location`. The locations and components used depend on the type of variable and the `Component` decoration specified in the variable declaration, as identified in Input attribute locations and components accessed by 64-bit input variables. For 64-bit data types, no default attribute values are provided. Input variables must not use more components than provided by the attribute. Input attributes which have one- or two-component 64-bit formats will consume a single location. Input attributes which have three- or four-component 64-bit formats will consume two consecutive locations. A 64-bit scalar data type will consume two components, and a 64-bit two-component vector data type will consume all four components available within a location. A three- or four-component 64-bit data type must not specify a component. A three-component 64-bit data type will consume all four components of the first location and components 0 and 1 of the second location. This leaves components 2 and 3 available for other component-qualified declarations. A four-component 64-bit data type will consume all four components of the first location and all four components of the second location. It is invalid for a scalar or two-component 64-bit data type to specify a component of 1 or 3.

Table 22. Input attribute locations and components accessed by 64-bit input variables
Input format | Locations consumed | 64-bit data type | `Location` decoration | `Component` decoration | 32-bit components consumed
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
R64 | i | scalar | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, -, -)
R64G64 | i | scalar | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, o, o)
scalar | i | 2 | (o, o, z, w)
two-component vector | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, z, w)
R64G64B64 | i, i+1 | scalar | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, o, o), (o, o, -, -)
scalar | i | 2 | (o, o, z, w), (o, o, -, -)
scalar | i+1 | 0 or unspecified | (o, o, o, o), (x, y, -, -)
two-component vector | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, z, w), (o, o, -, -)
three-component vector | i | unspecified | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, -, -)
R64G64B64A64 | i, i+1 | scalar | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, o, o), (o, o, o, o)
scalar | i | 2 | (o, o, z, w), (o, o, o, o)
scalar | i+1 | 0 or unspecified | (o, o, o, o), (x, y, o, o)
scalar | i+1 | 2 | (o, o, o, o), (o, o, z, w)
two-component vector | i | 0 or unspecified | (x, y, z, w), (o, o, o, o)
two-component vector | i+1 | 0 or unspecified | (o, o, o, o), (x, y, z, w)
three-component vector | i | unspecified | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, o, o)
four-component vector | i | unspecified | (x, y, z, w), (x, y, z, w)

Components indicated by “o” are available for use by other input variables which are sourced from the same attribute. Components indicated by “-” are not available for input variables as there are no default values provided for 64-bit data types, and there is no data provided by the input format.

When a vertex shader input variable declared using a 64-bit floating-point matrix type is assigned a location i, its values are taken from consecutive input attribute locations. Such matrices are treated as an array of column vectors with values taken from the input attributes as shown in Input attribute locations and components accessed by 64-bit input variables. Each column vector starts at the location immediately following the last location of the previous column vector. The number of attributes and components assigned to each matrix is determined by the matrix dimensions and ranges from two to eight locations.

When a vertex shader input variable declared using an array type is assigned a location, its values are taken from consecutive input attributes starting with the corresponding `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`location`. The number of attributes and components assigned to each element are determined according to the data type of the array elements and `Component` decoration (if any) specified in the declaration of the array, as described above. Each element of the array, in order, is assigned to consecutive locations, but all at the same specified component within each location.

Only input variables declared with the data types and component decorations as specified above are supported. Location aliasing is causing two variables to have the same location number. Component aliasing is assigning the same (or overlapping) component number for two location aliases. Location aliasing is allowed only if it does not cause component aliasing. Further, when location aliasing, the aliases sharing the location must all have the same SPIR-V floating-point component type or all have the same width integer-type components.

### 21.2. Vertex Input Description

Applications specify vertex input attribute and vertex input binding descriptions as part of graphics pipeline creation by setting the VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::`pVertexInputState` pointer to a VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo structure.

The `VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                             sType;
        const void*                                 pNext;
        VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateFlags       flags;
        uint32_t                                    vertexBindingDescriptionCount;
        const VkVertexInputBindingDescription*      pVertexBindingDescriptions;
        uint32_t                                    vertexAttributeDescriptionCount;
        const VkVertexInputAttributeDescription*    pVertexAttributeDescriptions;
    } VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` is the number of vertex binding descriptions provided in `pVertexBindingDescriptions`.

- `pVertexBindingDescriptions` is a pointer to an array of `VkVertexInputBindingDescription` structures.

- `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` is the number of vertex attribute descriptions provided in `pVertexAttributeDescriptions`.

- `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` is a pointer to an array of `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription` structures.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-vertexBindingDescriptionCount-00613
  `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-vertexAttributeDescriptionCount-00614
  `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributes`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-binding-00615
  For every `binding` specified by each element of `pVertexAttributeDescriptions`, a `VkVertexInputBindingDescription` must exist in `pVertexBindingDescriptions` with the same value of `binding`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-pVertexBindingDescriptions-00616
  All elements of `pVertexBindingDescriptions` must describe distinct binding numbers

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-pVertexAttributeDescriptions-00617
  All elements of `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` must describe distinct attribute locations

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-pVertexBindingDescriptions-parameter
  If `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` is not `0`, `pVertexBindingDescriptions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `vertexBindingDescriptionCount` valid VkVertexInputBindingDescription structures

- VUID-VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo-pVertexAttributeDescriptions-parameter
  If `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` is not `0`, `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` must be a valid pointer to an array of `vertexAttributeDescriptionCount` valid VkVertexInputAttributeDescription structures

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

Each vertex input binding is specified by the `VkVertexInputBindingDescription` structure, defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkVertexInputBindingDescription {
        uint32_t             binding;
        uint32_t             stride;
        VkVertexInputRate    inputRate;
    } VkVertexInputBindingDescription;

- `binding` is the binding number that this structure describes.

- `stride` is the byte stride between consecutive elements within the buffer.

- `inputRate` is a VkVertexInputRate value specifying whether vertex attribute addressing is a function of the vertex index or of the instance index.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription-binding-00618
  `binding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription-stride-00619
  `stride` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindingStride`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkVertexInputBindingDescription-inputRate-parameter
  `inputRate` must be a valid VkVertexInputRate value

Possible values of VkVertexInputBindingDescription::`inputRate`, specifying the rate at which vertex attributes are pulled from buffers, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkVertexInputRate {
        VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX = 0,
        VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE = 1,
    } VkVertexInputRate;

- `VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX` specifies that vertex attribute addressing is a function of the vertex index.

- `VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE` specifies that vertex attribute addressing is a function of the instance index.

Each vertex input attribute is specified by the `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription` structure, defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkVertexInputAttributeDescription {
        uint32_t    location;
        uint32_t    binding;
        VkFormat    format;
        uint32_t    offset;
    } VkVertexInputAttributeDescription;

- `location` is the shader input location number for this attribute.

- `binding` is the binding number which this attribute takes its data from.

- `format` is the size and type of the vertex attribute data.

- `offset` is a byte offset of this attribute relative to the start of an element in the vertex input binding.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-location-00620
  `location` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributes`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-binding-00621
  `binding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-offset-00622
  `offset` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputAttributeOffset`

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-format-00623
  `format` must be allowed as a vertex buffer format, as specified by the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` flag in `VkFormatProperties`::`bufferFeatures` returned by `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkVertexInputAttributeDescription-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

To bind vertex buffers to a command buffer for use in subsequent drawing commands, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstBinding,
        uint32_t                                    bindingCount,
        const VkBuffer*                             pBuffers,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pOffsets);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `firstBinding` is the index of the first vertex input binding whose state is updated by the command.

- `bindingCount` is the number of vertex input bindings whose state is updated by the command.

- `pBuffers` is a pointer to an array of buffer handles.

- `pOffsets` is a pointer to an array of buffer offsets.

The values taken from elements i of `pBuffers` and `pOffsets` replace the current state for the vertex input binding `firstBinding` + i, for i in [0, `bindingCount`). The vertex input binding is updated to start at the offset indicated by `pOffsets`[i] from the start of the buffer `pBuffers`[i]. All vertex input attributes that use each of these bindings will use these updated addresses in their address calculations for subsequent drawing commands.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-firstBinding-00624
  `firstBinding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-firstBinding-00625
  The sum of `firstBinding` and `bindingCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pOffsets-00626
  All elements of `pOffsets` must be less than the size of the corresponding element in `pBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pBuffers-00627
  All elements of `pBuffers` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` flag

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pBuffers-00628
  Each element of `pBuffers` that is non-sparse must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pBuffers-04001
  If the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, all elements of `pBuffers` must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pBuffers-parameter
  `pBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE VkBuffer handles

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-pOffsets-parameter
  `pOffsets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` `VkDeviceSize` values

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-bindingCount-arraylength
  `bindingCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and the elements of `pBuffers` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

Alternatively, to bind vertex buffers, along with their sizes and strides, to a command buffer for use in subsequent drawing commands, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstBinding,
        uint32_t                                    bindingCount,
        const VkBuffer*                             pBuffers,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pOffsets,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pSizes,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pStrides);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `firstBinding` is the index of the first vertex input binding whose state is updated by the command.

- `bindingCount` is the number of vertex input bindings whose state is updated by the command.

- `pBuffers` is a pointer to an array of buffer handles.

- `pOffsets` is a pointer to an array of buffer offsets.

- `pSizes` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of the size in bytes of vertex data bound from `pBuffers`.

- `pStrides` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of buffer strides.

The values taken from elements i of `pBuffers` and `pOffsets` replace the current state for the vertex input binding `firstBinding` + i, for i in [0, `bindingCount`). The vertex input binding is updated to start at the offset indicated by `pOffsets`[i] from the start of the buffer `pBuffers`[i]. If `pSizes` is not `NULL` then `pSizes`[i] specifies the bound size of the vertex buffer starting from the corresponding elements of `pBuffers`[i] plus `pOffsets`[i]. All vertex input attributes that use each of these bindings will use these updated addresses in their address calculations for subsequent drawing commands.

This command also dynamically sets the byte strides between consecutive elements within buffer `pBuffers`[i] to the corresponding `pStrides`[i] value when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, strides are specified by the `VkVertexInputBindingDescription`::`stride` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-firstBinding-03355
  `firstBinding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-firstBinding-03356
  The sum of `firstBinding` and `bindingCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindings`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pOffsets-03357
  All elements of `pOffsets` must be less than the size of the corresponding element in `pBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pSizes-03358
  If `pSizes` is not `NULL`, all elements of `pOffsets` plus `pSizes` must be less than or equal to the size of the corresponding element in `pBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pBuffers-03359
  All elements of `pBuffers` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` flag

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pBuffers-03360
  Each element of `pBuffers` that is non-sparse must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pBuffers-04111
  If the nullDescriptor feature is not enabled, all elements of `pBuffers` must not be VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pStrides-03362
  If `pStrides` is not `NULL` each element of `pStrides` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxVertexInputBindingStride`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pStrides-06209
  If `pStrides` is not `NULL` each element of `pStrides` must be either 0 or greater than or equal to the maximum extent of all vertex input attributes fetched from the corresponding binding, where the extent is calculated as the VkVertexInputAttributeDescription::`offset` plus VkVertexInputAttributeDescription::`format` size

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pBuffers-parameter
  `pBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE VkBuffer handles

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pOffsets-parameter
  `pOffsets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` `VkDeviceSize` values

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pSizes-parameter
  If `pSizes` is not `NULL`, `pSizes` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` `VkDeviceSize` values

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-pStrides-parameter
  If `pStrides` is not `NULL`, `pStrides` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` `VkDeviceSize` values

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-bindingCount-arraylength
  If any of `pSizes`, or `pStrides` are not `NULL`, `bindingCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and the elements of `pBuffers` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

### 21.3. Vertex Input Address Calculation

The address of each attribute for each `vertexIndex` and `instanceIndex` is calculated as follows:

- Let `attribDesc` be the member of VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo::`pVertexAttributeDescriptions` with `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`location` equal to the vertex input attribute number.

- Let `bindingDesc` be the member of VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo::`pVertexBindingDescriptions` with `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`binding` equal to `attribDesc.binding`.

- Let `vertexIndex` be the index of the vertex within the draw (a value between `firstVertex` and `firstVertex`+`vertexCount` for `vkCmdDraw`, or a value taken from the index buffer for `vkCmdDrawIndexed`), and let `instanceIndex` be the instance number of the draw (a value between `firstInstance` and `firstInstance`+`instanceCount`).

    bufferBindingAddress = buffer[binding].baseAddress + offset[binding];

    if (bindingDesc.inputRate == VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX)
        vertexOffset = vertexIndex * bindingDesc.stride;
    else
        vertexOffset = instanceIndex * bindingDesc.stride;

    attribAddress = bufferBindingAddress + vertexOffset + attribDesc.offset;

#### 21.3.1. Vertex Input Extraction

For each attribute, raw data is extracted starting at `attribAddress` and is converted from the `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`’s `format` to either floating-point, unsigned integer, or signed integer based on the base type of the format; the base type of the format must match the base type of the input variable in the shader. The input variable in the shader must be declared as a 64-bit data type if and only if `format` is a 64-bit data type. If `format` is a packed format, `attribAddress` must be a multiple of the size in bytes of the whole attribute data type as described in Packed Formats. Otherwise, `attribAddress` must be a multiple of the size in bytes of the component type indicated by `format` (see Formats). For attributes that are not 64-bit data types, each component is converted to the format of the input variable based on its type and size (as defined in the Format Definition section for each VkFormat), using the appropriate equations in 16-Bit Floating-Point Numbers, Unsigned 11-Bit Floating-Point Numbers, Unsigned 10-Bit Floating-Point Numbers, Fixed-Point Data Conversion, and Shared Exponent to RGB. Signed integer components smaller than 32 bits are sign-extended. Attributes that are not 64-bit data types are expanded to four components in the same way as described in conversion to RGBA. The number of components in the vertex shader input variable need not exactly match the number of components in the format. If the vertex shader has fewer components, the extra components are discarded.

## 22. Tessellation

Tessellation involves three pipeline stages. First, a tessellation control shader transforms control points of a patch and can produce per-patch data. Second, a fixed-function tessellator generates multiple primitives corresponding to a tessellation of the patch in (u,v) or (u,v,w) parameter space. Third, a tessellation evaluation shader transforms the vertices of the tessellated patch, for example to compute their positions and attributes as part of the tessellated surface. The tessellator is enabled when the pipeline contains both a tessellation control shader and a tessellation evaluation shader.

### 22.1. Tessellator

If a pipeline includes both tessellation shaders (control and evaluation), the tessellator consumes each input patch (after vertex shading) and produces a new set of independent primitives (points, lines, or triangles). These primitives are logically produced by subdividing a geometric primitive (rectangle or triangle) according to the per-patch outer and inner tessellation levels written by the tessellation control shader. These levels are specified using the built-in variables `TessLevelOuter` and `TessLevelInner`, respectively. This subdivision is performed in an implementation-dependent manner. If no tessellation shaders are present in the pipeline, the tessellator is disabled and incoming primitives are passed through without modification.

The type of subdivision performed by the tessellator is specified by an `OpExecutionMode` instruction in the tessellation evaluation or tessellation control shader using one of execution modes `Triangles`, `Quads`, and `IsoLines`. Other tessellation-related execution modes can also be specified in either the tessellation control or tessellation evaluation shaders, and if they are specified in both then the modes must be the same.

Tessellation execution modes include:

- `Triangles`, `Quads`, and `IsoLines`. These control the type of subdivision and topology of the output primitives. One mode must be set in at least one of the tessellation shader stages.

- `VertexOrderCw` and `VertexOrderCcw`. These control the orientation of triangles generated by the tessellator. One mode must be set in at least one of the tessellation shader stages.

- `PointMode`. Controls generation of points rather than triangles or lines. This functionality defaults to disabled, and is enabled if either shader stage includes the execution mode.

- `SpacingEqual`, `SpacingFractionalEven`, and `SpacingFractionalOdd`. Controls the spacing of segments on the edges of tessellated primitives. One mode must be set in at least one of the tessellation shader stages.

- `OutputVertices`. Controls the size of the output patch of the tessellation control shader. One value must be set in at least one of the tessellation shader stages.

For triangles, the tessellator subdivides a triangle primitive into smaller triangles. For quads, the tessellator subdivides a rectangle primitive into smaller triangles. For isolines, the tessellator subdivides a rectangle primitive into a collection of line segments arranged in strips stretching across the rectangle in the u dimension (i.e. the coordinates in `TessCoord` are of the form (0,x) through (1,x) for all tessellation evaluation shader invocations that share a line).

Each vertex produced by the tessellator has an associated (u,v,w) or (u,v) position in a normalized parameter space, with parameter values in the range [0,1], as illustrated in figures Domain parameterization for tessellation primitive modes (upper-left origin) and Domain parameterization for tessellation primitive modes (lower-left origin). The domain space can have either an upper-left or lower-left origin, selected by the `domainOrigin` member of VkPipelineTessellationDomainOriginStateCreateInfo.

Figure 11. Domain parameterization for tessellation primitive modes (upper-left origin)
Figure 12. Domain parameterization for tessellation primitive modes (lower-left origin)
Caption

In the domain parameterization diagrams, the coordinates illustrate the value of `TessCoord` at the corners of the domain. The labels on the edges indicate the inner (IL0 and IL1) and outer (OL0 through OL3) tessellation level values used to control the number of subdivisions along each edge of the domain.

For triangles, the vertex’s position is a barycentric coordinate (u,v,w), where u + v + w = 1.0, and indicates the relative influence of the three vertices of the triangle on the position of the vertex. For quads and isolines, the position is a (u,v) coordinate indicating the relative horizontal and vertical position of the vertex relative to the subdivided rectangle. The subdivision process is explained in more detail in subsequent sections.

### 22.2. Tessellator Patch Discard

A patch is discarded by the tessellator if any relevant outer tessellation level is less than or equal to zero.

Patches will also be discarded if any relevant outer tessellation level corresponds to a floating-point NaN (not a number) in implementations supporting NaN.

No new primitives are generated and the tessellation evaluation shader is not executed for patches that are discarded. For `Quads`, all four outer levels are relevant. For `Triangles` and `IsoLines`, only the first three or two outer levels, respectively, are relevant. Negative inner levels will not cause a patch to be discarded; they will be clamped as described below.

### 22.3. Tessellator Spacing

Each of the tessellation levels is used to determine the number and spacing of segments used to subdivide a corresponding edge. The method used to derive the number and spacing of segments is specified by an `OpExecutionMode` in the tessellation control or tessellation evaluation shader using one of the identifiers `SpacingEqual`, `SpacingFractionalEven`, or `SpacingFractionalOdd`.

If `SpacingEqual` is used, the floating-point tessellation level is first clamped to [1, `maxLevel`], where `maxLevel` is the implementation-dependent maximum tessellation level (`VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxTessellationGenerationLevel`). The result is rounded up to the nearest integer n, and the corresponding edge is divided into n segments of equal length in (u,v) space.

If `SpacingFractionalEven` is used, the tessellation level is first clamped to [2, `maxLevel`] and then rounded up to the nearest even integer n. If `SpacingFractionalOdd` is used, the tessellation level is clamped to [1, `maxLevel` - 1] and then rounded up to the nearest odd integer n. If n is one, the edge will not be subdivided. Otherwise, the corresponding edge will be divided into n - 2 segments of equal length, and two additional segments of equal length that are typically shorter than the other segments. The length of the two additional segments relative to the others will decrease monotonically with n - f, where f is the clamped floating-point tessellation level. When n - f is zero, the additional segments will have equal length to the other segments. As n - f approaches 2.0, the relative length of the additional segments approaches zero. The two additional segments must be placed symmetrically on opposite sides of the subdivided edge. The relative location of these two segments is implementation-dependent, but must be identical for any pair of subdivided edges with identical values of f.

When tessellating triangles or quads using point mode with fractional odd spacing, the tessellator may produce interior vertices that are positioned on the edge of the patch if an inner tessellation level is less than or equal to one. Such vertices are considered distinct from vertices produced by subdividing the outer edge of the patch, even if there are pairs of vertices with identical coordinates.

### 22.4. Tessellation Primitive Ordering

Few guarantees are provided for the relative ordering of primitives produced by tessellation, as they pertain to primitive order.

- The output primitives generated from each input primitive are passed to subsequent pipeline stages in an implementation-dependent order.

- All output primitives generated from a given input primitive are passed to subsequent pipeline stages before any output primitives generated from subsequent input primitives.

### 22.5. Tessellator Vertex Winding Order

When the tessellator produces triangles (in the `Triangles` or `Quads` modes), the orientation of all triangles is specified with an `OpExecutionMode` of `VertexOrderCw` or `VertexOrderCcw` in the tessellation control or tessellation evaluation shaders. If the order is `VertexOrderCw`, the vertices of all generated triangles will have clockwise ordering in (u,v) or (u,v,w) space. If the order is `VertexOrderCcw`, the vertices will have counter-clockwise ordering in that space.

If the tessellation domain has an upper-left origin, the vertices of a triangle have counter-clockwise ordering if

  a = u0 v1 - u1 v0 + u1 v2 - u2 v1 + u2 v0 - u0 v2

is negative, and clockwise ordering if a is positive. ui and vi are the u and v coordinates in normalized parameter space of the ith vertex of the triangle. If the tessellation domain has a lower-left origin, the vertices of a triangle have counter-clockwise ordering if a is positive, and clockwise ordering if a is negative.

| Note The value a is proportional (with a positive factor) to the signed area of the triangle. In `Triangles` mode, even though the vertex coordinates have a w value, it does not participate directly in the computation of a, being an affine combination of u and v.

### 22.6. Triangle Tessellation

If the tessellation primitive mode is `Triangles`, an equilateral triangle is subdivided into a collection of triangles covering the area of the original triangle. First, the original triangle is subdivided into a collection of concentric equilateral triangles. The edges of each of these triangles are subdivided, and the area between each triangle pair is filled by triangles produced by joining the vertices on the subdivided edges. The number of concentric triangles and the number of subdivisions along each triangle except the outermost is derived from the first inner tessellation level. The edges of the outermost triangle are subdivided independently, using the first, second, and third outer tessellation levels to control the number of subdivisions of the u = 0 (left), v = 0 (bottom), and w = 0 (right) edges, respectively. The second inner tessellation level and the fourth outer tessellation level have no effect in this mode.

If the first inner tessellation level and all three outer tessellation levels are exactly one after clamping and rounding, only a single triangle with (u,v,w) coordinates of (0,0,1), (1,0,0), and (0,1,0) is generated. If the inner tessellation level is one and any of the outer tessellation levels is greater than one, the inner tessellation level is treated as though it were originally specified as 1 + ε and will result in a two- or three-segment subdivision depending on the tessellation spacing. When used with fractional odd spacing, the three-segment subdivision may produce inner vertices positioned on the edge of the triangle.

If any tessellation level is greater than one, tessellation begins by producing a set of concentric inner triangles and subdividing their edges. First, the three outer edges are temporarily subdivided using the clamped and rounded first inner tessellation level and the specified tessellation spacing, generating n segments. For the outermost inner triangle, the inner triangle is degenerate — a single point at the center of the triangle — if n is two. Otherwise, for each corner of the outer triangle, an inner triangle corner is produced at the intersection of two lines extended perpendicular to the corner’s two adjacent edges running through the vertex of the subdivided outer edge nearest that corner. If n is three, the edges of the inner triangle are not subdivided and it is the final triangle in the set of concentric triangles. Otherwise, each edge of the inner triangle is divided into n - 2 segments, with the n - 1 vertices of this subdivision produced by intersecting the inner edge with lines perpendicular to the edge running through the n - 1 innermost vertices of the subdivision of the outer edge. Once the outermost inner triangle is subdivided, the previous subdivision process repeats itself, using the generated triangle as an outer triangle. This subdivision process is illustrated in Inner Triangle Tessellation.

Figure 13. Inner Triangle Tessellation
Caption

In the Inner Triangle Tessellation diagram, inner tessellation levels of (a) four and (b) five are shown (not to scale). Solid black circles depict vertices along the edges of the concentric triangles. The edges of inner triangles are subdivided by intersecting the edge with segments perpendicular to the edge passing through each inner vertex of the subdivided outer edge. Dotted lines depict edges connecting corresponding vertices on the inner and outer triangle edges.

Once all the concentric triangles are produced and their edges are subdivided, the area between each pair of adjacent inner triangles is filled completely with a set of non-overlapping triangles. In this subdivision, two of the three vertices of each triangle are taken from adjacent vertices on a subdivided edge of one triangle; the third is one of the vertices on the corresponding edge of the other triangle. If the innermost triangle is degenerate (i.e., a point), the triangle containing it is subdivided into six triangles by connecting each of the six vertices on that triangle with the center point. If the innermost triangle is not degenerate, that triangle is added to the set of generated triangles as-is.

After the area corresponding to any inner triangles is filled, the tessellator generates triangles to cover the area between the outermost triangle and the outermost inner triangle. To do this, the temporary subdivision of the outer triangle edge above is discarded. Instead, the u = 0, v = 0, and w = 0 edges are subdivided according to the first, second, and third outer tessellation levels, respectively, and the tessellation spacing. The original subdivision of the first inner triangle is retained. The area between the outer and first inner triangles is completely filled by non-overlapping triangles as described above. If the first (and only) inner triangle is degenerate, a set of triangles is produced by connecting each vertex on the outer triangle edges with the center point.

After all triangles are generated, each vertex in the subdivided triangle is assigned a barycentric (u,v,w) coordinate based on its location relative to the three vertices of the outer triangle.

The algorithm used to subdivide the triangular domain in (u,v,w) space into individual triangles is implementation-dependent. However, the set of triangles produced will completely cover the domain, and no portion of the domain will be covered by multiple triangles.

Output triangles are generated with a topology similar to triangle lists, except that the order in which each triangle is generated, and the order in which the vertices are generated for each triangle, are implementation-dependent. However, the order of vertices in each triangle is consistent across the domain as described in Tessellator Vertex Winding Order.

### 22.7. Quad Tessellation

If the tessellation primitive mode is `Quads`, a rectangle is subdivided into a collection of triangles covering the area of the original rectangle. First, the original rectangle is subdivided into a regular mesh of rectangles, where the number of rectangles along the u = 0 and u = 1 (vertical) and v = 0 and v = 1 (horizontal) edges are derived from the first and second inner tessellation levels, respectively. All rectangles, except those adjacent to one of the outer rectangle edges, are decomposed into triangle pairs. The outermost rectangle edges are subdivided independently, using the first, second, third, and fourth outer tessellation levels to control the number of subdivisions of the u = 0 (left), v = 0 (bottom), u = 1 (right), and v = 1 (top) edges, respectively. The area between the inner rectangles of the mesh and the outer rectangle edges are filled by triangles produced by joining the vertices on the subdivided outer edges to the vertices on the edge of the inner rectangle mesh.

If both clamped inner tessellation levels and all four clamped outer tessellation levels are exactly one, only a single triangle pair covering the outer rectangle is generated. Otherwise, if either clamped inner tessellation level is one, that tessellation level is treated as though it was originally specified as 1 + ε and will result in a two- or three-segment subdivision depending on the tessellation spacing. When used with fractional odd spacing, the three-segment subdivision may produce inner vertices positioned on the edge of the rectangle.

If any tessellation level is greater than one, tessellation begins by subdividing the u = 0 and u = 1 edges of the outer rectangle into m segments using the clamped and rounded first inner tessellation level and the tessellation spacing. The v = 0 and v = 1 edges are subdivided into n segments using the second inner tessellation level. Each vertex on the u = 0 and v = 0 edges are joined with the corresponding vertex on the u = 1 and v = 1 edges to produce a set of vertical and horizontal lines that divide the rectangle into a grid of smaller rectangles. The primitive generator emits a pair of non-overlapping triangles covering each such rectangle not adjacent to an edge of the outer rectangle. The boundary of the region covered by these triangles forms an inner rectangle, the edges of which are subdivided by the grid vertices that lie on the edge. If either m or n is two, the inner rectangle is degenerate, and one or both of the rectangle’s edges consist of a single point. This subdivision is illustrated in Figure Inner Quad Tessellation.

Figure 14. Inner Quad Tessellation
Caption

In the Inner Quad Tessellation diagram, inner quad tessellation levels of (a) (4,2) and (b) (7,4) are shown. The regions highlighted in red in figure (b) depict the 10 inner rectangles, each of which will be subdivided into two triangles. Solid black circles depict vertices on the boundary of the outer and inner rectangles, where the inner rectangle of figure (a) is degenerate (a single line segment). Dotted lines depict the horizontal and vertical edges connecting corresponding vertices on the inner and outer rectangle edges.

After the area corresponding to the inner rectangle is filled, the tessellator must produce triangles to cover the area between the inner and outer rectangles. To do this, the subdivision of the outer rectangle edge above is discarded. Instead, the u = 0, v = 0, u = 1, and v = 1 edges are subdivided according to the first, second, third, and fourth outer tessellation levels, respectively, and the tessellation spacing. The original subdivision of the inner rectangle is retained. The area between the outer and inner rectangles is completely filled by non-overlapping triangles. Two of the three vertices of each triangle are adjacent vertices on a subdivided edge of one rectangle; the third is one of the vertices on the corresponding edge of the other rectangle. If either edge of the innermost rectangle is degenerate, the area near the corresponding outer edges is filled by connecting each vertex on the outer edge with the single vertex making up the inner edge.

The algorithm used to subdivide the rectangular domain in (u,v) space into individual triangles is implementation-dependent. However, the set of triangles produced will completely cover the domain, and no portion of the domain will be covered by multiple triangles.

Output triangles are generated with a topology similar to triangle lists, except that the order in which each triangle is generated, and the order in which the vertices are generated for each triangle, are implementation-dependent. However, the order of vertices in each triangle is consistent across the domain as described in Tessellator Vertex Winding Order.

### 22.8. Isoline Tessellation

If the tessellation primitive mode is `IsoLines`, a set of independent horizontal line segments is drawn. The segments are arranged into connected strips called isolines, where the vertices of each isoline have a constant v coordinate and u coordinates covering the full range [0,1]. The number of isolines generated is derived from the first outer tessellation level; the number of segments in each isoline is derived from the second outer tessellation level. Both inner tessellation levels and the third and fourth outer tessellation levels have no effect in this mode.

As with quad tessellation above, isoline tessellation begins with a rectangle. The u = 0 and u = 1 edges of the rectangle are subdivided according to the first outer tessellation level. For the purposes of this subdivision, the tessellation spacing mode is ignored and treated as equal_spacing. An isoline is drawn connecting each vertex on the u = 0 rectangle edge to the corresponding vertex on the u = 1 rectangle edge, except that no line is drawn between (0,1) and (1,1). If the number of isolines on the subdivided u = 0 and u = 1 edges is n, this process will result in n equally spaced lines with constant v coordinates of 0, n 1​,n 2​,…,n n−1​.

Each of the n isolines is then subdivided according to the second outer tessellation level and the tessellation spacing, resulting in m line segments. Each segment of each line is emitted by the tessellator. These line segments are generated with a topology similar to line lists, except that the order in which each line is generated, and the order in which the vertices are generated for each line segment, are implementation-dependent.

### 22.9. Tessellation Point Mode

For all primitive modes, the tessellator is capable of generating points instead of lines or triangles. If the tessellation control or tessellation evaluation shader specifies the `OpExecutionMode` `PointMode`, the primitive generator will generate one point for each distinct vertex produced by tessellation, rather than emitting triangles or lines. Otherwise, the tessellator will produce a collection of line segments or triangles according to the primitive mode. These points are generated with a topology similar to point lists, except the order in which the points are generated for each input primitive is undefined.

### 22.10. Tessellation Pipeline State

The `pTessellationState` member of VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo is a pointer to a `VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo` structure.

The `VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                           sType;
        const void*                               pNext;
        VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateFlags    flags;
        uint32_t                                  patchControlPoints;
    } VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `patchControlPoints` is the number of control points per patch.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo-patchControlPoints-01214
  `patchControlPoints` must be greater than zero and less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxTessellationPatchSize`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_TESSELLATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkPipelineTessellationDomainOriginStateCreateInfo

- VUID-VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The `VkPipelineTessellationDomainOriginStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPipelineTessellationDomainOriginStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType               sType;
        const void*                   pNext;
        VkTessellationDomainOrigin    domainOrigin;
    } VkPipelineTessellationDomainOriginStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `domainOrigin` is a VkTessellationDomainOrigin value controlling the origin of the tessellation domain space.

If the `VkPipelineTessellationDomainOriginStateCreateInfo` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo, it controls the origin of the tessellation domain. If this structure is not present, it is as if `domainOrigin` was `VK_TESSELLATION_DOMAIN_ORIGIN_UPPER_LEFT`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineTessellationDomainOriginStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_TESSELLATION_DOMAIN_ORIGIN_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineTessellationDomainOriginStateCreateInfo-domainOrigin-parameter
  `domainOrigin` must be a valid VkTessellationDomainOrigin value

The possible tessellation domain origins are specified by the VkTessellationDomainOrigin enumeration:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkTessellationDomainOrigin {
        VK_TESSELLATION_DOMAIN_ORIGIN_UPPER_LEFT = 0,
        VK_TESSELLATION_DOMAIN_ORIGIN_LOWER_LEFT = 1,
    } VkTessellationDomainOrigin;

- `VK_TESSELLATION_DOMAIN_ORIGIN_UPPER_LEFT` specifies that the origin of the domain space is in the upper left corner, as shown in figure Domain parameterization for tessellation primitive modes (upper-left origin).

- `VK_TESSELLATION_DOMAIN_ORIGIN_LOWER_LEFT` specifies that the origin of the domain space is in the lower left corner, as shown in figure Domain parameterization for tessellation primitive modes (lower-left origin).

This enum affects how the `VertexOrderCw` and `VertexOrderCcw` tessellation execution modes are interpreted, since the winding is defined relative to the orientation of the domain.

## 23. Geometry Shading

The geometry shader operates on a group of vertices and their associated data assembled from a single input primitive, and emits zero or more output primitives and the group of vertices and their associated data required for each output primitive. Geometry shading is enabled when a geometry shader is included in the pipeline.

### 23.1. Geometry Shader Input Primitives

Each geometry shader invocation has access to all vertices in the primitive (and their associated data), which are presented to the shader as an array of inputs.

The input primitive type expected by the geometry shader is specified with an `OpExecutionMode` instruction in the geometry shader, and must match the incoming primitive type specified by either the pipeline’s primitive topology if tessellation is inactive, or the tessellation mode if tessellation is active, as follows:

- An input primitive type of `InputPoints` must only be used with a pipeline topology of `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST`, or with a tessellation shader specifying `PointMode`. The input arrays always contain one element, as described by the point list topology or tessellation in point mode.

- An input primitive type of `InputLines` must only be used with a pipeline topology of `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST` or `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP`, or with a tessellation shader specifying `IsoLines` that does not specify `PointMode`. The input arrays always contain two elements, as described by the line list topology or line strip topology, or by isoline tessellation.

- An input primitive type of `InputLinesAdjacency` must only be used when tessellation is inactive, with a pipeline topology of `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY` or `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY`. The input arrays always contain four elements, as described by the line list with adjacency topology or line strip with adjacency topology.

- An input primitive type of `Triangles` must only be used with a pipeline topology of `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST`, `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP`, or `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_FAN`; or with a tessellation shader specifying `Quads` or `Triangles` that does not specify `PointMode`. The input arrays always contain three elements, as described by the triangle list topology, triangle strip topology, or triangle fan topology, or by triangle or quad tessellation. Vertices may be in a different absolute order than specified by the topology, but must adhere to the specified winding order.

- An input primitive type of `InputTrianglesAdjacency` must only be used when tessellation is inactive, with a pipeline topology of `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY` or `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY`. The input arrays always contain six elements, as described by the triangle list with adjacency topology or triangle strip with adjacency topology. Vertices may be in a different absolute order than specified by the topology, but must adhere to the specified winding order, and the vertices making up the main primitive must still occur at the first, third, and fifth index.

### 23.2. Geometry Shader Output Primitives

A geometry shader generates primitives in one of three output modes: points, line strips, or triangle strips. The primitive mode is specified in the shader using an `OpExecutionMode` instruction with the `OutputPoints`, `OutputLineStrip` or `OutputTriangleStrip` modes, respectively. Each geometry shader must include exactly one output primitive mode.

The vertices output by the geometry shader are assembled into points, lines, or triangles based on the output primitive type and the resulting primitives are then further processed as described in Rasterization. If the number of vertices emitted by the geometry shader is not sufficient to produce a single primitive, vertices corresponding to incomplete primitives are not processed by subsequent pipeline stages. The number of vertices output by the geometry shader is limited to a maximum count specified in the shader.

The maximum output vertex count is specified in the shader using an `OpExecutionMode` instruction with the mode set to `OutputVertices` and the maximum number of vertices that will be produced by the geometry shader specified as a literal. Each geometry shader must specify a maximum output vertex count.

### 23.3. Multiple Invocations of Geometry Shaders

Geometry shaders can be invoked more than one time for each input primitive. This is known as geometry shader instancing and is requested by including an `OpExecutionMode` instruction with `mode` specified as `Invocations` and the number of invocations specified as an integer literal.

In this mode, the geometry shader will execute at least n times for each input primitive, where n is the number of invocations specified in the `OpExecutionMode` instruction. The instance number is available to each invocation as a built-in input using `InvocationId`.

### 23.4. Geometry Shader Primitive Ordering

Limited guarantees are provided for the relative ordering of primitives produced by a geometry shader, as they pertain to primitive order.

- For instanced geometry shaders, the output primitives generated from each input primitive are passed to subsequent pipeline stages using the invocation number to order the primitives, from least to greatest.

- All output primitives generated from a given input primitive are passed to subsequent pipeline stages before any output primitives generated from subsequent input primitives.

## 24. Fixed-Function Vertex Post-Processing

After pre-rasterization shader stages, the following fixed-function operations are applied to vertices of the resulting primitives:

- Flat shading (see Flat Shading).

- Primitive clipping, including client-defined half-spaces (see Primitive Clipping).

- Shader output attribute clipping (see Clipping Shader Outputs).

- Perspective division on clip coordinates (see Coordinate Transformations).

- Viewport mapping, including depth range scaling (see Controlling the Viewport).

- Front face determination for polygon primitives (see Basic Polygon Rasterization).

| editing-note TODO:Odd that this one link to a different chapter is in this list.

Next, rasterization is performed on primitives as described in chapter Rasterization.

### 24.1. Flat Shading

Flat shading a vertex output attribute means to assign all vertices of the primitive the same value for that output. The output values assigned are those of the provoking vertex of the primitive. Flat shading is applied to those vertex attributes that match fragment input attributes which are decorated as `Flat`.

If neither geometry nor tessellation shading is active, the provoking vertex is determined by the primitive topology defined by VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo:`topology` used to execute the drawing command.

If geometry shading is active, the provoking vertex is determined by the primitive topology defined by the `OutputPoints`, `OutputLineStrips`, or `OutputTriangleStrips` execution mode.

If tessellation shading is active but geometry shading is not, the provoking vertex may be any of the vertices in each primitive.

### 24.2. Primitive Clipping

Primitives are culled against the cull volume and then clipped to the clip volume. In clip coordinates, the view volume is defined by:

−w c​≤x c​≤w c​−w c​≤y c​≤w c​z m​≤z c​≤w c​​

where zm is equal to zero.

This view volume can be further restricted by as many as `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxClipDistances` client-defined half-spaces.

The cull volume is the intersection of up to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxCullDistances` client-defined half-spaces (if no client-defined cull half-spaces are enabled, culling against the cull volume is skipped).

A shader must write a single cull distance for each enabled cull half-space to elements of the `CullDistance` array. If the cull distance for any enabled cull half-space is negative for all of the vertices of the primitive under consideration, the primitive is discarded. Otherwise the primitive is clipped against the clip volume as defined below.

The clip volume is the intersection of up to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxClipDistances` client-defined half-spaces with the view volume (if no client-defined clip half-spaces are enabled, the clip volume is the view volume).

A shader must write a single clip distance for each enabled clip half-space to elements of the `ClipDistance` array. Clip half-space i is then given by the set of points satisfying the inequality

  ci(P) ≥ 0

where ci(P) is the clip distance i at point P. For point primitives, ci(P) is simply the clip distance for the vertex in question. For line and triangle primitives, per-vertex clip distances are interpolated using a weighted mean, with weights derived according to the algorithms described in sections Basic Line Segment Rasterization and Basic Polygon Rasterization, using the perspective interpolation equations.

The number of client-defined clip and cull half-spaces that are enabled is determined by the explicit size of the built-in arrays `ClipDistance` and `CullDistance`, respectively, declared as an output in the interface of the entry point of the final shader stage before clipping.

Depth clamping is enabled or disabled via the `depthClampEnable` enable of the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo structure. Depth clipping is disabled when `depthClampEnable` is `VK_TRUE`. When depth clipping is disabled, the plane equation

  zm ≤ zc ≤ wc

(see the clip volume definition above) is ignored by view volume clipping (effectively, there is no near or far plane clipping).

If the primitive under consideration is a point or line segment, then clipping passes it unchanged if its vertices lie entirely within the clip volume.

Possible values of VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties::`pointClippingBehavior`, specifying clipping behavior of a point primitive whose vertex lies outside the clip volume, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkPointClippingBehavior {
        VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_ALL_CLIP_PLANES = 0,
        VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_USER_CLIP_PLANES_ONLY = 1,
    } VkPointClippingBehavior;

- `VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_ALL_CLIP_PLANES` specifies that the primitive is discarded if the vertex lies outside any clip plane, including the planes bounding the view volume.

- `VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_USER_CLIP_PLANES_ONLY` specifies that the primitive is discarded only if the vertex lies outside any user clip plane.

If either of a line segment’s vertices lie outside of the clip volume, the line segment may be clipped, with new vertex coordinates computed for each vertex that lies outside the clip volume. A clipped line segment endpoint lies on both the original line segment and the boundary of the clip volume.

This clipping produces a value, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, for each clipped vertex. If the coordinates of a clipped vertex are P and the unclipped line segment’s vertex coordinates are P1 and P2, then t satisfies the following equation

  P = t P1 + (1-t) P2.

t is used to clip vertex output attributes as described in Clipping Shader Outputs.

If the primitive is a polygon, it passes unchanged if every one of its edges lies entirely inside the clip volume, and is either clipped or discarded otherwise. If the edges of the polygon intersect the boundary of the clip volume, the intersecting edges are reconnected by new edges that lie along the boundary of the clip volume - in some cases requiring the introduction of new vertices into a polygon.

If a polygon intersects an edge of the clip volume’s boundary, the clipped polygon must include a point on this boundary edge.

Primitives rendered with user-defined half-spaces must satisfy a complementarity criterion. Suppose a series of primitives is drawn where each vertex i has a single specified clip distance di (or a number of similarly specified clip distances, if multiple half-spaces are enabled). Next, suppose that the same series of primitives are drawn again with each such clip distance replaced by -di (and the graphics pipeline is otherwise the same). In this case, primitives must not be missing any pixels, and pixels must not be drawn twice in regions where those primitives are cut by the clip planes.

### 24.3. Clipping Shader Outputs

Next, vertex output attributes are clipped. The output values associated with a vertex that lies within the clip volume are unaffected by clipping. If a primitive is clipped, however, the output values assigned to vertices produced by clipping are clipped.

Let the output values assigned to the two vertices P1 and P2 of an unclipped edge be c1 and c2. The value of t (see Primitive Clipping) for a clipped point P is used to obtain the output value associated with P as

  c = t c1 + (1-t) c2.

(Multiplying an output value by a scalar means multiplying each of x, y, z, and w by the scalar.)

Since this computation is performed in clip space before division by wc, clipped output values are perspective-correct.

Polygon clipping creates a clipped vertex along an edge of the clip volume’s boundary. This situation is handled by noting that polygon clipping proceeds by clipping against one half-space at a time. Output value clipping is done in the same way, so that clipped points always occur at the intersection of polygon edges (possibly already clipped) with the clip volume’s boundary.

For vertex output attributes whose matching fragment input attributes are decorated with `NoPerspective`, the value of t used to obtain the output value associated with P will be adjusted to produce results that vary linearly in framebuffer space.

Output attributes of integer or unsigned integer type must always be flat shaded. Flat shaded attributes are constant over the primitive being rasterized (see Basic Line Segment Rasterization and Basic Polygon Rasterization), and no interpolation is performed. The output value c is taken from either c1 or c2, since flat shading has already occurred and the two values are identical.

### 24.4. Coordinate Transformations

Clip coordinates for a vertex result from shader execution, which yields a vertex coordinate `Position`.

Perspective division on clip coordinates yields normalized device coordinates, followed by a viewport transformation (see Controlling the Viewport) to convert these coordinates into framebuffer coordinates.

If a vertex in clip coordinates has a position given by

⎝⎜⎜⎜⎛​x c​y c​z c​w c​​⎠⎟⎟⎟⎞​

then the vertex’s normalized device coordinates are

⎝⎜⎛​x d​y d​z d​​⎠⎟⎞​=⎝⎜⎛​w c​x c​​w c​y c​​w c​z c​​​⎠⎟⎞​

### 24.5. Controlling the Viewport

The viewport transformation is determined by the selected viewport’s width and height in pixels, px and py, respectively, and its center (ox, oy) (also in pixels), as well as its depth range min and max determining a depth range scale value pz and a depth range bias value oz (defined below). The vertex’s framebuffer coordinates (xf, yf, zf) are given by

  xf = (px / 2) xd + ox

  yf = (py / 2) yd + oy

  zf = pz × zd + oz

Multiple viewports are available, numbered zero up to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports` minus one. The number of viewports used by a pipeline is controlled by the `viewportCount` member of the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo` structure used in pipeline creation.

xf and yf have limited precision, where the number of fractional bits retained is specified by `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`subPixelPrecisionBits`.

The `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                       sType;
        const void*                           pNext;
        VkPipelineViewportStateCreateFlags    flags;
        uint32_t                              viewportCount;
        const VkViewport*                     pViewports;
        uint32_t                              scissorCount;
        const VkRect2D*                       pScissors;
    } VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `viewportCount` is the number of viewports used by the pipeline.

- `pViewports` is a pointer to an array of VkViewport structures, defining the viewport transforms. If the viewport state is dynamic, this member is ignored.

- `scissorCount` is the number of scissors and must match the number of viewports.

- `pScissors` is a pointer to an array of VkRect2D structures defining the rectangular bounds of the scissor for the corresponding viewport. If the scissor state is dynamic, this member is ignored.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-viewportCount-01216
  If the multiple viewports feature is not enabled, `viewportCount` must not be greater than `1`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-scissorCount-01217
  If the multiple viewports feature is not enabled, `scissorCount` must not be greater than `1`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-viewportCount-01218
  `viewportCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-scissorCount-01219
  `scissorCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-x-02821
  The `x` and `y` members of `offset` member of any element of `pScissors` must be greater than or equal to `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-offset-02822
  Evaluation of (`offset.x` + `extent.width`) must not cause a signed integer addition overflow for any element of `pScissors`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-offset-02823
  Evaluation of (`offset.y` + `extent.height`) must not cause a signed integer addition overflow for any element of `pScissors`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-scissorCount-04134
  If the graphics pipeline is being created without `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` and `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` set then `scissorCount` and `viewportCount` must be identical

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-viewportCount-04135
  If the graphics pipeline is being created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` set then `viewportCount` must be `0`, otherwise it must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-scissorCount-04136
  If the graphics pipeline is being created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` set then `scissorCount` must be `0`, otherwise it must be greater than `0`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

To dynamically set the viewport count and viewports, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetViewportWithCount(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    viewportCount,
        const VkViewport*                           pViewports);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `viewportCount` specifies the viewport count.

- `pViewports` specifies the viewports to use for drawing.

This command sets the viewport count and viewports state for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the corresponding VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::`viewportCount` and `pViewports` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-viewportCount-03394
  `viewportCount` must be between `1` and `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`, inclusive

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-viewportCount-03395
  If the multiple viewports feature is not enabled, `viewportCount` must be `1`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-pViewports-parameter
  `pViewports` must be a valid pointer to an array of `viewportCount` valid VkViewport structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-viewportCount-arraylength
  `viewportCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

To dynamically set the scissor count and scissor rectangular bounds, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetScissorWithCount(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    scissorCount,
        const VkRect2D*                             pScissors);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `scissorCount` specifies the scissor count.

- `pScissors` specifies the scissors to use for drawing.

This command sets the scissor count and scissor rectangular bounds state for subsequence drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the corresponding VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::`scissorCount` and `pScissors` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-scissorCount-03397
  `scissorCount` must be between `1` and `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`, inclusive

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-scissorCount-03398
  If the multiple viewports feature is not enabled, `scissorCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-x-03399
  The `x` and `y` members of `offset` member of any element of `pScissors` must be greater than or equal to `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-offset-03400
  Evaluation of (`offset.x` + `extent.width`) must not cause a signed integer addition overflow for any element of `pScissors`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-offset-03401
  Evaluation of (`offset.y` + `extent.height`) must not cause a signed integer addition overflow for any element of `pScissors`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-pScissors-parameter
  `pScissors` must be a valid pointer to an array of `scissorCount` VkRect2D structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-scissorCount-arraylength
  `scissorCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineViewportStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineViewportStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

A pre-rasterization shader stage can direct each primitive to one of several viewports. The destination viewport for a primitive is selected by the last active pre-rasterization shader stage that has an output variable decorated with `ViewportIndex`. The viewport transform uses the viewport corresponding to the value assigned to `ViewportIndex`, and taken from an implementation-dependent vertex of each primitive. If `ViewportIndex` is outside the range zero to `viewportCount` minus one for a primitive, or if the last active pre-rasterization shader stage did not assign a value to `ViewportIndex` for all vertices of a primitive due to flow control, the values resulting from the viewport transformation of the vertices of such primitives are undefined. If the last pre-rasterization shader stage does not have an output decorated with `ViewportIndex`, the viewport numbered zero is used by the viewport transformation.

A single vertex can be used in more than one individual primitive, in primitives such as `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP`. In this case, the viewport transformation is applied separately for each primitive.

To dynamically set the viewport transformation parameters, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetViewport(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstViewport,
        uint32_t                                    viewportCount,
        const VkViewport*                           pViewports);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `firstViewport` is the index of the first viewport whose parameters are updated by the command.

- `viewportCount` is the number of viewports whose parameters are updated by the command.

- `pViewports` is a pointer to an array of VkViewport structures specifying viewport parameters.

This command sets the viewport transformation parameters state for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`pViewports` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

The viewport parameters taken from element i of `pViewports` replace the current state for the viewport index `firstViewport` + i, for i in [0, `viewportCount`).

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-firstViewport-01223
  The sum of `firstViewport` and `viewportCount` must be between `1` and `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`, inclusive

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-firstViewport-01224
  If the multiple viewports feature is not enabled, `firstViewport` must be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-viewportCount-01225
  If the multiple viewports feature is not enabled, `viewportCount` must be `1`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-pViewports-parameter
  `pViewports` must be a valid pointer to an array of `viewportCount` valid VkViewport structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-viewportCount-arraylength
  `viewportCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

Both VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo and vkCmdSetViewport use `VkViewport` to set the viewport transformation parameters.

The `VkViewport` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkViewport {
        float    x;
        float    y;
        float    width;
        float    height;
        float    minDepth;
        float    maxDepth;
    } VkViewport;

- `x` and `y` are the viewport’s upper left corner (x,y).

- `width` and `height` are the viewport’s width and height, respectively.

- `minDepth` and `maxDepth` are the depth range for the viewport.

| Note Despite their names, `minDepth` can be less than, equal to, or greater than `maxDepth`.

The framebuffer depth coordinate `z`f may be represented using either a fixed-point or floating-point representation. However, a floating-point representation must be used if the depth/stencil attachment has a floating-point depth component. If an m-bit fixed-point representation is used, we assume that it represents each value 2 m−1 k​, where k ∈ { 0, 1, …​, 2m-1 }, as k (e.g. 1.0 is represented in binary as a string of all ones).

The viewport parameters shown in the above equations are found from these values as

  ox = `x` + `width` / 2

  oy = `y` + `height` / 2

  oz = `minDepth`

  px = `width`

  py = `height`

  pz = `maxDepth` - `minDepth`.

The application can specify a negative term for `height`, which has the effect of negating the y coordinate in clip space before performing the transform. When using a negative `height`, the application should also adjust the `y` value to point to the lower left corner of the viewport instead of the upper left corner. Using the negative `height` allows the application to avoid having to negate the y component of the `Position` output from the last pre-rasterization shader stage.

The width and height of the implementation-dependent maximum viewport dimensions must be greater than or equal to the width and height of the largest image which can be created and attached to a framebuffer.

The floating-point viewport bounds are represented with an implementation-dependent precision.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkViewport-width-01770
  `width` must be greater than `0.0`

- VUID-VkViewport-width-01771
  `width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewportDimensions`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-height-01773
  The absolute value of `height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewportDimensions`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-x-01774
  `x` must be greater than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-x-01232
  (`x` + `width`) must be less than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01775
  `y` must be greater than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01776
  `y` must be less than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01777
  (`y` + `height`) must be greater than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01233
  (`y` + `height`) must be less than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-minDepth-02540
  `minDepth` must be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive

- VUID-VkViewport-maxDepth-02541
  `maxDepth` must be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive

## 25. Rasterization

Rasterization is the process by which a primitive is converted to a two-dimensional image. Each discrete location of this image contains associated data such as depth, color, or other attributes.

Rasterizing a primitive begins by determining which squares of an integer grid in framebuffer coordinates are occupied by the primitive, and assigning one or more depth values to each such square. This process is described below for points, lines, and polygons.

A grid square, including its (x,y) framebuffer coordinates, z (depth), and associated data added by fragment shaders, is called a fragment. A fragment is located by its upper left corner, which lies on integer grid coordinates.

Rasterization operations also refer to a fragment’s sample locations, which are offset by fractional values from its upper left corner. The rasterization rules for points, lines, and triangles involve testing whether each sample location is inside the primitive. Fragments need not actually be square, and rasterization rules are not affected by the aspect ratio of fragments. Display of non-square grids, however, will cause rasterized points and line segments to appear fatter in one direction than the other.

We assume that fragments are square, since it simplifies antialiasing and texturing. After rasterization, fragments are processed by fragment operations.

Several factors affect rasterization, including the members of VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo and VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo.

The `VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                            sType;
        const void*                                pNext;
        VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateFlags    flags;
        VkBool32                                   depthClampEnable;
        VkBool32                                   rasterizerDiscardEnable;
        VkPolygonMode                              polygonMode;
        VkCullModeFlags                            cullMode;
        VkFrontFace                                frontFace;
        VkBool32                                   depthBiasEnable;
        float                                      depthBiasConstantFactor;
        float                                      depthBiasClamp;
        float                                      depthBiasSlopeFactor;
        float                                      lineWidth;
    } VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `depthClampEnable` controls whether to clamp the fragment’s depth values as described in Depth Test. Enabling depth clamp will also disable clipping primitives to the z planes of the frustrum as described in Primitive Clipping.

- `rasterizerDiscardEnable` controls whether primitives are discarded immediately before the rasterization stage.

- `polygonMode` is the triangle rendering mode. See VkPolygonMode.

- `cullMode` is the triangle facing direction used for primitive culling. See VkCullModeFlagBits.

- `frontFace` is a VkFrontFace value specifying the front-facing triangle orientation to be used for culling.

- `depthBiasEnable` controls whether to bias fragment depth values.

- `depthBiasConstantFactor` is a scalar factor controlling the constant depth value added to each fragment.

- `depthBiasClamp` is the maximum (or minimum) depth bias of a fragment.

- `depthBiasSlopeFactor` is a scalar factor applied to a fragment’s slope in depth bias calculations.

- `lineWidth` is the width of rasterized line segments.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo-depthClampEnable-00782
  If the depth clamping feature is not enabled, `depthClampEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo-polygonMode-01413
  If the non-solid fill modes feature is not enabled, `polygonMode` must be `VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo-polygonMode-parameter
  `polygonMode` must be a valid VkPolygonMode value

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo-cullMode-parameter
  `cullMode` must be a valid combination of VkCullModeFlagBits values

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo-frontFace-parameter
  `frontFace` must be a valid VkFrontFace value

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The `VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                          sType;
        const void*                              pNext;
        VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateFlags    flags;
        VkSampleCountFlagBits                    rasterizationSamples;
        VkBool32                                 sampleShadingEnable;
        float                                    minSampleShading;
        const VkSampleMask*                      pSampleMask;
        VkBool32                                 alphaToCoverageEnable;
        VkBool32                                 alphaToOneEnable;
    } VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `rasterizationSamples` is a VkSampleCountFlagBits value specifying the number of samples used in rasterization.

- `sampleShadingEnable` can be used to enable Sample Shading.

- `minSampleShading` specifies a minimum fraction of sample shading if `sampleShadingEnable` is set to `VK_TRUE`.

- `pSampleMask` is a pointer to an array of `VkSampleMask` values used in the sample mask test.

- `alphaToCoverageEnable` controls whether a temporary coverage value is generated based on the alpha component of the fragment’s first color output as specified in the Multisample Coverage section.

- `alphaToOneEnable` controls whether the alpha component of the fragment’s first color output is replaced with one as described in Multisample Coverage.

Each bit in the sample mask is associated with a unique sample index as defined for the coverage mask. Each bit b for mask word w in the sample mask corresponds to sample index i, where i = 32 × w + b. `pSampleMask` has a length equal to ⌈ `rasterizationSamples` / 32 ⌉ words.

If `pSampleMask` is `NULL`, it is treated as if the mask has all bits set to `1`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo-sampleShadingEnable-00784
  If the sample rate shading feature is not enabled, `sampleShadingEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo-alphaToOneEnable-00785
  If the alpha to one feature is not enabled, `alphaToOneEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo-minSampleShading-00786
  `minSampleShading` must be in the range [0,1]

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo-rasterizationSamples-parameter
  `rasterizationSamples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo-pSampleMask-parameter
  If `pSampleMask` is not `NULL`, `pSampleMask` must be a valid pointer to an array of ⌈3 2 r a s t e r i z a t i o n S a m p l e s​⌉ `VkSampleMask` values

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The elements of the sample mask array are of type `VkSampleMask`, each representing 32 bits of coverage information:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef uint32_t VkSampleMask;

Rasterization only generates fragments which cover one or more pixels inside the framebuffer. Pixels outside the framebuffer are never considered covered in the fragment. Fragments which would be produced by application of any of the primitive rasterization rules described below but which lie outside the framebuffer are not produced, nor are they processed by any later stage of the pipeline, including any of the fragment operations.

Surviving fragments are processed by fragment shaders. Fragment shaders determine associated data for fragments, and can also modify or replace their assigned depth values.

### 25.1. Discarding Primitives Before Rasterization

Primitives are discarded before rasterization if the `rasterizerDiscardEnable` member of VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo is enabled. When enabled, primitives are discarded after they are processed by the last active shader stage in the pipeline before rasterization.

To dynamically enable whether primitives are discarded before the rasterization stage, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    rasterizerDiscardEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `rasterizerDiscardEnable` controls whether primitives are discarded immediately before the rasterization stage.

This command sets the discard enable for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`rasterizerDiscardEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

### 25.2. Rasterization Order

Within a subpass of a render pass instance, for a given (x,y,layer,sample) sample location, the following operations are guaranteed to execute in rasterization order, for each separate primitive that includes that sample location:

1. Fragment operations, in the order defined

2. Blending, logic operations, and color writes

Execution of these operations for each primitive in a subpass occurs in primitive order.

### 25.3. Multisampling

Multisampling is a mechanism to antialias all Vulkan primitives: points, lines, and polygons. The technique is to sample all primitives multiple times at each pixel. Each sample in each framebuffer attachment has storage for a color, depth, and/or stencil value, such that per-fragment operations apply to each sample independently. The color sample values can be later resolved to a single color (see Resolving Multisample Images and the Render Pass chapter for more details on how to resolve multisample images to non-multisample images).

Vulkan defines rasterization rules for single-sample modes in a way that is equivalent to a multisample mode with a single sample in the center of each fragment.

Each fragment includes a coverage mask with a single bit for each sample in the fragment, and a number of depth values and associated data for each sample. An implementation may choose to assign the same associated data to more than one sample. The location for evaluating such associated data may be anywhere within the fragment area including the fragment’s center location (xf,yf) or any of the sample locations. When `rasterizationSamples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, the fragment’s center location must be used. The different associated data values need not all be evaluated at the same location.

It is understood that each pixel has `rasterizationSamples` locations associated with it. These locations are exact positions, rather than regions or areas, and each is referred to as a sample point. The sample points associated with a pixel must be located inside or on the boundary of the unit square that is considered to bound the pixel. Furthermore, the relative locations of sample points may be identical for each pixel in the framebuffer, or they may differ.

If the current pipeline includes a fragment shader with one or more variables in its interface decorated with `Sample` and `Input`, the data associated with those variables will be assigned independently for each sample. The values for each sample must be evaluated at the location of the sample. The data associated with any other variables not decorated with `Sample` and `Input` need not be evaluated independently for each sample.

A coverage mask is generated for each fragment, based on which samples within that fragment are determined to be within the area of the primitive that generated the fragment.

Single pixel fragments have one set of samples. Each set of samples has a number of samples determined by VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`rasterizationSamples`. Each sample in a set is assigned a unique sample index i in the range [0, `rasterizationSamples`).

Each sample in a fragment is also assigned a unique coverage index j in the range [0, n × `rasterizationSamples`), where n is the number of sets in the fragment. If the fragment contains a single set of samples, the coverage index is always equal to the sample index.

The coverage mask includes B bits packed into W words, defined as:

  B = n × `rasterizationSamples`

  W = ⌈B/32⌉

Bit b in coverage mask word w is `1` if the sample with coverage index j = 32*w + b is covered, and `0` otherwise.

If the `standardSampleLocations` member of VkPhysicalDeviceLimits is `VK_TRUE`, then the sample counts `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT`, `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`, `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT`, and `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT` have sample locations as listed in the following table, with the ith entry in the table corresponding to sample index i. `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT` and `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT` do not have standard sample locations. Locations are defined relative to an origin in the upper left corner of the fragment.

Table 23. Standard sample locations
Sample count | Sample Locations
--- | ---
`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | (0.5,0.5) |
`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT` | (0.75,0.75) (0.25,0.25) |
`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT` | (0.375, 0.125) (0.875, 0.375) (0.125, 0.625) (0.625, 0.875) |
`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT` | (0.5625, 0.3125) (0.4375, 0.6875) (0.8125, 0.5625) (0.3125, 0.1875) (0.1875, 0.8125) (0.0625, 0.4375) (0.6875, 0.9375) (0.9375, 0.0625) |
`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT` | (0.5625, 0.5625) (0.4375, 0.3125) (0.3125, 0.625) (0.75, 0.4375) (0.1875, 0.375) (0.625, 0.8125) (0.8125, 0.6875) (0.6875, 0.1875) (0.375, 0.875) (0.5, 0.0625) (0.25, 0.125) (0.125, 0.75) (0.0, 0.5) (0.9375, 0.25) (0.875, 0.9375) (0.0625, 0.0) |

### 25.4. Sample Shading

Sample shading can be used to specify a minimum number of unique samples to process for each fragment. If sample shading is enabled, an implementation must provide a minimum of max(⌈ `minSampleShadingFactor` × `totalSamples` ⌉, 1) unique associated data for each fragment, where `minSampleShadingFactor` is the minimum fraction of sample shading. `totalSamples` is the value of VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`rasterizationSamples` specified at pipeline creation time. These are associated with the samples in an implementation-dependent manner. When `minSampleShadingFactor` is `1.0`, a separate set of associated data are evaluated for each sample, and each set of values is evaluated at the sample location.

Sample shading is enabled for a graphics pipeline:

- If the interface of the fragment shader entry point of the graphics pipeline includes an input variable decorated with `SampleId` or `SamplePosition`. In this case `minSampleShadingFactor` takes the value `1.0`.

- Else if the `sampleShadingEnable` member of the VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo structure specified when creating the graphics pipeline is set to `VK_TRUE`. In this case `minSampleShadingFactor` takes the value of VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`minSampleShading`.

Otherwise, sample shading is considered disabled.

### 25.5. Points

A point is drawn by generating a set of fragments in the shape of a square centered around the vertex of the point. Each vertex has an associated point size controlling the width/height of that square. The point size is taken from the (potentially clipped) shader built-in `PointSize` written by:

- the geometry shader, if active;

- the tessellation evaluation shader, if active and no geometry shader is active;

- the vertex shader, otherwise

and clamped to the implementation-dependent point size range [`pointSizeRange`[0],`pointSizeRange`[1]]. The value written to `PointSize` must be greater than zero.

Not all point sizes need be supported, but the size 1.0 must be supported. The range of supported sizes and the size of evenly-spaced gradations within that range are implementation-dependent. The range and gradations are obtained from the `pointSizeRange` and `pointSizeGranularity` members of VkPhysicalDeviceLimits. If, for instance, the size range is from 0.1 to 2.0 and the gradation size is 0.1, then the sizes 0.1, 0.2, …​, 1.9, 2.0 are supported. Additional point sizes may also be supported. There is no requirement that these sizes be equally spaced. If an unsupported size is requested, the nearest supported size is used instead.

#### 25.5.1. Basic Point Rasterization

Point rasterization produces a fragment for each fragment area group of framebuffer pixels with one or more sample points that intersect a region centered at the point’s (xf,yf). This region is a square with side equal to the current point size. Coverage bits that correspond to sample points that intersect the region are 1, other coverage bits are 0. All fragments produced in rasterizing a point are assigned the same associated data, which are those of the vertex corresponding to the point. However, the fragment shader built-in `PointCoord` contains point sprite texture coordinates. The s and t point sprite texture coordinates vary from zero to one across the point horizontally left-to-right and vertically top-to-bottom, respectively. The following formulas are used to evaluate s and t:

s=2 1​+size(x p​−x f​)​
t=2 1​+size(y p​−y f​)​

where size is the point’s size; (xp,yp) is the location at which the point sprite coordinates are evaluated - this may be the framebuffer coordinates of the fragment center, or the location of a sample; and (xf,yf) is the exact, unrounded framebuffer coordinate of the vertex for the point.

### 25.6. Line Segments

To dynamically set the line width, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetLineWidth(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        float                                       lineWidth);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `lineWidth` is the width of rasterized line segments.

This command sets the line width for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`lineWidth` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetLineWidth-lineWidth-00788
  If the wide lines feature is not enabled, `lineWidth` must be `1.0`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetLineWidth-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetLineWidth-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetLineWidth-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

Not all line widths need be supported for line segment rasterization, but width 1.0 antialiased segments must be provided. The range and gradations are obtained from the `lineWidthRange` and `lineWidthGranularity` members of VkPhysicalDeviceLimits. If, for instance, the size range is from 0.1 to 2.0 and the gradation size is 0.1, then the sizes 0.1, 0.2, …​, 1.9, 2.0 are supported. Additional line widths may also be supported. There is no requirement that these widths be equally spaced. If an unsupported width is requested, the nearest supported width is used instead.

#### 25.6.1. Basic Line Segment Rasterization

Rasterized line segments produce fragments which intersect a rectangle centered on the line segment. Two of the edges are parallel to the specified line segment; each is at a distance of one-half the current width from that segment in directions perpendicular to the direction of the line. The other two edges pass through the line endpoints and are perpendicular to the direction of the specified line segment. Coverage bits that correspond to sample points that intersect the rectangle are 1, other coverage bits are 0.

Next we specify how the data associated with each rasterized fragment are obtained. Let pr = (xd, yd) be the framebuffer coordinates at which associated data are evaluated. This may be the center of a fragment or the location of a sample within the fragment. When `rasterizationSamples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, the fragment center must be used. Let pa = (xa, ya) and pb = (xb,yb) be initial and final endpoints of the line segment, respectively. Set

t=∥p b​−p a​∥2(p r​−p a​)⋅(p b​−p a​)​

(Note that t = 0 at pa and t = 1 at pb. Also note that this calculation projects the vector from pa to pr onto the line, and thus computes the normalized distance of the fragment along the line.)

The value of an associated datum f for the fragment, whether it be a shader output or the clip w coordinate, must be determined using perspective interpolation:

f=(1−t)/w a​+t/w b​(1−t)f a​/w a​+t f b​/w b​​

where fa and fb are the data associated with the starting and ending endpoints of the segment, respectively; wa and wb are the clip w coordinates of the starting and ending endpoints of the segment, respectively.

Depth values for lines must be determined using linear interpolation:

  z = (1 - t) za + t zb

where za and zb are the depth values of the starting and ending endpoints of the segment, respectively.

The `NoPerspective` and `Flat` interpolation decorations can be used with fragment shader inputs to declare how they are interpolated. When neither decoration is applied, perspective interpolation is performed as described above. When the `NoPerspective` decoration is used, linear interpolation is performed in the same fashion as for depth values, as described above. When the `Flat` decoration is used, no interpolation is performed, and outputs are taken from the corresponding input value of the provoking vertex corresponding to that primitive.

The above description documents the preferred method of line rasterization, and must be used when the implementation advertises the `strictLines` limit in VkPhysicalDeviceLimits as `VK_TRUE`.

When `strictLines` is `VK_FALSE`, the edges of the lines are generated as a parallelogram surrounding the original line. The major axis is chosen by noting the axis in which there is the greatest distance between the line start and end points. If the difference is equal in both directions then the X axis is chosen as the major axis. Edges 2 and 3 are aligned to the minor axis and are centered on the endpoints of the line as in Non strict lines, and each is `lineWidth` long. Edges 0 and 1 are parallel to the line and connect the endpoints of edges 2 and 3. Coverage bits that correspond to sample points that intersect the parallelogram are 1, other coverage bits are 0.

Samples that fall exactly on the edge of the parallelogram follow the polygon rasterization rules.

Interpolation occurs as if the parallelogram was decomposed into two triangles where each pair of vertices at each end of the line has identical attributes.

Figure 15. Non strict lines

Only when `strictLines` is `VK_FALSE` implementations may deviate from the non-strict line algorithm described above in the following ways:

- Implementations may instead interpolate each fragment according to the formula in Basic Line Segment Rasterization using the original line segment endpoints.

- Rasterization of non-antialiased non-strict line segments may be performed using the rules defined in Bresenham Line Segment Rasterization.

#### 25.6.2. Bresenham Line Segment Rasterization

Non-strict lines may also follow these rasterization rules for non-antialiased lines.

Line segment rasterization begins by characterizing the segment as either x-major or y-major. x-major line segments have slope in the closed interval [-1,1]; all other line segments are y-major (slope is determined by the segment’s endpoints). We specify rasterization only for x-major segments except in cases where the modifications for y-major segments are not self-evident.

Ideally, Vulkan uses a diamond-exit rule to determine those fragments that are produced by rasterizing a line segment. For each fragment f with center at framebuffer coordinates xf and yf, define a diamond-shaped region that is the intersection of four half planes:

R f​={(x,y)∣∣x−x f​∣+∣y−y f​∣<2 1​}

Essentially, a line segment starting at pa and ending at pb produces those fragments f for which the segment intersects Rf, except if pb is contained in Rf.

Figure 16. Visualization of Bresenham’s algorithm

To avoid difficulties when an endpoint lies on a boundary of Rf we (in principle) perturb the supplied endpoints by a tiny amount. Let pa and pb have framebuffer coordinates (xa, ya) and (xb, yb), respectively. Obtain the perturbed endpoints pa' given by (xa, ya) - (ε, ε2) and pb' given by (xb, yb) - (ε, ε2). Rasterizing the line segment starting at pa and ending at pb produces those fragments f for which the segment starting at pa' and ending on pb' intersects Rf, except if pb' is contained in Rf. ε is chosen to be so small that rasterizing the line segment produces the same fragments when δ is substituted for ε for any 0 < δ ≤ ε.

When pa and pb lie on fragment centers, this characterization of fragments reduces to Bresenham’s algorithm with one modification: lines produced in this description are "half-open," meaning that the final fragment (corresponding to pb) is not drawn. This means that when rasterizing a series of connected line segments, shared endpoints will be produced only once rather than twice (as would occur with Bresenham’s algorithm).

Implementations may use other line segment rasterization algorithms, subject to the following rules:

- The coordinates of a fragment produced by the algorithm must not deviate by more than one unit in either x or y framebuffer coordinates from a corresponding fragment produced by the diamond-exit rule.

- The total number of fragments produced by the algorithm must not differ from that produced by the diamond-exit rule by no more than one.

- For an x-major line, two fragments that lie in the same framebuffer-coordinate column must not be produced (for a y-major line, two fragments that lie in the same framebuffer-coordinate row must not be produced).

- If two line segments share a common endpoint, and both segments are either x-major (both left-to-right or both right-to-left) or y-major (both bottom-to-top or both top-to-bottom), then rasterizing both segments must not produce duplicate fragments. Fragments also must not be omitted so as to interrupt continuity of the connected segments.

The actual width w of Bresenham lines is determined by rounding the line width to the nearest integer, clamping it to the implementation-dependent `lineWidthRange` (with both values rounded to the nearest integer), then clamping it to be no less than 1.

Bresenham line segments of width other than one are rasterized by offsetting them in the minor direction (for an x-major line, the minor direction is y, and for a y-major line, the minor direction is x) and producing a row or column of fragments in the minor direction. If the line segment has endpoints given by (x0, y0) and (x1, y1) in framebuffer coordinates, the segment with endpoints (x 0​,y 0​−2 w−1​) and (x 1​,y 1​−2 w−1​) is rasterized, but instead of a single fragment, a column of fragments of height w (a row of fragments of length w for a y-major segment) is produced at each x (y for y-major) location. The lowest fragment of this column is the fragment that would be produced by rasterizing the segment of width 1 with the modified coordinates.

The preferred method of attribute interpolation for a wide line is to generate the same attribute values for all fragments in the row or column described above, as if the adjusted line was used for interpolation and those values replicated to the other fragments, except for `FragCoord` which is interpolated as usual. Implementations may instead interpolate each fragment according to the formula in Basic Line Segment Rasterization, using the original line segment endpoints.

When Bresenham lines are being rasterized, sample locations may all be treated as being at the pixel center (this may affect attribute and depth interpolation).

| Note The sample locations described above are not used for determining coverage, they are only used for things like attribute interpolation. The rasterization rules that determine coverage are defined in terms of whether the line intersects pixels, as opposed to the point sampling rules used for other primitive types. So these rules are independent of the sample locations. One consequence of this is that Bresenham lines cover the same pixels regardless of the number of rasterization samples, and cover all samples in those pixels (unless masked out or killed).

### 25.7. Polygons

A polygon results from the decomposition of a triangle strip, triangle fan or a series of independent triangles. Like points and line segments, polygon rasterization is controlled by several variables in the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo structure.

#### 25.7.1. Basic Polygon Rasterization

The first step of polygon rasterization is to determine whether the triangle is back-facing or front-facing. This determination is made based on the sign of the (clipped or unclipped) polygon’s area computed in framebuffer coordinates. One way to compute this area is:

a=−2 1​i=0∑n−1​x f i​y f i⊕1​−x f i⊕1​y f i​

where x f i​ and y f i​ are the x and y framebuffer coordinates of the ith vertex of the n-vertex polygon (vertices are numbered starting at zero for the purposes of this computation) and i ⊕ 1 is (i + 1) mod n.

The interpretation of the sign of a is determined by the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`frontFace` property of the currently active pipeline. Possible values are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkFrontFace {
        VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE = 0,
        VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE = 1,
    } VkFrontFace;

- `VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE` specifies that a triangle with positive area is considered front-facing.

- `VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE` specifies that a triangle with negative area is considered front-facing.

Any triangle which is not front-facing is back-facing, including zero-area triangles.

To dynamically set the front face orientation, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetFrontFace(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkFrontFace                                 frontFace);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `frontFace` is a VkFrontFace value specifying the front-facing triangle orientation to be used for culling.

This command sets the front face orientation for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_FRONT_FACE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`frontFace` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetFrontFace-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetFrontFace-frontFace-parameter
  `frontFace` must be a valid VkFrontFace value

- VUID-vkCmdSetFrontFace-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetFrontFace-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

Once the orientation of triangles is determined, they are culled according to the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`cullMode` property of the currently active pipeline. Possible values are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkCullModeFlagBits {
        VK_CULL_MODE_NONE = 0,
        VK_CULL_MODE_FRONT_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_CULL_MODE_FRONT_AND_BACK = 0x00000003,
    } VkCullModeFlagBits;

- `VK_CULL_MODE_NONE` specifies that no triangles are discarded

- `VK_CULL_MODE_FRONT_BIT` specifies that front-facing triangles are discarded

- `VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT` specifies that back-facing triangles are discarded

- `VK_CULL_MODE_FRONT_AND_BACK` specifies that all triangles are discarded.

Following culling, fragments are produced for any triangles which have not been discarded.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkCullModeFlags;

`VkCullModeFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkCullModeFlagBits.

To dynamically set the cull mode, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetCullMode(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkCullModeFlags                             cullMode);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `cullMode` specifies the cull mode property to use for drawing.

This command sets the cull mode for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_CULL_MODE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`cullMode` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetCullMode-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetCullMode-cullMode-parameter
  `cullMode` must be a valid combination of VkCullModeFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdSetCullMode-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetCullMode-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

The rule for determining which fragments are produced by polygon rasterization is called point sampling. The two-dimensional projection obtained by taking the x and y framebuffer coordinates of the polygon’s vertices is formed. Fragments are produced for any fragment area groups of pixels for which any sample points lie inside of this polygon. Coverage bits that correspond to sample points that satisfy the point sampling criteria are 1, other coverage bits are 0. Special treatment is given to a sample whose sample location lies on a polygon edge. In such a case, if two polygons lie on either side of a common edge (with identical endpoints) on which a sample point lies, then exactly one of the polygons must result in a covered sample for that fragment during rasterization. As for the data associated with each fragment produced by rasterizing a polygon, we begin by specifying how these values are produced for fragments in a triangle.

Barycentric coordinates are a set of three numbers, a, b, and c, each in the range [0,1], with a + b + c = 1. These coordinates uniquely specify any point p within the triangle or on the triangle’s boundary as

  p = a pa + b pb + c pc

where pa, pb, and pc are the vertices of the triangle. a, b, and c are determined by:

a=A(p a​p b​p c​)A(p p b​p c​)​,b=A(p a​p b​p c​)A(p p a​p c​)​,c=A(p a​p b​p c​)A(p p a​p b​)​,

where A(lmn) denotes the area in framebuffer coordinates of the triangle with vertices l, m, and n.

Denote an associated datum at pa, pb, or pc as fa, fb, or fc, respectively.

The value of an associated datum f for a fragment produced by rasterizing a triangle, whether it be a shader output or the clip w coordinate, must be determined using perspective interpolation:

f=a/w a​+b/w b​+c/w c​a f a​/w a​+b f b​/w b​+c f c​/w c​​

where wa, wb, and wc are the clip w coordinates of pa, pb, and pc, respectively. a, b, and c are the barycentric coordinates of the location at which the data are produced - this must be the location of the fragment center or the location of a sample. When `rasterizationSamples` is `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`, the fragment center must be used.

Depth values for triangles must be determined using linear interpolation:

  z = a za + b zb + c zc

where za, zb, and zc are the depth values of pa, pb, and pc, respectively.

The `NoPerspective` and `Flat` interpolation decorations can be used with fragment shader inputs to declare how they are interpolated. When neither decoration is applied, perspective interpolation is performed as described above. When the `NoPerspective` decoration is used, linear interpolation is performed in the same fashion as for depth values, as described above. When the `Flat` decoration is used, no interpolation is performed, and outputs are taken from the corresponding input value of the provoking vertex corresponding to that primitive.

For a polygon with more than three edges, such as are produced by clipping a triangle, a convex combination of the values of the datum at the polygon’s vertices must be used to obtain the value assigned to each fragment produced by the rasterization algorithm. That is, it must be the case that at every fragment

f=i=1∑n​a i​f i​

where n is the number of vertices in the polygon and fi is the value of f at vertex i. For each i, 0 ≤ ai ≤ 1 and ∑i=1 n​a i​=1. The values of ai may differ from fragment to fragment, but at vertex i, ai = 1 and aj = 0 for j ≠ i.

| Note One algorithm that achieves the required behavior is to triangulate a polygon (without adding any vertices) and then treat each triangle individually as already discussed. A scan-line rasterizer that linearly interpolates data along each edge and then linearly interpolates data across each horizontal span from edge to edge also satisfies the restrictions (in this case the numerator and denominator of perspective interpolation are iterated independently, and a division is performed for each fragment).

#### 25.7.2. Polygon Mode

Possible values of the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`polygonMode` property of the currently active pipeline, specifying the method of rasterization for polygons, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkPolygonMode {
        VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL = 0,
        VK_POLYGON_MODE_LINE = 1,
        VK_POLYGON_MODE_POINT = 2,
    } VkPolygonMode;

- `VK_POLYGON_MODE_POINT` specifies that polygon vertices are drawn as points.

- `VK_POLYGON_MODE_LINE` specifies that polygon edges are drawn as line segments.

- `VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL` specifies that polygons are rendered using the polygon rasterization rules in this section.

These modes affect only the final rasterization of polygons: in particular, a polygon’s vertices are shaded and the polygon is clipped and possibly culled before these modes are applied.

#### 25.7.3. Depth Bias

The depth values of all fragments generated by the rasterization of a polygon can be biased (offset) by a single depth bias value o that is computed for that polygon.

##### Depth Bias Enable

The depth bias computation is enabled by the `depthBiasEnable` set with vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable or the corresponding VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`depthBiasEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline. If the depth bias enable is `VK_FALSE`, no bias is applied and the fragment’s depth values are unchanged.

To dynamically enable whether to bias fragment depth values, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    depthBiasEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `depthBiasEnable` controls whether to bias fragment depth values.

This command sets the depth bias enable for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS_ENABLE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`depthBiasEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

##### Depth Bias Computation

The depth bias depends on three parameters:

- `depthBiasSlopeFactor` scales the maximum depth slope m of the polygon

- `depthBiasConstantFactor` scales the minimum resolvable difference r of the depth attachment

- the scaled terms are summed to produce a value which is then clamped to a minimum or maximum value specified by `depthBiasClamp`

`depthBiasSlopeFactor`, `depthBiasConstantFactor`, and `depthBiasClamp` can each be positive, negative, or zero. These parameters are set as described for vkCmdSetDepthBias below.

The maximum depth slope m of a triangle is

m=(∂x f​∂z f​​)2+(∂y f​∂z f​​)2
​

where (xf, yf, zf) is a point on the triangle. m may be approximated as

m=max(∣∣∣∣∣​∂x f​∂z f​​∣∣∣∣∣​,∣∣∣∣∣​∂y f​∂z f​​∣∣∣∣∣​).

The minimum resolvable difference r is a parameter that depends on the depth attachment representation. It is the smallest difference in framebuffer coordinate z values that is guaranteed to remain distinct throughout polygon rasterization and in the depth attachment. All pairs of fragments generated by the rasterization of two polygons with otherwise identical vertices, but `z`f values that differ by r, will have distinct depth values.

For fixed-point depth attachment representations, r is constant throughout the range of the entire depth attachment. Its value is implementation-dependent but must be at most

  r = 2 × 2-n

for an n-bit buffer. For floating-point depth attachment, there is no single minimum resolvable difference. In this case, the minimum resolvable difference for a given polygon is dependent on the maximum exponent, e, in the range of z values spanned by the primitive. If n is the number of bits in the floating-point mantissa, the minimum resolvable difference, r, for the given primitive is defined as

  r = 2e-n

If no depth attachment is present, r is undefined.

The bias value o for a polygon is

o where​=d b c l a m p(m×d e p t h B i a s S l o p e F a c t o r+r×d e p t h B i a s C o n s t a n t F a c t o r)d b c l a m p(x)=⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧​x min(x,d e p t h B i a s C l a m p)max(x,d e p t h B i a s C l a m p)​d e p t h B i a s C l a m p=0 or NaN d e p t h B i a s C l a m p>0 d e p t h B i a s C l a m p<0​​

m is computed as described above. If the depth attachment uses a fixed-point representation, m is a function of depth values in the range [0,1], and o is applied to depth values in the same range.

Depth bias is applied to triangle topology primitives received by the rasterizer regardless of polygon mode. Depth bias may also be applied to line and point topology primitives received by the rasterizer.

To dynamically set the depth bias parameters, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetDepthBias(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        float                                       depthBiasConstantFactor,
        float                                       depthBiasClamp,
        float                                       depthBiasSlopeFactor);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `depthBiasConstantFactor` is a scalar factor controlling the constant depth value added to each fragment.

- `depthBiasClamp` is the maximum (or minimum) depth bias of a fragment.

- `depthBiasSlopeFactor` is a scalar factor applied to a fragment’s slope in depth bias calculations.

This command sets the depth bias parameters for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the corresponding VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`depthBiasConstantFactor`, `depthBiasClamp`, and `depthBiasSlopeFactor` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBias-depthBiasClamp-00790
  If the depth bias clamping feature is not enabled, `depthBiasClamp` must be `0.0`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBias-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBias-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBias-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

## 26. Fragment Operations

Fragments produced by rasterization go through a number of operations to determine whether or how values produced by fragment shading are written to the framebuffer.

The following fragment operations adhere to rasterization order, and are typically performed in this order:

1. Scissor test

2. Sample mask test

3. Certain Fragment shading operations:

   - Sample Mask Accesses

   - Depth Replacement

4. Multisample coverage

5. Depth bounds test

6. Stencil test

7. Depth test

8. Sample counting

9. Coverage reduction

The coverage mask generated by rasterization describes the initial coverage of each sample covered by the fragment. Fragment operations will update the coverage mask to add or subtract coverage where appropriate. If a fragment operation results in all bits of the coverage mask being `0`, the fragment is discarded, and no further operations are performed. Fragments can also be programmatically discarded in a fragment shader by executing one of

- `OpTerminateInvocation`

- `OpDemoteToHelperInvocationEXT`

- `OpKill`.

When one of the fragment operations in this chapter is described as “replacing” a fragment shader output, that output is replaced unconditionally, even if no fragment shader previously wrote to that output.

If the fragment shader declares the `EarlyFragmentTests` execution mode, fragment shading and multisample coverage operations are instead performed after sample counting.

Once all fragment operations have completed, fragment shader outputs for covered color attachment samples pass through framebuffer operations.

### 26.1. Scissor Test

The scissor test compares the framebuffer coordinates (xf,yf) of each sample covered by a fragment against a scissor rectangle at the index equal to the fragment’s `ViewportIndex`.

Each scissor rectangle is defined by a VkRect2D. These values are either set by the VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo structure during pipeline creation, or dynamically by the vkCmdSetScissor command.

A given sample is considered inside a scissor rectangle if xf is in the range [VkRect2D::offset.x, VkRect2D::offset.x + VkRect2D::extent.x), and yf is in the range [VkRect2D::offset.y, VkRect2D::offset.y + VkRect2D::extent.y). Samples with coordinates outside the scissor rectangle at the corresponding `ViewportIndex` will have their coverage set to `0`.

To dynamically set the scissor rectangles, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetScissor(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstScissor,
        uint32_t                                    scissorCount,
        const VkRect2D*                             pScissors);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `firstScissor` is the index of the first scissor whose state is updated by the command.

- `scissorCount` is the number of scissors whose rectangles are updated by the command.

- `pScissors` is a pointer to an array of VkRect2D structures defining scissor rectangles.

The scissor rectangles taken from element i of `pScissors` replace the current state for the scissor index `firstScissor` + i, for i in [0, `scissorCount`).

This command sets the scissor rectangles for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::`pScissors` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-firstScissor-00592
  The sum of `firstScissor` and `scissorCount` must be between `1` and `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`, inclusive

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-firstScissor-00593
  If the multiple viewports feature is not enabled, `firstScissor` must be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-scissorCount-00594
  If the multiple viewports feature is not enabled, `scissorCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-x-00595
  The `x` and `y` members of `offset` member of any element of `pScissors` must be greater than or equal to `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-offset-00596
  Evaluation of (`offset.x` + `extent.width`) must not cause a signed integer addition overflow for any element of `pScissors`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-offset-00597
  Evaluation of (`offset.y` + `extent.height`) must not cause a signed integer addition overflow for any element of `pScissors`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-pScissors-parameter
  `pScissors` must be a valid pointer to an array of `scissorCount` VkRect2D structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissor-scissorCount-arraylength
  `scissorCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

### 26.2. Sample Mask Test

The sample mask test compares the coverage mask for a fragment with the sample mask defined by VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`pSampleMask`.

Each bit of the coverage mask is associated with a sample index as described in the rasterization chapter. If the bit in VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`pSampleMask` which is associated with that same sample index is set to `0`, the coverage mask bit is set to `0`.

### 26.3. Fragment Shading

Fragment shaders are invoked for each fragment, or as helper invocations.

Most operations in the fragment shader are not performed in rasterization order, with exceptions called out in the following sections.

For fragment shaders invoked by fragments, the following rules apply:

- A fragment shader must not be executed if a fragment operation that executes before fragment shading discards the fragment.

- A fragment shader may not be executed if:

  - An implementation determines that another fragment shader, invoked by a subsequent primitive in primitive order, overwrites all results computed by the shader (including writes to storage resources).

  - Any other fragment operation discards the fragment, and the shader does not write to any storage resources.

- Otherwise, at least one fragment shader must be executed.

  - If sample shading is enabled and multiple invocations per fragment are required, additional invocations must be executed as specified.

  - Each covered sample must be included in at least one fragment shader invocation.

| Note Multiple fragment shader invocations may be executed for the same fragment for any number of implementation-dependent reasons. When there is more than one fragment shader invocation per fragment, the association of samples to invocations is implementation-dependent. Stores and atomics performed by these additional invocations have the normal effect. For example, if the subpass includes multiple views in its view mask, a fragment shader may be invoked separately for each view.

#### 26.3.1. Sample Mask

Reading from the `SampleMask` built-in in the `Input` storage class will return the coverage mask for the current fragment as calculated by fragment operations that executed prior to fragment shading.

If sample shading is enabled, fragment shaders will only see values of `1` for samples being shaded - other bits will be `0`.

Each bit of the coverage mask is associated with a sample index as described in the rasterization chapter. If the bit in `SampleMask` which is associated with that same sample index is set to `0`, that coverage mask bit is set to `0`.

Values written to the `SampleMask` built-in in the `Output` storage class will be used by the multisample coverage operation, with the same encoding as the input built-in.

#### 26.3.2. Depth Replacement

Writing to the `FragDepth` built-in will replace the fragment’s calculated depth values for each sample in the input `SampleMask`. Depth testing performed after the fragment shader for this fragment will use this new value as zf.

### 26.4. Multisample Coverage

If a fragment shader is active and its entry point’s interface includes a built-in output variable decorated with `SampleMask`, the coverage mask is `ANDed` with the bits of the `SampleMask` built-in to generate a new coverage mask. If sample shading is enabled, bits written to `SampleMask` corresponding to samples that are not being shaded by the fragment shader invocation are ignored. If no fragment shader is active, or if the active fragment shader does not include `SampleMask` in its interface, the coverage mask is not modified.

Next, the fragment alpha value and coverage mask are modified based on the `alphaToCoverageEnable` and `alphaToOneEnable` members of the VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo structure.

All alpha values in this section refer only to the alpha component of the fragment shader output that has a `Location` and `Index` decoration of zero (see the Fragment Output Interface section). If that shader output has an integer or unsigned integer type, then these operations are skipped.

If `alphaToCoverageEnable` is enabled, a temporary coverage mask is generated where each bit is determined by the fragment’s alpha value, which is ANDed with the fragment coverage mask.

No specific algorithm is specified for converting the alpha value to a temporary coverage mask. It is intended that the number of 1’s in this value be proportional to the alpha value (clamped to [0,1]), with all 1’s corresponding to a value of 1.0 and all 0’s corresponding to 0.0. The algorithm may be different at different framebuffer coordinates.

| Note Using different algorithms at different framebuffer coordinates may help to avoid artifacts caused by regular coverage sample locations.

Finally, if `alphaToOneEnable` is enabled, each alpha value is replaced by the maximum representable alpha value for fixed-point color attachments, or by 1.0 for floating-point attachments. Otherwise, the alpha values are not changed.

### 26.5. Depth and Stencil Operations

Pipeline state controlling the depth bounds tests, stencil test, and depth test is specified through the members of the `VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo` structure.

The `VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                           sType;
        const void*                               pNext;
        VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateFlags    flags;
        VkBool32                                  depthTestEnable;
        VkBool32                                  depthWriteEnable;
        VkCompareOp                               depthCompareOp;
        VkBool32                                  depthBoundsTestEnable;
        VkBool32                                  stencilTestEnable;
        VkStencilOpState                          front;
        VkStencilOpState                          back;
        float                                     minDepthBounds;
        float                                     maxDepthBounds;
    } VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `depthTestEnable` controls whether depth testing is enabled.

- `depthWriteEnable` controls whether depth writes are enabled when `depthTestEnable` is `VK_TRUE`. Depth writes are always disabled when `depthTestEnable` is `VK_FALSE`.

- `depthCompareOp` is the comparison operator used in the depth test.

- `depthBoundsTestEnable` controls whether depth bounds testing is enabled.

- `stencilTestEnable` controls whether stencil testing is enabled.

- `front` and `back` control the parameters of the stencil test.

- `minDepthBounds` is the minimum depth bound used in the depth bounds test.

- `maxDepthBounds` is the maximum depth bound used in the depth bounds test.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo-depthBoundsTestEnable-00598
  If the depth bounds testing feature is not enabled, `depthBoundsTestEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo-depthCompareOp-parameter
  `depthCompareOp` must be a valid VkCompareOp value

- VUID-VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo-front-parameter
  `front` must be a valid VkStencilOpState structure

- VUID-VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo-back-parameter
  `back` must be a valid VkStencilOpState structure

`VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

### 26.6. Depth Bounds Test

The depth bounds test compares the depth value za in the depth/stencil attachment at each sample’s framebuffer coordinates (xf,yf) and sample index i against a set of depth bounds.

The depth bounds are determined by two floating point values defining a minimum (`minDepthBounds`) and maximum (`maxDepthBounds`) depth value. These values are either set by the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo structure during pipeline creation, or dynamically by vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnable and vkCmdSetDepthBounds.

A given sample is considered within the depth bounds if za is in the range [`minDepthBounds`,`maxDepthBounds`]. Samples with depth attachment values outside of the depth bounds will have their coverage set to `0`.

If the depth bounds test is disabled, or if there is no depth attachment, the coverage mask is unmodified by this operation.

To dynamically enable or disable the depth bounds test, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnable(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    depthBoundsTestEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `depthBoundsTestEnable` specifies if the depth bounds test is enabled.

This command sets the depth bounds enable for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS_TEST_ENABLE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`depthBoundsTestEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnable-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnable-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnable-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

To dynamically set the depth bounds range, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetDepthBounds(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        float                                       minDepthBounds,
        float                                       maxDepthBounds);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `minDepthBounds` is the minimum depth bound.

- `maxDepthBounds` is the maximum depth bound.

This command sets the depth bounds range for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`minDepthBounds` and VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`maxDepthBounds` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBounds-minDepthBounds-02508
  `minDepthBounds` must be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBounds-maxDepthBounds-02509
  `maxDepthBounds` must be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBounds-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBounds-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthBounds-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

### 26.7. Stencil Test

The stencil test compares the stencil attachment value sa in the depth/stencil attachment at each sample’s framebuffer coordinates (xf,yf) and sample index i against a stencil reference value.

If the stencil test is not enabled, as specified by vkCmdSetStencilTestEnable or VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`stencilTestEnable`, or if there is no stencil attachment, the coverage mask is unmodified by this operation.

The stencil test is controlled by one of two sets of stencil-related state, the front stencil state and the back stencil state. Stencil tests and writes use the back stencil state when processing fragments generated by back-facing polygons, and the front stencil state when processing fragments generated by front-facing polygons or any other primitives.

The comparison performed is based on the VkCompareOp, compare mask sc , and stencil reference value sr of the relevant state set. The compare mask and stencil reference value are set by either the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo structure during pipeline creation, or by the vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask and vkCmdSetStencilReference commands respectively. The compare operation is set by VkStencilOpState::`compareOp` during pipeline creation.

The stencil reference and attachment values sr and sa are each independently combined with the compare mask sc using a logical `AND` operation to create masked reference and attachment values s'r and s'a. s'r and s'a are used as A and B, respectively, in the operation specified by VkCompareOp.

If the comparison evaluates to false, the coverage for the sample is set to `0`.

A new stencil value sg is generated according to a stencil operation defined by VkStencilOp parameters set by vkCmdSetStencilOp or VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo. If the stencil test fails, `failOp` defines the stencil operation used. If the stencil test passes however, the stencil op used is based on the depth test - if it passes, VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`passOp` is used, otherwise VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`depthFailOp` is used.

The stencil attachment value sa is then updated with the generated stencil value sg according to the write mask sw defined by VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`writeMask` as:

  sa = (sa & ¬sw) | (sg & sw)

To dynamically enable or disable the stencil test, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetStencilTestEnable(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    stencilTestEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `stencilTestEnable` specifies if the stencil test is enabled.

This command sets the stencil test enable for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_TEST_ENABLE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`stencilTestEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilTestEnable-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilTestEnable-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilTestEnable-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

To dynamically set the stencil operation, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetStencilOp(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkStencilFaceFlags                          faceMask,
        VkStencilOp                                 failOp,
        VkStencilOp                                 passOp,
        VkStencilOp                                 depthFailOp,
        VkCompareOp                                 compareOp);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `faceMask` is a bitmask of VkStencilFaceFlagBits specifying the set of stencil state for which to update the stencil operation.

- `failOp` is a VkStencilOp value specifying the action performed on samples that fail the stencil test.

- `passOp` is a VkStencilOp value specifying the action performed on samples that pass both the depth and stencil tests.

- `depthFailOp` is a VkStencilOp value specifying the action performed on samples that pass the stencil test and fail the depth test.

- `compareOp` is a VkCompareOp value specifying the comparison operator used in the stencil test.

This command sets the stencil operation for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_OP` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the corresponding `VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo`::`failOp`, `passOp`, `depthFailOp`, and `compareOp` values used to create the currently active pipeline, for both front and back faces.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilOp-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilOp-faceMask-parameter
  `faceMask` must be a valid combination of VkStencilFaceFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilOp-faceMask-requiredbitmask
  `faceMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilOp-failOp-parameter
  `failOp` must be a valid VkStencilOp value

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilOp-passOp-parameter
  `passOp` must be a valid VkStencilOp value

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilOp-depthFailOp-parameter
  `depthFailOp` must be a valid VkStencilOp value

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilOp-compareOp-parameter
  `compareOp` must be a valid VkCompareOp value

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilOp-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilOp-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

The `VkStencilOpState` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkStencilOpState {
        VkStencilOp    failOp;
        VkStencilOp    passOp;
        VkStencilOp    depthFailOp;
        VkCompareOp    compareOp;
        uint32_t       compareMask;
        uint32_t       writeMask;
        uint32_t       reference;
    } VkStencilOpState;

- `failOp` is a VkStencilOp value specifying the action performed on samples that fail the stencil test.

- `passOp` is a VkStencilOp value specifying the action performed on samples that pass both the depth and stencil tests.

- `depthFailOp` is a VkStencilOp value specifying the action performed on samples that pass the stencil test and fail the depth test.

- `compareOp` is a VkCompareOp value specifying the comparison operator used in the stencil test.

- `compareMask` selects the bits of the unsigned integer stencil values participating in the stencil test.

- `writeMask` selects the bits of the unsigned integer stencil values updated by the stencil test in the stencil framebuffer attachment.

- `reference` is an integer reference value that is used in the unsigned stencil comparison.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkStencilOpState-failOp-parameter
  `failOp` must be a valid VkStencilOp value

- VUID-VkStencilOpState-passOp-parameter
  `passOp` must be a valid VkStencilOp value

- VUID-VkStencilOpState-depthFailOp-parameter
  `depthFailOp` must be a valid VkStencilOp value

- VUID-VkStencilOpState-compareOp-parameter
  `compareOp` must be a valid VkCompareOp value

To dynamically set the stencil compare mask, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkStencilFaceFlags                          faceMask,
        uint32_t                                    compareMask);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `faceMask` is a bitmask of VkStencilFaceFlagBits specifying the set of stencil state for which to update the compare mask.

- `compareMask` is the new value to use as the stencil compare mask.

This command sets the stencil compare mask for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_COMPARE_MASK` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`compareMask` value used to create the currently active pipeline, for both front and back faces.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask-faceMask-parameter
  `faceMask` must be a valid combination of VkStencilFaceFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask-faceMask-requiredbitmask
  `faceMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

`VkStencilFaceFlagBits` values are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkStencilFaceFlagBits {
        VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_STENCIL_FACE_BACK_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_AND_BACK = 0x00000003,
        VK_STENCIL_FRONT_AND_BACK = VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_AND_BACK,
    } VkStencilFaceFlagBits;

- `VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_BIT` specifies that only the front set of stencil state is updated.

- `VK_STENCIL_FACE_BACK_BIT` specifies that only the back set of stencil state is updated.

- `VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_AND_BACK` is the combination of `VK_STENCIL_FACE_FRONT_BIT` and `VK_STENCIL_FACE_BACK_BIT`, and specifies that both sets of stencil state are updated.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkStencilFaceFlags;

`VkStencilFaceFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkStencilFaceFlagBits.

To dynamically set the stencil write mask, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkStencilFaceFlags                          faceMask,
        uint32_t                                    writeMask);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `faceMask` is a bitmask of VkStencilFaceFlagBits specifying the set of stencil state for which to update the write mask, as described above for vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask.

- `writeMask` is the new value to use as the stencil write mask.

This command sets the stencil write mask for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_WRITE_MASK` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`writeMask` value used to create the currently active pipeline, for both front and back faces.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask-faceMask-parameter
  `faceMask` must be a valid combination of VkStencilFaceFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask-faceMask-requiredbitmask
  `faceMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

To dynamically set the stencil reference value, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetStencilReference(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkStencilFaceFlags                          faceMask,
        uint32_t                                    reference);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `faceMask` is a bitmask of VkStencilFaceFlagBits specifying the set of stencil state for which to update the reference value, as described above for vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask.

- `reference` is the new value to use as the stencil reference value.

This command sets the stencil reference value for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_REFERENCE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`reference` value used to create the currently active pipeline, for both front and back faces.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilReference-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilReference-faceMask-parameter
  `faceMask` must be a valid combination of VkStencilFaceFlagBits values

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilReference-faceMask-requiredbitmask
  `faceMask` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilReference-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetStencilReference-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

Possible values of VkStencilOpState::`compareOp`, specifying the stencil comparison function, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkCompareOp {
        VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER = 0,
        VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS = 1,
        VK_COMPARE_OP_EQUAL = 2,
        VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL = 3,
        VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER = 4,
        VK_COMPARE_OP_NOT_EQUAL = 5,
        VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER_OR_EQUAL = 6,
        VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS = 7,
    } VkCompareOp;

- `VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER` specifies that the test evaluates to false.

- `VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS` specifies that the test evaluates A < B.

- `VK_COMPARE_OP_EQUAL` specifies that the test evaluates A = B.

- `VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL` specifies that the test evaluates A ≤ B.

- `VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER` specifies that the test evaluates A > B.

- `VK_COMPARE_OP_NOT_EQUAL` specifies that the test evaluates A ≠ B.

- `VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER_OR_EQUAL` specifies that the test evaluates A ≥ B.

- `VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS` specifies that the test evaluates to true.

Possible values of the `failOp`, `passOp`, and `depthFailOp` members of VkStencilOpState, specifying what happens to the stored stencil value if this or certain subsequent tests fail or pass, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkStencilOp {
        VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP = 0,
        VK_STENCIL_OP_ZERO = 1,
        VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE = 2,
        VK_STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_CLAMP = 3,
        VK_STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_CLAMP = 4,
        VK_STENCIL_OP_INVERT = 5,
        VK_STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_WRAP = 6,
        VK_STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_WRAP = 7,
    } VkStencilOp;

- `VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP` keeps the current value.

- `VK_STENCIL_OP_ZERO` sets the value to 0.

- `VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE` sets the value to `reference`.

- `VK_STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_CLAMP` increments the current value and clamps to the maximum representable unsigned value.

- `VK_STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_CLAMP` decrements the current value and clamps to 0.

- `VK_STENCIL_OP_INVERT` bitwise-inverts the current value.

- `VK_STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_WRAP` increments the current value and wraps to 0 when the maximum value would have been exceeded.

- `VK_STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_WRAP` decrements the current value and wraps to the maximum possible value when the value would go below 0.

For purposes of increment and decrement, the stencil bits are considered as an unsigned integer.

### 26.8. Depth Test

The depth test compares the depth value za in the depth/stencil attachment at each sample’s framebuffer coordinates (xf,yf) and sample index i against the sample’s depth value zf. If there is no depth attachment then the depth test is skipped.

The depth test occurs in three stages, as detailed in the following sections.

#### 26.8.1. Depth Clamping and Range Adjustment

If VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`depthClampEnable` is enabled, before the sample’s zf is compared to za, zf is clamped to [min(n,f),max(n,f)], where n and f are the `minDepth` and `maxDepth` depth range values of the viewport used by this fragment, respectively.

If depth clamping is not enabled and zf is not in the range [0, 1] then zf is undefined following this step.

#### 26.8.2. Depth Comparison

If the depth test is not enabled, as specified by vkCmdSetDepthTestEnable or VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`depthTestEnable`, then this step is skipped.

The comparison performed is based on the VkCompareOp, set by vkCmdSetDepthCompareOp or VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`depthCompareOp` during pipeline creation. zf and za are used as A and B, respectively, in the operation specified by the VkCompareOp.

If the comparison evaluates to false, the coverage for the sample is set to `0`.

#### 26.8.3. Depth Attachment Writes

If depth writes are enabled, as specified by vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnable or VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`depthWriteEnable`, and the comparison evaluated to true, the depth attachment value za is set to the sample’s depth value zf. If there is no depth attachment, no value is written.

To dynamically enable or disable the depth test, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetDepthTestEnable(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    depthTestEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `depthTestEnable` specifies if the depth test is enabled.

This command sets the depth test enable for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_TEST_ENABLE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`depthTestEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthTestEnable-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthTestEnable-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthTestEnable-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

To dynamically set the depth compare operator, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetDepthCompareOp(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkCompareOp                                 depthCompareOp);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `depthCompareOp` specifies the depth comparison operator.

This command sets the depth comparison operator for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_COMPARE_OP` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`depthCompareOp` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthCompareOp-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthCompareOp-depthCompareOp-parameter
  `depthCompareOp` must be a valid VkCompareOp value

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthCompareOp-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthCompareOp-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

To dynamically set the depth write enable, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnable(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    depthWriteEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `depthWriteEnable` specifies if depth writes are enabled.

This command sets the depth write enable for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_WRITE_ENABLE` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo::`depthWriteEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnable-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnable-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnable-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

### 26.9. Sample Counting

Occlusion queries use query pool entries to track the number of samples that pass all the per-fragment tests. The mechanism of collecting an occlusion query value is described in Occlusion Queries.

The occlusion query sample counter increments by one for each sample with a coverage value of 1 in each fragment that survives all the per-fragment tests, including scissor, sample mask, alpha to coverage, stencil, and depth tests.

### 26.10. Coverage Reduction

Coverage reduction takes the coverage information for a fragment and converts that to a boolean coverage value for each color sample in each pixel covered by the fragment.

#### 26.10.1. Pixel Coverage

Coverage for each pixel is first extracted from the total fragment coverage mask. This consists of `rasterizationSamples` unique coverage samples for each pixel in the fragment area, each with a unique sample index. If the fragment only contains a single pixel, coverage for the pixel is equivalent to the fragment coverage.

#### 26.10.2. Color Sample Coverage

Once pixel coverage is determined, coverage for each individual color sample corresponding to that pixel is determined.

The number of `rasterizationSamples` is identical to the number of samples in the color attachments. A color sample is covered if the pixel coverage sample with the same sample index i is covered.

## 27. The Framebuffer

### 27.1. Blending

Blending combines the incoming source fragment’s R, G, B, and A values with the destination R, G, B, and A values of each sample stored in the framebuffer at the fragment’s (xf,yf) location. Blending is performed for each color sample covered by the fragment, rather than just once for each fragment.

Source and destination values are combined according to the blend operation, quadruplets of source and destination weighting factors determined by the blend factors, and a blend constant, to obtain a new set of R, G, B, and A values, as described below.

Blending is computed and applied separately to each color attachment used by the subpass, with separate controls for each attachment.

Prior to performing the blend operation, signed and unsigned normalized fixed-point color components undergo an implied conversion to floating-point as specified by Conversion from Normalized Fixed-Point to Floating-Point. Blending computations are treated as if carried out in floating-point, and basic blend operations are performed with a precision and dynamic range no lower than that used to represent destination components.

| Note Blending is only defined for floating-point, UNORM, SNORM, and sRGB formats. Within those formats, the implementation may only support blending on some subset of them. Which formats support blending is indicated by `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`.

The pipeline blend state is included in the `VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo` structure during graphics pipeline creation:

The `VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                               sType;
        const void*                                   pNext;
        VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlags          flags;
        VkBool32                                      logicOpEnable;
        VkLogicOp                                     logicOp;
        uint32_t                                      attachmentCount;
        const VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState*    pAttachments;
        float                                         blendConstants[4];
    } VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `logicOpEnable` controls whether to apply Logical Operations.

- `logicOp` selects which logical operation to apply.

- `attachmentCount` is the number of VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState elements in `pAttachments`.

- `pAttachments` is a pointer to an array of VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState structures defining blend state for each color attachment.

- `blendConstants` is a pointer to an array of four values used as the R, G, B, and A components of the blend constant that are used in blending, depending on the blend factor.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-pAttachments-00605
  If the independent blending feature is not enabled, all elements of `pAttachments` must be identical

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-logicOpEnable-00606
  If the logic operations feature is not enabled, `logicOpEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-logicOpEnable-00607
  If `logicOpEnable` is `VK_TRUE`, `logicOp` must be a valid VkLogicOp value

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo-pAttachments-parameter
  If `attachmentCount` is not `0`, `pAttachments` must be a valid pointer to an array of `attachmentCount` valid VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState structures

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The `VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState {
        VkBool32                 blendEnable;
        VkBlendFactor            srcColorBlendFactor;
        VkBlendFactor            dstColorBlendFactor;
        VkBlendOp                colorBlendOp;
        VkBlendFactor            srcAlphaBlendFactor;
        VkBlendFactor            dstAlphaBlendFactor;
        VkBlendOp                alphaBlendOp;
        VkColorComponentFlags    colorWriteMask;
    } VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState;

- `blendEnable` controls whether blending is enabled for the corresponding color attachment. If blending is not enabled, the source fragment’s color for that attachment is passed through unmodified.

- `srcColorBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the source factors (Sr,Sg,Sb).

- `dstColorBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the destination factors (Dr,Dg,Db).

- `colorBlendOp` selects which blend operation is used to calculate the RGB values to write to the color attachment.

- `srcAlphaBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the source factor Sa.

- `dstAlphaBlendFactor` selects which blend factor is used to determine the destination factor Da.

- `alphaBlendOp` selects which blend operation is use to calculate the alpha values to write to the color attachment.

- `colorWriteMask` is a bitmask of VkColorComponentFlagBits specifying which of the R, G, B, and/or A components are enabled for writing, as described for the Color Write Mask.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-srcColorBlendFactor-00608
  If the dual source blending feature is not enabled, `srcColorBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-dstColorBlendFactor-00609
  If the dual source blending feature is not enabled, `dstColorBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-srcAlphaBlendFactor-00610
  If the dual source blending feature is not enabled, `srcAlphaBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-dstAlphaBlendFactor-00611
  If the dual source blending feature is not enabled, `dstAlphaBlendFactor` must not be `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, or `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-srcColorBlendFactor-parameter
  `srcColorBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-dstColorBlendFactor-parameter
  `dstColorBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-colorBlendOp-parameter
  `colorBlendOp` must be a valid VkBlendOp value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-srcAlphaBlendFactor-parameter
  `srcAlphaBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-dstAlphaBlendFactor-parameter
  `dstAlphaBlendFactor` must be a valid VkBlendFactor value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-alphaBlendOp-parameter
  `alphaBlendOp` must be a valid VkBlendOp value

- VUID-VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState-colorWriteMask-parameter
  `colorWriteMask` must be a valid combination of VkColorComponentFlagBits values

#### 27.1.1. Blend Factors

The source and destination color and alpha blending factors are selected from the enum:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkBlendFactor {
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO = 0,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE = 1,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_COLOR = 2,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR = 3,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_COLOR = 4,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR = 5,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA = 6,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA = 7,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_ALPHA = 8,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA = 9,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_COLOR = 10,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR = 11,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA = 12,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA = 13,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE = 14,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR = 15,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR = 16,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA = 17,
        VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA = 18,
    } VkBlendFactor;

The semantics of the enum values are described in the table below:

Table 24. Blend Factors
VkBlendFactor | RGB Blend Factors (Sr,Sg,Sb) or (Dr,Dg,Db) | Alpha Blend Factor (Sa or Da)
--- | --- | ---
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO` | (0,0,0) | 0
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE` | (1,1,1) | 1
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_COLOR` | (Rs0,Gs0,Bs0) | As0
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR` | (1-Rs0,1-Gs0,1-Bs0) | 1-As0
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_COLOR` | (Rd,Gd,Bd) | Ad
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR` | (1-Rd,1-Gd,1-Bd) | 1-Ad
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA` | (As0,As0,As0) | As0
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA` | (1-As0,1-As0,1-As0) | 1-As0
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_ALPHA` | (Ad,Ad,Ad) | Ad
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA` | (1-Ad,1-Ad,1-Ad) | 1-Ad
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_COLOR` | (Rc,Gc,Bc) | Ac
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR` | (1-Rc,1-Gc,1-Bc) | 1-Ac
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA` | (Ac,Ac,Ac) | Ac
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA` | (1-Ac,1-Ac,1-Ac) | 1-Ac
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE` | (f,f,f); f = min(As0,1-Ad) | 1
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR` | (Rs1,Gs1,Bs1) | As1
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR` | (1-Rs1,1-Gs1,1-Bs1) | 1-As1
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA` | (As1,As1,As1) | As1
`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA` | (1-As1,1-As1,1-As1) | 1-As1

In this table, the following conventions are used:

- Rs0,Gs0,Bs0 and As0 represent the first source color R, G, B, and A components, respectively, for the fragment output location corresponding to the color attachment being blended.

- Rs1,Gs1,Bs1 and As1 represent the second source color R, G, B, and A components, respectively, used in dual source blending modes, for the fragment output location corresponding to the color attachment being blended.

- Rd,Gd,Bd and Ad represent the R, G, B, and A components of the destination color. That is, the color currently in the corresponding color attachment for this fragment/sample.

- Rc,Gc,Bc and Ac represent the blend constant R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

To dynamically set and change the blend constants, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetBlendConstants(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        const float                                 blendConstants[4]);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `blendConstants` is a pointer to an array of four values specifying the Rc, Gc, Bc, and Ac components of the blend constant color used in blending, depending on the blend factor.

This command sets blend constants for subsequent drawing commands when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_BLEND_CONSTANTS` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo::`blendConstants` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetBlendConstants-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetBlendConstants-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetBlendConstants-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Graphics

#### 27.1.2. Dual-Source Blending

Blend factors that use the secondary color input (Rs1,Gs1,Bs1,As1) (`VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, and `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA`) may consume implementation resources that could otherwise be used for rendering to multiple color attachments. Therefore, the number of color attachments that can be used in a framebuffer may be lower when using dual-source blending.

Dual-source blending is only supported if the `dualSrcBlend` feature is enabled.

The maximum number of color attachments that can be used in a subpass when using dual-source blending functions is implementation-dependent and is reported as the `maxFragmentDualSrcAttachments` member of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`.

When using a fragment shader with dual-source blending functions, the color outputs are bound to the first and second inputs of the blender using the `Index` decoration, as described in Fragment Output Interface. If the second color input to the blender is not written in the shader, or if no output is bound to the second input of a blender, the result of the blending operation is not defined.

#### 27.1.3. Blend Operations

Once the source and destination blend factors have been selected, they along with the source and destination components are passed to the blending operations. RGB and alpha components can use different operations. Possible values of VkBlendOp, specifying the operations, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkBlendOp {
        VK_BLEND_OP_ADD = 0,
        VK_BLEND_OP_SUBTRACT = 1,
        VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT = 2,
        VK_BLEND_OP_MIN = 3,
        VK_BLEND_OP_MAX = 4,
    } VkBlendOp;

The semantics of the basic blend operations are described in the table below:

Table 25. Basic Blend Operations
VkBlendOp | RGB Components | Alpha Component
--- | --- | ---
`VK_BLEND_OP_ADD` | R = Rs0 × Sr + Rd × Dr G = Gs0 × Sg + Gd × Dg B = Bs0 × Sb + Bd × Db | A = As0 × Sa + Ad × Da
`VK_BLEND_OP_SUBTRACT` | R = Rs0 × Sr - Rd × Dr G = Gs0 × Sg - Gd × Dg B = Bs0 × Sb - Bd × Db | A = As0 × Sa - Ad × Da
`VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT` | R = Rd × Dr - Rs0 × Sr G = Gd × Dg - Gs0 × Sg B = Bd × Db - Bs0 × Sb | A = Ad × Da - As0 × Sa
`VK_BLEND_OP_MIN` | R = min(Rs0,Rd) G = min(Gs0,Gd) B = min(Bs0,Bd) | A = min(As0,Ad)
`VK_BLEND_OP_MAX` | R = max(Rs0,Rd) G = max(Gs0,Gd) B = max(Bs0,Bd) | A = max(As0,Ad)

In this table, the following conventions are used:

- Rs0, Gs0, Bs0 and As0 represent the first source color R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

- Rd, Gd, Bd and Ad represent the R, G, B, and A components of the destination color. That is, the color currently in the corresponding color attachment for this fragment/sample.

- Sr, Sg, Sb and Sa represent the source blend factor R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

- Dr, Dg, Db and Da represent the destination blend factor R, G, B, and A components, respectively.

The blending operation produces a new set of values R, G, B and A, which are written to the framebuffer attachment. If blending is not enabled for this attachment, then R, G, B and A are assigned Rs0, Gs0, Bs0 and As0, respectively.

If the color attachment is fixed-point, the components of the source and destination values and blend factors are each clamped to [0,1] or [-1,1] respectively for an unsigned normalized or signed normalized color attachment prior to evaluating the blend operations. If the color attachment is floating-point, no clamping occurs.

If the numeric format of a framebuffer attachment uses sRGB encoding, the R, G, and B destination color values (after conversion from fixed-point to floating-point) are considered to be encoded for the sRGB color space and hence are linearized prior to their use in blending. Each R, G, and B component is converted from nonlinear to linear as described in the “sRGB EOTF” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification. If the format is not sRGB, no linearization is performed.

If the numeric format of a framebuffer attachment uses sRGB encoding, then the final R, G and B values are converted into the nonlinear sRGB representation before being written to the framebuffer attachment as described in the “sRGB EOTF -1” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

If the numeric format of a framebuffer color attachment is not sRGB encoded then the resulting cs values for R, G and B are unmodified. The value of A is never sRGB encoded. That is, the alpha component is always stored in memory as linear.

If the framebuffer color attachment is `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`, no writes are performed through that attachment. Writes are not performed to framebuffer color attachments greater than or equal to the `VkSubpassDescription`::`colorAttachmentCount` or `VkSubpassDescription2`::`colorAttachmentCount` value.

### 27.2. Logical Operations

The application can enable a logical operation between the fragment’s color values and the existing value in the framebuffer attachment. This logical operation is applied prior to updating the framebuffer attachment. Logical operations are applied only for signed and unsigned integer and normalized integer framebuffers. Logical operations are not applied to floating-point or sRGB format color attachments.

Logical operations are controlled by the `logicOpEnable` and `logicOp` members of VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo. If `logicOpEnable` is `VK_TRUE`, then a logical operation selected by `logicOp` is applied between each color attachment and the fragment’s corresponding output value, and blending of all attachments is treated as if it were disabled. Any attachments using color formats for which logical operations are not supported simply pass through the color values unmodified. The logical operation is applied independently for each of the red, green, blue, and alpha components. The `logicOp` is selected from the following operations:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkLogicOp {
        VK_LOGIC_OP_CLEAR = 0,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_AND = 1,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_REVERSE = 2,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY = 3,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_INVERTED = 4,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_NO_OP = 5,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_XOR = 6,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_OR = 7,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_NOR = 8,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_EQUIVALENT = 9,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_INVERT = 10,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_REVERSE = 11,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY_INVERTED = 12,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_INVERTED = 13,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_NAND = 14,
        VK_LOGIC_OP_SET = 15,
    } VkLogicOp;

The logical operations supported by Vulkan are summarized in the following table in which

- ¬ is bitwise invert,

- ∧ is bitwise and,

- ∨ is bitwise or,

- ⊕ is bitwise exclusive or,

- s is the fragment’s Rs0, Gs0, Bs0 or As0 component value for the fragment output corresponding to the color attachment being updated, and

- d is the color attachment’s R, G, B or A component value:

Table 26. Logical Operations
Mode | Operation
--- | ---
`VK_LOGIC_OP_CLEAR` | 0
`VK_LOGIC_OP_AND` | s ∧ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_REVERSE` | s ∧ ¬ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY` | s
`VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_INVERTED` | ¬ s ∧ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_NO_OP` | d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_XOR` | s ⊕ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_OR` | s ∨ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_NOR` | ¬ (s ∨ d)
`VK_LOGIC_OP_EQUIVALENT` | ¬ (s ⊕ d)
`VK_LOGIC_OP_INVERT` | ¬ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_REVERSE` | s ∨ ¬ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY_INVERTED` | ¬ s
`VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_INVERTED` | ¬ s ∨ d
`VK_LOGIC_OP_NAND` | ¬ (s ∧ d)
`VK_LOGIC_OP_SET` | all 1s

The result of the logical operation is then written to the color attachment as controlled by the component write mask, described in Blend Operations.

### 27.3. Color Write Mask

Bits which can be set in VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::`colorWriteMask`, determining whether the final color values R, G, B and A are written to the framebuffer attachment, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkColorComponentFlagBits {
        VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT = 0x00000008,
    } VkColorComponentFlagBits;

- `VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT` specifies that the R value is written to the color attachment for the appropriate sample. Otherwise, the value in memory is unmodified.

- `VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT` specifies that the G value is written to the color attachment for the appropriate sample. Otherwise, the value in memory is unmodified.

- `VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT` specifies that the B value is written to the color attachment for the appropriate sample. Otherwise, the value in memory is unmodified.

- `VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT` specifies that the A value is written to the color attachment for the appropriate sample. Otherwise, the value in memory is unmodified.

The color write mask operation is applied regardless of whether blending is enabled.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkColorComponentFlags;

`VkColorComponentFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkColorComponentFlagBits.

## 28. Dispatching Commands

Dispatching commands (commands with `Dispatch` in the name) provoke work in a compute pipeline. Dispatching commands are recorded into a command buffer and when executed by a queue, will produce work which executes according to the bound compute pipeline. A compute pipeline must be bound to a command buffer before any dispatching commands are recorded in that command buffer.

To record a dispatch, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdDispatch(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    groupCountX,
        uint32_t                                    groupCountY,
        uint32_t                                    groupCountZ);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `groupCountX` is the number of local workgroups to dispatch in the X dimension.

- `groupCountY` is the number of local workgroups to dispatch in the Y dimension.

- `groupCountZ` is the number of local workgroups to dispatch in the Z dimension.

When the command is executed, a global workgroup consisting of `groupCountX` × `groupCountY` × `groupCountZ` local workgroups is assembled.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-02691
  If a `VkImageView` is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-OpTypeImage-06423
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being written as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-OpTypeImage-06424
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being read as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-02697
  For each set n that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for set n, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-maintenance4-06425
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for push constants, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-02699
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets`, must be valid if they are statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-02700
  A valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-commandBuffer-02701
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command requires any dynamic state, that state must have been set or inherited (if the ``VK_NV_inherited_viewport_scissor`` extension is enabled) for `commandBuffer`, and done so after any previously bound pipeline with the corresponding state not specified as dynamic

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-02859
  There must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state not specified as dynamic in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-02702
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any `VkImage` with a `VkImageView` of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-02703
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-02704
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-02705
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-02706
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-06550
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-ConstOffset-06551
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-None-04115
  If a VkImageView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-commandBuffer-02712
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource written to by the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be an unprotected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-commandBuffer-02713
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, pipeline stages other than the framebuffer-space and compute stages in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not write to any resource

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-commandBuffer-04617
  If any of the shader stages of the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command uses the RayQueryKHR capability, then `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-groupCountX-00386
  `groupCountX` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[0]

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-groupCountY-00387
  `groupCountY` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[1]

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-groupCountZ-00388
  `groupCountZ` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[2]

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdDispatch-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Compute

To record an indirect dispatching command, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdDispatchIndirect(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBuffer                                    buffer,
        VkDeviceSize                                offset);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `buffer` is the buffer containing dispatch parameters.

- `offset` is the byte offset into `buffer` where parameters begin.

`vkCmdDispatchIndirect` behaves similarly to vkCmdDispatch except that the parameters are read by the device from a buffer during execution. The parameters of the dispatch are encoded in a VkDispatchIndirectCommand structure taken from `buffer` starting at `offset`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-02691
  If a `VkImageView` is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-OpTypeImage-06423
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being written as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-OpTypeImage-06424
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being read as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-02697
  For each set n that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for set n, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-maintenance4-06425
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for push constants, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-02699
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets`, must be valid if they are statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-02700
  A valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-commandBuffer-02701
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command requires any dynamic state, that state must have been set or inherited (if the ``VK_NV_inherited_viewport_scissor`` extension is enabled) for `commandBuffer`, and done so after any previously bound pipeline with the corresponding state not specified as dynamic

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-02859
  There must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state not specified as dynamic in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-02702
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any `VkImage` with a `VkImageView` of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-02703
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-02704
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-02705
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-02706
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-06550
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-ConstOffset-06551
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-None-04115
  If a VkImageView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-buffer-02708
  If `buffer` is non-sparse then it must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-buffer-02709
  `buffer` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT` bit set

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-offset-02710
  `offset` must be a multiple of `4`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-commandBuffer-02711
  `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-offset-00407
  The sum of `offset` and the size of `VkDispatchIndirectCommand` must be less than or equal to the size of `buffer`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchIndirect-commonparent
  Both of `buffer`, and `commandBuffer` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Compute

The `VkDispatchIndirectCommand` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkDispatchIndirectCommand {
        uint32_t    x;
        uint32_t    y;
        uint32_t    z;
    } VkDispatchIndirectCommand;

- `x` is the number of local workgroups to dispatch in the X dimension.

- `y` is the number of local workgroups to dispatch in the Y dimension.

- `z` is the number of local workgroups to dispatch in the Z dimension.

The members of `VkDispatchIndirectCommand` have the same meaning as the corresponding parameters of vkCmdDispatch.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDispatchIndirectCommand-x-00417
  `x` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[0]

- VUID-VkDispatchIndirectCommand-y-00418
  `y` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[1]

- VUID-VkDispatchIndirectCommand-z-00419
  `z` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[2]

To record a dispatch using non-zero base values for the components of `WorkgroupId`, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkCmdDispatchBase(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    baseGroupX,
        uint32_t                                    baseGroupY,
        uint32_t                                    baseGroupZ,
        uint32_t                                    groupCountX,
        uint32_t                                    groupCountY,
        uint32_t                                    groupCountZ);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `baseGroupX` is the start value for the X component of `WorkgroupId`.

- `baseGroupY` is the start value for the Y component of `WorkgroupId`.

- `baseGroupZ` is the start value for the Z component of `WorkgroupId`.

- `groupCountX` is the number of local workgroups to dispatch in the X dimension.

- `groupCountY` is the number of local workgroups to dispatch in the Y dimension.

- `groupCountZ` is the number of local workgroups to dispatch in the Z dimension.

When the command is executed, a global workgroup consisting of `groupCountX` × `groupCountY` × `groupCountZ` local workgroups is assembled, with `WorkgroupId` values ranging from [`baseGroup*`, `baseGroup*` + `groupCount*`) in each component. vkCmdDispatch is equivalent to `vkCmdDispatchBase(0,0,0,groupCountX,groupCountY,groupCountZ)`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-magFilter-04553
  If a VkSampler created with `magFilter` or `minFilter` equal to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-mipmapMode-04770
  If a VkSampler created with `mipmapMode` equal to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR` and `compareEnable` equal to `VK_FALSE` is used to sample a VkImageView as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-06479
  If a VkImageView is sampled with depth comparison, the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-02691
  If a `VkImageView` is accessed using atomic operations as a result of this command, then the image view’s format features must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-OpTypeImage-06423
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being written as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-OpTypeImage-06424
  Any VkImageView or VkBufferView being read as a storage image or storage texel buffer where the image format field of the `OpTypeImage` is `Unknown` then the view’s format feature must contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-02697
  For each set n that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a descriptor set must have been bound to n at the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for set n, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-maintenance4-06425
  If the `maintenance4` feature is not enabled, then for each push constant that is statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, a push constant value must have been set for the same pipeline bind point, with a `VkPipelineLayout` that is compatible for push constants, with the `VkPipelineLayout` used to create the current `VkPipeline`, as described in Pipeline Layout Compatibility

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-02699
  Descriptors in each bound descriptor set, specified via `vkCmdBindDescriptorSets`, must be valid if they are statically used by the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-02700
  A valid pipeline must be bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-commandBuffer-02701
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command requires any dynamic state, that state must have been set or inherited (if the ``VK_NV_inherited_viewport_scissor`` extension is enabled) for `commandBuffer`, and done so after any previously bound pipeline with the corresponding state not specified as dynamic

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-02859
  There must not have been any calls to dynamic state setting commands for any state not specified as dynamic in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command, since that pipeline was bound

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-02702
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used to sample from any `VkImage` with a `VkImageView` of the type `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY`, `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY` or `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY`, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-02703
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions with `ImplicitLod`, `Dref` or `Proj` in their name, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-02704
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` object that uses unnormalized coordinates, that sampler must not be used with any of the SPIR-V `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions that includes a LOD bias or any offset values, in any shader stage

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-02705
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a uniform buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-02706
  If the robust buffer access feature is not enabled, and if the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a storage buffer, it must not access values outside of the range of the buffer as specified in the descriptor set bound to the same pipeline bind point

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-commandBuffer-02707
  If `commandBuffer` is an unprotected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource accessed by the VkPipeline object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be a protected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-06550
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must only be used with `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageSparseSample*` instructions

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-ConstOffset-06551
  If the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command accesses a `VkSampler` or `VkImageView` object that enables sampler Y′CBCR conversion, that object must not use the `ConstOffset` and `Offset` operands

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-None-04115
  If a VkImageView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the image view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-OpImageWrite-04469
  If a VkBufferView is accessed using `OpImageWrite` as a result of this command, then the `Type` of the `Texel` operand of that instruction must have at least as many components as the buffer view’s format

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-commandBuffer-02712
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, any resource written to by the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not be an unprotected resource

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-commandBuffer-02713
  If `commandBuffer` is a protected command buffer and `protectedNoFault` is not supported, pipeline stages other than the framebuffer-space and compute stages in the `VkPipeline` object bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command must not write to any resource

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-commandBuffer-04617
  If any of the shader stages of the `VkPipeline` bound to the pipeline bind point used by this command uses the RayQueryKHR capability, then `commandBuffer` must not be a protected command buffer

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-baseGroupX-00421
  `baseGroupX` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[0]

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-baseGroupX-00422
  `baseGroupY` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[1]

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-baseGroupZ-00423
  `baseGroupZ` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[2]

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-groupCountX-00424
  `groupCountX` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[0] minus `baseGroupX`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-groupCountY-00425
  `groupCountY` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[1] minus `baseGroupY`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-groupCountZ-00426
  `groupCountZ` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[2] minus `baseGroupZ`

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-baseGroupX-00427
  If any of `baseGroupX`, `baseGroupY`, or `baseGroupZ` are not zero, then the bound compute pipeline must have been created with the `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DISPATCH_BASE` flag

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support compute operations

- VUID-vkCmdDispatchBase-renderpass
  This command must only be called outside of a render pass instance

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Outside | Compute

## 29. Sparse Resources

As documented in Resource Memory Association, `VkBuffer` and `VkImage` resources in Vulkan must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object. This binding must be done before the resource is used, and the binding is immutable for the lifetime of the resource.

Sparse resources relax these restrictions and provide these additional features:

- Sparse resources can be bound non-contiguously to one or more `VkDeviceMemory` allocations.

- Sparse resources can be re-bound to different memory allocations over the lifetime of the resource.

- Sparse resources can have descriptors generated and used orthogonally with memory binding commands.

### 29.1. Sparse Resource Features

Sparse resources have several features that must be enabled explicitly at resource creation time. The features are enabled by including bits in the `flags` parameter of VkImageCreateInfo or VkBufferCreateInfo. Each feature also has one or more corresponding feature enables specified in VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures.

- Sparse binding is the base feature, and provides the following capabilities:

  - Resources can be bound at some defined (sparse block) granularity.

  - The entire resource must be bound to memory before use regardless of regions actually accessed.

  - No specific mapping of image region to memory offset is defined, i.e. the location that each texel corresponds to in memory is implementation-dependent.

  - Sparse buffers have a well-defined mapping of buffer range to memory range, where an offset into a range of the buffer that is bound to a single contiguous range of memory corresponds to an identical offset within that range of memory.

  - Requested via the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` and `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` bits.

  - A sparse image created using `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` (but not `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`) supports all formats that non-sparse usage supports, and supports both `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL` and `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` tiling.

- Sparse Residency builds on (and requires) the `sparseBinding` feature. It includes the following capabilities:

  - Resources do not have to be completely bound to memory before use on the device.

  - Images have a prescribed sparse image block layout, allowing specific rectangular regions of the image to be bound to specific offsets in memory allocations.

  - Consistency of access to unbound regions of the resource is defined by the absence or presence of `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties`::`residencyNonResidentStrict`. If this property is present, accesses to unbound regions of the resource are well defined and behave as if the data bound is populated with all zeros; writes are discarded. When this property is absent, accesses are considered safe, but reads will return undefined values.

  - Requested via the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` and `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` bits.

  - Sparse residency support is advertised on a finer grain via the following features:

    - `sparseResidencyBuffer`: Support for creating `VkBuffer` objects with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

    - `sparseResidencyImage2D`: Support for creating 2D single-sampled `VkImage` objects with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

    - `sparseResidencyImage3D`: Support for creating 3D `VkImage` objects with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

    - `sparseResidency2Samples`: Support for creating 2D `VkImage` objects with 2 samples and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

    - `sparseResidency4Samples`: Support for creating 2D `VkImage` objects with 4 samples and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

    - `sparseResidency8Samples`: Support for creating 2D `VkImage` objects with 8 samples and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

    - `sparseResidency16Samples`: Support for creating 2D `VkImage` objects with 16 samples and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

    Implementations supporting `sparseResidencyImage2D` are only required to support sparse 2D, single-sampled images. Support for sparse 3D and MSAA images is optional and can be enabled via `sparseResidencyImage3D`, `sparseResidency2Samples`, `sparseResidency4Samples`, `sparseResidency8Samples`, and `sparseResidency16Samples`.

  - A sparse image created using `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` supports all non-compressed color formats with power-of-two element size that non-sparse usage supports. Additional formats may also be supported and can be queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties. `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR` tiling is not supported.

- Sparse aliasing provides the following capability that can be enabled per resource:

  Allows physical memory ranges to be shared between multiple locations in the same sparse resource or between multiple sparse resources, with each binding of a memory location observing a consistent interpretation of the memory contents.

  See Sparse Memory Aliasing for more information.

### 29.2. Sparse Buffers and Fully-Resident Images

Both `VkBuffer` and `VkImage` objects created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` bits can be thought of as a linear region of address space. In the `VkImage` case if `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` is not used, this linear region is entirely opaque, meaning that there is no application-visible mapping between texel location and memory offset.

Unless `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` are also used, the entire resource must be bound to one or more `VkDeviceMemory` objects before use.

#### 29.2.1. Sparse Buffer and Fully-Resident Image Block Size

The sparse block size in bytes for sparse buffers and fully-resident images is reported as `VkMemoryRequirements`::`alignment`. `alignment` represents both the memory alignment requirement and the binding granularity (in bytes) for sparse resources.

### 29.3. Sparse Partially-Resident Buffers

`VkBuffer` objects created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` bit allow the buffer to be made only partially resident. Partially resident `VkBuffer` objects are allocated and bound identically to `VkBuffer` objects using only the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` feature. The only difference is the ability for some regions of the buffer to be unbound during device use.

### 29.4. Sparse Partially-Resident Images

`VkImage` objects created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` bit allow specific rectangular regions of the image called sparse image blocks to be bound to specific ranges of memory. This allows the application to manage residency at either image subresource or sparse image block granularity. Each image subresource (outside of the mip tail) starts on a sparse block boundary and has dimensions that are integer multiples of the corresponding dimensions of the sparse image block.

| Note Applications can use these types of images to control LOD based on total memory consumption. If memory pressure becomes an issue the application can unbind and disable specific mipmap levels of images without having to recreate resources or modify texel data of unaffected levels. The application can also use this functionality to access subregions of the image in a “megatexture” fashion. The application can create a large image and only populate the region of the image that is currently being used in the scene.

#### 29.4.1. Accessing Unbound Regions

The following member of `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties` affects how data in unbound regions of sparse resources are handled by the implementation:

- `residencyNonResidentStrict`

If this property is not present, reads of unbound regions of the image will return undefined values. Both reads and writes are still considered safe and will not affect other resources or populated regions of the image.

If this property is present, all reads of unbound regions of the image will behave as if the region was bound to memory populated with all zeros; writes will be discarded.

Formatted accesses to unbound memory may still alter some component values in the natural way for those accesses, e.g. substituting a value of one for alpha in formats that do not have an alpha component.

Example: Reading the alpha component of an unbacked `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` image will return a value of 1.0f.

See Physical Device Enumeration for instructions for retrieving physical device properties.

Implementor’s Note

For implementations that cannot natively handle access to unbound regions of a resource, the implementation may allocate and bind memory to the unbound regions. Reads and writes to unbound regions will access the implementation-managed memory instead.

Given that the values resulting from reads of unbound regions are undefined in this scenario, implementations may use the same physical memory for all unbound regions of multiple resources within the same process.

#### 29.4.2. Mip Tail Regions

Sparse images created using `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` (without also using `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`) have no specific mapping of image region or image subresource to memory offset defined, so the entire image can be thought of as a linear opaque address region. However, images created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` do have a prescribed sparse image block layout, and hence each image subresource must start on a sparse block boundary. Within each array layer, the set of mip levels that have a smaller size than the sparse block size in bytes are grouped together into a mip tail region.

If the `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT` flag is present in the `flags` member of `VkSparseImageFormatProperties`, for the image’s `format`, then any mip level which has dimensions that are not integer multiples of the corresponding dimensions of the sparse image block, and all subsequent mip levels, are also included in the mip tail region.

The following member of `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties` may affect how the implementation places mip levels in the mip tail region:

- `residencyAlignedMipSize`

Each mip tail region is bound to memory as an opaque region (i.e. must be bound using a VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo structure) and may be of a size greater than or equal to the sparse block size in bytes. This size is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of the sparse block size in bytes.

An implementation may choose to allow each array-layer’s mip tail region to be bound to memory independently or require that all array-layer’s mip tail regions be treated as one. This is dictated by `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT` in `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements`::`flags`.

The following diagrams depict how `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT` and `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT` alter memory usage and requirements.

Figure 17. Sparse Image

In the absence of `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT` and `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT`, each array layer contains a mip tail region containing texel data for all mip levels smaller than the sparse image block in any dimension.

Mip levels that are as large or larger than a sparse image block in all dimensions can be bound individually. Right-edges and bottom-edges of each level are allowed to have partially used sparse blocks. Any bound partially-used-sparse-blocks must still have their full sparse block size in bytes allocated in memory.

Figure 18. Sparse Image with Single Mip Tail

When `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT` is present all array layers will share a single mip tail region.

Figure 19. Sparse Image with Aligned Mip Size

| Note The mip tail regions are presented here in 2D arrays simply for figure size reasons. Each mip tail is logically a single array of sparse blocks with an implementation-dependent mapping of texels or compressed texel blocks to sparse blocks.

When `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT` is present the first mip level that would contain partially used sparse blocks begins the mip tail region. This level and all subsequent levels are placed in the mip tail. Only the first N mip levels whose dimensions are an exact multiple of the sparse image block dimensions can be bound and unbound on a sparse block basis.

Figure 20. Sparse Image with Aligned Mip Size and Single Mip Tail

| Note The mip tail region is presented here in a 2D array simply for figure size reasons. It is logically a single array of sparse blocks with an implementation-dependent mapping of texels or compressed texel blocks to sparse blocks.

When both `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT` and `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT` are present the constraints from each of these flags are in effect.

#### 29.4.3. Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes

Standard sparse image block shapes define a standard set of dimensions for sparse image blocks that depend on the format of the image. Layout of texels or compressed texel blocks within a sparse image block is implementation-dependent. All currently defined standard sparse image block shapes are 64 KB in size.

For block-compressed formats (e.g. `VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK`), the texel size is the size of the compressed texel block (e.g. 128-bit for `BC5`) thus the dimensions of the standard sparse image block shapes apply in terms of compressed texel blocks.

| Note For block-compressed formats, the dimensions of a sparse image block in terms of texels can be calculated by multiplying the sparse image block dimensions by the compressed texel block dimensions.

Table 27. Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (Single Sample)
TEXEL SIZE (bits) | Block Shape (2D) | Block Shape (3D)
--- | --- | ---
8-Bit | 256 × 256 × 1 | 64 × 32 × 32
16-Bit | 256 × 128 × 1 | 32 × 32 × 32
32-Bit | 128 × 128 × 1 | 32 × 32 × 16
64-Bit | 128 × 64 × 1 | 32 × 16 × 16
128-Bit | 64 × 64 × 1 | 16 × 16 × 16

Table 28. Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (MSAA)
TEXEL SIZE (bits) | Block Shape (2X) | Block Shape (4X) | Block Shape (8X) | Block Shape (16X)
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
8-Bit | 128 × 256 × 1 | 128 × 128 × 1 | 64 × 128 × 1 | 64 × 64 × 1
16-Bit | 128 × 128 × 1 | 128 × 64 × 1 | 64 × 64 × 1 | 64 × 32 × 1
32-Bit | 64 × 128 × 1 | 64 × 64 × 1 | 32 × 64 × 1 | 32 × 32 × 1
64-Bit | 64 × 64 × 1 | 64 × 32 × 1 | 32 × 32 × 1 | 32 × 16 × 1
128-Bit | 32 × 64 × 1 | 32 × 32 × 1 | 16 × 32 × 1 | 16 × 16 × 1

Implementations that support the standard sparse image block shape for all formats listed in the Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (Single Sample) and Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (MSAA) tables may advertise the following `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties`:

- `residencyStandard2DBlockShape`

- `residencyStandard2DMultisampleBlockShape`

- `residencyStandard3DBlockShape`

Reporting each of these features does not imply that all possible image types are supported as sparse. Instead, this indicates that no supported sparse image of the corresponding type will use custom sparse image block dimensions for any formats that have a corresponding standard sparse image block shape.

#### 29.4.4. Custom Sparse Image Block Shapes

An implementation that does not support a standard image block shape for a particular sparse partially-resident image may choose to support a custom sparse image block shape for it instead. The dimensions of such a custom sparse image block shape are reported in `VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity`. As with standard sparse image block shapes, the size in bytes of the custom sparse image block shape will be reported in `VkMemoryRequirements`::`alignment`.

Custom sparse image block dimensions are reported through `vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties` and `vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements`.

An implementation must not support both the standard sparse image block shape and a custom sparse image block shape for the same image. The standard sparse image block shape must be used if it is supported.

#### 29.4.5. Multiple Aspects

Partially resident images are allowed to report separate sparse properties for different aspects of the image. One example is for depth/stencil images where the implementation separates the depth and stencil data into separate planes. Another reason for multiple aspects is to allow the application to manage memory allocation for implementation-private metadata associated with the image. See the figure below:

Figure 21. Multiple Aspect Sparse Image

| Note The mip tail regions are presented here in 2D arrays simply for figure size reasons. Each mip tail is logically a single array of sparse blocks with an implementation-dependent mapping of texels or compressed texel blocks to sparse blocks.

In the figure above the depth, stencil, and metadata aspects all have unique sparse properties. The per-texel stencil data is ¼ the size of the depth data, hence the stencil sparse blocks include 4 × the number of texels. The sparse block size in bytes for all of the aspects is identical and defined by `VkMemoryRequirements`::`alignment`.

##### Metadata

The metadata aspect of an image has the following constraints:

- All metadata is reported in the mip tail region of the metadata aspect.

- All metadata must be bound prior to device use of the sparse image.

### 29.5. Sparse Memory Aliasing

By default sparse resources have the same aliasing rules as non-sparse resources. See Memory Aliasing for more information.

`VkDevice` objects that have the sparseResidencyAliased feature enabled are able to use the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` flags for resource creation. These flags allow resources to access physical memory bound into multiple locations within one or more sparse resources in a data consistent fashion. This means that reading physical memory from multiple aliased locations will return the same value.

Care must be taken when performing a write operation to aliased physical memory. Memory dependencies must be used to separate writes to one alias from reads or writes to another alias. Writes to aliased memory that are not properly guarded against accesses to different aliases will have undefined results for all accesses to the aliased memory.

Applications that wish to make use of data consistent sparse memory aliasing must abide by the following guidelines:

- All sparse resources that are bound to aliased physical memory must be created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` / `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` flag.

- All resources that access aliased physical memory must interpret the memory in the same way. This implies the following:

  - Buffers and images cannot alias the same physical memory in a data consistent fashion. The physical memory ranges must be used exclusively by buffers or used exclusively by images for data consistency to be guaranteed.

  - Memory in sparse image mip tail regions cannot access aliased memory in a data consistent fashion.

  - Sparse images that alias the same physical memory must have compatible formats and be using the same sparse image block shape in order to access aliased memory in a data consistent fashion.

Failure to follow any of the above guidelines will require the application to abide by the normal, non-sparse resource aliasing rules. In this case memory cannot be accessed in a data consistent fashion.

| Note Enabling sparse resource memory aliasing can be a way to lower physical memory use, but it may reduce performance on some implementations. An application developer can test on their target HW and balance the memory / performance trade-offs measured.

### 29.6. Sparse Resource Implementation Guidelines (Informative)

This section is Informative. It is included to aid in implementors’ understanding of sparse resources.

Device Virtual Address

The basic `sparseBinding` feature allows the resource to reserve its own device virtual address range at resource creation time rather than relying on a bind operation to set this. Without any other creation flags, no other constraints are relaxed compared to normal resources. All pages must be bound to physical memory before the device accesses the resource.

The sparse residency features allow sparse resources to be used even when not all pages are bound to memory. Implementations that support access to unbound pages without causing a fault may support `residencyNonResidentStrict`.

Not faulting on access to unbound pages is not enough to support `residencyNonResidentStrict`. An implementation must also guarantee that reads after writes to unbound regions of the resource always return data for the read as if the memory contains zeros. Depending on any caching hierarchy of the implementation this may not always be possible.

Any implementation that does not fault, but does not guarantee correct read values must not support `residencyNonResidentStrict`.

Any implementation that cannot access unbound pages without causing a fault will require the implementation to bind the entire device virtual address range to physical memory. Any pages that the application does not bind to memory may be bound to one (or more) "`placeholder" physical page(s) allocated by the implementation. Given the following properties:

- A process must not access memory from another process

- Reads return undefined values

It is sufficient for each host process to allocate these placeholder pages and use them for all resources in that process. Implementations may allocate more often (per instance, per device, or per resource).

Binding Memory

The byte size reported in `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` must be greater than or equal to the amount of physical memory required to fully populate the resource. Some implementations require “holes” in the device virtual address range that are never accessed. These holes may be included in the `size` reported for the resource.

Including or not including the device virtual address holes in the resource size will alter how the implementation provides support for `VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo`. This operation must be supported for all sparse images, even ones created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

| editing-note @ntrevett suggested expanding the NOTE tag below to encompass everything from “The cost is…​” in the first bullet point through the current note. TBD.

- If the holes are included in the size, this bind function becomes very easy. In most cases the `resourceOffset` is simply a device virtual address offset and the implementation can easily determine what device virtual address to bind. The cost is that the application may allocate more physical memory for the resource than it needs.

- If the holes are not included in the size, the application can allocate less physical memory than otherwise for the resource. However, in this case the implementation must account for the holes when mapping `resourceOffset` to the actual device virtual address intended to be mapped.

| Note If the application always uses `VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo` to bind memory for the non-tail mip levels, any holes that are present in the resource size may never be bound. Since `VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo` uses texel locations to determine which device virtual addresses to bind, it is impossible to bind device virtual address holes with this operation.

Binding Metadata Memory

All metadata for sparse images have their own sparse properties and are embedded in the mip tail region for said properties. See the Multiaspect section for details.

Given that metadata is in a mip tail region, and the mip tail region must be reported as contiguous (either globally or per-array-layer), some implementations will have to resort to complicated offset → device virtual address mapping for handling `VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo`.

To make this easier on the implementation, the `VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT` explicitly specifies when metadata is bound with `VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo`. When this flag is not present, the `resourceOffset` may be treated as a strict device virtual address offset.

When `VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT` is present, the `resourceOffset` must have been derived explicitly from the `imageMipTailOffset` in the sparse resource properties returned for the metadata aspect. By manipulating the value returned for `imageMipTailOffset`, the `resourceOffset` does not have to correlate directly to a device virtual address offset, and may instead be whatever value makes it easiest for the implementation to derive the correct device virtual address.

### 29.7. Sparse Resource API

The APIs related to sparse resources are grouped into the following categories:

- Physical Device Features

- Physical Device Sparse Properties

- Sparse Image Format Properties

- Sparse Resource Creation

- Sparse Resource Memory Requirements

- Binding Resource Memory

#### 29.7.1. Physical Device Features

Some sparse-resource related features are reported and enabled in `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`. These features must be supported and enabled on the `VkDevice` object before applications can use them. See Physical Device Features for information on how to get and set enabled device features, and for more detailed explanations of these features.

##### Sparse Physical Device Features

- `sparseBinding`: Support for creating VkBuffer and `VkImage` objects with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flags, respectively.

- `sparseResidencyBuffer`: Support for creating VkBuffer objects with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag.

- `sparseResidencyImage2D`: Support for creating 2D single-sampled `VkImage` objects with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

- `sparseResidencyImage3D`: Support for creating 3D VkImage objects with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

- `sparseResidency2Samples`: Support for creating 2D VkImage objects with 2 samples and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

- `sparseResidency4Samples`: Support for creating 2D VkImage objects with 4 samples and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

- `sparseResidency8Samples`: Support for creating 2D VkImage objects with 8 samples and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

- `sparseResidency16Samples`: Support for creating 2D VkImage objects with 16 samples and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`.

- `sparseResidencyAliased`: Support for creating VkBuffer and `VkImage` objects with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` flags, respectively.

#### 29.7.2. Physical Device Sparse Properties

Some features of the implementation are not possible to disable, and are reported to allow applications to alter their sparse resource usage accordingly. These read-only capabilities are reported in the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`sparseProperties` member, which is a `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties` structure.

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties {
        VkBool32    residencyStandard2DBlockShape;
        VkBool32    residencyStandard2DMultisampleBlockShape;
        VkBool32    residencyStandard3DBlockShape;
        VkBool32    residencyAlignedMipSize;
        VkBool32    residencyNonResidentStrict;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties;

- `residencyStandard2DBlockShape` is `VK_TRUE` if the physical device will access all single-sample 2D sparse resources using the standard sparse image block shapes (based on image format), as described in the Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (Single Sample) table. If this property is not supported the value returned in the `imageGranularity` member of the `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure for single-sample 2D images is not required to match the standard sparse image block dimensions listed in the table.

- `residencyStandard2DMultisampleBlockShape` is `VK_TRUE` if the physical device will access all multisample 2D sparse resources using the standard sparse image block shapes (based on image format), as described in the Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (MSAA) table. If this property is not supported, the value returned in the `imageGranularity` member of the `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure for multisample 2D images is not required to match the standard sparse image block dimensions listed in the table.

- `residencyStandard3DBlockShape` is `VK_TRUE` if the physical device will access all 3D sparse resources using the standard sparse image block shapes (based on image format), as described in the Standard Sparse Image Block Shapes (Single Sample) table. If this property is not supported, the value returned in the `imageGranularity` member of the `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure for 3D images is not required to match the standard sparse image block dimensions listed in the table.

- `residencyAlignedMipSize` is `VK_TRUE` if images with mip level dimensions that are not integer multiples of the corresponding dimensions of the sparse image block may be placed in the mip tail. If this property is not reported, only mip levels with dimensions smaller than the `imageGranularity` member of the `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure will be placed in the mip tail. If this property is reported the implementation is allowed to return `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT` in the `flags` member of `VkSparseImageFormatProperties`, indicating that mip level dimensions that are not integer multiples of the corresponding dimensions of the sparse image block will be placed in the mip tail.

- `residencyNonResidentStrict` specifies whether the physical device can consistently access non-resident regions of a resource. If this property is `VK_TRUE`, access to non-resident regions of resources will be guaranteed to return values as if the resource was populated with 0; writes to non-resident regions will be discarded.

#### 29.7.3. Sparse Image Format Properties

Given that certain aspects of sparse image support, including the sparse image block dimensions, may be implementation-dependent, vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties can be used to query for sparse image format properties prior to resource creation. This command is used to check whether a given set of sparse image parameters is supported and what the sparse image block shape will be.

##### Sparse Image Format Properties API

The `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseImageFormatProperties {
        VkImageAspectFlags          aspectMask;
        VkExtent3D                  imageGranularity;
        VkSparseImageFormatFlags    flags;
    } VkSparseImageFormatProperties;

- `aspectMask` is a bitmask VkImageAspectFlagBits specifying which aspects of the image the properties apply to.

- `imageGranularity` is the width, height, and depth of the sparse image block in texels or compressed texel blocks.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkSparseImageFormatFlagBits specifying additional information about the sparse resource.

Bits which may be set in VkSparseImageFormatProperties::`flags`, specifying additional information about the sparse resource, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSparseImageFormatFlagBits {
        VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_NONSTANDARD_BLOCK_SIZE_BIT = 0x00000004,
    } VkSparseImageFormatFlagBits;

- `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT` specifies that the image uses a single mip tail region for all array layers.

- `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_ALIGNED_MIP_SIZE_BIT` specifies that the first mip level whose dimensions are not integer multiples of the corresponding dimensions of the sparse image block begins the mip tail region.

- `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_NONSTANDARD_BLOCK_SIZE_BIT` specifies that the image uses non-standard sparse image block dimensions, and the `imageGranularity` values do not match the standard sparse image block dimensions for the given format.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkSparseImageFormatFlags;

`VkSparseImageFormatFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkSparseImageFormatFlagBits.

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties` returns an array of VkSparseImageFormatProperties. Each element will describe properties for one set of image aspects that are bound simultaneously in the image. This is usually one element for each aspect in the image, but for interleaved depth/stencil images there is only one element describing the combined aspects.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkFormat                                    format,
        VkImageType                                 type,
        VkSampleCountFlagBits                       samples,
        VkImageUsageFlags                           usage,
        VkImageTiling                               tiling,
        uint32_t*                                   pPropertyCount,
        VkSparseImageFormatProperties*              pProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the sparse image format properties.

- `format` is the image format.

- `type` is the dimensionality of image.

- `samples` is a VkSampleCountFlagBits value specifying the number of samples per texel.

- `usage` is a bitmask describing the intended usage of the image.

- `tiling` is the tiling arrangement of the texel blocks in memory.

- `pPropertyCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of sparse format properties available or queried, as described below.

- `pProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkSparseImageFormatProperties structures.

If `pProperties` is `NULL`, then the number of sparse format properties available is returned in `pPropertyCount`. Otherwise, `pPropertyCount` must point to a variable set by the user to the number of elements in the `pProperties` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to `pProperties`. If `pPropertyCount` is less than the number of sparse format properties available, at most `pPropertyCount` structures will be written.

If `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` is not supported for the given arguments, `pPropertyCount` will be set to zero upon return, and no data will be written to `pProperties`.

Multiple aspects are returned for depth/stencil images that are implemented as separate planes by the implementation. The depth and stencil data planes each have unique `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` data.

Depth/stencil images with depth and stencil data interleaved into a single plane will return a single `VkSparseImageFormatProperties` structure with the `aspectMask` set to `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` | `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-samples-01094
  `samples` must be a bit value that is set in `VkImageFormatProperties`::`sampleCounts` returned by `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties` with `format`, `type`, `tiling`, and `usage` equal to those in this command and `flags` equal to the value that is set in VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` when the image is created

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkImageType value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-samples-parameter
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-tiling-parameter
  `tiling` must be a valid VkImageTiling value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-pPropertyCount-parameter
  `pPropertyCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties-pProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPropertyCount` is not `0`, and `pProperties` is not `NULL`, `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPropertyCount` VkSparseImageFormatProperties structures

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2` returns an array of VkSparseImageFormatProperties2. Each element will describe properties for one set of image aspects that are bound simultaneously in the image. This is usually one element for each aspect in the image, but for interleaved depth/stencil images there is only one element describing the combined aspects.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        const VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2* pFormatInfo,
        uint32_t*                                   pPropertyCount,
        VkSparseImageFormatProperties2*             pProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the sparse image format properties.

- `pFormatInfo` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2 structure containing input parameters to the command.

- `pPropertyCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of sparse format properties available or queried, as described below.

- `pProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkSparseImageFormatProperties2 structures.

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2` behaves identically to vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties, with the ability to return extended information by adding extending structures to the `pNext` chain of its `pProperties` parameter.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2-pFormatInfo-parameter
  `pFormatInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2-pPropertyCount-parameter
  `pPropertyCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2-pProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPropertyCount` is not `0`, and `pProperties` is not `NULL`, `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPropertyCount` VkSparseImageFormatProperties2 structures

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2 {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        const void*              pNext;
        VkFormat                 format;
        VkImageType              type;
        VkSampleCountFlagBits    samples;
        VkImageUsageFlags        usage;
        VkImageTiling            tiling;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `format` is the image format.

- `type` is the dimensionality of image.

- `samples` is a VkSampleCountFlagBits value specifying the number of samples per texel.

- `usage` is a bitmask describing the intended usage of the image.

- `tiling` is the tiling arrangement of the texel blocks in memory.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-samples-01095
  `samples` must be a bit value that is set in `VkImageFormatProperties`::`sampleCounts` returned by `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties` with `format`, `type`, `tiling`, and `usage` equal to those in this command and `flags` equal to the value that is set in VkImageCreateInfo::`flags` when the image is created

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkImageType value

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-samples-parameter
  `samples` must be a valid VkSampleCountFlagBits value

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2-tiling-parameter
  `tiling` must be a valid VkImageTiling value

The `VkSparseImageFormatProperties2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkSparseImageFormatProperties2 {
        VkStructureType                  sType;
        void*                            pNext;
        VkSparseImageFormatProperties    properties;
    } VkSparseImageFormatProperties2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `properties` is a VkSparseImageFormatProperties structure which is populated with the same values as in vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseImageFormatProperties2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2`

- VUID-VkSparseImageFormatProperties2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

#### 29.7.4. Sparse Resource Creation

Sparse resources require that one or more sparse feature flags be specified (as part of the `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures` structure described previously in the Physical Device Features section) when calling vkCreateDevice. When the appropriate device features are enabled, the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_*` and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_*` flags can be used. See vkCreateBuffer and vkCreateImage for details of the resource creation APIs.

| Note Specifying `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` requires specifying `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, respectively, as well. This means that resources must be created with the appropriate `*_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` to be used with the sparse binding command (`vkQueueBindSparse`).

#### 29.7.5. Sparse Resource Memory Requirements

Sparse resources have specific memory requirements related to binding sparse memory. These memory requirements are reported differently for `VkBuffer` objects and `VkImage` objects.

##### Buffer and Fully-Resident Images

Buffers (both fully and partially resident) and fully-resident images can be bound to memory using only the data from `VkMemoryRequirements`. For all sparse resources the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`alignment` member specifies both the bindable sparse block size in bytes and required alignment of `VkDeviceMemory`.

##### Partially Resident Images

Partially resident images have a different method for binding memory. As with buffers and fully resident images, the `VkMemoryRequirements`::`alignment` field specifies the bindable sparse block size in bytes for the image.

Requesting sparse memory requirements for `VkImage` objects using `vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements` will return an array of one or more `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements` structures. Each structure describes the sparse memory requirements for a group of aspects of the image.

The sparse image must have been created using the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag to retrieve valid sparse image memory requirements.

##### Sparse Image Memory Requirements

The `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements {
        VkSparseImageFormatProperties    formatProperties;
        uint32_t                         imageMipTailFirstLod;
        VkDeviceSize                     imageMipTailSize;
        VkDeviceSize                     imageMipTailOffset;
        VkDeviceSize                     imageMipTailStride;
    } VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements;

- `formatProperties` is a VkSparseImageFormatProperties structure specifying properties of the image format.

- `imageMipTailFirstLod` is the first mip level at which image subresources are included in the mip tail region.

- `imageMipTailSize` is the memory size (in bytes) of the mip tail region. If `formatProperties.flags` contains `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT`, this is the size of the whole mip tail, otherwise this is the size of the mip tail of a single array layer. This value is guaranteed to be a multiple of the sparse block size in bytes.

- `imageMipTailOffset` is the opaque memory offset used with VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo to bind the mip tail region(s).

- `imageMipTailStride` is the offset stride between each array-layer’s mip tail, if `formatProperties.flags` does not contain `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT` (otherwise the value is undefined).

To query sparse memory requirements for an image, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkImage                                     image,
        uint32_t*                                   pSparseMemoryRequirementCount,
        VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements*            pSparseMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `image` is the VkImage object to get the memory requirements for.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of sparse memory requirements available or queried, as described below.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements` structures.

If `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is `NULL`, then the number of sparse memory requirements available is returned in `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount`. Otherwise, `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` must point to a variable set by the user to the number of elements in the `pSparseMemoryRequirements` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to `pSparseMemoryRequirements`. If `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is less than the number of sparse memory requirements available, at most `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` structures will be written.

If the image was not created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` then `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` will be set to zero and `pSparseMemoryRequirements` will not be written to.

| Note It is legal for an implementation to report a larger value in `VkMemoryRequirements`::`size` than would be obtained by adding together memory sizes for all `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements` returned by `vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements`. This may occur when the implementation requires unused padding in the address range describing the resource.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements-pSparseMemoryRequirementCount-parameter
  `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements-pSparseMemoryRequirements-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is not `0`, and `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is not `NULL`, `pSparseMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements structures

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements-image-parent
  `image` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

To query sparse memory requirements for an image, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2* pInfo,
        uint32_t*                                   pSparseMemoryRequirementCount,
        VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2*           pSparseMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device that owns the image.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a `VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2` structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of sparse memory requirements available or queried, as described below.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2` structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2-pSparseMemoryRequirementCount-parameter
  `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2-pSparseMemoryRequirements-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is not `0`, and `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is not `NULL`, `pSparseMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2 structures

To determine the sparse memory requirements for an image resource without creating an object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements*      pInfo,
        uint32_t*                                   pSparseMemoryRequirementCount,
        VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2*           pSparseMemoryRequirements);

- `device` is the logical device intended to own the image.

- `pInfo` is a pointer to a VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements structure containing parameters required for the memory requirements query.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of sparse memory requirements available or queried, as described below.

- `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2` structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements-pInfo-parameter
  `pInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements structure

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements-pSparseMemoryRequirementCount-parameter
  `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements-pSparseMemoryRequirements-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` is not `0`, and `pSparseMemoryRequirements` is not `NULL`, `pSparseMemoryRequirements` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pSparseMemoryRequirementCount` VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2 structures

The `VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2 {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkImage            image;
    } VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `image` is the image to query.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_SPARSE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

The `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2 {
        VkStructureType                    sType;
        void*                              pNext;
        VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements    memoryRequirements;
    } VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `memoryRequirements` is a VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements structure describing the memory requirements of the sparse image.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SPARSE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2`

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

#### 29.7.6. Binding Resource Memory

Non-sparse resources are backed by a single physical allocation prior to device use (via `vkBindImageMemory` or `vkBindBufferMemory`), and their backing must not be changed. On the other hand, sparse resources can be bound to memory non-contiguously and these bindings can be altered during the lifetime of the resource.

| Note It is important to note that freeing a `VkDeviceMemory` object with `vkFreeMemory` will not cause resources (or resource regions) bound to the memory object to become unbound. Applications must not access resources bound to memory that has been freed.

Sparse memory bindings execute on a queue that includes the `VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` bit. Applications must use synchronization primitives to guarantee that other queues do not access ranges of memory concurrently with a binding change. Applications can access other ranges of the same resource while a bind operation is executing.

| Note Implementations must provide a guarantee that simultaneously binding sparse blocks while another queue accesses those same sparse blocks via a sparse resource must not access memory owned by another process or otherwise corrupt the system.

While some implementations may include `VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` support in queue families that also include graphics and compute support, other implementations may only expose a `VK_QUEUE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`-only queue family. In either case, applications must use synchronization primitives to explicitly request any ordering dependencies between sparse memory binding operations and other graphics/compute/transfer operations, as sparse binding operations are not automatically ordered against command buffer execution, even within a single queue.

When binding memory explicitly for the `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_METADATA_BIT` the application must use the `VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT` in the `VkSparseMemoryBind`::`flags` field when binding memory. Binding memory for metadata is done the same way as binding memory for the mip tail, with the addition of the `VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT` flag.

Binding the mip tail for any aspect must only be performed using VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo. If `formatProperties.flags` contains `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT`, then it can be bound with a single VkSparseMemoryBind structure, with `resourceOffset` = `imageMipTailOffset` and `size` = `imageMipTailSize`.

If `formatProperties.flags` does not contain `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT` then the offset for the mip tail in each array layer is given as:

    arrayMipTailOffset = imageMipTailOffset + arrayLayer * imageMipTailStride;

and the mip tail can be bound with `layerCount` VkSparseMemoryBind structures, each using `size` = `imageMipTailSize` and `resourceOffset` = `arrayMipTailOffset` as defined above.

Sparse memory binding is handled by the following APIs and related data structures.

##### Sparse Memory Binding Functions

The `VkSparseMemoryBind` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseMemoryBind {
        VkDeviceSize               resourceOffset;
        VkDeviceSize               size;
        VkDeviceMemory             memory;
        VkDeviceSize               memoryOffset;
        VkSparseMemoryBindFlags    flags;
    } VkSparseMemoryBind;

- `resourceOffset` is the offset into the resource.

- `size` is the size of the memory region to be bound.

- `memory` is the VkDeviceMemory object that the range of the resource is bound to. If `memory` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the range is unbound.

- `memoryOffset` is the offset into the VkDeviceMemory object to bind the resource range to. If `memory` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, this value is ignored.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits specifying usage of the binding operation.

The binding range [`resourceOffset`, `resourceOffset` + `size`) has different constraints based on `flags`. If `flags` contains `VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT`, the binding range must be within the mip tail region of the metadata aspect. This metadata region is defined by:

  metadataRegion = [base, base + `imageMipTailSize`)

  base = `imageMipTailOffset` + `imageMipTailStride` × n

and `imageMipTailOffset`, `imageMipTailSize`, and `imageMipTailStride` values are from the VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements corresponding to the metadata aspect of the image, and n is a valid array layer index for the image,

`imageMipTailStride` is considered to be zero for aspects where `VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements`::`formatProperties.flags` contains `VK_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_SINGLE_MIPTAIL_BIT`.

If `flags` does not contain `VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT`, the binding range must be within the range [0,VkMemoryRequirements::`size`).

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memory-01096
  If `memory` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `memory` and `memoryOffset` must match the memory requirements of the resource, as described in section Resource Memory Association

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memory-01097
  If `memory` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `memory` must not have been created with a memory type that reports `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT` bit set

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-size-01098
  `size` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-resourceOffset-01099
  `resourceOffset` must be less than the size of the resource

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-size-01100
  `size` must be less than or equal to the size of the resource minus `resourceOffset`

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memoryOffset-01101
  `memoryOffset` must be less than the size of `memory`

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-size-01102
  `size` must be less than or equal to the size of `memory` minus `memoryOffset`

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memory-02730
  If `memory` was created with VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` not equal to `0`, at least one handle type it contained must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` or VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when the resource was created

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memory-02731
  If `memory` was created by a memory import operation, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo::`handleTypes` or VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when the resource was created

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-memory-parameter
  If `memory` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-VkSparseMemoryBind-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits values

Bits which can be set in VkSparseMemoryBind::`flags`, specifying usage of a sparse memory binding operation, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits {
        VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT = 0x00000001,
    } VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits;

- `VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT` specifies that the memory being bound is only for the metadata aspect.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkSparseMemoryBindFlags;

`VkSparseMemoryBindFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits.

Memory is bound to `VkBuffer` objects created with the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flag using the following structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo {
        VkBuffer                     buffer;
        uint32_t                     bindCount;
        const VkSparseMemoryBind*    pBinds;
    } VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo;

- `buffer` is the VkBuffer object to be bound.

- `bindCount` is the number of VkSparseMemoryBind structures in the `pBinds` array.

- `pBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseMemoryBind structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo-buffer-parameter
  `buffer` must be a valid VkBuffer handle

- VUID-VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo-pBinds-parameter
  `pBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindCount` valid VkSparseMemoryBind structures

- VUID-VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo-bindCount-arraylength
  `bindCount` must be greater than `0`

Memory is bound to opaque regions of `VkImage` objects created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` flag using the following structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo {
        VkImage                      image;
        uint32_t                     bindCount;
        const VkSparseMemoryBind*    pBinds;
    } VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo;

- `image` is the VkImage object to be bound.

- `bindCount` is the number of VkSparseMemoryBind structures in the `pBinds` array.

- `pBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseMemoryBind structures.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo-pBinds-01103
  If the `flags` member of any element of `pBinds` contains `VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT`, the binding range defined must be within the mip tail region of the metadata aspect of `image`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo-pBinds-parameter
  `pBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindCount` valid VkSparseMemoryBind structures

- VUID-VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo-bindCount-arraylength
  `bindCount` must be greater than `0`

| Note This operation is normally used to bind memory to fully-resident sparse images or for mip tail regions of partially resident images. However, it can also be used to bind memory for the entire binding range of partially resident images. In case `flags` does not contain `VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT`, the `resourceOffset` is in the range [0, VkMemoryRequirements::`size`), This range includes data from all aspects of the image, including metadata. For most implementations this will probably mean that the `resourceOffset` is a simple device address offset within the resource. It is possible for an application to bind a range of memory that includes both resource data and metadata. However, the application would not know what part of the image the memory is used for, or if any range is being used for metadata. When `flags` contains `VK_SPARSE_MEMORY_BIND_METADATA_BIT`, the binding range specified must be within the mip tail region of the metadata aspect. In this case the `resourceOffset` is not required to be a simple device address offset within the resource. However, it is defined to be within [`imageMipTailOffset`, `imageMipTailOffset` + `imageMipTailSize`) for the metadata aspect. See VkSparseMemoryBind for the full constraints on binding region with this flag present.

| editing-note (Jon) The preceding NOTE refers to `flags`, which is presumably a reference to VkSparseMemoryBind above, even though that is not contextually clear.

Memory can be bound to sparse image blocks of `VkImage` objects created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` flag using the following structure:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo {
        VkImage                           image;
        uint32_t                          bindCount;
        const VkSparseImageMemoryBind*    pBinds;
    } VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo;

- `image` is the VkImage object to be bound

- `bindCount` is the number of VkSparseImageMemoryBind structures in `pBinds` array

- `pBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseImageMemoryBind structures

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-subresource-01722
  The `subresource.mipLevel` member of each element of `pBinds` must be less than the `mipLevels` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-subresource-01723
  The `subresource.arrayLayer` member of each element of `pBinds` must be less than the `arrayLayers` specified in VkImageCreateInfo when `image` was created

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-image-02901
  `image` must have been created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` set

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-image-parameter
  `image` must be a valid VkImage handle

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-pBinds-parameter
  `pBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindCount` valid VkSparseImageMemoryBind structures

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo-bindCount-arraylength
  `bindCount` must be greater than `0`

The `VkSparseImageMemoryBind` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkSparseImageMemoryBind {
        VkImageSubresource         subresource;
        VkOffset3D                 offset;
        VkExtent3D                 extent;
        VkDeviceMemory             memory;
        VkDeviceSize               memoryOffset;
        VkSparseMemoryBindFlags    flags;
    } VkSparseImageMemoryBind;

- `subresource` is the image aspect and region of interest in the image.

- `offset` are the coordinates of the first texel within the image subresource to bind.

- `extent` is the size in texels of the region within the image subresource to bind. The extent must be a multiple of the sparse image block dimensions, except when binding sparse image blocks along the edge of an image subresource it can instead be such that any coordinate of `offset` + `extent` equals the corresponding dimensions of the image subresource.

- `memory` is the VkDeviceMemory object that the sparse image blocks of the image are bound to. If `memory` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, the sparse image blocks are unbound.

- `memoryOffset` is an offset into VkDeviceMemory object. If `memory` is VK_NULL_HANDLE, this value is ignored.

- `flags` are sparse memory binding flags.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-memory-01104
  If the sparse aliased residency feature is not enabled, and if any other resources are bound to ranges of `memory`, the range of `memory` being bound must not overlap with those bound ranges

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-memory-01105
  `memory` and `memoryOffset` must match the memory requirements of the calling command’s `image`, as described in section Resource Memory Association

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-subresource-01106
  `subresource` must be a valid image subresource for `image` (see Image Views)

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-offset-01107
  `offset.x` must be a multiple of the sparse image block width (`VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity.width`) of the image

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-extent-01108
  `extent.width` must either be a multiple of the sparse image block width of the image, or else (`extent.width` + `offset.x`) must equal the width of the image subresource

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-offset-01109
  `offset.y` must be a multiple of the sparse image block height (`VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity.height`) of the image

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-extent-01110
  `extent.height` must either be a multiple of the sparse image block height of the image, or else (`extent.height` + `offset.y`) must equal the height of the image subresource

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-offset-01111
  `offset.z` must be a multiple of the sparse image block depth (`VkSparseImageFormatProperties`::`imageGranularity.depth`) of the image

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-extent-01112
  `extent.depth` must either be a multiple of the sparse image block depth of the image, or else (`extent.depth` + `offset.z`) must equal the depth of the image subresource

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-memory-02732
  If `memory` was created with VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo::`handleTypes` not equal to `0`, at least one handle type it contained must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when the image was created

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-memory-02733
  If `memory` was created by a memory import operation, the external handle type of the imported memory must also have been set in VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo::`handleTypes` when `image` was created

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-subresource-parameter
  `subresource` must be a valid VkImageSubresource structure

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-memory-parameter
  If `memory` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `memory` must be a valid VkDeviceMemory handle

- VUID-VkSparseImageMemoryBind-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits values

To submit sparse binding operations to a queue, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkQueueBindSparse(
        VkQueue                                     queue,
        uint32_t                                    bindInfoCount,
        const VkBindSparseInfo*                     pBindInfo,
        VkFence                                     fence);

- `queue` is the queue that the sparse binding operations will be submitted to.

- `bindInfoCount` is the number of elements in the `pBindInfo` array.

- `pBindInfo` is a pointer to an array of VkBindSparseInfo structures, each specifying a sparse binding submission batch.

- `fence` is an optional handle to a fence to be signaled. If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, it defines a fence signal operation.

`vkQueueBindSparse` is a queue submission command, with each batch defined by an element of `pBindInfo` as a VkBindSparseInfo structure. Batches begin execution in the order they appear in `pBindInfo`, but may complete out of order.

Within a batch, a given range of a resource must not be bound more than once. Across batches, if a range is to be bound to one allocation and offset and then to another allocation and offset, then the application must guarantee (usually using semaphores) that the binding operations are executed in the correct order, as well as to order binding operations against the execution of command buffer submissions.

As no operation to vkQueueBindSparse causes any pipeline stage to access memory, synchronization primitives used in this command effectively only define execution dependencies.

Additional information about fence and semaphore operation is described in the synchronization chapter.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-fence-01113
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must be unsignaled

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-fence-01114
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must not be associated with any other queue command that has not yet completed execution on that queue

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-pSignalSemaphores-01115
  Each element of the `pSignalSemaphores` member of each element of `pBindInfo` must be unsignaled when the semaphore signal operation it defines is executed on the device

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-pWaitSemaphores-01116
  When a semaphore wait operation referring to a binary semaphore defined by any element of the `pWaitSemaphores` member of any element of `pBindInfo` executes on `queue`, there must be no other queues waiting on the same semaphore

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-pWaitSemaphores-01117
  All elements of the `pWaitSemaphores` member of all elements of the `pBindInfo` parameter referring to a binary semaphore must be semaphores that are signaled, or have semaphore signal operations previously submitted for execution

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-pWaitSemaphores-03245
  All elements of the `pWaitSemaphores` member of all elements of `pBindInfo` created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY` must reference a semaphore signal operation that has been submitted for execution and any semaphore signal operations on which it depends (if any) must have also been submitted for execution

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-queue-parameter
  `queue` must be a valid VkQueue handle

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-pBindInfo-parameter
  If `bindInfoCount` is not `0`, `pBindInfo` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindInfoCount` valid VkBindSparseInfo structures

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-fence-parameter
  If `fence` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `fence` must be a valid VkFence handle

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-queuetype
  The `queue` must support sparse binding operations

- VUID-vkQueueBindSparse-commonparent
  Both of `fence`, and `queue` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `queue` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to `fence` must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Supported Queue Types
--- | --- | ---
- | - | SPARSE_BINDING

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST`

The `VkBindSparseInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkBindSparseInfo {
        VkStructureType                             sType;
        const void*                                 pNext;
        uint32_t                                    waitSemaphoreCount;
        const VkSemaphore*                          pWaitSemaphores;
        uint32_t                                    bufferBindCount;
        const VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo*         pBufferBinds;
        uint32_t                                    imageOpaqueBindCount;
        const VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo*    pImageOpaqueBinds;
        uint32_t                                    imageBindCount;
        const VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo*          pImageBinds;
        uint32_t                                    signalSemaphoreCount;
        const VkSemaphore*                          pSignalSemaphores;
    } VkBindSparseInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `waitSemaphoreCount` is the number of semaphores upon which to wait before executing the sparse binding operations for the batch.

- `pWaitSemaphores` is a pointer to an array of semaphores upon which to wait on before the sparse binding operations for this batch begin execution. If semaphores to wait on are provided, they define a semaphore wait operation.

- `bufferBindCount` is the number of sparse buffer bindings to perform in the batch.

- `pBufferBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo structures.

- `imageOpaqueBindCount` is the number of opaque sparse image bindings to perform.

- `pImageOpaqueBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo structures, indicating opaque sparse image bindings to perform.

- `imageBindCount` is the number of sparse image bindings to perform.

- `pImageBinds` is a pointer to an array of VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo structures, indicating sparse image bindings to perform.

- `signalSemaphoreCount` is the number of semaphores to be signaled once the sparse binding operations specified by the structure have completed execution.

- `pSignalSemaphores` is a pointer to an array of semaphores which will be signaled when the sparse binding operations for this batch have completed execution. If semaphores to be signaled are provided, they define a semaphore signal operation.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pWaitSemaphores-03246
  If any element of `pWaitSemaphores` or `pSignalSemaphores` was created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` then the `pNext` chain must include a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pNext-03247
  If the `pNext` chain of this structure includes a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure and any element of `pWaitSemaphores` was created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` then its `waitSemaphoreValueCount` member must equal `waitSemaphoreCount`

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pNext-03248
  If the `pNext` chain of this structure includes a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure and any element of `pSignalSemaphores` was created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` then its `signalSemaphoreValueCount` member must equal `signalSemaphoreCount`

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pSignalSemaphores-03249
  For each element of `pSignalSemaphores` created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` the corresponding element of VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`pSignalSemaphoreValues` must have a value greater than the current value of the semaphore when the semaphore signal operation is executed

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pWaitSemaphores-03250
  For each element of `pWaitSemaphores` created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` the corresponding element of VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`pWaitSemaphoreValues` must have a value which does not differ from the current value of the semaphore or from the value of any outstanding semaphore wait or signal operation on that semaphore by more than `maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference`

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pSignalSemaphores-03251
  For each element of `pSignalSemaphores` created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` the corresponding element of VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo::`pSignalSemaphoreValues` must have a value which does not differ from the current value of the semaphore or from the value of any outstanding semaphore wait or signal operation on that semaphore by more than `maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_SPARSE_INFO`

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo or VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pWaitSemaphores-parameter
  If `waitSemaphoreCount` is not `0`, `pWaitSemaphores` must be a valid pointer to an array of `waitSemaphoreCount` valid VkSemaphore handles

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pBufferBinds-parameter
  If `bufferBindCount` is not `0`, `pBufferBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bufferBindCount` valid VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo structures

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pImageOpaqueBinds-parameter
  If `imageOpaqueBindCount` is not `0`, `pImageOpaqueBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `imageOpaqueBindCount` valid VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo structures

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pImageBinds-parameter
  If `imageBindCount` is not `0`, `pImageBinds` must be a valid pointer to an array of `imageBindCount` valid VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo structures

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-pSignalSemaphores-parameter
  If `signalSemaphoreCount` is not `0`, `pSignalSemaphores` must be a valid pointer to an array of `signalSemaphoreCount` valid VkSemaphore handles

- VUID-VkBindSparseInfo-commonparent
  Both of the elements of `pSignalSemaphores`, and the elements of `pWaitSemaphores` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

To specify the values to use when waiting for and signaling semaphores created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`, add a VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkBindSparseInfo structure.

If the `pNext` chain of VkBindSparseInfo includes a `VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo` structure, then that structure includes device indices specifying which instance of the resources and memory are bound.

The `VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        uint32_t           resourceDeviceIndex;
        uint32_t           memoryDeviceIndex;
    } VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `resourceDeviceIndex` is a device index indicating which instance of the resource is bound.

- `memoryDeviceIndex` is a device index indicating which instance of the memory the resource instance is bound to.

These device indices apply to all buffer and image memory binds included in the batch pointing to this structure. The semaphore waits and signals for the batch are executed only by the physical device specified by the `resourceDeviceIndex`.

If this structure is not present, `resourceDeviceIndex` and `memoryDeviceIndex` are assumed to be zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo-resourceDeviceIndex-01118
  `resourceDeviceIndex` and `memoryDeviceIndex` must both be valid device indices

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo-memoryDeviceIndex-01119
  Each memory allocation bound in this batch must have allocated an instance for `memoryDeviceIndex`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_BIND_SPARSE_INFO`

## 30. Private Data

The private data extension provides a way for users to associate arbitrary user defined data with Vulkan objects. This association is accomplished by storing 64-bit unsigned integers of user defined data in private data slots.

An application can reserve private data slots at device creation. To reserve private data slots, insert a VkDevicePrivateDataCreateInfo in the `pNext` chain in VkDeviceCreateInfo before device creation. Multiple VkDevicePrivateDataCreateInfo structures can be chained together, and the sum of the requested slots will be reserved. This is an exception to the specified valid usage for structure pointer chains. Reserving slots in this manner is not strictly necessary but it may improve performance.

Private data slots are represented by `VkPrivateDataSlot` handles:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(VkPrivateDataSlot)

To create a private data slot, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    VkResult vkCreatePrivateDataSlot(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        const VkPrivateDataSlotCreateInfo*          pCreateInfo,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator,
        VkPrivateDataSlot*                          pPrivateDataSlot);

- `device` is the logical device associated with the creation of the object(s) holding the private data slot.

- `pCreateInfo` is a pointer to a `VkPrivateDataSlotCreateInfo`

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `pPrivateDataSlot` is a pointer to a VkPrivateDataSlot handle in which the resulting private data slot is returned

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCreatePrivateDataSlot-privateData-04564
  The `privateData` feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCreatePrivateDataSlot-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkCreatePrivateDataSlot-pCreateInfo-parameter
  `pCreateInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPrivateDataSlotCreateInfo structure

- VUID-vkCreatePrivateDataSlot-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkCreatePrivateDataSlot-pPrivateDataSlot-parameter
  `pPrivateDataSlot` must be a valid pointer to a VkPrivateDataSlot handle

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

The `VkPrivateDataSlotCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPrivateDataSlotCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                 sType;
        const void*                     pNext;
        VkPrivateDataSlotCreateFlags    flags;
    } VkPrivateDataSlotCreateInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPrivateDataSlotCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRIVATE_DATA_SLOT_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPrivateDataSlotCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPrivateDataSlotCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef VkFlags VkPrivateDataSlotCreateFlags;

`VkPrivateDataSlotCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

To destroy a private data slot, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkDestroyPrivateDataSlot(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkPrivateDataSlot                           privateDataSlot,
        const VkAllocationCallbacks*                pAllocator);

- `device` is the logical device associated with the creation of the object(s) holding the private data slot.

- `pAllocator` controls host memory allocation as described in the Memory Allocation chapter.

- `privateDataSlot` is the private data slot to destroy.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkDestroyPrivateDataSlot-privateDataSlot-04062
  If `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `privateDataSlot` was created, a compatible set of callbacks must be provided here

- VUID-vkDestroyPrivateDataSlot-privateDataSlot-04063
  If no `VkAllocationCallbacks` were provided when `privateDataSlot` was created, `pAllocator` must be `NULL`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkDestroyPrivateDataSlot-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkDestroyPrivateDataSlot-privateDataSlot-parameter
  If `privateDataSlot` is not VK_NULL_HANDLE, `privateDataSlot` must be a valid VkPrivateDataSlot handle

- VUID-vkDestroyPrivateDataSlot-pAllocator-parameter
  If `pAllocator` is not `NULL`, `pAllocator` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkAllocationCallbacks structure

- VUID-vkDestroyPrivateDataSlot-privateDataSlot-parent
  If `privateDataSlot` is a valid handle, it must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `privateDataSlot` must be externally synchronized

To store user defined data in a slot associated with a Vulkan object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    VkResult vkSetPrivateData(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkObjectType                                objectType,
        uint64_t                                    objectHandle,
        VkPrivateDataSlot                           privateDataSlot,
        uint64_t                                    data);

- `device` is the device that created the object.

- `objectType` is a VkObjectType specifying the type of object to associate data with.

- `objectHandle` is a handle to the object to associate data with.

- `privateDataSlot` is a handle to a VkPrivateDataSlot specifying location of private data storage.

- `data` is user defined data to associate the object with. This data will be stored at `privateDataSlot`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkSetPrivateData-objectHandle-04016
  `objectHandle` must be `device` or a child of `device`

- VUID-vkSetPrivateData-objectHandle-04017
  `objectHandle` must be a valid handle to an object of type `objectType`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkSetPrivateData-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkSetPrivateData-objectType-parameter
  `objectType` must be a valid VkObjectType value

- VUID-vkSetPrivateData-privateDataSlot-parameter
  `privateDataSlot` must be a valid VkPrivateDataSlot handle

- VUID-vkSetPrivateData-privateDataSlot-parent
  `privateDataSlot` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

To retrieve user defined data from a slot associated with a Vulkan object, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkGetPrivateData(
        VkDevice                                    device,
        VkObjectType                                objectType,
        uint64_t                                    objectHandle,
        VkPrivateDataSlot                           privateDataSlot,
        uint64_t*                                   pData);

- `device` is the device that created the object

- `objectType` is a VkObjectType specifying the type of object data is associated with.

- `objectHandle` is a handle to the object data is associated with.

- `privateDataSlot` is a handle to a VkPrivateDataSlot specifying location of private data pointer storage.

- `pData` is a pointer to specify where user data is returned. `0` will be written in the absence of a previous call to `vkSetPrivateData` using the object specified by `objectHandle`.

| Note Due to platform details on Android, implementations might not be able to reliably return `0` from calls to `vkGetPrivateData` for `VkSwapchainKHR` objects on which `vkSetPrivateData` has not previously been called. This erratum is exclusive to the Android platform and objects of type `VkSwapchainKHR`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkGetPrivateData-objectType-04018
  `objectType` must be `VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE`, or an object type whose parent is VkDevice

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPrivateData-device-parameter
  `device` must be a valid VkDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPrivateData-objectType-parameter
  `objectType` must be a valid VkObjectType value

- VUID-vkGetPrivateData-privateDataSlot-parameter
  `privateDataSlot` must be a valid VkPrivateDataSlot handle

- VUID-vkGetPrivateData-pData-parameter
  `pData` must be a valid pointer to a `uint64_t` value

- VUID-vkGetPrivateData-privateDataSlot-parent
  `privateDataSlot` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from `device`

## 31. Extending Vulkan

New functionality may be added to Vulkan via either new extensions or new versions of the core, or new versions of an extension in some cases.

This chapter describes how Vulkan is versioned, how compatibility is affected between different versions, and compatibility rules that are followed by the Vulkan Working Group.

### 31.1. Instance and Device Functionality

Commands that enumerate instance properties, or that accept a VkInstance object as a parameter, are considered instance-level functionality. Commands that enumerate physical device properties, or that accept a VkDevice object or any of a device’s child objects as a parameter, are considered device-level functionality.

| Note Applications usually interface to Vulkan using a loader that implements only instance-level functionality, passing device-level functionality to implementations of the full Vulkan API on the system. In some circumstances, as these may be implemented independently, it is possible that the loader and device implementations on a given installation will support different versions. To allow for this and call out when it happens, the Vulkan specification enumerates device and instance level functionality separately - they have independent version queries.

| Note Vulkan 1.0 initially specified new physical device enumeration functionality as instance-level, requiring it to be included in an instance extension. As the capabilities of device-level functionality require discovery via physical device enumeration, this led to the situation where many device extensions required an instance extension as well. To alleviate this extra work, ``VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2`` (and subsequently Vulkan 1.1) redefined device-level functionality to include physical device enumeration.

### 31.2. Core Versions

The Vulkan Specification is regularly updated with bug fixes and clarifications. Occasionally new functionality is added to the core and at some point it is expected that there will be a desire to perform a large, breaking change to the API. In order to indicate to developers how and when these changes are made to the specification, and to provide a way to identify each set of changes, the Vulkan API maintains a version number.

#### 31.2.1. Version Numbers

The Vulkan version number comprises four parts indicating the variant, major, minor and patch version of the Vulkan API Specification.

The variant indicates the variant of the Vulkan API supported by the implementation. This is always 0 for the Vulkan API.

| Note A non-zero variant indicates the API is a variant of the Vulkan API and applications will typically need to be modified to run against it. The variant field was a later addition to the version number, added in version 1.2.175 of the Specification. As Vulkan uses variant 0, this change is fully backwards compatible with the previous version number format for Vulkan implementations. New version number macros have been added for this change and the old macros deprecated. For existing applications using the older format and macros, an implementation with non-zero variant will decode as a very high Vulkan version. The high version number should be detectable by applications performing suitable version checking.

The major version indicates a significant change in the API, which will encompass a wholly new version of the specification.

The minor version indicates the incorporation of new functionality into the core specification.

The patch version indicates bug fixes, clarifications, and language improvements have been incorporated into the specification.

Compatibility guarantees made about versions of the API sharing any of the same version numbers are documented in Core Versions

The version number is used in several places in the API. In each such use, the version numbers are packed into a 32-bit integer as follows:

- The variant is a 3-bit integer packed into bits 31-29.

- The major version is a 7-bit integer packed into bits 28-22.

- The minor version number is a 10-bit integer packed into bits 21-12.

- The patch version number is a 12-bit integer packed into bits 11-0.

`VK_API_VERSION_VARIANT` extracts the API variant number from a packed version number:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    #define VK_API_VERSION_VARIANT(version) ((uint32_t)(version) >> 29)

`VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR` extracts the API major version number from a packed version number:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    #define VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR(version) (((uint32_t)(version) >> 22) & 0x7FU)

`VK_VERSION_MAJOR` extracts the API major version number from a packed version number:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    // DEPRECATED: This define is deprecated. VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR should be used instead.
    #define VK_VERSION_MAJOR(version) ((uint32_t)(version) >> 22)

`VK_API_VERSION_MINOR` extracts the API minor version number from a packed version number:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    #define VK_API_VERSION_MINOR(version) (((uint32_t)(version) >> 12) & 0x3FFU)

`VK_VERSION_MINOR` extracts the API minor version number from a packed version number:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    // DEPRECATED: This define is deprecated. VK_API_VERSION_MINOR should be used instead.
    #define VK_VERSION_MINOR(version) (((uint32_t)(version) >> 12) & 0x3FFU)

`VK_API_VERSION_PATCH` extracts the API patch version number from a packed version number:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    #define VK_API_VERSION_PATCH(version) ((uint32_t)(version) & 0xFFFU)

`VK_VERSION_PATCH` extracts the API patch version number from a packed version number:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    // DEPRECATED: This define is deprecated. VK_API_VERSION_PATCH should be used instead.
    #define VK_VERSION_PATCH(version) ((uint32_t)(version) & 0xFFFU)

`VK_MAKE_API_VERSION` constructs an API version number.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    #define VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(variant, major, minor, patch) \
        ((((uint32_t)(variant)) << 29) | (((uint32_t)(major)) << 22) | (((uint32_t)(minor)) << 12) | ((uint32_t)(patch)))

- `variant` is the variant number.

- `major` is the major version number.

- `minor` is the minor version number.

- `patch` is the patch version number.

`VK_MAKE_VERSION` constructs an API version number.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    // DEPRECATED: This define is deprecated. VK_MAKE_API_VERSION should be used instead.
    #define VK_MAKE_VERSION(major, minor, patch) \
        ((((uint32_t)(major)) << 22) | (((uint32_t)(minor)) << 12) | ((uint32_t)(patch)))

- `major` is the major version number.

- `minor` is the minor version number.

- `patch` is the patch version number.

`VK_API_VERSION_1_0` returns the API version number for Vulkan 1.0.0.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    // Vulkan 1.0 version number
    #define VK_API_VERSION_1_0 VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 0, 0)// Patch version should always be set to 0

`VK_API_VERSION_1_1` returns the API version number for Vulkan 1.1.0.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    // Vulkan 1.1 version number
    #define VK_API_VERSION_1_1 VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 1, 0)// Patch version should always be set to 0

`VK_API_VERSION_1_2` returns the API version number for Vulkan 1.2.0.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    // Vulkan 1.2 version number
    #define VK_API_VERSION_1_2 VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 2, 0)// Patch version should always be set to 0

`VK_API_VERSION_1_3` returns the API version number for Vulkan 1.3.0.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    // Vulkan 1.3 version number
    #define VK_API_VERSION_1_3 VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 3, 0)// Patch version should always be set to 0

#### 31.2.2. Querying Version Support

The version of instance-level functionality can be queried by calling vkEnumerateInstanceVersion.

The version of device-level functionality can be queried by calling vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties or vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, and is returned in VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion`, encoded as described in Version Numbers.

### 31.3. Layers

When a layer is enabled, it inserts itself into the call chain for Vulkan commands the layer is interested in. Layers can be used for a variety of tasks that extend the base behavior of Vulkan beyond what is required by the specification - such as call logging, tracing, validation, or providing additional extensions.

| Note For example, an implementation is not expected to check that the value of enums used by the application fall within allowed ranges. Instead, a validation layer would do those checks and flag issues. This avoids a performance penalty during production use of the application because those layers would not be enabled in production.

| Note Vulkan layers may wrap object handles (i.e. return a different handle value to the application than that generated by the implementation). This is generally discouraged, as it increases the probability of incompatibilities with new extensions. The validation layers wrap handles in order to track the proper use and destruction of each object. See the “Architecture of the Vulkan Loader Interfaces” document for additional information.

To query the available layers, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(
        uint32_t*                                   pPropertyCount,
        VkLayerProperties*                          pProperties);

- `pPropertyCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of layer properties available or queried, as described below.

- `pProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkLayerProperties structures.

If `pProperties` is `NULL`, then the number of layer properties available is returned in `pPropertyCount`. Otherwise, `pPropertyCount` must point to a variable set by the user to the number of elements in the `pProperties` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to `pProperties`. If `pPropertyCount` is less than the number of layer properties available, at most `pPropertyCount` structures will be written, and `VK_INCOMPLETE` will be returned instead of `VK_SUCCESS`, to indicate that not all the available properties were returned.

The list of available layers may change at any time due to actions outside of the Vulkan implementation, so two calls to `vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties` with the same parameters may return different results, or retrieve different `pPropertyCount` values or `pProperties` contents. Once an instance has been created, the layers enabled for that instance will continue to be enabled and valid for the lifetime of that instance, even if some of them become unavailable for future instances.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties-pPropertyCount-parameter
  `pPropertyCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties-pProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPropertyCount` is not `0`, and `pProperties` is not `NULL`, `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPropertyCount` VkLayerProperties structures

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_INCOMPLETE`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `VkLayerProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkLayerProperties {
        char        layerName[VK_MAX_EXTENSION_NAME_SIZE];
        uint32_t    specVersion;
        uint32_t    implementationVersion;
        char        description[VK_MAX_DESCRIPTION_SIZE];
    } VkLayerProperties;

- `layerName` is an array of `VK_MAX_EXTENSION_NAME_SIZE` `char` containing a null-terminated UTF-8 string which is the name of the layer. Use this name in the `ppEnabledLayerNames` array passed in the VkInstanceCreateInfo structure to enable this layer for an instance.

- `specVersion` is the Vulkan version the layer was written to, encoded as described in Version Numbers.

- `implementationVersion` is the version of this layer. It is an integer, increasing with backward compatible changes.

- `description` is an array of `VK_MAX_DESCRIPTION_SIZE` `char` containing a null-terminated UTF-8 string which provides additional details that can be used by the application to identify the layer.

`VK_MAX_EXTENSION_NAME_SIZE` is the length in `char` values of an array containing a layer or extension name string, as returned in VkLayerProperties::layerName, VkExtensionProperties::extensionName, and other queries.

    #define VK_MAX_EXTENSION_NAME_SIZE        256U

`VK_MAX_DESCRIPTION_SIZE` is the length in `char` values of an array containing a string with additional descriptive information about a query, as returned in VkLayerProperties::description and other queries.

    #define VK_MAX_DESCRIPTION_SIZE           256U

To enable a layer, the name of the layer should be added to the `ppEnabledLayerNames` member of VkInstanceCreateInfo when creating a `VkInstance`.

Loader implementations may provide mechanisms outside the Vulkan API for enabling specific layers. Layers enabled through such a mechanism are implicitly enabled, while layers enabled by including the layer name in the `ppEnabledLayerNames` member of VkInstanceCreateInfo are explicitly enabled. Implicitly enabled layers are loaded before explicitly enabled layers, such that implicitly enabled layers are closer to the application, and explicitly enabled layers are closer to the driver. Except where otherwise specified, implicitly enabled and explicitly enabled layers differ only in the way they are enabled, and the order in which they are loaded. Explicitly enabling a layer that is implicitly enabled results in this layer being loaded as an implicitly enabled layer; it has no additional effect.

#### 31.3.1. Device Layer Deprecation

Previous versions of this specification distinguished between instance and device layers. Instance layers were only able to intercept commands that operate on `VkInstance` and `VkPhysicalDevice`, except they were not able to intercept vkCreateDevice. Device layers were enabled for individual devices when they were created, and could only intercept commands operating on that device or its child objects.

Device-only layers are now deprecated, and this specification no longer distinguishes between instance and device layers. Layers are enabled during instance creation, and are able to intercept all commands operating on that instance or any of its child objects. At the time of deprecation there were no known device-only layers and no compelling reason to create one.

In order to maintain compatibility with implementations released prior to device-layer deprecation, applications should still enumerate and enable device layers. The behavior of `vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties` and valid usage of the `ppEnabledLayerNames` member of VkDeviceCreateInfo maximizes compatibility with applications written to work with the previous requirements.

To enumerate device layers, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        uint32_t*                                   pPropertyCount,
        VkLayerProperties*                          pProperties);

- `pPropertyCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of layer properties available or queried.

- `pProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkLayerProperties structures.

If `pProperties` is `NULL`, then the number of layer properties available is returned in `pPropertyCount`. Otherwise, `pPropertyCount` must point to a variable set by the user to the number of elements in the `pProperties` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to `pProperties`. If `pPropertyCount` is less than the number of layer properties available, at most `pPropertyCount` structures will be written, and `VK_INCOMPLETE` will be returned instead of `VK_SUCCESS`, to indicate that not all the available properties were returned.

The list of layers enumerated by `vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties` must be exactly the sequence of layers enabled for the instance. The members of `VkLayerProperties` for each enumerated layer must be the same as the properties when the layer was enumerated by `vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties-pPropertyCount-parameter
  `pPropertyCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties-pProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPropertyCount` is not `0`, and `pProperties` is not `NULL`, `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPropertyCount` VkLayerProperties structures

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_INCOMPLETE`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

The `ppEnabledLayerNames` and `enabledLayerCount` members of VkDeviceCreateInfo are deprecated and their values must be ignored by implementations. However, for compatibility, only an empty list of layers or a list that exactly matches the sequence enabled at instance creation time are valid, and validation layers should issue diagnostics for other cases.

Regardless of the enabled layer list provided in VkDeviceCreateInfo, the sequence of layers active for a device will be exactly the sequence of layers enabled when the parent instance was created.

### 31.4. Extensions

Extensions may define new Vulkan commands, structures, and enumerants. For compilation purposes, the interfaces defined by registered extensions, including new structures and enumerants as well as function pointer types for new commands, are defined in the Khronos-supplied `vulkan_core.h` together with the core API. However, commands defined by extensions may not be available for static linking - in which case function pointers to these commands should be queried at runtime as described in Command Function Pointers. Extensions may be provided by layers as well as by a Vulkan implementation.

Because extensions may extend or change the behavior of the Vulkan API, extension authors should add support for their extensions to the Khronos validation layers. This is especially important for new commands whose parameters have been wrapped by the validation layers. See the “Architecture of the Vulkan Loader Interfaces” document for additional information.

| Note To enable an instance extension, the name of the extension can be added to the `ppEnabledExtensionNames` member of VkInstanceCreateInfo when creating a `VkInstance`. To enable a device extension, the name of the extension can be added to the `ppEnabledExtensionNames` member of VkDeviceCreateInfo when creating a `VkDevice`. Physical-Device-Level functionality does not have any enabling mechanism and can be used as long as the VkPhysicalDevice supports the device extension as determined by vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties. Enabling an extension (with no further use of that extension) does not change the behavior of functionality exposed by the core Vulkan API or any other extension, other than making valid the use of the commands, enums and structures defined by that extension. Valid Usage sections for individual commands and structures do not currently contain which extensions have to be enabled in order to make their use valid, although they might do so in the future. It is defined only in the Valid Usage for Extensions section.

#### 31.4.1. Instance Extensions

Instance extensions add new instance-level functionality to the API, outside of the core specification.

To query the available instance extensions, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(
        const char*                                 pLayerName,
        uint32_t*                                   pPropertyCount,
        VkExtensionProperties*                      pProperties);

- `pLayerName` is either `NULL` or a pointer to a null-terminated UTF-8 string naming the layer to retrieve extensions from.

- `pPropertyCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of extension properties available or queried, as described below.

- `pProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkExtensionProperties structures.

When `pLayerName` parameter is `NULL`, only extensions provided by the Vulkan implementation or by implicitly enabled layers are returned. When `pLayerName` is the name of a layer, the instance extensions provided by that layer are returned.

If `pProperties` is `NULL`, then the number of extensions properties available is returned in `pPropertyCount`. Otherwise, `pPropertyCount` must point to a variable set by the user to the number of elements in the `pProperties` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to `pProperties`. If `pPropertyCount` is less than the number of extension properties available, at most `pPropertyCount` structures will be written, and `VK_INCOMPLETE` will be returned instead of `VK_SUCCESS`, to indicate that not all the available properties were returned.

Because the list of available layers may change externally between calls to vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties, two calls may retrieve different results if a `pLayerName` is available in one call but not in another. The extensions supported by a layer may also change between two calls, e.g. if the layer implementation is replaced by a different version between those calls.

Implementations must not advertise any pair of extensions that cannot be enabled together due to behavioral differences, or any extension that cannot be enabled against the advertised version.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties-pLayerName-parameter
  If `pLayerName` is not `NULL`, `pLayerName` must be a null-terminated UTF-8 string

- VUID-vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties-pPropertyCount-parameter
  `pPropertyCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties-pProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPropertyCount` is not `0`, and `pProperties` is not `NULL`, `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPropertyCount` VkExtensionProperties structures

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_INCOMPLETE`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT`

#### 31.4.2. Device Extensions

Device extensions add new device-level functionality to the API, outside of the core specification.

To query the extensions available to a given physical device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        const char*                                 pLayerName,
        uint32_t*                                   pPropertyCount,
        VkExtensionProperties*                      pProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device that will be queried.

- `pLayerName` is either `NULL` or a pointer to a null-terminated UTF-8 string naming the layer to retrieve extensions from.

- `pPropertyCount` is a pointer to an integer related to the number of extension properties available or queried, and is treated in the same fashion as the vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties::`pPropertyCount` parameter.

- `pProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkExtensionProperties structures.

When `pLayerName` parameter is `NULL`, only extensions provided by the Vulkan implementation or by implicitly enabled layers are returned. When `pLayerName` is the name of a layer, the device extensions provided by that layer are returned.

Implementations must not advertise any pair of extensions that cannot be enabled together due to behavioral differences, or any extension that cannot be enabled against the advertised version.

Implementations claiming support for the Roadmap 2022 profile must advertise the `VK_KHR_global_priority` extension in `pProperties`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties-pLayerName-parameter
  If `pLayerName` is not `NULL`, `pLayerName` must be a null-terminated UTF-8 string

- VUID-vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties-pPropertyCount-parameter
  `pPropertyCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties-pProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pPropertyCount` is not `0`, and `pProperties` is not `NULL`, `pProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pPropertyCount` VkExtensionProperties structures

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_INCOMPLETE`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT`

The `VkExtensionProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkExtensionProperties {
        char        extensionName[VK_MAX_EXTENSION_NAME_SIZE];
        uint32_t    specVersion;
    } VkExtensionProperties;

- `extensionName` is an array of `VK_MAX_EXTENSION_NAME_SIZE` `char` containing a null-terminated UTF-8 string which is the name of the extension.

- `specVersion` is the version of this extension. It is an integer, incremented with backward compatible changes.

### 31.5. Extension Dependencies

Some extensions are dependent on other extensions, or on specific core API versions, to function. To enable extensions with dependencies, any required extensions must also be enabled through the same API mechanisms when creating an instance with vkCreateInstance or a device with vkCreateDevice. Each extension which has such dependencies documents them in the appendix summarizing that extension.

If an extension is supported (as queried by vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties or vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties), then required extensions of that extension must also be supported for the same instance or physical device.

Any device extension that has an instance extension dependency that is not enabled by vkCreateInstance is considered to be unsupported, hence it must not be returned by vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties for any VkPhysicalDevice child of the instance. Instance extensions do not have dependencies on device extensions.

If a required extension has been promoted to another extension or to a core API version, then as a general rule, the dependency is also satisfied by the promoted extension or core version. This will be true so long as any features required by the original extension are also required or enabled by the promoted extension or core version. However, in some cases an extension is promoted while making some of its features optional in the promoted extension or core version. In this case, the dependency may not be satisfied. The only way to be certain is to look at the descriptions of the original dependency and the promoted version in the Layers & Extensions and Core Revisions appendices.

| Note There is metadata in `vk.xml` describing some aspects of promotion, especially `requires`, `promotedto` and `deprecatedby` attributes of `<extension>` tags. However, the metadata does not yet fully describe this scenario. In the future, we may extend the XML schema to describe the full set of extensions and versions satisfying a dependency.

### 31.6. Compatibility Guarantees (Informative)

This section is marked as informal as there is no binding responsibility on implementations of the Vulkan API - these guarantees are however a contract between the Vulkan Working Group and developers using this Specification.

#### 31.6.1. Core Versions

Each of the major, minor, and patch versions of the Vulkan specification provide different compatibility guarantees.

##### Patch Versions

A difference in the patch version indicates that a set of bug fixes or clarifications have been made to the Specification. Informative enums returned by Vulkan commands that will not affect the runtime behavior of a valid application may be added in a patch version (e.g. VkVendorId).

The specification’s patch version is strictly increasing for a given major version of the specification; any change to a specification as described above will result in the patch version being increased by 1. Patch versions are applied to all minor versions, even if a given minor version is not affected by the provoking change.

Specifications with different patch versions but the same major and minor version are fully compatible with each other - such that a valid application written against one will work with an implementation of another.

| Note If a patch version includes a bug fix or clarification that could have a significant impact on developer expectations, these will be highlighted in the change log. Generally the Vulkan Working Group tries to avoid these kinds of changes, instead fixing them in either an extension or core version.

##### Minor Versions

Changes in the minor version of the specification indicate that new functionality has been added to the core specification. This will usually include new interfaces in the header, and may also include behavior changes and bug fixes. Core functionality may be deprecated in a minor version, but will not be obsoleted or removed.

The specification’s minor version is strictly increasing for a given major version of the specification; any change to a specification as described above will result in the minor version being increased by 1. Changes that can be accommodated in a patch version will not increase the minor version.

Specifications with a lower minor version are backwards compatible with an implementation of a specification with a higher minor version for core functionality and extensions issued with the KHR vendor tag. Vendor and multi-vendor extensions are not guaranteed to remain functional across minor versions, though in general they are with few exceptions - see Obsoletion for more information.

##### Major Versions

A difference in the major version of specifications indicates a large set of changes which will likely include interface changes, behavioral changes, removal of deprecated functionality, and the modification, addition, or replacement of other functionality.

The specification’s major version is monotonically increasing; any change to the specification as described above will result in the major version being increased. Changes that can be accommodated in a patch or minor version will not increase the major version.

The Vulkan Working Group intends to only issue a new major version of the Specification in order to realise significant improvements to the Vulkan API that will necessarily require breaking compatibility.

A new major version will likely include a wholly new version of the specification to be issued - which could include an overhaul of the versioning semantics for the minor and patch versions. The patch and minor versions of a specification are therefore not meaningful across major versions. If a major version of the specification includes similar versioning semantics, it is expected that the patch and the minor version will be reset to 0 for that major version.

#### 31.6.2. Extensions

A KHR extension must be able to be enabled alongside any other KHR extension, and for any minor or patch version of the core Specification beyond the minimum version it requires. A multi-vendor extension should be able to be enabled alongside any KHR extension or other multi-vendor extension, and for any minor or patch version of the core Specification beyond the minimum version it requires. A vendor extension should be able to be enabled alongside any KHR extension, multi-vendor extension, or other vendor extension from the same vendor, and for any minor or patch version of the core Specification beyond the minimum version it requires. A vendor extension may be able to be enabled alongside vendor extensions from another vendor.

The one other exception to this is if a vendor or multi-vendor extension is made obsolete by either a core version or another extension, which will be highlighted in the extension appendix.

##### Promotion

Extensions, or features of an extension, may be promoted to a new core version of the API, or a newer extension which an equal or greater number of implementors are in favour of.

When extension functionality is promoted, minor changes may be introduced, limited to the following:

- Naming

- Non-intrusive parameters changes

- Feature advertisement/enablement

- Combining structure parameters into larger structures

- Author ID suffixes changed or removed

| Note If extension functionality is promoted, there is no guarantee of direct compatibility, however it should require little effort to port code from the original feature to the promoted one. The Vulkan Working Group endeavours to ensure that larger changes are marked as either deprecated or obsoleted as appropriate, and can do so retroactively if necessary.

Extensions that are promoted are listed as being promoted in their extension appendices, with reference to where they were promoted to.

When an extension is promoted, any backwards compatibility aliases which exist in the extension will not be promoted.

| Note As a hypothetical example, if the ``VK_KHR_surface`` extension were promoted to part of a future core version, the `VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR` token defined by that extension would be promoted to `VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR`. However, the `VK_COLORSPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR` token aliases `VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR`. The `VK_COLORSPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR` would not be promoted, because it is a backwards compatibility alias that exists only due to a naming mistake when the extension was initially published.

##### Deprecation

Extensions may be marked as deprecated when the intended use cases either become irrelevant or can be solved in other ways. Generally, a new feature will become available to solve the use case in another extension or core version of the API, but it is not guaranteed.

| Note Features that are intended to replace deprecated functionality have no guarantees of compatibility, and applications may require drastic modification in order to make use of the new features.

Extensions that are deprecated are listed as being deprecated in their extension appendices, with an explanation of the deprecation and any features that are relevant.

##### Obsoletion

Occasionally, an extension will be marked as obsolete if a new version of the core API or a new extension is fundamentally incompatible with it. An obsoleted extension must not be used with the extension or core version that obsoleted it.

Extensions that are obsoleted are listed as being obsoleted in their extension appendices, with reference to what they were obsoleted by.

##### Aliases

When an extension is promoted or deprecated by a newer feature, some or all of its functionality may be replicated into the newer feature. Rather than duplication of all the documentation and definitions, the specification instead identifies the identical commands and types as aliases of one another. Each alias is mentioned together with the definition it aliases, with the older aliases marked as “equivalents”. Each alias of the same command has identical behavior, and each alias of the same type has identical meaning - they can be used interchangeably in an application with no compatibility issues.

| Note For promoted types, the aliased extension type is semantically identical to the new core type. The C99 headers simply `typedef` the older aliases to the promoted types. For promoted command aliases, however, there are two separate entry point definitions, due to the fact that the C99 ABI has no way to alias command definitions without resorting to macros. Calling via either entry point definition will produce identical behavior within the bounds of the specification, and should still invoke the same entry point in the implementation. Debug tools may use separate entry points with different debug behavior; to write the appropriate command name to an output log, for instance.

##### Special Use Extensions

Some extensions exist only to support a specific purpose or specific class of application. These are referred to as “special use extensions”. Use of these extensions in applications not meeting the special use criteria is not recommended.

Special use cases are restricted, and only those defined below are used to describe extensions:

Table 29. Extension Special Use Cases
Special Use | XML Tag | Full Description
--- | --- | ---
CAD support | cadsupport | Extension is intended to support specialized functionality used by CAD/CAM applications.
D3D support | d3demulation | Extension is intended to support D3D emulation layers, and applications ported from D3D, by adding functionality specific to D3D.
Developer tools | devtools | Extension is intended to support developer tools such as capture-replay libraries.
Debugging tools | debugging | Extension is intended for use by applications when debugging.
OpenGL / ES support | glemulation | Extension is intended to support OpenGL and/or OpenGL ES emulation layers, and applications ported from those APIs, by adding functionality specific to those APIs.

Special use extensions are identified in the metadata for each such extension in the Layers & Extensions appendix, using the name in the “Special Use” column above.

Special use extensions are also identified in `vk.xml` with the short name in “XML Tag” column above, as described in the “API Extensions (`extension` tag)” section of the registry schema documentation.

## 32. Features

Features describe functionality which is not supported on all implementations. Features are properties of the physical device. Features are optional, and must be explicitly enabled before use. Support for features is reported and enabled on a per-feature basis.

| Note Features are reported via the basic VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures structure, as well as the extensible structure `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2`, which was added in the ``VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2`` extension and included in Vulkan 1.1. When new features are added in future Vulkan versions or extensions, each extension should introduce one new feature structure, if needed. This structure can be added to the `pNext` chain of the `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` structure.

For convenience, new core versions of Vulkan may introduce new unified feature structures for features promoted from extensions. At the same time, the extension’s original feature structure (if any) is also promoted to the core API, and is an alias of the extension’s structure. This results in multiple names for the same feature: in the original extension’s feature structure and the promoted structure alias, in the unified feature structure. When a feature was implicitly supported and enabled in the extension, but an explicit name was added during promotion, then the extension itself acts as an alias for the feature as listed in the table below.

All aliases of the same feature in the core API must be reported consistently: either all must be reported as supported, or none of them. When a promoted extension is available, any corresponding feature aliases must be supported.

Table 30. Extension Feature Aliases
Extension | Feature(s)
--- | ---

To query supported features, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures*                   pFeatures);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the supported features.

- `pFeatures` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures structure in which the physical device features are returned. For each feature, a value of `VK_TRUE` specifies that the feature is supported on this physical device, and `VK_FALSE` specifies that the feature is not supported.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures-pFeatures-parameter
  `pFeatures` must be a valid pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures structure

Fine-grained features used by a logical device must be enabled at `VkDevice` creation time. If a feature is enabled that the physical device does not support, `VkDevice` creation will fail and return `VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT`.

The fine-grained features are enabled by passing a pointer to the `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures` structure via the `pEnabledFeatures` member of the VkDeviceCreateInfo structure that is passed into the `vkCreateDevice` call. If a member of `pEnabledFeatures` is set to `VK_TRUE` or `VK_FALSE`, then the device will be created with the indicated feature enabled or disabled, respectively. Features can also be enabled by using the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure.

If an application wishes to enable all features supported by a device, it can simply pass in the `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures` structure that was previously returned by `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures`. To disable an individual feature, the application can set the desired member to `VK_FALSE` in the same structure. Setting `pEnabledFeatures` to `NULL` and not including a VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo is equivalent to setting all members of the structure to `VK_FALSE`.

| Note Some features, such as `robustBufferAccess`, may incur a runtime performance cost. Application writers should carefully consider the implications of enabling all supported features.

To query supported features defined by the core or extensions, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2*                  pFeatures);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the supported features.

- `pFeatures` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure in which the physical device features are returned.

Each structure in `pFeatures` and its `pNext` chain contains members corresponding to fine-grained features. `vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` writes each member to a boolean value indicating whether that feature is supported.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2-pFeatures-parameter
  `pFeatures` must be a valid pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure

The `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        void*                       pNext;
        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures    features;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `features` is a VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures structure describing the fine-grained features of the Vulkan 1.0 API.

The `pNext` chain of this structure is used to extend the structure with features defined by extensions. This structure can be used in vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 or can be included in the `pNext` chain of a VkDeviceCreateInfo structure, in which case it controls which features are enabled in the device in lieu of `pEnabledFeatures`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures {
        VkBool32    robustBufferAccess;
        VkBool32    fullDrawIndexUint32;
        VkBool32    imageCubeArray;
        VkBool32    independentBlend;
        VkBool32    geometryShader;
        VkBool32    tessellationShader;
        VkBool32    sampleRateShading;
        VkBool32    dualSrcBlend;
        VkBool32    logicOp;
        VkBool32    multiDrawIndirect;
        VkBool32    drawIndirectFirstInstance;
        VkBool32    depthClamp;
        VkBool32    depthBiasClamp;
        VkBool32    fillModeNonSolid;
        VkBool32    depthBounds;
        VkBool32    wideLines;
        VkBool32    largePoints;
        VkBool32    alphaToOne;
        VkBool32    multiViewport;
        VkBool32    samplerAnisotropy;
        VkBool32    textureCompressionETC2;
        VkBool32    textureCompressionASTC_LDR;
        VkBool32    textureCompressionBC;
        VkBool32    occlusionQueryPrecise;
        VkBool32    pipelineStatisticsQuery;
        VkBool32    vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics;
        VkBool32    fragmentStoresAndAtomics;
        VkBool32    shaderTessellationAndGeometryPointSize;
        VkBool32    shaderImageGatherExtended;
        VkBool32    shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats;
        VkBool32    shaderStorageImageMultisample;
        VkBool32    shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat;
        VkBool32    shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat;
        VkBool32    shaderUniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing;
        VkBool32    shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing;
        VkBool32    shaderStorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing;
        VkBool32    shaderStorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing;
        VkBool32    shaderClipDistance;
        VkBool32    shaderCullDistance;
        VkBool32    shaderFloat64;
        VkBool32    shaderInt64;
        VkBool32    shaderInt16;
        VkBool32    shaderResourceResidency;
        VkBool32    shaderResourceMinLod;
        VkBool32    sparseBinding;
        VkBool32    sparseResidencyBuffer;
        VkBool32    sparseResidencyImage2D;
        VkBool32    sparseResidencyImage3D;
        VkBool32    sparseResidency2Samples;
        VkBool32    sparseResidency4Samples;
        VkBool32    sparseResidency8Samples;
        VkBool32    sparseResidency16Samples;
        VkBool32    sparseResidencyAliased;
        VkBool32    variableMultisampleRate;
        VkBool32    inheritedQueries;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures;

This structure describes the following features:

- `robustBufferAccess` specifies that accesses to buffers are bounds-checked against the range of the buffer descriptor (as determined by `VkDescriptorBufferInfo`::`range`, VkBufferViewCreateInfo::`range`, or the size of the buffer). Out of bounds accesses must not cause application termination, and the effects of shader loads, stores, and atomics must conform to an implementation-dependent behavior as described below.

  - A buffer access is considered to be out of bounds if any of the following are true:

    - The pointer was formed by `OpImageTexelPointer` and the coordinate is less than zero or greater than or equal to the number of whole elements in the bound range.

    - The pointer was not formed by `OpImageTexelPointer` and the object pointed to is not wholly contained within the bound range. This includes accesses performed via variable pointers where the buffer descriptor being accessed cannot be statically determined. Uninitialized pointers and pointers equal to `OpConstantNull` are treated as pointing to a zero-sized object, so all accesses through such pointers are considered to be out of bounds. Buffer accesses through buffer device addresses are not bounds-checked.

      | Note If a SPIR-V `OpLoad` instruction loads a structure and the tail end of the structure is out of bounds, then all members of the structure are considered out of bounds even if the members at the end are not statically used.

    - If any buffer access is determined to be out of bounds, then any other access of the same type (load, store, or atomic) to the same buffer that accesses an address less than 16 bytes away from the out of bounds address may also be considered out of bounds.

    - If the access is a load that reads from the same memory locations as a prior store in the same shader invocation, with no other intervening accesses to the same memory locations in that shader invocation, then the result of the load may be the value stored by the store instruction, even if the access is out of bounds. If the load is `Volatile`, then an out of bounds load must return the appropriate out of bounds value.

  - Out-of-bounds buffer loads will return any of the following values:

    - Values from anywhere within the memory range(s) bound to the buffer (possibly including bytes of memory past the end of the buffer, up to the end of the bound range).

    - Zero values, or (0,0,0,x) vectors for vector reads where x is a valid value represented in the type of the vector components and may be any of:

      - 0, 1, or the maximum representable positive integer value, for signed or unsigned integer components

      - 0.0 or 1.0, for floating-point components

  - Out-of-bounds writes may modify values within the memory range(s) bound to the buffer, but must not modify any other memory.

  - Out-of-bounds atomics may modify values within the memory range(s) bound to the buffer, but must not modify any other memory, and return an undefined value.

  - Vertex input attributes are considered out of bounds if the offset of the attribute in the bound vertex buffer range plus the size of the attribute is greater than either:

    - `vertexBufferRangeSize`, if `bindingStride` == 0; or

    - (`vertexBufferRangeSize` - (`vertexBufferRangeSize` % `bindingStride`))

    where `vertexBufferRangeSize` is the byte size of the memory range bound to the vertex buffer binding and `bindingStride` is the byte stride of the corresponding vertex input binding. Further, if any vertex input attribute using a specific vertex input binding is out of bounds, then all vertex input attributes using that vertex input binding for that vertex shader invocation are considered out of bounds.

    - If a vertex input attribute is out of bounds, it will be assigned one of the following values:

      - Values from anywhere within the memory range(s) bound to the buffer, converted according to the format of the attribute.

      - Zero values, format converted according to the format of the attribute.

      - Zero values, or (0,0,0,x) vectors, as described above.

  - If `robustBufferAccess` is not enabled, applications must not perform out of bounds accesses.

- `fullDrawIndexUint32` specifies the full 32-bit range of indices is supported for indexed draw calls when using a VkIndexType of `VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32`. `maxDrawIndexedIndexValue` is the maximum index value that may be used (aside from the primitive restart index, which is always 232-1 when the VkIndexType is `VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32`). If this feature is supported, `maxDrawIndexedIndexValue` must be 232-1; otherwise it must be no smaller than 224-1. See maxDrawIndexedIndexValue.

- `imageCubeArray` specifies whether image views with a VkImageViewType of `VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY` can be created, and that the corresponding `SampledCubeArray` and `ImageCubeArray` SPIR-V capabilities can be used in shader code.

- `independentBlend` specifies whether the `VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState` settings are controlled independently per-attachment. If this feature is not enabled, the `VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState` settings for all color attachments must be identical. Otherwise, a different `VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState` can be provided for each bound color attachment.

- `geometryShader` specifies whether geometry shaders are supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT` and `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT` enum values must not be used. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `Geometry` capability.

- `tessellationShader` specifies whether tessellation control and evaluation shaders are supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_BIT`, `VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT`, `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT`, and `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_TESSELLATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO` enum values must not be used. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `Tessellation` capability.

- `sampleRateShading` specifies whether Sample Shading and multisample interpolation are supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `sampleShadingEnable` member of the VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo structure must be set to `VK_FALSE` and the `minSampleShading` member is ignored. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `SampleRateShading` capability.

- `dualSrcBlend` specifies whether blend operations which take two sources are supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR`, `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA`, and `VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA` enum values must not be used as source or destination blending factors. See Dual-Source Blending.

- `logicOp` specifies whether logic operations are supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `logicOpEnable` member of the VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo structure must be set to `VK_FALSE`, and the `logicOp` member is ignored.

- `multiDrawIndirect` specifies whether multiple draw indirect is supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `drawCount` parameter to the `vkCmdDrawIndirect` and `vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect` commands must be 0 or 1. The `maxDrawIndirectCount` member of the `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits` structure must also be 1 if this feature is not supported. See maxDrawIndirectCount.

- `drawIndirectFirstInstance` specifies whether indirect drawing calls support the `firstInstance` parameter. If this feature is not enabled, the `firstInstance` member of all `VkDrawIndirectCommand` and `VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand` structures that are provided to the `vkCmdDrawIndirect` and `vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect` commands must be 0.

- `depthClamp` specifies whether depth clamping is supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `depthClampEnable` member of the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo structure must be set to `VK_FALSE`. Otherwise, setting `depthClampEnable` to `VK_TRUE` will enable depth clamping.

- `depthBiasClamp` specifies whether depth bias clamping is supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `depthBiasClamp` member of the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo structure must be set to 0.0 unless the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS` dynamic state is enabled, and the `depthBiasClamp` parameter to `vkCmdSetDepthBias` must be set to 0.0.

- `fillModeNonSolid` specifies whether point and wireframe fill modes are supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `VK_POLYGON_MODE_POINT` and `VK_POLYGON_MODE_LINE` enum values must not be used.

- `depthBounds` specifies whether depth bounds tests are supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `depthBoundsTestEnable` member of the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo structure must be set to `VK_FALSE`. When `depthBoundsTestEnable` is set to `VK_FALSE`, the `minDepthBounds` and `maxDepthBounds` members of the VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo structure are ignored.

- `wideLines` specifies whether lines with width other than 1.0 are supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `lineWidth` member of the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo structure must be set to 1.0 unless the `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH` dynamic state is enabled, and the `lineWidth` parameter to `vkCmdSetLineWidth` must be set to 1.0. When this feature is supported, the range and granularity of supported line widths are indicated by the `lineWidthRange` and `lineWidthGranularity` members of the `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits` structure, respectively.

- `largePoints` specifies whether points with size greater than 1.0 are supported. If this feature is not enabled, only a point size of 1.0 written by a shader is supported. The range and granularity of supported point sizes are indicated by the `pointSizeRange` and `pointSizeGranularity` members of the `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits` structure, respectively.

- `alphaToOne` specifies whether the implementation is able to replace the alpha value of the fragment shader color output in the Multisample Coverage fragment operation. If this feature is not enabled, then the `alphaToOneEnable` member of the VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo structure must be set to `VK_FALSE`. Otherwise setting `alphaToOneEnable` to `VK_TRUE` will enable alpha-to-one behavior.

- `multiViewport` specifies whether more than one viewport is supported. If this feature is not enabled:

  - The `viewportCount` and `scissorCount` members of the VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo structure must be set to 1.

  - The `firstViewport` and `viewportCount` parameters to the `vkCmdSetViewport` command must be set to 0 and 1, respectively.

  - The `firstScissor` and `scissorCount` parameters to the `vkCmdSetScissor` command must be set to 0 and 1, respectively.

- `samplerAnisotropy` specifies whether anisotropic filtering is supported. If this feature is not enabled, the `anisotropyEnable` member of the VkSamplerCreateInfo structure must be `VK_FALSE`.

- `textureCompressionETC2` specifies whether all of the ETC2 and EAC compressed texture formats are supported. If this feature is enabled, then the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`, `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` and `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` features must be supported in `optimalTilingFeatures` for the following formats:

  - `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_SNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_SNORM_BLOCK`

  To query for additional properties, or if the feature is not enabled, vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties and vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties can be used to check for supported properties of individual formats as normal.

- `textureCompressionASTC_LDR` specifies whether all of the ASTC LDR compressed texture formats are supported. If this feature is enabled, then the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`, `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` and `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` features must be supported in `optimalTilingFeatures` for the following formats:

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SRGB_BLOCK`

  To query for additional properties, or if the feature is not enabled, vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties and vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties can be used to check for supported properties of individual formats as normal.

- `textureCompressionBC` specifies whether all of the BC compressed texture formats are supported. If this feature is enabled, then the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`, `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` and `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` features must be supported in `optimalTilingFeatures` for the following formats:

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC2_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC3_SRGB_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC6H_UFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC6H_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_BC7_SRGB_BLOCK`

  To query for additional properties, or if the feature is not enabled, vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties and vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties can be used to check for supported properties of individual formats as normal.

- `occlusionQueryPrecise` specifies whether occlusion queries returning actual sample counts are supported. Occlusion queries are created in a `VkQueryPool` by specifying the `queryType` of `VK_QUERY_TYPE_OCCLUSION` in the VkQueryPoolCreateInfo structure which is passed to `vkCreateQueryPool`. If this feature is enabled, queries of this type can enable `VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT` in the `flags` parameter to `vkCmdBeginQuery`. If this feature is not supported, the implementation supports only boolean occlusion queries. When any samples are passed, boolean queries will return a non-zero result value, otherwise a result value of zero is returned. When this feature is enabled and `VK_QUERY_CONTROL_PRECISE_BIT` is set, occlusion queries will report the actual number of samples passed.

- `pipelineStatisticsQuery` specifies whether the pipeline statistics queries are supported. If this feature is not enabled, queries of type `VK_QUERY_TYPE_PIPELINE_STATISTICS` cannot be created, and none of the VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlagBits bits can be set in the `pipelineStatistics` member of the VkQueryPoolCreateInfo structure.

- `vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics` specifies whether storage buffers and images support stores and atomic operations in the vertex, tessellation, and geometry shader stages. If this feature is not enabled, all storage image, storage texel buffer, and storage buffer variables used by these stages in shader modules must be decorated with the `NonWritable` decoration (or the `readonly` memory qualifier in GLSL).

- `fragmentStoresAndAtomics` specifies whether storage buffers and images support stores and atomic operations in the fragment shader stage. If this feature is not enabled, all storage image, storage texel buffer, and storage buffer variables used by the fragment stage in shader modules must be decorated with the `NonWritable` decoration (or the `readonly` memory qualifier in GLSL).

- `shaderTessellationAndGeometryPointSize` specifies whether the `PointSize` built-in decoration is available in the tessellation control, tessellation evaluation, and geometry shader stages. If this feature is not enabled, members decorated with the `PointSize` built-in decoration must not be read from or written to and all points written from a tessellation or geometry shader will have a size of 1.0. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `TessellationPointSize` capability for tessellation control and evaluation shaders, or if the shader modules can declare the `GeometryPointSize` capability for geometry shaders. An implementation supporting this feature must also support one or both of the `tessellationShader` or `geometryShader` features.

- `shaderImageGatherExtended` specifies whether the extended set of image gather instructions are available in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, the `OpImage*Gather` instructions do not support the `Offset` and `ConstOffsets` operands. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `ImageGatherExtended` capability.

- `shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats` specifies whether all the “storage image extended formats” below are supported; if this feature is supported, then the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` must be supported in `optimalTilingFeatures` for the following formats:

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_B10G11R11_UFLOAT_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16_SNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R8_SINT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UINT_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R16_UINT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT`

  | Note `shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats` feature only adds a guarantee of format support, which is specified for the whole physical device. Therefore enabling or disabling the feature via vkCreateDevice has no practical effect. To query for additional properties, or if the feature is not supported, vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties and vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties can be used to check for supported properties of individual formats, as usual rules allow. `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT`, and `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT` from `StorageImageExtendedFormats` SPIR-V capability, are already covered by core Vulkan mandatory format support.

- `shaderStorageImageMultisample` specifies whether multisampled storage images are supported. If this feature is not enabled, images that are created with a `usage` that includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT` must be created with `samples` equal to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `StorageImageMultisample` and `ImageMSArray` capabilities.

- `shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat` specifies whether storage images require a format qualifier to be specified when reading. `shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat` applies only to formats listed in the storage without format list.

- `shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat` specifies whether storage images require a format qualifier to be specified when writing. `shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat` applies only to formats listed in the storage without format list.

- `shaderUniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` specifies whether arrays of uniform buffers can be indexed by dynamically uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `UniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` capability.

- `shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing` specifies whether arrays of samplers or sampled images can be indexed by dynamically uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `SampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing` capability.

- `shaderStorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` specifies whether arrays of storage buffers can be indexed by dynamically uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `StorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` capability.

- `shaderStorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing` specifies whether arrays of storage images can be indexed by dynamically uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE` must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `StorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing` capability.

- `shaderClipDistance` specifies whether clip distances are supported in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, any members decorated with the `ClipDistance` built-in decoration must not be read from or written to in shader modules. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `ClipDistance` capability.

- `shaderCullDistance` specifies whether cull distances are supported in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, any members decorated with the `CullDistance` built-in decoration must not be read from or written to in shader modules. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `CullDistance` capability.

- `shaderFloat64` specifies whether 64-bit floats (doubles) are supported in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, 64-bit floating-point types must not be used in shader code. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `Float64` capability. Declaring and using 64-bit floats is enabled for all storage classes that SPIR-V allows with the `Float64` capability.

- `shaderInt64` specifies whether 64-bit integers (signed and unsigned) are supported in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, 64-bit integer types must not be used in shader code. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `Int64` capability. Declaring and using 64-bit integers is enabled for all storage classes that SPIR-V allows with the `Int64` capability.

- `shaderInt16` specifies whether 16-bit integers (signed and unsigned) are supported in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, 16-bit integer types must not be used in shader code. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `Int16` capability. However, this only enables a subset of the storage classes that SPIR-V allows for the `Int16` SPIR-V capability: Declaring and using 16-bit integers in the `Private`, `Workgroup`, and `Function` storage classes is enabled, while declaring them in the interface storage classes (e.g., `UniformConstant`, `Uniform`, `StorageBuffer`, `Input`, `Output`, and `PushConstant`) is not enabled.

- `shaderResourceResidency` specifies whether image operations that return resource residency information are supported in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, the `OpImageSparse*` instructions must not be used in shader code. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `SparseResidency` capability. The feature requires at least one of the `sparseResidency*` features to be supported.

- `shaderResourceMinLod` specifies whether image operations specifying the minimum resource LOD are supported in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, the `MinLod` image operand must not be used in shader code. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `MinLod` capability.

- `sparseBinding` specifies whether resource memory can be managed at opaque sparse block level instead of at the object level. If this feature is not enabled, resource memory must be bound only on a per-object basis using the `vkBindBufferMemory` and `vkBindImageMemory` commands. In this case, buffers and images must not be created with `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT` set in the `flags` member of the VkBufferCreateInfo and VkImageCreateInfo structures, respectively. Otherwise resource memory can be managed as described in Sparse Resource Features.

- `sparseResidencyBuffer` specifies whether the device can access partially resident buffers. If this feature is not enabled, buffers must not be created with `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` set in the `flags` member of the VkBufferCreateInfo structure.

- `sparseResidencyImage2D` specifies whether the device can access partially resident 2D images with 1 sample per pixel. If this feature is not enabled, images with an `imageType` of `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and `samples` set to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` must not be created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` set in the `flags` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure.

- `sparseResidencyImage3D` specifies whether the device can access partially resident 3D images. If this feature is not enabled, images with an `imageType` of `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D` must not be created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` set in the `flags` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure.

- `sparseResidency2Samples` specifies whether the physical device can access partially resident 2D images with 2 samples per pixel. If this feature is not enabled, images with an `imageType` of `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and `samples` set to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT` must not be created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` set in the `flags` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure.

- `sparseResidency4Samples` specifies whether the physical device can access partially resident 2D images with 4 samples per pixel. If this feature is not enabled, images with an `imageType` of `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and `samples` set to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT` must not be created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` set in the `flags` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure.

- `sparseResidency8Samples` specifies whether the physical device can access partially resident 2D images with 8 samples per pixel. If this feature is not enabled, images with an `imageType` of `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and `samples` set to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT` must not be created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` set in the `flags` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure.

- `sparseResidency16Samples` specifies whether the physical device can access partially resident 2D images with 16 samples per pixel. If this feature is not enabled, images with an `imageType` of `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and `samples` set to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT` must not be created with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT` set in the `flags` member of the VkImageCreateInfo structure.

- `sparseResidencyAliased` specifies whether the physical device can correctly access data aliased into multiple locations. If this feature is not enabled, the `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` and `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` enum values must not be used in `flags` members of the VkBufferCreateInfo and VkImageCreateInfo structures, respectively.

- `variableMultisampleRate` specifies whether all pipelines that will be bound to a command buffer during a subpass which uses no attachments must have the same value for VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::`rasterizationSamples`. If set to `VK_TRUE`, the implementation supports variable multisample rates in a subpass which uses no attachments. If set to `VK_FALSE`, then all pipelines bound in such a subpass must have the same multisample rate. This has no effect in situations where a subpass uses any attachments.

- `inheritedQueries` specifies whether a secondary command buffer may be executed while a query is active.

The `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           storageBuffer16BitAccess;
        VkBool32           uniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess;
        VkBool32           storagePushConstant16;
        VkBool32           storageInputOutput16;
        VkBool32           multiview;
        VkBool32           multiviewGeometryShader;
        VkBool32           multiviewTessellationShader;
        VkBool32           variablePointersStorageBuffer;
        VkBool32           variablePointers;
        VkBool32           protectedMemory;
        VkBool32           samplerYcbcrConversion;
        VkBool32           shaderDrawParameters;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `storageBuffer16BitAccess` specifies whether objects in the `StorageBuffer`, or `PhysicalStorageBuffer` storage class with the `Block` decoration can have 16-bit integer and 16-bit floating-point members. If this feature is not enabled, 16-bit integer or 16-bit floating-point members must not be used in such objects. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `StorageBuffer16BitAccess` capability.

- `uniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess` specifies whether objects in the `Uniform` storage class with the `Block` decoration can have 16-bit integer and 16-bit floating-point members. If this feature is not enabled, 16-bit integer or 16-bit floating-point members must not be used in such objects. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `UniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess` capability.

- `storagePushConstant16` specifies whether objects in the `PushConstant` storage class can have 16-bit integer and 16-bit floating-point members. If this feature is not enabled, 16-bit integer or floating-point members must not be used in such objects. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `StoragePushConstant16` capability.

- `storageInputOutput16` specifies whether objects in the `Input` and `Output` storage classes can have 16-bit integer and 16-bit floating-point members. If this feature is not enabled, 16-bit integer or 16-bit floating-point members must not be used in such objects. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `StorageInputOutput16` capability.

- `multiview` specifies whether the implementation supports multiview rendering within a render pass. If this feature is not enabled, the view mask of each subpass must always be zero.

- `multiviewGeometryShader` specifies whether the implementation supports multiview rendering within a render pass, with geometry shaders. If this feature is not enabled, then a pipeline compiled against a subpass with a non-zero view mask must not include a geometry shader.

- `multiviewTessellationShader` specifies whether the implementation supports multiview rendering within a render pass, with tessellation shaders. If this feature is not enabled, then a pipeline compiled against a subpass with a non-zero view mask must not include any tessellation shaders.

- `variablePointersStorageBuffer` specifies whether the implementation supports the SPIR-V `VariablePointersStorageBuffer` capability. When this feature is not enabled, shader modules must not declare the `SPV_KHR_variable_pointers` extension or the `VariablePointersStorageBuffer` capability.

- `variablePointers` specifies whether the implementation supports the SPIR-V `VariablePointers` capability. When this feature is not enabled, shader modules must not declare the `VariablePointers` capability.

- `protectedMemory` specifies whether protected memory is supported.

- `samplerYcbcrConversion` specifies whether the implementation supports sampler Y′CBCR conversion. If `samplerYcbcrConversion` is `VK_FALSE`, sampler Y′CBCR conversion is not supported, and samplers using sampler Y′CBCR conversion must not be used.

- `shaderDrawParameters` specifies whether the implementation supports the SPIR-V `DrawParameters` capability. When this feature is not enabled, shader modules must not declare the `SPV_KHR_shader_draw_parameters` extension or the `DrawParameters` capability.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           samplerMirrorClampToEdge;
        VkBool32           drawIndirectCount;
        VkBool32           storageBuffer8BitAccess;
        VkBool32           uniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess;
        VkBool32           storagePushConstant8;
        VkBool32           shaderBufferInt64Atomics;
        VkBool32           shaderSharedInt64Atomics;
        VkBool32           shaderFloat16;
        VkBool32           shaderInt8;
        VkBool32           descriptorIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderInputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingPartiallyBound;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount;
        VkBool32           runtimeDescriptorArray;
        VkBool32           samplerFilterMinmax;
        VkBool32           scalarBlockLayout;
        VkBool32           imagelessFramebuffer;
        VkBool32           uniformBufferStandardLayout;
        VkBool32           shaderSubgroupExtendedTypes;
        VkBool32           separateDepthStencilLayouts;
        VkBool32           hostQueryReset;
        VkBool32           timelineSemaphore;
        VkBool32           bufferDeviceAddress;
        VkBool32           bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay;
        VkBool32           bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice;
        VkBool32           vulkanMemoryModel;
        VkBool32           vulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope;
        VkBool32           vulkanMemoryModelAvailabilityVisibilityChains;
        VkBool32           shaderOutputViewportIndex;
        VkBool32           shaderOutputLayer;
        VkBool32           subgroupBroadcastDynamicId;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `samplerMirrorClampToEdge` indicates whether the implementation supports the `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE` sampler address mode. If this feature is not enabled, the `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE` sampler address mode must not be used.

- `drawIndirectCount` indicates whether the implementation supports the vkCmdDrawIndirectCount and vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount functions. If this feature is not enabled, these functions must not be used.

- `storageBuffer8BitAccess` indicates whether objects in the `StorageBuffer`, or `PhysicalStorageBuffer` storage class with the `Block` decoration can have 8-bit integer members. If this feature is not enabled, 8-bit integer members must not be used in such objects. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StorageBuffer8BitAccess` capability.

- `uniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess` indicates whether objects in the `Uniform` storage class with the `Block` decoration can have 8-bit integer members. If this feature is not enabled, 8-bit integer members must not be used in such objects. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `UniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess` capability.

- `storagePushConstant8` indicates whether objects in the `PushConstant` storage class can have 8-bit integer members. If this feature is not enabled, 8-bit integer members must not be used in such objects. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StoragePushConstant8` capability.

- `shaderBufferInt64Atomics` indicates whether shaders can perform 64-bit unsigned and signed integer atomic operations on buffers.

- `shaderSharedInt64Atomics` indicates whether shaders can perform 64-bit unsigned and signed integer atomic operations on shared memory.

- `shaderFloat16` indicates whether 16-bit floats (halfs) are supported in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `Float16` capability. However, this only enables a subset of the storage classes that SPIR-V allows for the `Float16` SPIR-V capability: Declaring and using 16-bit floats in the `Private`, `Workgroup`, and `Function` storage classes is enabled, while declaring them in the interface storage classes (e.g., `UniformConstant`, `Uniform`, `StorageBuffer`, `Input`, `Output`, and `PushConstant`) is not enabled.

- `shaderInt8` indicates whether 8-bit integers (signed and unsigned) are supported in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `Int8` capability. However, this only enables a subset of the storage classes that SPIR-V allows for the `Int8` SPIR-V capability: Declaring and using 8-bit integers in the `Private`, `Workgroup`, and `Function` storage classes is enabled, while declaring them in the interface storage classes (e.g., `UniformConstant`, `Uniform`, `StorageBuffer`, `Input`, `Output`, and `PushConstant`) is not enabled.

- `descriptorIndexing` indicates whether the implementation supports the minimum set of descriptor indexing features as described in the Feature Requirements section. Enabling the `descriptorIndexing` member when vkCreateDevice is called does not imply the other minimum descriptor indexing features are also enabled. Those other descriptor indexing features must be enabled individually as needed by the application.

- `shaderInputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing` indicates whether arrays of input attachments can be indexed by dynamically uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `InputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing` capability.

- `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` indicates whether arrays of uniform texel buffers can be indexed by dynamically uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `UniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` capability.

- `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` indicates whether arrays of storage texel buffers can be indexed by dynamically uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` capability.

- `shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of uniform buffers can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `UniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of samplers or sampled images can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `SampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of storage buffers can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of storage images can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of input attachments can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `InputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of uniform texel buffers can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `UniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of storage texel buffers can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating uniform buffer descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER`.

- `descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating sampled image descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`.

- `descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating storage image descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`.

- `descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating storage buffer descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER`.

- `descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating uniform texel buffer descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER`.

- `descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating storage texel buffer descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`.

- `descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending` indicates whether the implementation supports updating descriptors while the set is in use. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT` must not be used.

- `descriptorBindingPartiallyBound` indicates whether the implementation supports statically using a descriptor set binding in which some descriptors are not valid. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT` must not be used.

- `descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount` indicates whether the implementation supports descriptor sets with a variable-sized last binding. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT` must not be used.

- `runtimeDescriptorArray` indicates whether the implementation supports the SPIR-V `RuntimeDescriptorArray` capability. If this feature is not enabled, descriptors must not be declared in runtime arrays.

- `samplerFilterMinmax` indicates whether the implementation supports a minimum set of required formats supporting min/max filtering as defined by the `filterMinmaxSingleComponentFormats` property minimum requirements. If this feature is not enabled, then no VkSamplerCreateInfo `pNext` chain can include a VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo structure.

- `scalarBlockLayout` indicates that the implementation supports the layout of resource blocks in shaders using scalar alignment.

- `imagelessFramebuffer` indicates that the implementation supports specifying the image view for attachments at render pass begin time via VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo.

- `uniformBufferStandardLayout` indicates that the implementation supports the same layouts for uniform buffers as for storage and other kinds of buffers. See Standard Buffer Layout.

- `shaderSubgroupExtendedTypes` is a boolean specifying whether subgroup operations can use 8-bit integer, 16-bit integer, 64-bit integer, 16-bit floating-point, and vectors of these types in group operations with subgroup scope, if the implementation supports the types.

- `separateDepthStencilLayouts` indicates whether the implementation supports a `VkImageMemoryBarrier` for a depth/stencil image with only one of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` set, and whether `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` can be used.

- `hostQueryReset` indicates that the implementation supports resetting queries from the host with vkResetQueryPool.

- `timelineSemaphore` indicates whether semaphores created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` are supported.

- `bufferDeviceAddress` indicates that the implementation supports accessing buffer memory in shaders as storage buffers via an address queried from vkGetBufferDeviceAddress.

- `bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay` indicates that the implementation supports saving and reusing buffer and device addresses, e.g. for trace capture and replay.

- `bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice` indicates that the implementation supports the `bufferDeviceAddress` feature for logical devices created with multiple physical devices. If this feature is not supported, buffer addresses must not be queried on a logical device created with more than one physical device.

- `vulkanMemoryModel` indicates whether the Vulkan Memory Model is supported, as defined in Vulkan Memory Model. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `VulkanMemoryModel` capability.

- `vulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope` indicates whether the Vulkan Memory Model can use `Device` scope synchronization. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `VulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope` capability.

- `vulkanMemoryModelAvailabilityVisibilityChains` indicates whether the Vulkan Memory Model can use availability and visibility chains with more than one element.

- `shaderOutputViewportIndex` indicates whether the implementation supports the `ShaderViewportIndex` SPIR-V capability enabling variables decorated with the `ViewportIndex` built-in to be exported from vertex or tessellation evaluation shaders. If this feature is not enabled, the `ViewportIndex` built-in decoration must not be used on outputs in vertex or tessellation evaluation shaders.

- `shaderOutputLayer` indicates whether the implementation supports the `ShaderLayer` SPIR-V capability enabling variables decorated with the `Layer` built-in to be exported from vertex or tessellation evaluation shaders. If this feature is not enabled, the `Layer` built-in decoration must not be used on outputs in vertex or tessellation evaluation shaders.

- If `subgroupBroadcastDynamicId` is `VK_TRUE`, the “Id” operand of `OpGroupNonUniformBroadcast` can be dynamically uniform within a subgroup, and the “Index” operand of `OpGroupNonUniformQuadBroadcast` can be dynamically uniform within the derivative group. If it is `VK_FALSE`, these operands must be constants.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           robustImageAccess;
        VkBool32           inlineUniformBlock;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingInlineUniformBlockUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           pipelineCreationCacheControl;
        VkBool32           privateData;
        VkBool32           shaderDemoteToHelperInvocation;
        VkBool32           shaderTerminateInvocation;
        VkBool32           subgroupSizeControl;
        VkBool32           computeFullSubgroups;
        VkBool32           synchronization2;
        VkBool32           textureCompressionASTC_HDR;
        VkBool32           shaderZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemory;
        VkBool32           dynamicRendering;
        VkBool32           shaderIntegerDotProduct;
        VkBool32           maintenance4;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `robustImageAccess` indicates whether image accesses are tightly bounds-checked against the dimensions of the image view. Invalid texels resulting from out of bounds image loads will be replaced as described in Texel Replacement, with either (0,0,1) or (0,0,0) values inserted for missing G, B, or A components based on the format.

- `inlineUniformBlock` indicates whether the implementation supports inline uniform block descriptors. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` must not be used.

- `descriptorBindingInlineUniformBlockUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating inline uniform block descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`.

- `pipelineCreationCacheControl` indicates that the implementation supports:

  - The following can be used in `Vk*PipelineCreateInfo`::`flags`:

    - `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_FAIL_ON_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED_BIT`

    - `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_EARLY_RETURN_ON_FAILURE_BIT`

  - The following can be used in VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo::`flags`:

    - `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT`

- `privateData` indicates whether the implementation supports private data. See Private Data.

- `shaderDemoteToHelperInvocation` indicates whether the implementation supports the SPIR-V `DemoteToHelperInvocationEXT` capability.

- `shaderTerminateInvocation` specifies whether the implementation supports SPIR-V modules that use the `SPV_KHR_terminate_invocation` extension.

- `subgroupSizeControl` indicates whether the implementation supports controlling shader subgroup sizes via the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` flag and the VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo structure.

- `computeFullSubgroups` indicates whether the implementation supports requiring full subgroups in compute shaders via the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT` flag.

- `synchronization2` indicates whether the implementation supports the new set of synchronization commands introduced in ``VK_KHR_synchronization2``.

- `textureCompressionASTC_HDR` indicates whether all of the ASTC HDR compressed texture formats are supported. If this feature is enabled, then the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`, `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` and `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` features must be supported in `optimalTilingFeatures` for the following formats:

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  To query for additional properties, or if the feature is not enabled, vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties and vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties can be used to check for supported properties of individual formats as normal.

- `shaderZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemory` specifies whether the implementation supports initializing a variable in Workgroup storage class.

- `dynamicRendering` specifies that the implementation supports dynamic render pass instances using the vkCmdBeginRendering command.

- `shaderIntegerDotProduct` specifies whether shader modules can declare the `DotProductInputAllKHR`, `DotProductInput4x8BitKHR`, `DotProductInput4x8BitPackedKHR` and `DotProductKHR` capabilities.

- `maintenance4` indicates that the implementation supports the following:

  - The application may destroy a VkPipelineLayout object immediately after using it to create another object.

  - `LocalSizeId` can be used as an alternative to `LocalSize` to specify the local workgroup size with specialization constants.

  - Images created with identical creation parameters will always have the same alignment requirements.

  - The size memory requirement of a buffer or image is never greater than that of another buffer or image created with a greater or equal size.

  - Push constants do not have to be initialized before they are dynamically accessed.

  - The interface matching rules allow a larger output vector to match with a smaller input vector, with additional values being discarded.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           variablePointersStorageBuffer;
        VkBool32           variablePointers;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures;

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointerFeatures;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `variablePointersStorageBuffer` specifies whether the implementation supports the SPIR-V `VariablePointersStorageBuffer` capability. When this feature is not enabled, shader modules must not declare the `SPV_KHR_variable_pointers` extension or the `VariablePointersStorageBuffer` capability.

- `variablePointers` specifies whether the implementation supports the SPIR-V `VariablePointers` capability. When this feature is not enabled, shader modules must not declare the `VariablePointers` capability.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures-variablePointers-01431
  If `variablePointers` is enabled then `variablePointersStorageBuffer` must also be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VARIABLE_POINTERS_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           multiview;
        VkBool32           multiviewGeometryShader;
        VkBool32           multiviewTessellationShader;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `multiview` specifies whether the implementation supports multiview rendering within a render pass. If this feature is not enabled, the view mask of each subpass must always be zero.

- `multiviewGeometryShader` specifies whether the implementation supports multiview rendering within a render pass, with geometry shaders. If this feature is not enabled, then a pipeline compiled against a subpass with a non-zero view mask must not include a geometry shader.

- `multiviewTessellationShader` specifies whether the implementation supports multiview rendering within a render pass, with tessellation shaders. If this feature is not enabled, then a pipeline compiled against a subpass with a non-zero view mask must not include any tessellation shaders.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures-multiviewGeometryShader-00580
  If `multiviewGeometryShader` is enabled then `multiview` must also be enabled

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures-multiviewTessellationShader-00581
  If `multiviewTessellationShader` is enabled then `multiview` must also be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_FEATURES`

The VkPhysicalDeviceShaderAtomicInt64Features structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceShaderAtomicInt64Features {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           shaderBufferInt64Atomics;
        VkBool32           shaderSharedInt64Atomics;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceShaderAtomicInt64Features;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `shaderBufferInt64Atomics` indicates whether shaders can perform 64-bit unsigned and signed integer atomic operations on buffers.

- `shaderSharedInt64Atomics` indicates whether shaders can perform 64-bit unsigned and signed integer atomic operations on shared memory.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderAtomicInt64Features` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderAtomicInt64Features` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceShaderAtomicInt64Features-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_ATOMIC_INT64_FEATURES`

The VkPhysicalDevice8BitStorageFeatures structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDevice8BitStorageFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           storageBuffer8BitAccess;
        VkBool32           uniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess;
        VkBool32           storagePushConstant8;
    } VkPhysicalDevice8BitStorageFeatures;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `storageBuffer8BitAccess` indicates whether objects in the `StorageBuffer`, or `PhysicalStorageBuffer` storage class with the `Block` decoration can have 8-bit integer members. If this feature is not enabled, 8-bit integer members must not be used in such objects. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StorageBuffer8BitAccess` capability.

- `uniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess` indicates whether objects in the `Uniform` storage class with the `Block` decoration can have 8-bit integer members. If this feature is not enabled, 8-bit integer members must not be used in such objects. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `UniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess` capability.

- `storagePushConstant8` indicates whether objects in the `PushConstant` storage class can have 8-bit integer members. If this feature is not enabled, 8-bit integer members must not be used in such objects. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StoragePushConstant8` capability.

If the `VkPhysicalDevice8BitStorageFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDevice8BitStorageFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDevice8BitStorageFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_8BIT_STORAGE_FEATURES`

The VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           storageBuffer16BitAccess;
        VkBool32           uniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess;
        VkBool32           storagePushConstant16;
        VkBool32           storageInputOutput16;
    } VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `storageBuffer16BitAccess` specifies whether objects in the `StorageBuffer`, or `PhysicalStorageBuffer` storage class with the `Block` decoration can have 16-bit integer and 16-bit floating-point members. If this feature is not enabled, 16-bit integer or 16-bit floating-point members must not be used in such objects. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `StorageBuffer16BitAccess` capability.

- `uniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess` specifies whether objects in the `Uniform` storage class with the `Block` decoration can have 16-bit integer and 16-bit floating-point members. If this feature is not enabled, 16-bit integer or 16-bit floating-point members must not be used in such objects. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `UniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess` capability.

- `storagePushConstant16` specifies whether objects in the `PushConstant` storage class can have 16-bit integer and 16-bit floating-point members. If this feature is not enabled, 16-bit integer or floating-point members must not be used in such objects. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `StoragePushConstant16` capability.

- `storageInputOutput16` specifies whether objects in the `Input` and `Output` storage classes can have 16-bit integer and 16-bit floating-point members. If this feature is not enabled, 16-bit integer or 16-bit floating-point members must not be used in such objects. This also specifies whether shader modules can declare the `StorageInputOutput16` capability.

If the `VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_16BIT_STORAGE_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8Features` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8Features {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           shaderFloat16;
        VkBool32           shaderInt8;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8Features;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `shaderFloat16` indicates whether 16-bit floats (halfs) are supported in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `Float16` capability. However, this only enables a subset of the storage classes that SPIR-V allows for the `Float16` SPIR-V capability: Declaring and using 16-bit floats in the `Private`, `Workgroup`, and `Function` storage classes is enabled, while declaring them in the interface storage classes (e.g., `UniformConstant`, `Uniform`, `StorageBuffer`, `Input`, `Output`, and `PushConstant`) is not enabled.

- `shaderInt8` indicates whether 8-bit integers (signed and unsigned) are supported in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `Int8` capability. However, this only enables a subset of the storage classes that SPIR-V allows for the `Int8` SPIR-V capability: Declaring and using 8-bit integers in the `Private`, `Workgroup`, and `Function` storage classes is enabled, while declaring them in the interface storage classes (e.g., `UniformConstant`, `Uniform`, `StorageBuffer`, `Input`, `Output`, and `PushConstant`) is not enabled.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8Features` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8Features` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8Features-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_FLOAT16_INT8_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           samplerYcbcrConversion;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `samplerYcbcrConversion` specifies whether the implementation supports sampler Y′CBCR conversion. If `samplerYcbcrConversion` is `VK_FALSE`, sampler Y′CBCR conversion is not supported, and samplers using sampler Y′CBCR conversion must not be used.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           protectedMemory;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `protectedMemory` specifies whether protected memory is supported.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           shaderDrawParameters;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures;

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParameterFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `shaderDrawParameters` specifies whether the implementation supports the SPIR-V `DrawParameters` capability. When this feature is not enabled, shader modules must not declare the `SPV_KHR_shader_draw_parameters` extension or the `DrawParameters` capability.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_DRAW_PARAMETERS_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           shaderInputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingPartiallyBound;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount;
        VkBool32           runtimeDescriptorArray;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `shaderInputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing` indicates whether arrays of input attachments can be indexed by dynamically uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `InputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing` capability.

- `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` indicates whether arrays of uniform texel buffers can be indexed by dynamically uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `UniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` capability.

- `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` indicates whether arrays of storage texel buffers can be indexed by dynamically uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` must be indexed only by constant integral expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` capability.

- `shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of uniform buffers can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `UniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of samplers or sampled images can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `SampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of storage buffers can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of storage images can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of input attachments can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `InputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of uniform texel buffers can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `UniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` indicates whether arrays of storage texel buffers can be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions in shader code. If this feature is not enabled, resources with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` must not be indexed by non-uniform integer expressions when aggregated into arrays in shader code. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `StorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` capability.

- `descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating uniform buffer descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER`.

- `descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating sampled image descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`.

- `descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating storage image descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`.

- `descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating storage buffer descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER`.

- `descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating uniform texel buffer descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER`.

- `descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating storage texel buffer descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`.

- `descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending` indicates whether the implementation supports updating descriptors while the set is in use. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_UNUSED_WHILE_PENDING_BIT` must not be used.

- `descriptorBindingPartiallyBound` indicates whether the implementation supports statically using a descriptor set binding in which some descriptors are not valid. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_PARTIALLY_BOUND_BIT` must not be used.

- `descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount` indicates whether the implementation supports descriptor sets with a variable-sized last binding. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_BIT` must not be used.

- `runtimeDescriptorArray` indicates whether the implementation supports the SPIR-V `RuntimeDescriptorArray` capability. If this feature is not enabled, descriptors must not be declared in runtime arrays.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_INDEXING_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkanMemoryModelFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceVulkanMemoryModelFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           vulkanMemoryModel;
        VkBool32           vulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope;
        VkBool32           vulkanMemoryModelAvailabilityVisibilityChains;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceVulkanMemoryModelFeatures;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `vulkanMemoryModel` indicates whether the Vulkan Memory Model is supported, as defined in Vulkan Memory Model. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `VulkanMemoryModel` capability.

- `vulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope` indicates whether the Vulkan Memory Model can use `Device` scope synchronization. This also indicates whether shader modules can declare the `VulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope` capability.

- `vulkanMemoryModelAvailabilityVisibilityChains` indicates whether the Vulkan Memory Model can use availability and visibility chains with more than one element.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkanMemoryModelFeaturesKHR` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkanMemoryModelFeaturesKHR` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceVulkanMemoryModelFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_MEMORY_MODEL_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           inlineUniformBlock;
        VkBool32           descriptorBindingInlineUniformBlockUpdateAfterBind;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockFeatures;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `inlineUniformBlock` indicates whether the implementation supports inline uniform block descriptors. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` must not be used.

- `descriptorBindingInlineUniformBlockUpdateAfterBind` indicates whether the implementation supports updating inline uniform block descriptors after a set is bound. If this feature is not enabled, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` must not be used with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceScalarBlockLayoutFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceScalarBlockLayoutFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           scalarBlockLayout;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceScalarBlockLayoutFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `scalarBlockLayout` indicates that the implementation supports the layout of resource blocks in shaders using scalar alignment.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceScalarBlockLayoutFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceScalarBlockLayoutFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceScalarBlockLayoutFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SCALAR_BLOCK_LAYOUT_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceUniformBufferStandardLayoutFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceUniformBufferStandardLayoutFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           uniformBufferStandardLayout;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceUniformBufferStandardLayoutFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `uniformBufferStandardLayout` indicates that the implementation supports the same layouts for uniform buffers as for storage and other kinds of buffers. See Standard Buffer Layout.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceUniformBufferStandardLayoutFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceUniformBufferStandardLayoutFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceUniformBufferStandardLayoutFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_STANDARD_LAYOUT_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           bufferDeviceAddress;
        VkBool32           bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay;
        VkBool32           bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `bufferDeviceAddress` indicates that the implementation supports accessing buffer memory in shaders as storage buffers via an address queried from vkGetBufferDeviceAddress.

- `bufferDeviceAddressCaptureReplay` indicates that the implementation supports saving and reusing buffer and device addresses, e.g. for trace capture and replay.

- `bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice` indicates that the implementation supports the `bufferDeviceAddress` feature for logical devices created with multiple physical devices. If this feature is not supported, buffer addresses must not be queried on a logical device created with more than one physical device.

| Note `bufferDeviceAddressMultiDevice` exists to allow certain legacy platforms to be able to support `bufferDeviceAddress` without needing to support shared GPU virtual addresses for multi-device configurations.

See vkGetBufferDeviceAddress for more information.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceImagelessFramebufferFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceImagelessFramebufferFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           imagelessFramebuffer;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceImagelessFramebufferFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `imagelessFramebuffer` indicates that the implementation supports specifying the image view for attachments at render pass begin time via VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceImagelessFramebufferFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceImagelessFramebufferFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImagelessFramebufferFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGELESS_FRAMEBUFFER_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSubgroupExtendedTypesFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSubgroupExtendedTypesFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           shaderSubgroupExtendedTypes;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSubgroupExtendedTypesFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `shaderSubgroupExtendedTypes` is a boolean specifying whether subgroup operations can use 8-bit integer, 16-bit integer, 64-bit integer, 16-bit floating-point, and vectors of these types in group operations with subgroup scope, if the implementation supports the types.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSubgroupExtendedTypesFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSubgroupExtendedTypesFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSubgroupExtendedTypesFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_SUBGROUP_EXTENDED_TYPES_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceHostQueryResetFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceHostQueryResetFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           hostQueryReset;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceHostQueryResetFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `hostQueryReset` indicates that the implementation supports resetting queries from the host with vkResetQueryPool.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceHostQueryResetFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceHostQueryResetFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceHostQueryResetFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_HOST_QUERY_RESET_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           timelineSemaphore;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `timelineSemaphore` indicates whether semaphores created with a VkSemaphoreType of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE` are supported.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSeparateDepthStencilLayoutsFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSeparateDepthStencilLayoutsFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           separateDepthStencilLayouts;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSeparateDepthStencilLayoutsFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `separateDepthStencilLayouts` indicates whether the implementation supports a `VkImageMemoryBarrier` for a depth/stencil image with only one of `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT` or `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT` set, and whether `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`, `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`, or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL` can be used.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceSeparateDepthStencilLayoutsFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceSeparateDepthStencilLayoutsFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSeparateDepthStencilLayoutsFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SEPARATE_DEPTH_STENCIL_LAYOUTS_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDemoteToHelperInvocationFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDemoteToHelperInvocationFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           shaderDemoteToHelperInvocation;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDemoteToHelperInvocationFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `shaderDemoteToHelperInvocation` indicates whether the implementation supports the SPIR-V `DemoteToHelperInvocationEXT` capability.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDemoteToHelperInvocationFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDemoteToHelperInvocationFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDemoteToHelperInvocationFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_DEMOTE_TO_HELPER_INVOCATION_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceTextureCompressionASTCHDRFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceTextureCompressionASTCHDRFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           textureCompressionASTC_HDR;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceTextureCompressionASTCHDRFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `textureCompressionASTC_HDR` indicates whether all of the ASTC HDR compressed texture formats are supported. If this feature is enabled, then the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`, `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` and `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` features must be supported in `optimalTilingFeatures` for the following formats:

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  To query for additional properties, or if the feature is not enabled, vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties and vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties can be used to check for supported properties of individual formats as normal.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceTextureCompressionASTCHDRFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceTextureCompressionASTCHDRFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceTextureCompressionASTCHDRFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           subgroupSizeControl;
        VkBool32           computeFullSubgroups;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeatures;

This structure describes the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `subgroupSizeControl` indicates whether the implementation supports controlling shader subgroup sizes via the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT` flag and the VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo structure.

- `computeFullSubgroups` indicates whether the implementation supports requiring full subgroups in compute shaders via the `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT` flag.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

| Note The `VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeaturesEXT` structure was added in version 2 of the ``VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control`` extension. Version 1 implementations of this extension will not fill out the features structure but applications may assume that both `subgroupSizeControl` and `computeFullSubgroups` are supported if the extension is supported. (See also the Feature Requirements section.) Applications are advised to add a `VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeaturesEXT` structure to the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to enable the features regardless of the version of the extension supported by the implementation. If the implementation only supports version 1, it will safely ignore the `VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeaturesEXT` structure. Vulkan 1.3 implementations always support the features structure.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CONTROL_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           pipelineCreationCacheControl;
    } VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `pipelineCreationCacheControl` indicates that the implementation supports:

  - The following can be used in `Vk*PipelineCreateInfo`::`flags`:

    - `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_FAIL_ON_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED_BIT`

    - `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_EARLY_RETURN_ON_FAILURE_BIT`

  - The following can be used in VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo::`flags`:

    - `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT`

If the `VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PIPELINE_CREATION_CACHE_CONTROL_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemoryFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemoryFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           shaderZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemory;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemoryFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `shaderZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemory` specifies whether the implementation supports initializing a variable in Workgroup storage class.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemoryFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemoryFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemoryFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_ZERO_INITIALIZE_WORKGROUP_MEMORY_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDevicePrivateDataFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDevicePrivateDataFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           privateData;
    } VkPhysicalDevicePrivateDataFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `privateData` indicates whether the implementation supports private data. See Private Data.

If the `VkPhysicalDevicePrivateDataFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDevicePrivateDataFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDevicePrivateDataFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PRIVATE_DATA_FEATURES`

nullDescriptor support requires the ``VK_EXT_robustness2`` extension.

The `VkPhysicalDeviceImageRobustnessFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceImageRobustnessFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           robustImageAccess;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceImageRobustnessFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `robustImageAccess` indicates whether image accesses are tightly bounds-checked against the dimensions of the image view. Invalid texels resulting from out of bounds image loads will be replaced as described in Texel Replacement, with either (0,0,1) or (0,0,0) values inserted for missing G, B, or A components based on the format.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceImageRobustnessFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceImageRobustnessFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImageRobustnessFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_ROBUSTNESS_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderTerminateInvocationFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceShaderTerminateInvocationFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           shaderTerminateInvocation;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceShaderTerminateInvocationFeatures;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `shaderTerminateInvocation` specifies whether the implementation supports SPIR-V modules that use the `SPV_KHR_terminate_invocation` extension.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderTerminateInvocationFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderTerminateInvocationFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceShaderTerminateInvocationFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_TERMINATE_INVOCATION_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSynchronization2Features` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSynchronization2Features {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           synchronization2;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSynchronization2Features;

This structure describes the following feature:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `synchronization2` indicates whether the implementation supports the new set of synchronization commands introduced in ``VK_KHR_synchronization2``.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceSynchronization2Features` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceSynchronization2Features` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSynchronization2Features-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SYNCHRONIZATION_2_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           shaderIntegerDotProduct;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductFeatures;

The members of the `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductFeatures` structure describe the following features:

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `shaderIntegerDotProduct` specifies whether shader modules can declare the `DotProductInputAllKHR`, `DotProductInput4x8BitKHR`, `DotProductInput4x8BitPackedKHR` and `DotProductKHR` capabilities.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_INTEGER_DOT_PRODUCT_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Features` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Features {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           maintenance4;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Features;

This structure describes the following features:

- `maintenance4` indicates that the implementation supports the following:

  - The application may destroy a VkPipelineLayout object immediately after using it to create another object.

  - `LocalSizeId` can be used as an alternative to `LocalSize` to specify the local workgroup size with specialization constants.

  - Images created with identical creation parameters will always have the same alignment requirements.

  - The size memory requirement of a buffer or image is never greater than that of another buffer or image created with a greater or equal size.

  - Push constants do not have to be initialized before they are dynamically accessed.

  - The interface matching rules allow a larger output vector to match with a smaller input vector, with additional values being discarded.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Features` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Features` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Features-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MAINTENANCE_4_FEATURES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeatures` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeatures {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           dynamicRendering;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeatures;

The members of the `VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeatures` structure describe the following features:

- `dynamicRendering` specifies that the implementation supports dynamic render pass instances using the vkCmdBeginRendering command.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeatures` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, it is filled in to indicate whether each corresponding feature is supported. `VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeatures` can also be used in the `pNext` chain of VkDeviceCreateInfo to selectively enable these features.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeatures-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DYNAMIC_RENDERING_FEATURES`

### 32.1. Feature Requirements

All Vulkan graphics implementations must support the following features:

- `robustBufferAccess`

- `multiview`, if Vulkan 1.1 is supported.

- `uniformBufferStandardLayout`, if Vulkan 1.2 or the ``VK_KHR_uniform_buffer_standard_layout`` extension is supported.

- `storageBuffer8BitAccess`, if `uniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess` is enabled.

- If the descriptorIndexing feature is supported, or if the ``VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing`` extension is supported:

  - `shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - `shaderStorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - `shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing`

  - `shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

  - `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

  - `descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind`

  - `descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind`

  - `descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind` (see also `robustBufferAccessUpdateAfterBind`)

  - `descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind` (see also `robustBufferAccessUpdateAfterBind`)

  - `descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind` (see also `robustBufferAccessUpdateAfterBind`)

  - `descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending`

  - `descriptorBindingPartiallyBound`

  - `runtimeDescriptorArray`

- If Vulkan 1.3 is supported:

  - `vulkanMemoryModel`

  - `vulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope`

- `inlineUniformBlock`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_EXT_inline_uniform_block`` extension is supported.

- `descriptorBindingInlineUniformBlockUpdateAfterBind`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_EXT_inline_uniform_block`` extension is supported; and if the `descriptorIndexing` feature is supported, or the ``VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing`` extension is supported.

- `subgroupBroadcastDynamicId`, if Vulkan 1.2 is supported.

- `subgroupSizeControl`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control`` extension is supported.

- `computeFullSubgroups`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control`` extension is supported.

- `imagelessFramebuffer`, if Vulkan 1.2 or the ``VK_KHR_imageless_framebuffer`` extension is supported.

- `separateDepthStencilLayouts`, if Vulkan 1.2 or the ``VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts`` extension is supported.

- `hostQueryReset`, if Vulkan 1.2 or the ``VK_EXT_host_query_reset`` extension is supported.

- `timelineSemaphore`, if Vulkan 1.2 or the ``VK_KHR_timeline_semaphore`` extension is supported.

- `pipelineCreationCacheControl`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_EXT_pipeline_creation_cache_control`` extension is supported.

- `shaderSubgroupExtendedTypes`, if Vulkan 1.2 or the ``VK_KHR_shader_subgroup_extended_types`` extension is supported.

- `textureCompressionASTC_HDR`, if the ``VK_EXT_texture_compression_astc_hdr`` extension is supported.

- `shaderDemoteToHelperInvocation`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_EXT_shader_demote_to_helper_invocation`` extension is supported.

- `texelBufferAlignment`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_EXT_texel_buffer_alignment`` extension is supported.

- `bufferDeviceAddress`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_KHR_buffer_device_address`` extension is supported.

- `shaderInt64`, if the `shaderSharedInt64Atomics` or `shaderBufferInt64Atomics` features are supported.

- `storageBuffer16BitAccess`, if `uniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess` is enabled.

- `robustImageAccess`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_EXT_image_robustness`` extension is supported.

- `shaderTerminateInvocation` if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_KHR_shader_terminate_invocation`` extension is supported.

- `shaderZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemory`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_KHR_zero_initialize_workgroup_memory`` extension is supported.

- `synchronization2` if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_KHR_synchronization2`` extension is supported.

- `shaderIntegerDotProduct` if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_KHR_shader_integer_dot_product`` extension is supported.

- `maintenance4`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_KHR_maintenance4`` extension is supported.

- `privateData`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_EXT_private_data`` extension is supported.

- `dynamicRendering`, if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering`` extension is supported.

All other features defined in the Specification are optional.

### 32.2. Profile Features

#### 32.2.1. Roadmap 2022

Implementations that claim support for the Roadmap 2022 profile must support the following features:

- `fullDrawIndexUint32`

- `imageCubeArray`

- `independentBlend`

- `sampleRateShading`

- `drawIndirectFirstInstance`

- `depthClamp`

- `depthBiasClamp`

- `samplerAnisotropy`

- `occlusionQueryPrecise`

- `fragmentStoresAndAtomics`

- `shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats`

- `shaderUniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

- `shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing`

- `shaderStorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

- `shaderStorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing`

- `samplerYcbcrConversion`

- `samplerMirrorClampToEdge`

- `descriptorIndexing`

- `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

- `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

- `shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- `shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- `shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- `shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

- `descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind`

- `descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind`

- `descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind`

- `descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind`

- `descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind`

- `descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending`

- `descriptorBindingPartiallyBound`

- `descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount`

- `runtimeDescriptorArray`

- `scalarBlockLayout`

## 33. Limits

Limits are implementation-dependent minimums, maximums, and other device characteristics that an application may need to be aware of.

| Note Limits are reported via the basic VkPhysicalDeviceLimits structure as well as the extensible structure `VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2`, which was added in ``VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2`` and included in Vulkan 1.1. When limits are added in future Vulkan versions or extensions, each extension should introduce one new limit structure, if needed. This structure can be added to the `pNext` chain of the `VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2` structure.

The `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceLimits {
        uint32_t              maxImageDimension1D;
        uint32_t              maxImageDimension2D;
        uint32_t              maxImageDimension3D;
        uint32_t              maxImageDimensionCube;
        uint32_t              maxImageArrayLayers;
        uint32_t              maxTexelBufferElements;
        uint32_t              maxUniformBufferRange;
        uint32_t              maxStorageBufferRange;
        uint32_t              maxPushConstantsSize;
        uint32_t              maxMemoryAllocationCount;
        uint32_t              maxSamplerAllocationCount;
        VkDeviceSize          bufferImageGranularity;
        VkDeviceSize          sparseAddressSpaceSize;
        uint32_t              maxBoundDescriptorSets;
        uint32_t              maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers;
        uint32_t              maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers;
        uint32_t              maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers;
        uint32_t              maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages;
        uint32_t              maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages;
        uint32_t              maxPerStageDescriptorInputAttachments;
        uint32_t              maxPerStageResources;
        uint32_t              maxDescriptorSetSamplers;
        uint32_t              maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers;
        uint32_t              maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffersDynamic;
        uint32_t              maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers;
        uint32_t              maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffersDynamic;
        uint32_t              maxDescriptorSetSampledImages;
        uint32_t              maxDescriptorSetStorageImages;
        uint32_t              maxDescriptorSetInputAttachments;
        uint32_t              maxVertexInputAttributes;
        uint32_t              maxVertexInputBindings;
        uint32_t              maxVertexInputAttributeOffset;
        uint32_t              maxVertexInputBindingStride;
        uint32_t              maxVertexOutputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxTessellationGenerationLevel;
        uint32_t              maxTessellationPatchSize;
        uint32_t              maxTessellationControlPerVertexInputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxTessellationControlPerVertexOutputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxTessellationControlPerPatchOutputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxTessellationControlTotalOutputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxTessellationEvaluationInputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxTessellationEvaluationOutputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxGeometryShaderInvocations;
        uint32_t              maxGeometryInputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxGeometryOutputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxGeometryOutputVertices;
        uint32_t              maxGeometryTotalOutputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxFragmentInputComponents;
        uint32_t              maxFragmentOutputAttachments;
        uint32_t              maxFragmentDualSrcAttachments;
        uint32_t              maxFragmentCombinedOutputResources;
        uint32_t              maxComputeSharedMemorySize;
        uint32_t              maxComputeWorkGroupCount[3];
        uint32_t              maxComputeWorkGroupInvocations;
        uint32_t              maxComputeWorkGroupSize[3];
        uint32_t              subPixelPrecisionBits;
        uint32_t              subTexelPrecisionBits;
        uint32_t              mipmapPrecisionBits;
        uint32_t              maxDrawIndexedIndexValue;
        uint32_t              maxDrawIndirectCount;
        float                 maxSamplerLodBias;
        float                 maxSamplerAnisotropy;
        uint32_t              maxViewports;
        uint32_t              maxViewportDimensions[2];
        float                 viewportBoundsRange[2];
        uint32_t              viewportSubPixelBits;
        size_t                minMemoryMapAlignment;
        VkDeviceSize          minTexelBufferOffsetAlignment;
        VkDeviceSize          minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment;
        VkDeviceSize          minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment;
        int32_t               minTexelOffset;
        uint32_t              maxTexelOffset;
        int32_t               minTexelGatherOffset;
        uint32_t              maxTexelGatherOffset;
        float                 minInterpolationOffset;
        float                 maxInterpolationOffset;
        uint32_t              subPixelInterpolationOffsetBits;
        uint32_t              maxFramebufferWidth;
        uint32_t              maxFramebufferHeight;
        uint32_t              maxFramebufferLayers;
        VkSampleCountFlags    framebufferColorSampleCounts;
        VkSampleCountFlags    framebufferDepthSampleCounts;
        VkSampleCountFlags    framebufferStencilSampleCounts;
        VkSampleCountFlags    framebufferNoAttachmentsSampleCounts;
        uint32_t              maxColorAttachments;
        VkSampleCountFlags    sampledImageColorSampleCounts;
        VkSampleCountFlags    sampledImageIntegerSampleCounts;
        VkSampleCountFlags    sampledImageDepthSampleCounts;
        VkSampleCountFlags    sampledImageStencilSampleCounts;
        VkSampleCountFlags    storageImageSampleCounts;
        uint32_t              maxSampleMaskWords;
        VkBool32              timestampComputeAndGraphics;
        float                 timestampPeriod;
        uint32_t              maxClipDistances;
        uint32_t              maxCullDistances;
        uint32_t              maxCombinedClipAndCullDistances;
        uint32_t              discreteQueuePriorities;
        float                 pointSizeRange[2];
        float                 lineWidthRange[2];
        float                 pointSizeGranularity;
        float                 lineWidthGranularity;
        VkBool32              strictLines;
        VkBool32              standardSampleLocations;
        VkDeviceSize          optimalBufferCopyOffsetAlignment;
        VkDeviceSize          optimalBufferCopyRowPitchAlignment;
        VkDeviceSize          nonCoherentAtomSize;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceLimits;

The `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits` are properties of the physical device. These are available in the `limits` member of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties structure which is returned from vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties.

- `maxImageDimension1D` is the largest dimension (`width`) that is guaranteed to be supported for all images created with an `imageType` of `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`. Some combinations of image parameters (format, usage, etc.) may allow support for larger dimensions, which can be queried using vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties.

- `maxImageDimension2D` is the largest dimension (`width` or `height`) that is guaranteed to be supported for all images created with an `imageType` of `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and without `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT` set in `flags`. Some combinations of image parameters (format, usage, etc.) may allow support for larger dimensions, which can be queried using vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties.

- `maxImageDimension3D` is the largest dimension (`width`, `height`, or `depth`) that is guaranteed to be supported for all images created with an `imageType` of `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`. Some combinations of image parameters (format, usage, etc.) may allow support for larger dimensions, which can be queried using vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties.

- `maxImageDimensionCube` is the largest dimension (`width` or `height`) that is guaranteed to be supported for all images created with an `imageType` of `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and with `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT` set in `flags`. Some combinations of image parameters (format, usage, etc.) may allow support for larger dimensions, which can be queried using vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties.

- `maxImageArrayLayers` is the maximum number of layers (`arrayLayers`) for an image.

- `maxTexelBufferElements` is the maximum number of addressable texels for a buffer view created on a buffer which was created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` or `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` set in the `usage` member of the VkBufferCreateInfo structure.

- `maxUniformBufferRange` is the maximum value that can be specified in the `range` member of a VkDescriptorBufferInfo structure passed to vkUpdateDescriptorSets for descriptors of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`.

- `maxStorageBufferRange` is the maximum value that can be specified in the `range` member of a VkDescriptorBufferInfo structure passed to vkUpdateDescriptorSets for descriptors of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`.

- `maxPushConstantsSize` is the maximum size, in bytes, of the pool of push constant memory. For each of the push constant ranges indicated by the `pPushConstantRanges` member of the VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo structure, (`offset` + `size`) must be less than or equal to this limit.

- `maxMemoryAllocationCount` is the maximum number of device memory allocations, as created by vkAllocateMemory, which can simultaneously exist.

- `maxSamplerAllocationCount` is the maximum number of sampler objects, as created by vkCreateSampler, which can simultaneously exist on a device.

- `bufferImageGranularity` is the granularity, in bytes, at which buffer or linear image resources, and optimal image resources can be bound to adjacent offsets in the same `VkDeviceMemory` object without aliasing. See Buffer-Image Granularity for more details.

- `sparseAddressSpaceSize` is the total amount of address space available, in bytes, for sparse memory resources. This is an upper bound on the sum of the sizes of all sparse resources, regardless of whether any memory is bound to them.

- `maxBoundDescriptorSets` is the maximum number of descriptor sets that can be simultaneously used by a pipeline. All `DescriptorSet` decorations in shader modules must have a value less than `maxBoundDescriptorSets`. See Descriptor Sets.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers` is the maximum number of samplers that can be accessible to a single shader stage in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. A descriptor is accessible to a shader stage when the `stageFlags` member of the `VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding` structure has the bit for that shader stage set. See Sampler and Combined Image Sampler.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers` is the maximum number of uniform buffers that can be accessible to a single shader stage in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. A descriptor is accessible to a shader stage when the `stageFlags` member of the `VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding` structure has the bit for that shader stage set. See Uniform Buffer and Dynamic Uniform Buffer.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers` is the maximum number of storage buffers that can be accessible to a single shader stage in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. A descriptor is accessible to a pipeline shader stage when the `stageFlags` member of the `VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding` structure has the bit for that shader stage set. See Storage Buffer and Dynamic Storage Buffer.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages` is the maximum number of sampled images that can be accessible to a single shader stage in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. A descriptor is accessible to a pipeline shader stage when the `stageFlags` member of the `VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding` structure has the bit for that shader stage set. See Combined Image Sampler, Sampled Image, and Uniform Texel Buffer.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages` is the maximum number of storage images that can be accessible to a single shader stage in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. A descriptor is accessible to a pipeline shader stage when the `stageFlags` member of the `VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding` structure has the bit for that shader stage set. See Storage Image, and Storage Texel Buffer.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorInputAttachments` is the maximum number of input attachments that can be accessible to a single shader stage in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. A descriptor is accessible to a pipeline shader stage when the `stageFlags` member of the `VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding` structure has the bit for that shader stage set. These are only supported for the fragment stage. See Input Attachment.

- `maxPerStageResources` is the maximum number of resources that can be accessible to a single shader stage in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. For the fragment shader stage the framebuffer color attachments also count against this limit.

- `maxDescriptorSetSamplers` is the maximum number of samplers that can be included in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. See Sampler and Combined Image Sampler.

- `maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers` is the maximum number of uniform buffers that can be included in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. See Uniform Buffer and Dynamic Uniform Buffer.

- `maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffersDynamic` is the maximum number of dynamic uniform buffers that can be included in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. See Dynamic Uniform Buffer.

- `maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers` is the maximum number of storage buffers that can be included in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. See Storage Buffer and Dynamic Storage Buffer.

- `maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffersDynamic` is the maximum number of dynamic storage buffers that can be included in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. See Dynamic Storage Buffer.

- `maxDescriptorSetSampledImages` is the maximum number of sampled images that can be included in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER`, `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. See Combined Image Sampler, Sampled Image, and Uniform Texel Buffer.

- `maxDescriptorSetStorageImages` is the maximum number of storage images that can be included in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE`, or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. See Storage Image, and Storage Texel Buffer.

- `maxDescriptorSetInputAttachments` is the maximum number of input attachments that can be included in a pipeline layout. Descriptors with a type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT` count against this limit. Only descriptors in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit. See Input Attachment.

- `maxVertexInputAttributes` is the maximum number of vertex input attributes that can be specified for a graphics pipeline. These are described in the array of `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription` structures that are provided at graphics pipeline creation time via the `pVertexAttributeDescriptions` member of the VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo structure. See Vertex Attributes and Vertex Input Description.

- `maxVertexInputBindings` is the maximum number of vertex buffers that can be specified for providing vertex attributes to a graphics pipeline. These are described in the array of `VkVertexInputBindingDescription` structures that are provided at graphics pipeline creation time via the `pVertexBindingDescriptions` member of the VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo structure. The `binding` member of `VkVertexInputBindingDescription` must be less than this limit. See Vertex Input Description.

- `maxVertexInputAttributeOffset` is the maximum vertex input attribute offset that can be added to the vertex input binding stride. The `offset` member of the `VkVertexInputAttributeDescription` structure must be less than or equal to this limit. See Vertex Input Description.

- `maxVertexInputBindingStride` is the maximum vertex input binding stride that can be specified in a vertex input binding. The `stride` member of the `VkVertexInputBindingDescription` structure must be less than or equal to this limit. See Vertex Input Description.

- `maxVertexOutputComponents` is the maximum number of components of output variables which can be output by a vertex shader. See Vertex Shaders.

- `maxTessellationGenerationLevel` is the maximum tessellation generation level supported by the fixed-function tessellation primitive generator. See Tessellation.

- `maxTessellationPatchSize` is the maximum patch size, in vertices, of patches that can be processed by the tessellation control shader and tessellation primitive generator. The `patchControlPoints` member of the VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo structure specified at pipeline creation time and the value provided in the `OutputVertices` execution mode of shader modules must be less than or equal to this limit. See Tessellation.

- `maxTessellationControlPerVertexInputComponents` is the maximum number of components of input variables which can be provided as per-vertex inputs to the tessellation control shader stage.

- `maxTessellationControlPerVertexOutputComponents` is the maximum number of components of per-vertex output variables which can be output from the tessellation control shader stage.

- `maxTessellationControlPerPatchOutputComponents` is the maximum number of components of per-patch output variables which can be output from the tessellation control shader stage.

- `maxTessellationControlTotalOutputComponents` is the maximum total number of components of per-vertex and per-patch output variables which can be output from the tessellation control shader stage.

- `maxTessellationEvaluationInputComponents` is the maximum number of components of input variables which can be provided as per-vertex inputs to the tessellation evaluation shader stage.

- `maxTessellationEvaluationOutputComponents` is the maximum number of components of per-vertex output variables which can be output from the tessellation evaluation shader stage.

- `maxGeometryShaderInvocations` is the maximum invocation count supported for instanced geometry shaders. The value provided in the `Invocations` execution mode of shader modules must be less than or equal to this limit. See Geometry Shading.

- `maxGeometryInputComponents` is the maximum number of components of input variables which can be provided as inputs to the geometry shader stage.

- `maxGeometryOutputComponents` is the maximum number of components of output variables which can be output from the geometry shader stage.

- `maxGeometryOutputVertices` is the maximum number of vertices which can be emitted by any geometry shader.

- `maxGeometryTotalOutputComponents` is the maximum total number of components of output variables, across all emitted vertices, which can be output from the geometry shader stage.

- `maxFragmentInputComponents` is the maximum number of components of input variables which can be provided as inputs to the fragment shader stage.

- `maxFragmentOutputAttachments` is the maximum number of output attachments which can be written to by the fragment shader stage.

- `maxFragmentDualSrcAttachments` is the maximum number of output attachments which can be written to by the fragment shader stage when blending is enabled and one of the dual source blend modes is in use. See Dual-Source Blending and dualSrcBlend.

- `maxFragmentCombinedOutputResources` is the total number of storage buffers, storage images, and output `Location` decorated color attachments (described in Fragment Output Interface) which can be used in the fragment shader stage.

- `maxComputeSharedMemorySize` is the maximum total storage size, in bytes, available for variables declared with the `Workgroup` storage class in shader modules (or with the `shared` storage qualifier in GLSL) in the compute shader stage. The amount of storage consumed by the variables declared with the `Workgroup` storage class is implementation-dependent. However, the amount of storage consumed may not exceed the largest block size that would be obtained if all active variables declared with `Workgroup` storage class were assigned offsets in an arbitrary order by successively taking the smallest valid offset according to the Standard Storage Buffer Layout rules. (This is equivalent to using the GLSL std430 layout rules.)

- `maxComputeWorkGroupCount`[3] is the maximum number of local workgroups that can be dispatched by a single dispatching command. These three values represent the maximum number of local workgroups for the X, Y, and Z dimensions, respectively. The workgroup count parameters to the dispatching commands must be less than or equal to the corresponding limit. See Dispatching Commands.

- `maxComputeWorkGroupInvocations` is the maximum total number of compute shader invocations in a single local workgroup. The product of the X, Y, and Z sizes, as specified by the `LocalSize` or `LocalSizeId` execution mode in shader modules or by the object decorated by the `WorkgroupSize` decoration, must be less than or equal to this limit.

- `maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[3] is the maximum size of a local compute workgroup, per dimension. These three values represent the maximum local workgroup size in the X, Y, and Z dimensions, respectively. The `x`, `y`, and `z` sizes, as specified by the `LocalSize` or `LocalSizeId` execution mode or by the object decorated by the `WorkgroupSize` decoration in shader modules, must be less than or equal to the corresponding limit.

- `subPixelPrecisionBits` is the number of bits of subpixel precision in framebuffer coordinates xf and yf. See Rasterization.

- `subTexelPrecisionBits` is the number of bits of precision in the division along an axis of an image used for minification and magnification filters. 2`subTexelPrecisionBits` is the actual number of divisions along each axis of the image represented. Sub-texel values calculated during image sampling will snap to these locations when generating the filtered results.

- `mipmapPrecisionBits` is the number of bits of division that the LOD calculation for mipmap fetching get snapped to when determining the contribution from each mip level to the mip filtered results. 2`mipmapPrecisionBits` is the actual number of divisions.

- `maxDrawIndexedIndexValue` is the maximum index value that can be used for indexed draw calls when using 32-bit indices. This excludes the primitive restart index value of 0xFFFFFFFF. See fullDrawIndexUint32.

- `maxDrawIndirectCount` is the maximum draw count that is supported for indirect drawing calls. See multiDrawIndirect.

- `maxSamplerLodBias` is the maximum absolute sampler LOD bias. The sum of the `mipLodBias` member of the VkSamplerCreateInfo structure and the `Bias` operand of image sampling operations in shader modules (or 0 if no `Bias` operand is provided to an image sampling operation) are clamped to the range [-`maxSamplerLodBias`,+`maxSamplerLodBias`]. See [samplers-mipLodBias].

- `maxSamplerAnisotropy` is the maximum degree of sampler anisotropy. The maximum degree of anisotropic filtering used for an image sampling operation is the minimum of the `maxAnisotropy` member of the VkSamplerCreateInfo structure and this limit. See [samplers-maxAnisotropy].

- `maxViewports` is the maximum number of active viewports. The `viewportCount` member of the VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo structure that is provided at pipeline creation must be less than or equal to this limit.

- `maxViewportDimensions`[2] are the maximum viewport dimensions in the X (width) and Y (height) dimensions, respectively. The maximum viewport dimensions must be greater than or equal to the largest image which can be created and used as a framebuffer attachment. See Controlling the Viewport.

- `viewportBoundsRange`[2] is the [minimum, maximum] range that the corners of a viewport must be contained in. This range must be at least [-2 × `size`, 2 × `size` - 1], where `size` = max(`maxViewportDimensions`[0], `maxViewportDimensions`[1]). See Controlling the Viewport.

  | Note The intent of the `viewportBoundsRange` limit is to allow a maximum sized viewport to be arbitrarily shifted relative to the output target as long as at least some portion intersects. This would give a bounds limit of [-`size` + 1, 2 × `size` - 1] which would allow all possible non-empty-set intersections of the output target and the viewport. Since these numbers are typically powers of two, picking the signed number range using the smallest possible number of bits ends up with the specified range.

- `viewportSubPixelBits` is the number of bits of subpixel precision for viewport bounds. The subpixel precision that floating-point viewport bounds are interpreted at is given by this limit.

- `minMemoryMapAlignment` is the minimum required alignment, in bytes, of host visible memory allocations within the host address space. When mapping a memory allocation with vkMapMemory, subtracting `offset` bytes from the returned pointer will always produce an integer multiple of this limit. See Host Access to Device Memory Objects. The value must be a power of two.

- `minTexelBufferOffsetAlignment` is the minimum required alignment, in bytes, for the `offset` member of the VkBufferViewCreateInfo structure for texel buffers. The value must be a power of two. If texelBufferAlignment is enabled, this limit is equivalent to the maximum of the `uniformTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes` and `storageTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes` members of VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties, but smaller alignment is optionally allowed by `storageTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment` and `uniformTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment`. If texelBufferAlignment is not enabled, VkBufferViewCreateInfo::`offset` must be a multiple of this value.

- `minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment` is the minimum required alignment, in bytes, for the `offset` member of the `VkDescriptorBufferInfo` structure for uniform buffers. When a descriptor of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` is updated, the `offset` must be an integer multiple of this limit. Similarly, dynamic offsets for uniform buffers must be multiples of this limit. The value must be a power of two.

- `minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment` is the minimum required alignment, in bytes, for the `offset` member of the `VkDescriptorBufferInfo` structure for storage buffers. When a descriptor of type `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER` or `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER_DYNAMIC` is updated, the `offset` must be an integer multiple of this limit. Similarly, dynamic offsets for storage buffers must be multiples of this limit. The value must be a power of two.

- `minTexelOffset` is the minimum offset value for the `ConstOffset` image operand of any of the `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageFetch*` image instructions.

- `maxTexelOffset` is the maximum offset value for the `ConstOffset` image operand of any of the `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageFetch*` image instructions.

- `minTexelGatherOffset` is the minimum offset value for the `Offset`, `ConstOffset`, or `ConstOffsets` image operands of any of the `OpImage*Gather` image instructions.

- `maxTexelGatherOffset` is the maximum offset value for the `Offset`, `ConstOffset`, or `ConstOffsets` image operands of any of the `OpImage*Gather` image instructions.

- `minInterpolationOffset` is the base minimum (inclusive) negative offset value for the `Offset` operand of the `InterpolateAtOffset` extended instruction.

- `maxInterpolationOffset` is the base maximum (inclusive) positive offset value for the `Offset` operand of the `InterpolateAtOffset` extended instruction.

- `subPixelInterpolationOffsetBits` is the number of fractional bits that the `x` and `y` offsets to the `InterpolateAtOffset` extended instruction may be rounded to as fixed-point values.

- `maxFramebufferWidth` is the maximum width for a framebuffer. The `width` member of the VkFramebufferCreateInfo structure must be less than or equal to this limit.

- `maxFramebufferHeight` is the maximum height for a framebuffer. The `height` member of the VkFramebufferCreateInfo structure must be less than or equal to this limit.

- `maxFramebufferLayers` is the maximum layer count for a layered framebuffer. The `layers` member of the VkFramebufferCreateInfo structure must be less than or equal to this limit.

- `framebufferColorSampleCounts` is a bitmask1 of VkSampleCountFlagBits indicating the color sample counts that are supported for all framebuffer color attachments with floating- or fixed-point formats. For color attachments with integer formats, see `framebufferIntegerColorSampleCounts`.

- `framebufferDepthSampleCounts` is a bitmask1 of VkSampleCountFlagBits indicating the supported depth sample counts for all framebuffer depth/stencil attachments, when the format includes a depth component.

- `framebufferStencilSampleCounts` is a bitmask1 of VkSampleCountFlagBits indicating the supported stencil sample counts for all framebuffer depth/stencil attachments, when the format includes a stencil component.

- `framebufferNoAttachmentsSampleCounts` is a bitmask1 of VkSampleCountFlagBits indicating the supported sample counts for a subpass which uses no attachments.

- `maxColorAttachments` is the maximum number of color attachments that can be used by a subpass in a render pass. The `colorAttachmentCount` member of the `VkSubpassDescription` or `VkSubpassDescription2` structure must be less than or equal to this limit.

- `sampledImageColorSampleCounts` is a bitmask1 of VkSampleCountFlagBits indicating the sample counts supported for all 2D images created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, and a non-integer color format.

- `sampledImageIntegerSampleCounts` is a bitmask1 of VkSampleCountFlagBits indicating the sample counts supported for all 2D images created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, and an integer color format.

- `sampledImageDepthSampleCounts` is a bitmask1 of VkSampleCountFlagBits indicating the sample counts supported for all 2D images created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, and a depth format.

- `sampledImageStencilSampleCounts` is a bitmask1 of VkSampleCountFlagBits indicating the sample counts supported for all 2D images created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, and a stencil format.

- `storageImageSampleCounts` is a bitmask1 of VkSampleCountFlagBits indicating the sample counts supported for all 2D images created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, and `usage` containing `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`.

- `maxSampleMaskWords` is the maximum number of array elements of a variable decorated with the `SampleMask` built-in decoration.

- `timestampComputeAndGraphics` specifies support for timestamps on all graphics and compute queues. If this limit is set to `VK_TRUE`, all queues that advertise the `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT` in the `VkQueueFamilyProperties`::`queueFlags` support `VkQueueFamilyProperties`::`timestampValidBits` of at least 36. See Timestamp Queries.

- `timestampPeriod` is the number of nanoseconds required for a timestamp query to be incremented by 1. See Timestamp Queries.

- `maxClipDistances` is the maximum number of clip distances that can be used in a single shader stage. The size of any array declared with the `ClipDistance` built-in decoration in a shader module must be less than or equal to this limit.

- `maxCullDistances` is the maximum number of cull distances that can be used in a single shader stage. The size of any array declared with the `CullDistance` built-in decoration in a shader module must be less than or equal to this limit.

- `maxCombinedClipAndCullDistances` is the maximum combined number of clip and cull distances that can be used in a single shader stage. The sum of the sizes of any pair of arrays declared with the `ClipDistance` and `CullDistance` built-in decoration used by a single shader stage in a shader module must be less than or equal to this limit.

- `discreteQueuePriorities` is the number of discrete priorities that can be assigned to a queue based on the value of each member of VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo::`pQueuePriorities`. This must be at least 2, and levels must be spread evenly over the range, with at least one level at 1.0, and another at 0.0. See Queue Priority.

- `pointSizeRange`[2] is the range [`minimum`,`maximum`] of supported sizes for points. Values written to variables decorated with the `PointSize` built-in decoration are clamped to this range.

- `lineWidthRange`[2] is the range [`minimum`,`maximum`] of supported widths for lines. Values specified by the `lineWidth` member of the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo or the `lineWidth` parameter to `vkCmdSetLineWidth` are clamped to this range.

- `pointSizeGranularity` is the granularity of supported point sizes. Not all point sizes in the range defined by `pointSizeRange` are supported. This limit specifies the granularity (or increment) between successive supported point sizes.

- `lineWidthGranularity` is the granularity of supported line widths. Not all line widths in the range defined by `lineWidthRange` are supported. This limit specifies the granularity (or increment) between successive supported line widths.

- `strictLines` specifies whether lines are rasterized according to the preferred method of rasterization. If set to `VK_FALSE`, lines may be rasterized under a relaxed set of rules. If set to `VK_TRUE`, lines are rasterized as per the strict definition. See Basic Line Segment Rasterization.

- `standardSampleLocations` specifies whether rasterization uses the standard sample locations as documented in Multisampling. If set to `VK_TRUE`, the implementation uses the documented sample locations. If set to `VK_FALSE`, the implementation may use different sample locations.

- `optimalBufferCopyOffsetAlignment` is the optimal buffer offset alignment in bytes for vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2, vkCmdCopyBufferToImage, vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2, and vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer. The per texel alignment requirements are enforced, but applications should use the optimal alignment for optimal performance and power use. The value must be a power of two.

- `optimalBufferCopyRowPitchAlignment` is the optimal buffer row pitch alignment in bytes for vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2, vkCmdCopyBufferToImage, vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2, and vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer. Row pitch is the number of bytes between texels with the same X coordinate in adjacent rows (Y coordinates differ by one). The per texel alignment requirements are enforced, but applications should use the optimal alignment for optimal performance and power use. The value must be a power of two.

- `nonCoherentAtomSize` is the size and alignment in bytes that bounds concurrent access to host-mapped device memory. The value must be a power of two.

  1

    For all bitmasks of VkSampleCountFlagBits, the sample count limits defined above represent the minimum supported sample counts for each image type. Individual images may support additional sample counts, which are queried using vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties as described in Supported Sample Counts.

Bits which may be set in the sample count limits returned by VkPhysicalDeviceLimits, as well as in other queries and structures representing image sample counts, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkSampleCountFlagBits {
        VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT = 0x00000040,
    } VkSampleCountFlagBits;

- `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` specifies an image with one sample per pixel.

- `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT` specifies an image with 2 samples per pixel.

- `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT` specifies an image with 4 samples per pixel.

- `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT` specifies an image with 8 samples per pixel.

- `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT` specifies an image with 16 samples per pixel.

- `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT` specifies an image with 32 samples per pixel.

- `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT` specifies an image with 64 samples per pixel.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkSampleCountFlags;

`VkSampleCountFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkSampleCountFlagBits.

The `VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint32_t           maxMultiviewViewCount;
        uint32_t           maxMultiviewInstanceIndex;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `maxMultiviewViewCount` is one greater than the maximum view index that can be used in a subpass.

- `maxMultiviewInstanceIndex` is the maximum valid value of instance index allowed to be generated by a drawing command recorded within a subpass of a multiview render pass instance.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties {
        VkStructureType                      sType;
        void*                                pNext;
        VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence    denormBehaviorIndependence;
        VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence    roundingModeIndependence;
        VkBool32                             shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat16;
        VkBool32                             shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat32;
        VkBool32                             shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat64;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormPreserveFloat16;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormPreserveFloat32;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormPreserveFloat64;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat16;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat32;
        VkBool32                             shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat64;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat16;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat32;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat64;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat16;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat32;
        VkBool32                             shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat64;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `denormBehaviorIndependence` is a VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence value indicating whether, and how, denorm behavior can be set independently for different bit widths.

- `roundingModeIndependence` is a VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence value indicating whether, and how, rounding modes can be set independently for different bit widths.

- `shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat16` is a boolean value indicating whether sign of a zero, Nans and ±∞ can be preserved in 16-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` execution mode can be used for 16-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat32` is a boolean value indicating whether sign of a zero, Nans and ±∞ can be preserved in 32-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` execution mode can be used for 32-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat64` is a boolean value indicating whether sign of a zero, Nans and ±∞ can be preserved in 64-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` execution mode can be used for 64-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormPreserveFloat16` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be preserved in 16-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormPreserve` execution mode can be used for 16-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormPreserveFloat32` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be preserved in 32-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormPreserve` execution mode can be used for 32-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormPreserveFloat64` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be preserved in 64-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormPreserve` execution mode can be used for 64-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat16` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be flushed to zero in 16-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormFlushToZero` execution mode can be used for 16-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat32` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be flushed to zero in 32-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormFlushToZero` execution mode can be used for 32-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat64` is a boolean value indicating whether denormals can be flushed to zero in 64-bit floating-point computations. It also indicates whether the `DenormFlushToZero` execution mode can be used for 64-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat16` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-to-nearest-even rounding mode for 16-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTE` execution mode can be used for 16-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat32` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-to-nearest-even rounding mode for 32-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTE` execution mode can be used for 32-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat64` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-to-nearest-even rounding mode for 64-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTE` execution mode can be used for 64-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat16` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-towards-zero rounding mode for 16-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTZ` execution mode can be used for 16-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat32` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-towards-zero rounding mode for 32-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTZ` execution mode can be used for 32-bit floating-point types.

- `shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat64` is a boolean value indicating whether an implementation supports the round-towards-zero rounding mode for 64-bit floating-point arithmetic and conversion instructions. It also indicates whether the `RoundingModeRTZ` execution mode can be used for 64-bit floating-point types.

| editing-note Implementations may not be able to control behavior of denorms for floating-point atomics. This needs to be taken into account when such atomics will be added to Vulkan.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FLOAT_CONTROLS_PROPERTIES`

Values which may be returned in the `denormBehaviorIndependence` and `roundingModeIndependence` fields of `VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties` are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef enum VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence {
        VK_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_INDEPENDENCE_32_BIT_ONLY = 0,
        VK_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_INDEPENDENCE_ALL = 1,
        VK_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_INDEPENDENCE_NONE = 2,
    } VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence;

- `VK_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_INDEPENDENCE_32_BIT_ONLY` specifies that shader float controls for 32-bit floating point can be set independently; other bit widths must be set identically to each other.

- `VK_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_INDEPENDENCE_ALL` specifies that shader float controls for all bit widths can be set independently.

- `VK_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_INDEPENDENCE_NONE` specifies that shader float controls for all bit widths must be set identically.

The `VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        void*                      pNext;
        VkPointClippingBehavior    pointClippingBehavior;
    } VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `pointClippingBehavior` is a VkPointClippingBehavior value specifying the point clipping behavior supported by the implementation.

If the `VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_POINT_CLIPPING_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties {
        VkStructureType           sType;
        void*                     pNext;
        uint32_t                  subgroupSize;
        VkShaderStageFlags        supportedStages;
        VkSubgroupFeatureFlags    supportedOperations;
        VkBool32                  quadOperationsInAllStages;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `subgroupSize` is the default number of invocations in each subgroup. `subgroupSize` is at least 1 if any of the physical device’s queues support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`. `subgroupSize` is a power-of-two.

- `supportedStages` is a bitfield of VkShaderStageFlagBits describing the shader stages that group operations with subgroup scope are supported in. `supportedStages` will have the `VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT` bit set if any of the physical device’s queues support `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`.

- `supportedOperations` is a bitmask of VkSubgroupFeatureFlagBits specifying the sets of group operations with subgroup scope supported on this device. `supportedOperations` will have the `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT` bit set if any of the physical device’s queues support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`.

- `quadOperationsInAllStages` is a boolean specifying whether quad group operations are available in all stages, or are restricted to fragment and compute stages.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

If `supportedOperations` includes `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_QUAD_BIT`, `subgroupSize` must be greater than or equal to 4.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_PROPERTIES`

Bits which can be set in VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties::`supportedOperations` and VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties::`subgroupSupportedOperations` to specify supported group operations with subgroup scope are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkSubgroupFeatureFlagBits {
        VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_VOTE_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_ARITHMETIC_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BALLOT_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_RELATIVE_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_CLUSTERED_BIT = 0x00000040,
        VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_QUAD_BIT = 0x00000080,
    } VkSubgroupFeatureFlagBits;

- `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT` specifies the device will accept SPIR-V shader modules containing the `GroupNonUniform` capability.

- `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_VOTE_BIT` specifies the device will accept SPIR-V shader modules containing the `GroupNonUniformVote` capability.

- `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_ARITHMETIC_BIT` specifies the device will accept SPIR-V shader modules containing the `GroupNonUniformArithmetic` capability.

- `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BALLOT_BIT` specifies the device will accept SPIR-V shader modules containing the `GroupNonUniformBallot` capability.

- `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_BIT` specifies the device will accept SPIR-V shader modules containing the `GroupNonUniformShuffle` capability.

- `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_RELATIVE_BIT` specifies the device will accept SPIR-V shader modules containing the `GroupNonUniformShuffleRelative` capability.

- `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_CLUSTERED_BIT` specifies the device will accept SPIR-V shader modules containing the `GroupNonUniformClustered` capability.

- `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_QUAD_BIT` specifies the device will accept SPIR-V shader modules containing the `GroupNonUniformQuad` capability.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkSubgroupFeatureFlags;

`VkSubgroupFeatureFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkSubgroupFeatureFlagBits.

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlProperties {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        void*                 pNext;
        uint32_t              minSubgroupSize;
        uint32_t              maxSubgroupSize;
        uint32_t              maxComputeWorkgroupSubgroups;
        VkShaderStageFlags    requiredSubgroupSizeStages;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `minSubgroupSize` is the minimum subgroup size supported by this device. `minSubgroupSize` is at least one if any of the physical device’s queues support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`. `minSubgroupSize` is a power-of-two. `minSubgroupSize` is less than or equal to `maxSubgroupSize`. `minSubgroupSize` is less than or equal to subgroupSize.

- `maxSubgroupSize` is the maximum subgroup size supported by this device. `maxSubgroupSize` is at least one if any of the physical device’s queues support `VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT` or `VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT`. `maxSubgroupSize` is a power-of-two. `maxSubgroupSize` is greater than or equal to `minSubgroupSize`. `maxSubgroupSize` is greater than or equal to subgroupSize.

- `maxComputeWorkgroupSubgroups` is the maximum number of subgroups supported by the implementation within a workgroup.

- `requiredSubgroupSizeStages` is a bitfield of what shader stages support having a required subgroup size specified.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

If VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties::`supportedOperations` includes `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_QUAD_BIT`, `minSubgroupSize` must be greater than or equal to 4.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CONTROL_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           filterMinmaxSingleComponentFormats;
        VkBool32           filterMinmaxImageComponentMapping;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `filterMinmaxSingleComponentFormats` is a boolean value indicating whether a minimum set of required formats support min/max filtering.

- `filterMinmaxImageComponentMapping` is a boolean value indicating whether the implementation supports non-identity component mapping of the image when doing min/max filtering.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

If `filterMinmaxSingleComponentFormats` is `VK_TRUE`, the following formats must support the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT` feature with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`, if they support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`:

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_SNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT`

- `VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32`

- `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT`

- `VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT`

If the format is a depth/stencil format, this bit only specifies that the depth aspect (not the stencil aspect) of an image of this format supports min/max filtering, and that min/max filtering of the depth aspect is supported when depth compare is disabled in the sampler.

If `filterMinmaxImageComponentMapping` is `VK_FALSE` the component mapping of the image view used with min/max filtering must have been created with the `r` component set to the identity swizzle. Only the `r` component of the sampled image value is defined and the other component values are undefined. If `filterMinmaxImageComponentMapping` is `VK_TRUE` this restriction does not apply and image component mapping works as normal.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SAMPLER_FILTER_MINMAX_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkBool32           protectedNoFault;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `protectedNoFault` specifies how an implementation behaves when an application attempts to write to unprotected memory in a protected queue operation, read from protected memory in an unprotected queue operation, or perform a query in a protected queue operation. If this limit is `VK_TRUE`, such writes will be discarded or have undefined values written, reads and queries will return undefined values. If this limit is `VK_FALSE`, applications must not perform these operations. See Protected Memory Access Rules for more information.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint32_t           maxPerSetDescriptors;
        VkDeviceSize       maxMemoryAllocationSize;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `maxPerSetDescriptors` is a maximum number of descriptors (summed over all descriptor types) in a single descriptor set that is guaranteed to satisfy any implementation-dependent constraints on the size of a descriptor set itself. Applications can query whether a descriptor set that goes beyond this limit is supported using vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutSupport.

- `maxMemoryAllocationSize` is the maximum size of a memory allocation that can be created, even if there is more space available in the heap.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MAINTENANCE_3_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Properties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Properties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkDeviceSize       maxBufferSize;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Properties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `maxBufferSize` is the maximum size `VkBuffer` that can be created.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Properties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Properties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MAINTENANCE_4_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint32_t           maxUpdateAfterBindDescriptorsInAllPools;
        VkBool32           shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative;
        VkBool32           shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative;
        VkBool32           shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative;
        VkBool32           shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative;
        VkBool32           shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexingNative;
        VkBool32           robustBufferAccessUpdateAfterBind;
        VkBool32           quadDivergentImplicitLod;
        uint32_t           maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSamplers;
        uint32_t           maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers;
        uint32_t           maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers;
        uint32_t           maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSampledImages;
        uint32_t           maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageImages;
        uint32_t           maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments;
        uint32_t           maxPerStageUpdateAfterBindResources;
        uint32_t           maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSamplers;
        uint32_t           maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers;
        uint32_t           maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffersDynamic;
        uint32_t           maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers;
        uint32_t           maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffersDynamic;
        uint32_t           maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSampledImages;
        uint32_t           maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageImages;
        uint32_t           maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `maxUpdateAfterBindDescriptorsInAllPools` is the maximum number of descriptors (summed over all descriptor types) that can be created across all pools that are created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT` bit set. Pool creation may fail when this limit is exceeded, or when the space this limit represents is unable to satisfy a pool creation due to fragmentation.

- `shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` is a boolean value indicating whether uniform buffer descriptors natively support nonuniform indexing. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then a single dynamic instance of an instruction that nonuniformly indexes an array of uniform buffers may execute multiple times in order to access all the descriptors.

- `shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` is a boolean value indicating whether sampler and image descriptors natively support nonuniform indexing. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then a single dynamic instance of an instruction that nonuniformly indexes an array of samplers or images may execute multiple times in order to access all the descriptors.

- `shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` is a boolean value indicating whether storage buffer descriptors natively support nonuniform indexing. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then a single dynamic instance of an instruction that nonuniformly indexes an array of storage buffers may execute multiple times in order to access all the descriptors.

- `shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` is a boolean value indicating whether storage image descriptors natively support nonuniform indexing. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then a single dynamic instance of an instruction that nonuniformly indexes an array of storage images may execute multiple times in order to access all the descriptors.

- `shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` is a boolean value indicating whether input attachment descriptors natively support nonuniform indexing. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then a single dynamic instance of an instruction that nonuniformly indexes an array of input attachments may execute multiple times in order to access all the descriptors.

- `robustBufferAccessUpdateAfterBind` is a boolean value indicating whether `robustBufferAccess` can be enabled in a device simultaneously with `descriptorBindingUniformBufferUpdateAfterBind`, `descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind`, `descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind`, and/or `descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind`. If this is `VK_FALSE`, then either `robustBufferAccess` must be disabled or all of these update-after-bind features must be disabled.

- `quadDivergentImplicitLod` is a boolean value indicating whether implicit level of detail calculations for image operations have well-defined results when the image and/or sampler objects used for the instruction are not uniform within a quad. See Derivative Image Operations.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSamplers` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSampledImages` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageImages` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorInputAttachments` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxPerStageUpdateAfterBindResources` is similar to `maxPerStageResources` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSamplers` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetSamplers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffersDynamic` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffersDynamic` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set. While an application can allocate dynamic uniform buffer descriptors from a pool created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT`, bindings for these descriptors must not be present in any descriptor set layout that includes bindings created with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffersDynamic` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffersDynamic` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set. While an application can allocate dynamic storage buffer descriptors from a pool created with the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT`, bindings for these descriptors must not be present in any descriptor set layout that includes bindings created with `VK_DESCRIPTOR_BINDING_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSampledImages` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetSampledImages` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageImages` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetStorageImages` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetInputAttachments` but counts descriptors from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_INDEXING_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint32_t           maxInlineUniformBlockSize;
        uint32_t           maxPerStageDescriptorInlineUniformBlocks;
        uint32_t           maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks;
        uint32_t           maxDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlocks;
        uint32_t           maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `maxInlineUniformBlockSize` is the maximum size in bytes of an inline uniform block binding.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorInlineUniformBlock` is the maximum number of inline uniform block bindings that can be accessible to a single shader stage in a pipeline layout. Descriptor bindings with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` count against this limit. Only descriptor bindings in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit.

- `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks` is similar to `maxPerStageDescriptorInlineUniformBlocks` but counts descriptor bindings from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

- `maxDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlocks` is the maximum number of inline uniform block bindings that can be included in descriptor bindings in a pipeline layout across all pipeline shader stages and descriptor set numbers. Descriptor bindings with a descriptor type of `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK` count against this limit. Only descriptor bindings in descriptor set layouts created without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set count against this limit.

- `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks` is similar to `maxDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlocks` but counts descriptor bindings from descriptor sets created with or without the `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT` bit set.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        void*                 pNext;
        VkResolveModeFlags    supportedDepthResolveModes;
        VkResolveModeFlags    supportedStencilResolveModes;
        VkBool32              independentResolveNone;
        VkBool32              independentResolve;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `supportedDepthResolveModes` is a bitmask of VkResolveModeFlagBits indicating the set of supported depth resolve modes. `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_ZERO_BIT` must be included in the set but implementations may support additional modes.

- `supportedStencilResolveModes` is a bitmask of VkResolveModeFlagBits indicating the set of supported stencil resolve modes. `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_ZERO_BIT` must be included in the set but implementations may support additional modes. `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_AVERAGE_BIT` must not be included in the set.

- `independentResolveNone` is `VK_TRUE` if the implementation supports setting the depth and stencil resolve modes to different values when one of those modes is `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`. Otherwise the implementation only supports setting both modes to the same value.

- `independentResolve` is `VK_TRUE` if the implementation supports all combinations of the supported depth and stencil resolve modes, including setting either depth or stencil resolve mode to `VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE`. An implementation that supports `independentResolve` must also support `independentResolveNone`.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        VkDeviceSize       storageTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes;
        VkBool32           storageTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment;
        VkDeviceSize       uniformTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes;
        VkBool32           uniformTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `storageTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes` is a byte alignment that is sufficient for a storage texel buffer of any format. The value must be a power of two.

- `storageTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment` indicates whether single texel alignment is sufficient for a storage texel buffer of any format. The value must be a power of two.

- `uniformTexelBufferOffsetAlignmentBytes` is a byte alignment that is sufficient for a uniform texel buffer of any format. The value must be a power of two.

- `uniformTexelBufferOffsetSingleTexelAlignment` indicates whether single texel alignment is sufficient for a uniform texel buffer of any format. The value must be a power of two.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

If the single texel alignment property is `VK_FALSE`, then the buffer view’s offset must be aligned to the corresponding byte alignment value. If the single texel alignment property is `VK_TRUE`, then the buffer view’s offset must be aligned to the lesser of the corresponding byte alignment value or the size of a single texel, based on VkBufferViewCreateInfo::`format`. If the size of a single texel is a multiple of three bytes, then the size of a single component of the format is used instead.

These limits must not advertise a larger alignment than the required maximum minimum value of VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`minTexelBufferOffsetAlignment`, for any format that supports use as a texel buffer.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT_PROPERTIES`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint64_t           maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference` indicates the maximum difference allowed by the implementation between the current value of a timeline semaphore and any pending signal or wait operations.

If the `VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties` structure is included in the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 structure passed to vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2, it is filled in with each corresponding implementation-dependent property.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_PROPERTIES`

### 33.1. Limit Requirements

The following table specifies the required minimum/maximum for all Vulkan graphics implementations. Where a limit corresponds to a fine-grained device feature which is optional, the feature name is listed with two required limits, one when the feature is supported and one when it is not supported. If an implementation supports a feature, the limits reported are the same whether or not the feature is enabled.

Table 31. Required Limit Types
Type | Limit | Feature
--- | --- | ---
`uint32_t` | `maxImageDimension1D` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxImageDimension2D` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxImageDimension3D` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxImageDimensionCube` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxImageArrayLayers` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxTexelBufferElements` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxUniformBufferRange` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxStorageBufferRange` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxPushConstantsSize` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxMemoryAllocationCount` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxSamplerAllocationCount` | -
`VkDeviceSize` | `bufferImageGranularity` | -
`VkDeviceSize` | `sparseAddressSpaceSize` | `sparseBinding`
`uint32_t` | `maxBoundDescriptorSets` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorInputAttachments` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageResources` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetSamplers` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffersDynamic` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffersDynamic` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetSampledImages` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetStorageImages` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetInputAttachments` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxVertexInputAttributes` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxVertexInputBindings` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxVertexInputAttributeOffset` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxVertexInputBindingStride` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxVertexOutputComponents` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxTessellationGenerationLevel` | `tessellationShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxTessellationPatchSize` | `tessellationShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxTessellationControlPerVertexInputComponents` | `tessellationShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxTessellationControlPerVertexOutputComponents` | `tessellationShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxTessellationControlPerPatchOutputComponents` | `tessellationShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxTessellationControlTotalOutputComponents` | `tessellationShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxTessellationEvaluationInputComponents` | `tessellationShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxTessellationEvaluationOutputComponents` | `tessellationShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxGeometryShaderInvocations` | `geometryShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxGeometryInputComponents` | `geometryShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxGeometryOutputComponents` | `geometryShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxGeometryOutputVertices` | `geometryShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxGeometryTotalOutputComponents` | `geometryShader`
`uint32_t` | `maxFragmentInputComponents` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxFragmentOutputAttachments` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxFragmentDualSrcAttachments` | `dualSrcBlend`
`uint32_t` | `maxFragmentCombinedOutputResources` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxComputeSharedMemorySize` | -
3 × `uint32_t` | `maxComputeWorkGroupCount` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxComputeWorkGroupInvocations` | -
3 × `uint32_t` | `maxComputeWorkGroupSize` | -
`uint32_t` | `subPixelPrecisionBits` | -
`uint32_t` | `subTexelPrecisionBits` | -
`uint32_t` | `mipmapPrecisionBits` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxDrawIndexedIndexValue` | `fullDrawIndexUint32`
`uint32_t` | `maxDrawIndirectCount` | `multiDrawIndirect`
`float` | `maxSamplerLodBias` | -
`float` | `maxSamplerAnisotropy` | `samplerAnisotropy`
`uint32_t` | `maxViewports` | `multiViewport`
2 × `uint32_t` | `maxViewportDimensions` | -
2 × `float` | `viewportBoundsRange` | -
`uint32_t` | `viewportSubPixelBits` | -
`size_t` | `minMemoryMapAlignment` | -
`VkDeviceSize` | `minTexelBufferOffsetAlignment` | -
`VkDeviceSize` | `minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment` | -
`VkDeviceSize` | `minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment` | -
`int32_t` | `minTexelOffset` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxTexelOffset` | -
`int32_t` | `minTexelGatherOffset` | `shaderImageGatherExtended`
`uint32_t` | `maxTexelGatherOffset` | `shaderImageGatherExtended`
`float` | `minInterpolationOffset` | `sampleRateShading`
`float` | `maxInterpolationOffset` | `sampleRateShading`
`uint32_t` | `subPixelInterpolationOffsetBits` | `sampleRateShading`
`uint32_t` | `maxFramebufferWidth` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxFramebufferHeight` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxFramebufferLayers` | -
VkSampleCountFlags | `framebufferColorSampleCounts` | -
VkSampleCountFlags | `framebufferIntegerColorSampleCounts` | -
VkSampleCountFlags | `framebufferDepthSampleCounts` | -
VkSampleCountFlags | `framebufferStencilSampleCounts` | -
VkSampleCountFlags | `framebufferNoAttachmentsSampleCounts` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxColorAttachments` | -
VkSampleCountFlags | `sampledImageColorSampleCounts` | -
VkSampleCountFlags | `sampledImageIntegerSampleCounts` | -
VkSampleCountFlags | `sampledImageDepthSampleCounts` | -
VkSampleCountFlags | `sampledImageStencilSampleCounts` | -
VkSampleCountFlags | `storageImageSampleCounts` | `shaderStorageImageMultisample`
`uint32_t` | `maxSampleMaskWords` | -
`VkBool32` | `timestampComputeAndGraphics` | -
`float` | `timestampPeriod` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxClipDistances` | `shaderClipDistance`
`uint32_t` | `maxCullDistances` | `shaderCullDistance`
`uint32_t` | `maxCombinedClipAndCullDistances` | `shaderCullDistance`
`uint32_t` | `discreteQueuePriorities` | -
2 × `float` | `pointSizeRange` | `largePoints`
2 × `float` | `lineWidthRange` | `wideLines`
`float` | `pointSizeGranularity` | `largePoints`
`float` | `lineWidthGranularity` | `wideLines`
`VkBool32` | `strictLines` | -
`VkBool32` | `standardSampleLocations` | -
`VkDeviceSize` | `optimalBufferCopyOffsetAlignment` | -
`VkDeviceSize` | `optimalBufferCopyRowPitchAlignment` | -
`VkDeviceSize` | `nonCoherentAtomSize` | -
`VkBool32` | `filterMinmaxSingleComponentFormats` | ``samplerFilterMinmax``
`VkBool32` | `filterMinmaxImageComponentMapping` | ``samplerFilterMinmax``
`VkDeviceSize` | `maxBufferSize` | ``maintenance4``
`uint32_t` | `maxUpdateAfterBindDescriptorsInAllPools` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`VkBool32` | `shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` | -
`VkBool32` | `shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` | -
`VkBool32` | `shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` | -
`VkBool32` | `shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` | -
`VkBool32` | `shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` | -
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSamplers` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSampledImages` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageImages` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageUpdateAfterBindResources` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSamplers` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffersDynamic` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffersDynamic` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSampledImages` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageImages` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` | ``descriptorIndexing``
`uint32_t` | `maxInlineUniformBlockSize` | ``inlineUniformBlock``
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorInlineUniformBlocks` | ``inlineUniformBlock``
`uint32_t` | `maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks` | ``inlineUniformBlock``
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlocks` | ``inlineUniformBlock``
`uint32_t` | `maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks` | ``inlineUniformBlock``
`uint32_t` | `maxInlineUniformTotalSize` | ``inlineUniformBlock``
`uint64_t` | `maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference` | ``timelineSemaphore``

Table 32. Required Limits
Limit | Unsupported Limit | Supported Limit | Limit Type1
--- | --- | --- | ---
`maxImageDimension1D` | - | 4096 | min
`maxImageDimension2D` | - | 4096 | min
`maxImageDimension3D` | - | 256 | min
`maxImageDimensionCube` | - | 4096 | min
`maxImageArrayLayers` | - | 256 | min
`maxTexelBufferElements` | - | 65536 | min
`maxUniformBufferRange` | - | 16384 | min
`maxStorageBufferRange` | - | 227 | min
`maxPushConstantsSize` | - | 128 | min
`maxMemoryAllocationCount` | - | 4096 | min
`maxSamplerAllocationCount` | - | 4000 | min
`bufferImageGranularity` | - | 131072 | max
`sparseAddressSpaceSize` | 0 | 231 | min
`maxBoundDescriptorSets` | - | 4 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers` | - | 16 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers` | - | 12 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers` | - | 4 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages` | - | 16 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages` | - | 4 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorInputAttachments` | - | 4 | min
`maxPerStageResources` | - | 128 2 | min
`maxDescriptorSetSamplers` | - | 96 8 | min, n × PerStage
`maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers` | - | 72 8 | min, n × PerStage
`maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffersDynamic` | - | 8 | min
`maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers` | - | 24 8 | min, n × PerStage
`maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffersDynamic` | - | 4 | min
`maxDescriptorSetSampledImages` | - | 96 8 | min, n × PerStage
`maxDescriptorSetStorageImages` | - | 24 8 | min, n × PerStage
`maxDescriptorSetInputAttachments` | - | 4 | min
`maxVertexInputAttributes` | - | 16 | min
`maxVertexInputBindings` | - | 16 | min
`maxVertexInputAttributeOffset` | - | 2047 | min
`maxVertexInputBindingStride` | - | 2048 | min
`maxVertexOutputComponents` | - | 64 | min
`maxTessellationGenerationLevel` | 0 | 64 | min
`maxTessellationPatchSize` | 0 | 32 | min
`maxTessellationControlPerVertexInputComponents` | 0 | 64 | min
`maxTessellationControlPerVertexOutputComponents` | 0 | 64 | min
`maxTessellationControlPerPatchOutputComponents` | 0 | 120 | min
`maxTessellationControlTotalOutputComponents` | 0 | 2048 | min
`maxTessellationEvaluationInputComponents` | 0 | 64 | min
`maxTessellationEvaluationOutputComponents` | 0 | 64 | min
`maxGeometryShaderInvocations` | 0 | 32 | min
`maxGeometryInputComponents` | 0 | 64 | min
`maxGeometryOutputComponents` | 0 | 64 | min
`maxGeometryOutputVertices` | 0 | 256 | min
`maxGeometryTotalOutputComponents` | 0 | 1024 | min
`maxFragmentInputComponents` | - | 64 | min
`maxFragmentOutputAttachments` | - | 4 | min
`maxFragmentDualSrcAttachments` | 0 | 1 | min
`maxFragmentCombinedOutputResources` | - | 4 | min
`maxComputeSharedMemorySize` | - | 16384 | min
`maxComputeWorkGroupCount` | - | (65535,65535,65535) | min
`maxComputeWorkGroupInvocations` | - | 128 | min
`maxComputeWorkGroupSize` | - | (128,128,64) | min
`subPixelPrecisionBits` | - | 4 | min
`subTexelPrecisionBits` | - | 4 | min
`mipmapPrecisionBits` | - | 4 | min
`maxDrawIndexedIndexValue` | 224-1 | 232-1 | min
`maxDrawIndirectCount` | 1 | 216-1 | min
`maxSamplerLodBias` | - | 2 | min
`maxSamplerAnisotropy` | 1 | 16 | min
`maxViewports` | 1 | 16 | min
`maxViewportDimensions` | - | (4096,4096) 3 | min
`viewportBoundsRange` | - | (-8192,8191) 4 | (max,min)
`viewportSubPixelBits` | - | 0 | min
`minMemoryMapAlignment` | - | 64 | min
`minTexelBufferOffsetAlignment` | - | 256 | max
`minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment` | - | 256 | max
`minStorageBufferOffsetAlignment` | - | 256 | max
`minTexelOffset` | - | -8 | max
`maxTexelOffset` | - | 7 | min
`minTexelGatherOffset` | 0 | -8 | max
`maxTexelGatherOffset` | 0 | 7 | min
`minInterpolationOffset` | 0.0 | -0.5 5 | max
`maxInterpolationOffset` | 0.0 | 0.5 - (1 ULP) 5 | min
`subPixelInterpolationOffsetBits` | 0 | 4 5 | min
`maxFramebufferWidth` | - | 4096 | min
`maxFramebufferHeight` | - | 4096 | min
`maxFramebufferLayers` | - | 256 | min
`framebufferColorSampleCounts` | - | (`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`) | min
`framebufferIntegerColorSampleCounts` | - | (`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`) | min
`framebufferDepthSampleCounts` | - | (`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`) | min
`framebufferStencilSampleCounts` | - | (`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`) | min
`framebufferNoAttachmentsSampleCounts` | - | (`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`) | min
`maxColorAttachments` | - | 4 | min
`sampledImageColorSampleCounts` | - | (`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`) | min
`sampledImageIntegerSampleCounts` | - | `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | min
`sampledImageDepthSampleCounts` | - | (`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`) | min
`sampledImageStencilSampleCounts` | - | (`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`) | min
`storageImageSampleCounts` | `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | (`VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` | `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT`) | min
`maxSampleMaskWords` | - | 1 | min
`timestampComputeAndGraphics` | - | - | implementation-dependent
`timestampPeriod` | - | - | duration
`maxClipDistances` | 0 | 8 | min
`maxCullDistances` | 0 | 8 | min
`maxCombinedClipAndCullDistances` | 0 | 8 | min
`discreteQueuePriorities` | - | 2 | min
`pointSizeRange` | (1.0,1.0) | (1.0,64.0 - ULP)6 | (max,min)
`lineWidthRange` | (1.0,1.0) | (1.0,8.0 - ULP)7 | (max,min)
`pointSizeGranularity` | 0.0 | 1.0 6 | max, fixed point increment
`lineWidthGranularity` | 0.0 | 1.0 7 | max, fixed point increment
`strictLines` | - | - | implementation-dependent
`standardSampleLocations` | - | - | implementation-dependent
`optimalBufferCopyOffsetAlignment` | - | - | recommendation
`optimalBufferCopyRowPitchAlignment` | - | - | recommendation
`nonCoherentAtomSize` | - | 256 | max
`maxMultiviewViewCount` | - | 6 | min
`maxMultiviewInstanceIndex` | - | 227-1 | min
`filterMinmaxSingleComponentFormats` | - | - | implementation-dependent
`filterMinmaxImageComponentMapping` | - | - | implementation-dependent
`maxPerSetDescriptors` | - | 1024 | min
`maxMemoryAllocationSize` | - | 230 | min
`maxBufferSize` | - | 230 | min
`maxUpdateAfterBindDescriptorsInAllPools` | 0 | 500000 | min
`shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` | - | false | implementation-dependent
`shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` | - | false | implementation-dependent
`shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` | - | false | implementation-dependent
`shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` | - | false | implementation-dependent
`shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexingNative` | - | false | implementation-dependent
`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSamplers` | 09 | 500000 9 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers` | 09 | 12 9 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers` | 09 | 500000 9 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindSampledImages` | 09 | 500000 9 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindStorageImages` | 09 | 500000 9 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` | 09 | 4 9 | min
`maxPerStageUpdateAfterBindResources` | 09 | 500000 9 | min
`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSamplers` | 09 | 500000 9 | min
`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffers` | 09 | 72 8 9 | min, n × PerStage
`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindUniformBuffersDynamic` | 09 | 8 9 | min
`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffers` | 09 | 500000 9 | min
`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageBuffersDynamic` | 09 | 4 9 | min
`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindSampledImages` | 09 | 500000 9 | min
`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindStorageImages` | 09 | 500000 9 | min
`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` | 09 | 4 9 | min
`maxInlineUniformBlockSize` | - | 256 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorInlineUniformBlocks` | - | 4 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks` | - | 4 | min
`maxDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlocks` | - | 4 | min
`maxDescriptorSetUpdateAfterBindInlineUniformBlocks` | - | 4 | min
`maxInlineUniformTotalSize` | - | 256 | min
`maxTimelineSemaphoreValueDifference` | - | 231-1 | min

1

  The Limit Type column specifies the limit is either the minimum limit all implementations must support, the maximum limit all implementations must support, or the exact value all implementations must support. For bitmasks a minimum limit is the least bits all implementations must set, but they may have additional bits set beyond this minimum.

2

  The `maxPerStageResources` must be at least the smallest of the following:

  - the sum of the `maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers`, `maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers`, `maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages`, `maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages`, `maxPerStageDescriptorInputAttachments`, `maxColorAttachments` limits, or

  - 128.

  It may not be possible to reach this limit in every stage.

3

  See `maxViewportDimensions` for the required relationship to other limits.

4

  See `viewportBoundsRange` for the required relationship to other limits.

5

  The values `minInterpolationOffset` and `maxInterpolationOffset` describe the closed interval of supported interpolation offsets: [`minInterpolationOffset`, `maxInterpolationOffset`]. The ULP is determined by `subPixelInterpolationOffsetBits`. If `subPixelInterpolationOffsetBits` is 4, this provides increments of (1/24) = 0.0625, and thus the range of supported interpolation offsets would be [-0.5, 0.4375].

6

  The point size ULP is determined by `pointSizeGranularity`. If the `pointSizeGranularity` is 0.125, the range of supported point sizes must be at least [1.0, 63.875].

7

  The line width ULP is determined by `lineWidthGranularity`. If the `lineWidthGranularity` is 0.0625, the range of supported line widths must be at least [1.0, 7.9375].

8

  The minimum `maxDescriptorSet*` limit is n times the corresponding specification minimum `maxPerStageDescriptor*` limit, where n is the number of shader stages supported by the VkPhysicalDevice. If all shader stages are supported, n = 6 (vertex, tessellation control, tessellation evaluation, geometry, fragment, compute).

9

  The `UpdateAfterBind` descriptor limits must each be greater than or equal to the corresponding `non`-UpdateAfterBind limit.

### 33.2. Profile Limits

#### 33.2.1. Roadmap 2022

Implementations that claim support for the Roadmap 2022 profile must satisfy the following additional limit requirements:

Limit | Supported Limit | Limit Type1
--- | --- | ---
`maxImageDimension1D` | 8192 | min
`maxImageDimension2D` | 8192 | min
`maxImageDimensionCube` | 8192 | min
`maxImageArrayLayers` | 2048 | min
`maxUniformBufferRange` | 65536 | min
`bufferImageGranularity` | 4096 | max
`maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers` | 64 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers` | 15 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers` | 30 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages` | 200 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages` | 16 | min
`maxPerStageResources` | 200 | min
`maxDescriptorSetSamplers` | 576 | min
`maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers` | 90 | min
`maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers` | 96 | min
`maxDescriptorSetSampledImages` | 1800 | min
`maxDescriptorSetStorageImages` | 144 | min
`maxFragmentCombinedOutputResources` | 16 | min
`maxComputeWorkGroupInvocations` | 256 | min
`maxComputeWorkGroupSize` | (256,256,64) | min
`subTexelPrecisionBits` | 8 | min
`mipmapPrecisionBits` | 6 | min
`maxSamplerLodBias` | 14 | min
`pointSizeGranularity` | 0.125 | max
`lineWidthGranularity` | 0.5 | max
`standardSampleLocations` | `VK_TRUE` | Boolean
`maxColorAttachments` | 7 | min
`subgroupSize` | 4 | min
`subgroupSupportedStages` | `VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT` `VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT` | bitfield
`subgroupSupportedOperations` | `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_VOTE_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_ARITHMETIC_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BALLOT_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_RELATIVE_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_QUAD_BIT` | bitfield
`shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat16` | `VK_TRUE` | Boolean
`shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat32` | `VK_TRUE` | Boolean
`maxSubgroupSize` | 4 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` | 7 | min

## 34. Formats

Supported buffer and image formats may vary across implementations. A minimum set of format features are guaranteed, but others must be explicitly queried before use to ensure they are supported by the implementation.

The features for the set of formats (VkFormat) supported by the implementation are queried individually using the vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties command.

### 34.1. Format Definition

The following image formats can be passed to, and may be returned from Vulkan commands. The memory required to store each format is discussed with that format, and also summarized in the Representation and Texel Block Size section and the Compatible formats table.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkFormat {
        VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED = 0,
        VK_FORMAT_R4G4_UNORM_PACK8 = 1,
        VK_FORMAT_R4G4B4A4_UNORM_PACK16 = 2,
        VK_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM_PACK16 = 3,
        VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16 = 4,
        VK_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM_PACK16 = 5,
        VK_FORMAT_R5G5B5A1_UNORM_PACK16 = 6,
        VK_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM_PACK16 = 7,
        VK_FORMAT_A1R5G5B5_UNORM_PACK16 = 8,
        VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM = 9,
        VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM = 10,
        VK_FORMAT_R8_USCALED = 11,
        VK_FORMAT_R8_SSCALED = 12,
        VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT = 13,
        VK_FORMAT_R8_SINT = 14,
        VK_FORMAT_R8_SRGB = 15,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM = 16,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM = 17,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8_USCALED = 18,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SSCALED = 19,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT = 20,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT = 21,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SRGB = 22,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM = 23,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SNORM = 24,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_USCALED = 25,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SSCALED = 26,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UINT = 27,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SINT = 28,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SRGB = 29,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_UNORM = 30,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SNORM = 31,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_USCALED = 32,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SSCALED = 33,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_UINT = 34,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SINT = 35,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SRGB = 36,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM = 37,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM = 38,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_USCALED = 39,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SSCALED = 40,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT = 41,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT = 42,
        VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB = 43,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM = 44,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SNORM = 45,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_USCALED = 46,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SSCALED = 47,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UINT = 48,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SINT = 49,
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB = 50,
        VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32 = 51,
        VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SNORM_PACK32 = 52,
        VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_USCALED_PACK32 = 53,
        VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SSCALED_PACK32 = 54,
        VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UINT_PACK32 = 55,
        VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SINT_PACK32 = 56,
        VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SRGB_PACK32 = 57,
        VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32 = 58,
        VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SNORM_PACK32 = 59,
        VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_USCALED_PACK32 = 60,
        VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SSCALED_PACK32 = 61,
        VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UINT_PACK32 = 62,
        VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SINT_PACK32 = 63,
        VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32 = 64,
        VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SNORM_PACK32 = 65,
        VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_USCALED_PACK32 = 66,
        VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SSCALED_PACK32 = 67,
        VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UINT_PACK32 = 68,
        VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SINT_PACK32 = 69,
        VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM = 70,
        VK_FORMAT_R16_SNORM = 71,
        VK_FORMAT_R16_USCALED = 72,
        VK_FORMAT_R16_SSCALED = 73,
        VK_FORMAT_R16_UINT = 74,
        VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT = 75,
        VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT = 76,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM = 77,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM = 78,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16_USCALED = 79,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SSCALED = 80,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT = 81,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT = 82,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT = 83,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UNORM = 84,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SNORM = 85,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_USCALED = 86,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SSCALED = 87,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UINT = 88,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SINT = 89,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SFLOAT = 90,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM = 91,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM = 92,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_USCALED = 93,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SSCALED = 94,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT = 95,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT = 96,
        VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT = 97,
        VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT = 98,
        VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT = 99,
        VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT = 100,
        VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT = 101,
        VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT = 102,
        VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT = 103,
        VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT = 104,
        VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT = 105,
        VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT = 106,
        VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT = 107,
        VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT = 108,
        VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT = 109,
        VK_FORMAT_R64_UINT = 110,
        VK_FORMAT_R64_SINT = 111,
        VK_FORMAT_R64_SFLOAT = 112,
        VK_FORMAT_R64G64_UINT = 113,
        VK_FORMAT_R64G64_SINT = 114,
        VK_FORMAT_R64G64_SFLOAT = 115,
        VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_UINT = 116,
        VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_SINT = 117,
        VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_SFLOAT = 118,
        VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_UINT = 119,
        VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_SINT = 120,
        VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_SFLOAT = 121,
        VK_FORMAT_B10G11R11_UFLOAT_PACK32 = 122,
        VK_FORMAT_E5B9G9R9_UFLOAT_PACK32 = 123,
        VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM = 124,
        VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32 = 125,
        VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT = 126,
        VK_FORMAT_S8_UINT = 127,
        VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT = 128,
        VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT = 129,
        VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT = 130,
        VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_UNORM_BLOCK = 131,
        VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_SRGB_BLOCK = 132,
        VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_UNORM_BLOCK = 133,
        VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_SRGB_BLOCK = 134,
        VK_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_BLOCK = 135,
        VK_FORMAT_BC2_SRGB_BLOCK = 136,
        VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK = 137,
        VK_FORMAT_BC3_SRGB_BLOCK = 138,
        VK_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM_BLOCK = 139,
        VK_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM_BLOCK = 140,
        VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK = 141,
        VK_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM_BLOCK = 142,
        VK_FORMAT_BC6H_UFLOAT_BLOCK = 143,
        VK_FORMAT_BC6H_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 144,
        VK_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_BLOCK = 145,
        VK_FORMAT_BC7_SRGB_BLOCK = 146,
        VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_UNORM_BLOCK = 147,
        VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_SRGB_BLOCK = 148,
        VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_UNORM_BLOCK = 149,
        VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_SRGB_BLOCK = 150,
        VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_BLOCK = 151,
        VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_SRGB_BLOCK = 152,
        VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_UNORM_BLOCK = 153,
        VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_SNORM_BLOCK = 154,
        VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_UNORM_BLOCK = 155,
        VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_SNORM_BLOCK = 156,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_UNORM_BLOCK = 157,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SRGB_BLOCK = 158,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_UNORM_BLOCK = 159,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SRGB_BLOCK = 160,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_UNORM_BLOCK = 161,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SRGB_BLOCK = 162,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_UNORM_BLOCK = 163,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SRGB_BLOCK = 164,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_UNORM_BLOCK = 165,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SRGB_BLOCK = 166,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_UNORM_BLOCK = 167,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SRGB_BLOCK = 168,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_UNORM_BLOCK = 169,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SRGB_BLOCK = 170,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_UNORM_BLOCK = 171,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SRGB_BLOCK = 172,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_UNORM_BLOCK = 173,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SRGB_BLOCK = 174,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_UNORM_BLOCK = 175,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SRGB_BLOCK = 176,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_UNORM_BLOCK = 177,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SRGB_BLOCK = 178,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_UNORM_BLOCK = 179,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SRGB_BLOCK = 180,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_UNORM_BLOCK = 181,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SRGB_BLOCK = 182,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_UNORM_BLOCK = 183,
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SRGB_BLOCK = 184,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G8B8G8R8_422_UNORM = 1000156000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8G8_422_UNORM = 1000156001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_420_UNORM = 1000156002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_420_UNORM = 1000156003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_422_UNORM = 1000156004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_422_UNORM = 1000156005,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_444_UNORM = 1000156006,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16 = 1000156007,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16 = 1000156008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16 = 1000156009,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G10X6B10X6G10X6R10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16 = 1000156010,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_B10X6G10X6R10X6G10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16 = 1000156011,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000156012,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000156013,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000156014,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000156015,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000156016,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16 = 1000156017,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16 = 1000156018,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4B12X4A12X4_UNORM_4PACK16 = 1000156019,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G12X4B12X4G12X4R12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16 = 1000156020,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_B12X4G12X4R12X4G12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16 = 1000156021,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000156022,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000156023,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000156024,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000156025,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000156026,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G16B16G16R16_422_UNORM = 1000156027,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_B16G16R16G16_422_UNORM = 1000156028,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_420_UNORM = 1000156029,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_420_UNORM = 1000156030,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_422_UNORM = 1000156031,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_422_UNORM = 1000156032,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_444_UNORM = 1000156033,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_444_UNORM = 1000330000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000330001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16 = 1000330002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_444_UNORM = 1000330003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_A4R4G4B4_UNORM_PACK16 = 1000340000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_A4B4G4R4_UNORM_PACK16 = 1000340001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066001,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066002,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066003,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066004,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066005,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066006,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066007,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066008,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066009,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066010,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066011,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066012,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SFLOAT_BLOCK = 1000066013,
    } VkFormat;

- `VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED` specifies that the format is not specified.

- `VK_FORMAT_R4G4_UNORM_PACK8` specifies a two-component, 8-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 4-bit R component in bits 4..7, and a 4-bit G component in bits 0..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R4G4B4A4_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 4-bit R component in bits 12..15, a 4-bit G component in bits 8..11, a 4-bit B component in bits 4..7, and a 4-bit A component in bits 0..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 4-bit B component in bits 12..15, a 4-bit G component in bits 8..11, a 4-bit R component in bits 4..7, and a 4-bit A component in bits 0..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_A4R4G4B4_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 4-bit A component in bits 12..15, a 4-bit R component in bits 8..11, a 4-bit G component in bits 4..7, and a 4-bit B component in bits 0..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_A4B4G4R4_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 4-bit A component in bits 12..15, a 4-bit B component in bits 8..11, a 4-bit G component in bits 4..7, and a 4-bit R component in bits 0..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a three-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 5-bit R component in bits 11..15, a 6-bit G component in bits 5..10, and a 5-bit B component in bits 0..4.

- `VK_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a three-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 5-bit B component in bits 11..15, a 6-bit G component in bits 5..10, and a 5-bit R component in bits 0..4.

- `VK_FORMAT_R5G5B5A1_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 5-bit R component in bits 11..15, a 5-bit G component in bits 6..10, a 5-bit B component in bits 1..5, and a 1-bit A component in bit 0.

- `VK_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 5-bit B component in bits 11..15, a 5-bit G component in bits 6..10, a 5-bit R component in bits 1..5, and a 1-bit A component in bit 0.

- `VK_FORMAT_A1R5G5B5_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a four-component, 16-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 1-bit A component in bit 15, a 5-bit R component in bits 10..14, a 5-bit G component in bits 5..9, and a 5-bit B component in bits 0..4.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` specifies a one-component, 8-bit unsigned normalized format that has a single 8-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM` specifies a one-component, 8-bit signed normalized format that has a single 8-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_USCALED` specifies a one-component, 8-bit unsigned scaled integer format that has a single 8-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_SSCALED` specifies a one-component, 8-bit signed scaled integer format that has a single 8-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT` specifies a one-component, 8-bit unsigned integer format that has a single 8-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_SINT` specifies a one-component, 8-bit signed integer format that has a single 8-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_SRGB` specifies a one-component, 8-bit unsigned normalized format that has a single 8-bit R component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM` specifies a two-component, 16-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component in byte 1.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM` specifies a two-component, 16-bit signed normalized format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component in byte 1.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_USCALED` specifies a two-component, 16-bit unsigned scaled integer format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component in byte 1.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SSCALED` specifies a two-component, 16-bit signed scaled integer format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component in byte 1.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT` specifies a two-component, 16-bit unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component in byte 1.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT` specifies a two-component, 16-bit signed integer format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component in byte 1.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SRGB` specifies a two-component, 16-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, and an 8-bit G component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM` specifies a three-component, 24-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SNORM` specifies a three-component, 24-bit signed normalized format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_USCALED` specifies a three-component, 24-bit unsigned scaled format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SSCALED` specifies a three-component, 24-bit signed scaled format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UINT` specifies a three-component, 24-bit unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SINT` specifies a three-component, 24-bit signed integer format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SRGB` specifies a three-component, 24-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, an 8-bit G component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1, and an 8-bit B component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_UNORM` specifies a three-component, 24-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SNORM` specifies a three-component, 24-bit signed normalized format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_USCALED` specifies a three-component, 24-bit unsigned scaled format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SSCALED` specifies a three-component, 24-bit signed scaled format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_UINT` specifies a three-component, 24-bit unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SINT` specifies a three-component, 24-bit signed integer format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SRGB` specifies a three-component, 24-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit B component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, an 8-bit G component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1, and an 8-bit R component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 2.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM` specifies a four-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit B component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM` specifies a four-component, 32-bit signed normalized format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit B component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_USCALED` specifies a four-component, 32-bit unsigned scaled format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit B component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SSCALED` specifies a four-component, 32-bit signed scaled format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit B component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT` specifies a four-component, 32-bit unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit B component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT` specifies a four-component, 32-bit signed integer format that has an 8-bit R component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit B component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB` specifies a four-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit R component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, an 8-bit G component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1, an 8-bit B component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM` specifies a four-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SNORM` specifies a four-component, 32-bit signed normalized format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_USCALED` specifies a four-component, 32-bit unsigned scaled format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SSCALED` specifies a four-component, 32-bit signed scaled format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UINT` specifies a four-component, 32-bit unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SINT` specifies a four-component, 32-bit signed integer format that has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB` specifies a four-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit B component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 0, an 8-bit G component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 1, an 8-bit R component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in byte 2, and an 8-bit A component in byte 3.

- `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit A component in bits 24..31, an 8-bit B component in bits 16..23, an 8-bit G component in bits 8..15, and an 8-bit R component in bits 0..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SNORM_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed signed normalized format that has an 8-bit A component in bits 24..31, an 8-bit B component in bits 16..23, an 8-bit G component in bits 8..15, and an 8-bit R component in bits 0..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_USCALED_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned scaled integer format that has an 8-bit A component in bits 24..31, an 8-bit B component in bits 16..23, an 8-bit G component in bits 8..15, and an 8-bit R component in bits 0..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SSCALED_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed signed scaled integer format that has an 8-bit A component in bits 24..31, an 8-bit B component in bits 16..23, an 8-bit G component in bits 8..15, and an 8-bit R component in bits 0..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UINT_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned integer format that has an 8-bit A component in bits 24..31, an 8-bit B component in bits 16..23, an 8-bit G component in bits 8..15, and an 8-bit R component in bits 0..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SINT_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed signed integer format that has an 8-bit A component in bits 24..31, an 8-bit B component in bits 16..23, an 8-bit G component in bits 8..15, and an 8-bit R component in bits 0..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SRGB_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has an 8-bit A component in bits 24..31, an 8-bit B component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in bits 16..23, an 8-bit G component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in bits 8..15, and an 8-bit R component stored with sRGB nonlinear encoding in bits 0..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SNORM_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed signed normalized format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_USCALED_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned scaled integer format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SSCALED_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed signed scaled integer format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UINT_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned integer format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SINT_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed signed integer format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit R component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit B component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned normalized format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit B component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit R component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SNORM_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed signed normalized format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit B component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit R component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_USCALED_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned scaled integer format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit B component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit R component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SSCALED_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed signed scaled integer format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit B component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit R component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UINT_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed unsigned integer format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit B component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit R component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SINT_PACK32` specifies a four-component, 32-bit packed signed integer format that has a 2-bit A component in bits 30..31, a 10-bit B component in bits 20..29, a 10-bit G component in bits 10..19, and a 10-bit R component in bits 0..9.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` specifies a one-component, 16-bit unsigned normalized format that has a single 16-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_SNORM` specifies a one-component, 16-bit signed normalized format that has a single 16-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_USCALED` specifies a one-component, 16-bit unsigned scaled integer format that has a single 16-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_SSCALED` specifies a one-component, 16-bit signed scaled integer format that has a single 16-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_UINT` specifies a one-component, 16-bit unsigned integer format that has a single 16-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT` specifies a one-component, 16-bit signed integer format that has a single 16-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT` specifies a one-component, 16-bit signed floating-point format that has a single 16-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM` specifies a two-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM` specifies a two-component, 32-bit signed normalized format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_USCALED` specifies a two-component, 32-bit unsigned scaled integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SSCALED` specifies a two-component, 32-bit signed scaled integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT` specifies a two-component, 32-bit unsigned integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT` specifies a two-component, 32-bit signed integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT` specifies a two-component, 32-bit signed floating-point format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UNORM` specifies a three-component, 48-bit unsigned normalized format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SNORM` specifies a three-component, 48-bit signed normalized format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_USCALED` specifies a three-component, 48-bit unsigned scaled integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SSCALED` specifies a three-component, 48-bit signed scaled integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UINT` specifies a three-component, 48-bit unsigned integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SINT` specifies a three-component, 48-bit signed integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SFLOAT` specifies a three-component, 48-bit signed floating-point format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, and a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM` specifies a four-component, 64-bit unsigned normalized format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM` specifies a four-component, 64-bit signed normalized format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_USCALED` specifies a four-component, 64-bit unsigned scaled integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SSCALED` specifies a four-component, 64-bit signed scaled integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT` specifies a four-component, 64-bit unsigned integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT` specifies a four-component, 64-bit signed integer format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT` specifies a four-component, 64-bit signed floating-point format that has a 16-bit R component in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit B component in bytes 4..5, and a 16-bit A component in bytes 6..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT` specifies a one-component, 32-bit unsigned integer format that has a single 32-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT` specifies a one-component, 32-bit signed integer format that has a single 32-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT` specifies a one-component, 32-bit signed floating-point format that has a single 32-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT` specifies a two-component, 64-bit unsigned integer format that has a 32-bit R component in bytes 0..3, and a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT` specifies a two-component, 64-bit signed integer format that has a 32-bit R component in bytes 0..3, and a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT` specifies a two-component, 64-bit signed floating-point format that has a 32-bit R component in bytes 0..3, and a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT` specifies a three-component, 96-bit unsigned integer format that has a 32-bit R component in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, and a 32-bit B component in bytes 8..11.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT` specifies a three-component, 96-bit signed integer format that has a 32-bit R component in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, and a 32-bit B component in bytes 8..11.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT` specifies a three-component, 96-bit signed floating-point format that has a 32-bit R component in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, and a 32-bit B component in bytes 8..11.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT` specifies a four-component, 128-bit unsigned integer format that has a 32-bit R component in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, a 32-bit B component in bytes 8..11, and a 32-bit A component in bytes 12..15.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT` specifies a four-component, 128-bit signed integer format that has a 32-bit R component in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, a 32-bit B component in bytes 8..11, and a 32-bit A component in bytes 12..15.

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT` specifies a four-component, 128-bit signed floating-point format that has a 32-bit R component in bytes 0..3, a 32-bit G component in bytes 4..7, a 32-bit B component in bytes 8..11, and a 32-bit A component in bytes 12..15.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64_UINT` specifies a one-component, 64-bit unsigned integer format that has a single 64-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64_SINT` specifies a one-component, 64-bit signed integer format that has a single 64-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64_SFLOAT` specifies a one-component, 64-bit signed floating-point format that has a single 64-bit R component.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64G64_UINT` specifies a two-component, 128-bit unsigned integer format that has a 64-bit R component in bytes 0..7, and a 64-bit G component in bytes 8..15.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64G64_SINT` specifies a two-component, 128-bit signed integer format that has a 64-bit R component in bytes 0..7, and a 64-bit G component in bytes 8..15.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64G64_SFLOAT` specifies a two-component, 128-bit signed floating-point format that has a 64-bit R component in bytes 0..7, and a 64-bit G component in bytes 8..15.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_UINT` specifies a three-component, 192-bit unsigned integer format that has a 64-bit R component in bytes 0..7, a 64-bit G component in bytes 8..15, and a 64-bit B component in bytes 16..23.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_SINT` specifies a three-component, 192-bit signed integer format that has a 64-bit R component in bytes 0..7, a 64-bit G component in bytes 8..15, and a 64-bit B component in bytes 16..23.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_SFLOAT` specifies a three-component, 192-bit signed floating-point format that has a 64-bit R component in bytes 0..7, a 64-bit G component in bytes 8..15, and a 64-bit B component in bytes 16..23.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_UINT` specifies a four-component, 256-bit unsigned integer format that has a 64-bit R component in bytes 0..7, a 64-bit G component in bytes 8..15, a 64-bit B component in bytes 16..23, and a 64-bit A component in bytes 24..31.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_SINT` specifies a four-component, 256-bit signed integer format that has a 64-bit R component in bytes 0..7, a 64-bit G component in bytes 8..15, a 64-bit B component in bytes 16..23, and a 64-bit A component in bytes 24..31.

- `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_SFLOAT` specifies a four-component, 256-bit signed floating-point format that has a 64-bit R component in bytes 0..7, a 64-bit G component in bytes 8..15, a 64-bit B component in bytes 16..23, and a 64-bit A component in bytes 24..31.

- `VK_FORMAT_B10G11R11_UFLOAT_PACK32` specifies a three-component, 32-bit packed unsigned floating-point format that has a 10-bit B component in bits 22..31, an 11-bit G component in bits 11..21, an 11-bit R component in bits 0..10. See Unsigned 10-Bit Floating-Point Numbers and Unsigned 11-Bit Floating-Point Numbers.

- `VK_FORMAT_E5B9G9R9_UFLOAT_PACK32` specifies a three-component, 32-bit packed unsigned floating-point format that has a 5-bit shared exponent in bits 27..31, a 9-bit B component mantissa in bits 18..26, a 9-bit G component mantissa in bits 9..17, and a 9-bit R component mantissa in bits 0..8.

- `VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM` specifies a one-component, 16-bit unsigned normalized format that has a single 16-bit depth component.

- `VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32` specifies a two-component, 32-bit format that has 24 unsigned normalized bits in the depth component and, optionally, 8 bits that are unused.

- `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT` specifies a one-component, 32-bit signed floating-point format that has 32 bits in the depth component.

- `VK_FORMAT_S8_UINT` specifies a one-component, 8-bit unsigned integer format that has 8 bits in the stencil component.

- `VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT` specifies a two-component, 24-bit format that has 16 unsigned normalized bits in the depth component and 8 unsigned integer bits in the stencil component.

- `VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT` specifies a two-component, 32-bit packed format that has 8 unsigned integer bits in the stencil component, and 24 unsigned normalized bits in the depth component.

- `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT` specifies a two-component format that has 32 signed float bits in the depth component and 8 unsigned integer bits in the stencil component. There are optionally 24 bits that are unused.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a three-component, block-compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. This format has no alpha and is considered opaque.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a three-component, block-compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding. This format has no alpha and is considered opaque.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, block-compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data, and provides 1 bit of alpha.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, block-compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding, and provides 1 bit of alpha.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC2_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values with sRGB nonlinear encoding.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC3_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values with sRGB nonlinear encoding.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a one-component, block-compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized red texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM_BLOCK` specifies a one-component, block-compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed normalized red texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a two-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RG texel data with the first 64 bits encoding red values followed by 64 bits encoding green values.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM_BLOCK` specifies a two-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed normalized RG texel data with the first 64 bits encoding red values followed by 64 bits encoding green values.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC6H_UFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a three-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned floating-point RGB texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC6H_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a three-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed floating-point RGB texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_BC7_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, block-compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a three-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. This format has no alpha and is considered opaque.

- `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a three-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding. This format has no alpha and is considered opaque.

- `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data, and provides 1 bit of alpha.

- `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding, and provides 1 bit of alpha.

- `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values.

- `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with the first 64 bits encoding alpha values followed by 64 bits encoding RGB values with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied.

- `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a one-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized red texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_SNORM_BLOCK` specifies a one-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 64-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed normalized red texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a two-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RG texel data with the first 64 bits encoding red values followed by 64 bits encoding green values.

- `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_SNORM_BLOCK` specifies a two-component, ETC2 compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed normalized RG texel data with the first 64 bits encoding red values followed by 64 bits encoding green values.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 4×4 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 5×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 5×4 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 5×4 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 5×5 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 5×5 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 5×5 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 6×5 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 6×5 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 6×5 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 6×6 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 6×6 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 6×6 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes an 8×5 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes an 8×5 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 8×5 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes an 8×6 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes an 8×6 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 8×6 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes an 8×8 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes an 8×8 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 8×8 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×5 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×5 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×5 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×6 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×6 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×6 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×8 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×8 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×8 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×10 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×10 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 10×10 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 12×10 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 12×10 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 12×10 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_UNORM_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 12×12 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SRGB_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 12×12 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGBA texel data with sRGB nonlinear encoding applied to the RGB components.

- `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SFLOAT_BLOCK` specifies a four-component, ASTC compressed format where each 128-bit compressed texel block encodes a 12×12 rectangle of signed floating-point RGBA texel data.

- `VK_FORMAT_G8B8G8R8_422_UNORM` specifies a four-component, 32-bit format containing a pair of G components, an R component, and a B component, collectively encoding a 2×1 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. One G value is present at each i coordinate, with the B and R values shared across both G values and thus recorded at half the horizontal resolution of the image. This format has an 8-bit G component for the even i coordinate in byte 0, an 8-bit B component in byte 1, an 8-bit G component for the odd i coordinate in byte 2, and an 8-bit R component in byte 3. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two. For the purposes of the constraints on copy extents, this format is treated as a compressed format with a 2×1 compressed texel block.

- `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8G8_422_UNORM` specifies a four-component, 32-bit format containing a pair of G components, an R component, and a B component, collectively encoding a 2×1 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. One G value is present at each i coordinate, with the B and R values shared across both G values and thus recorded at half the horizontal resolution of the image. This format has an 8-bit B component in byte 0, an 8-bit G component for the even i coordinate in byte 1, an 8-bit R component in byte 2, and an 8-bit G component for the odd i coordinate in byte 3. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two. For the purposes of the constraints on copy extents, this format is treated as a compressed format with a 2×1 compressed texel block.

- `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_420_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has an 8-bit G component in plane 0, an 8-bit B component in plane 1, and an 8-bit R component in plane 2. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the R and B planes are halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B component is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​ and ⌊j G​×0.5⌋=j B​=j R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane. This format only supports images with a width and height that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_420_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has an 8-bit G component in plane 0, and a two-component, 16-bit BR plane 1 consisting of an 8-bit B component in byte 0 and an 8-bit R component in byte 1. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the BR plane are halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​ and ⌊j G​×0.5⌋=j B​=j R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane. This format only supports images with a width and height that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_422_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has an 8-bit G component in plane 0, an 8-bit B component in plane 1, and an 8-bit R component in plane 2. The horizontal dimension of the R and B plane is halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_422_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has an 8-bit G component in plane 0, and a two-component, 16-bit BR plane 1 consisting of an 8-bit B component in byte 0 and an 8-bit R component in byte 1. The horizontal dimension of the BR plane is halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_444_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has an 8-bit G component in plane 0, an 8-bit B component in plane 1, and an 8-bit R component in plane 2. Each plane has the same dimensions and each R, G and B component contributes to a single texel. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane.

- `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a one-component, 16-bit unsigned normalized format that has a single 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of a 16-bit word, with the bottom 6 bits unused.

- `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16` specifies a two-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has a 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, and a 10-bit G component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, with the bottom 6 bits of each word unused.

- `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16` specifies a four-component, 64-bit unsigned normalized format that has a 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, a 10-bit G component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, a 10-bit B component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 4..5, and a 10-bit A component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 6..7, with the bottom 6 bits of each word unused.

- `VK_FORMAT_G10X6B10X6G10X6R10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16` specifies a four-component, 64-bit format containing a pair of G components, an R component, and a B component, collectively encoding a 2×1 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. One G value is present at each i coordinate, with the B and R values shared across both G values and thus recorded at half the horizontal resolution of the image. This format has a 10-bit G component for the even i coordinate in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, a 10-bit B component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, a 10-bit G component for the odd i coordinate in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 4..5, and a 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 6..7, with the bottom 6 bits of each word unused. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two. For the purposes of the constraints on copy extents, this format is treated as a compressed format with a 2×1 compressed texel block.

- `VK_FORMAT_B10X6G10X6R10X6G10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16` specifies a four-component, 64-bit format containing a pair of G components, an R component, and a B component, collectively encoding a 2×1 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. One G value is present at each i coordinate, with the B and R values shared across both G values and thus recorded at half the horizontal resolution of the image. This format has a 10-bit B component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, a 10-bit G component for the even i coordinate in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, a 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 4..5, and a 10-bit G component for the odd i coordinate in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 6..7, with the bottom 6 bits of each word unused. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two. For the purposes of the constraints on copy extents, this format is treated as a compressed format with a 2×1 compressed texel block.

- `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 10-bit G component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, a 10-bit B component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 1, and a 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 2, with the bottom 6 bits of each word unused. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the R and B planes are halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B component is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​ and ⌊j G​×0.5⌋=j B​=j R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane. This format only supports images with a width and height that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 10-bit G component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, and a two-component, 32-bit BR plane 1 consisting of a 10-bit B component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, and a 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, with the bottom 6 bits of each word unused. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the BR plane are halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​ and ⌊j G​×0.5⌋=j B​=j R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane. This format only supports images with a width and height that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 10-bit G component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, a 10-bit B component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 1, and a 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 2, with the bottom 6 bits of each word unused. The horizontal dimension of the R and B plane is halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 10-bit G component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, and a two-component, 32-bit BR plane 1 consisting of a 10-bit B component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, and a 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, with the bottom 6 bits of each word unused. The horizontal dimension of the BR plane is halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 10-bit G component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, a 10-bit B component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 1, and a 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 2, with the bottom 6 bits of each word unused. Each plane has the same dimensions and each R, G and B component contributes to a single texel. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane.

- `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` specifies a one-component, 16-bit unsigned normalized format that has a single 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of a 16-bit word, with the bottom 4 bits unused.

- `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16` specifies a two-component, 32-bit unsigned normalized format that has a 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, and a 12-bit G component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, with the bottom 4 bits of each word unused.

- `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4B12X4A12X4_UNORM_4PACK16` specifies a four-component, 64-bit unsigned normalized format that has a 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, a 12-bit G component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, a 12-bit B component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 4..5, and a 12-bit A component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 6..7, with the bottom 4 bits of each word unused.

- `VK_FORMAT_G12X4B12X4G12X4R12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16` specifies a four-component, 64-bit format containing a pair of G components, an R component, and a B component, collectively encoding a 2×1 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. One G value is present at each i coordinate, with the B and R values shared across both G values and thus recorded at half the horizontal resolution of the image. This format has a 12-bit G component for the even i coordinate in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, a 12-bit B component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, a 12-bit G component for the odd i coordinate in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 4..5, and a 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 6..7, with the bottom 4 bits of each word unused. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two. For the purposes of the constraints on copy extents, this format is treated as a compressed format with a 2×1 compressed texel block.

- `VK_FORMAT_B12X4G12X4R12X4G12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16` specifies a four-component, 64-bit format containing a pair of G components, an R component, and a B component, collectively encoding a 2×1 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. One G value is present at each i coordinate, with the B and R values shared across both G values and thus recorded at half the horizontal resolution of the image. This format has a 12-bit B component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, a 12-bit G component for the even i coordinate in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, a 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 4..5, and a 12-bit G component for the odd i coordinate in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 6..7, with the bottom 4 bits of each word unused. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two. For the purposes of the constraints on copy extents, this format is treated as a compressed format with a 2×1 compressed texel block.

- `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 12-bit G component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, a 12-bit B component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 1, and a 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 2, with the bottom 4 bits of each word unused. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the R and B planes are halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B component is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​ and ⌊j G​×0.5⌋=j B​=j R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane. This format only supports images with a width and height that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 12-bit G component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, and a two-component, 32-bit BR plane 1 consisting of a 12-bit B component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, and a 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, with the bottom 4 bits of each word unused. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the BR plane are halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​ and ⌊j G​×0.5⌋=j B​=j R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane. This format only supports images with a width and height that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 12-bit G component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, a 12-bit B component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 1, and a 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 2, with the bottom 4 bits of each word unused. The horizontal dimension of the R and B plane is halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 12-bit G component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, and a two-component, 32-bit BR plane 1 consisting of a 12-bit B component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, and a 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, with the bottom 4 bits of each word unused. The horizontal dimension of the BR plane is halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 12-bit G component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, a 12-bit B component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 1, and a 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 2, with the bottom 4 bits of each word unused. Each plane has the same dimensions and each R, G and B component contributes to a single texel. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane.

- `VK_FORMAT_G16B16G16R16_422_UNORM` specifies a four-component, 64-bit format containing a pair of G components, an R component, and a B component, collectively encoding a 2×1 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. One G value is present at each i coordinate, with the B and R values shared across both G values and thus recorded at half the horizontal resolution of the image. This format has a 16-bit G component for the even i coordinate in the word in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit B component in the word in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit G component for the odd i coordinate in the word in bytes 4..5, and a 16-bit R component in the word in bytes 6..7. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two. For the purposes of the constraints on copy extents, this format is treated as a compressed format with a 2×1 compressed texel block.

- `VK_FORMAT_B16G16R16G16_422_UNORM` specifies a four-component, 64-bit format containing a pair of G components, an R component, and a B component, collectively encoding a 2×1 rectangle of unsigned normalized RGB texel data. One G value is present at each i coordinate, with the B and R values shared across both G values and thus recorded at half the horizontal resolution of the image. This format has a 16-bit B component in the word in bytes 0..1, a 16-bit G component for the even i coordinate in the word in bytes 2..3, a 16-bit R component in the word in bytes 4..5, and a 16-bit G component for the odd i coordinate in the word in bytes 6..7. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two. For the purposes of the constraints on copy extents, this format is treated as a compressed format with a 2×1 compressed texel block.

- `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_420_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 16-bit G component in each 16-bit word of plane 0, a 16-bit B component in each 16-bit word of plane 1, and a 16-bit R component in each 16-bit word of plane 2. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the R and B planes are halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B component is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​ and ⌊j G​×0.5⌋=j B​=j R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane. This format only supports images with a width and height that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_420_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 16-bit G component in each 16-bit word of plane 0, and a two-component, 32-bit BR plane 1 consisting of a 16-bit B component in the word in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit R component in the word in bytes 2..3. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the BR plane are halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​ and ⌊j G​×0.5⌋=j B​=j R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane. This format only supports images with a width and height that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_422_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 16-bit G component in each 16-bit word of plane 0, a 16-bit B component in each 16-bit word of plane 1, and a 16-bit R component in each 16-bit word of plane 2. The horizontal dimension of the R and B plane is halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_422_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 16-bit G component in each 16-bit word of plane 0, and a two-component, 32-bit BR plane 1 consisting of a 16-bit B component in the word in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit R component in the word in bytes 2..3. The horizontal dimension of the BR plane is halved relative to the image dimensions, and each R and B value is shared with the G components for which ⌊i G​×0.5⌋=i B​=i R​. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane. This format only supports images with a width that is a multiple of two.

- `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_444_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 16-bit G component in each 16-bit word of plane 0, a 16-bit B component in each 16-bit word of plane 1, and a 16-bit R component in each 16-bit word of plane 2. Each plane has the same dimensions and each R, G and B component contributes to a single texel. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the B plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT` for the R plane.

- `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_444_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has an 8-bit G component in plane 0, and a two-component, 16-bit BR plane 1 consisting of an 8-bit B component in byte 0 and an 8-bit R component in byte 1. Both planes have the same dimensions and each R, G and B component contributes to a single texel. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane.

- `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 10-bit G component in the top 10 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, and a two-component, 32-bit BR plane 1 consisting of a 10-bit B component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, and a 10-bit R component in the top 10 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, the bottom 6 bits of each word unused. Both planes have the same dimensions and each R, G and B component contributes to a single texel. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane.

- `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 12-bit G component in the top 12 bits of each 16-bit word of plane 0, and a two-component, 32-bit BR plane 1 consisting of a 12-bit B component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 0..1, and a 12-bit R component in the top 12 bits of the word in bytes 2..3, the bottom 4 bits of each word unused. Both planes have the same dimensions and each R, G and B component contributes to a single texel. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane.

- `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_444_UNORM` specifies an unsigned normalized multi-planar format that has a 16-bit G component in each 16-bit word of plane 0, and a two-component, 32-bit BR plane 1 consisting of a 16-bit B component in the word in bytes 0..1, and a 16-bit R component in the word in bytes 2..3. Both planes have the same dimensions and each R, G and B component contributes to a single texel. The location of each plane when this image is in linear layout can be determined via vkGetImageSubresourceLayout, using `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT` for the G plane, and `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT` for the BR plane.

#### 34.1.1. Compatible formats of planes of multi-planar formats

Individual planes of multi-planar formats are compatible with single-plane formats if they occupy the same number of bits per texel block. In the following table, individual planes of a multi-planar format are compatible with the format listed against the relevant plane index for that multi-planar format, and any format compatible with the listed single-plane format according to Format Compatibility Classes.

Table 33. Plane Format Compatibility Table
Plane | Compatible format for plane | Width relative to the width w of the plane with the largest dimensions | Height relative to the height h of the plane with the largest dimensions
--- | --- | --- | ---
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_420_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w/2 | h/2
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w/2 | h/2
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_420_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM` | w/2 | h/2
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_422_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w/2 | h
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w/2 | h
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_422_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM` | w/2 | h
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_444_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w | h
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w | h
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w/2 | h/2
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w/2 | h/2
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16` | w/2 | h/2
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w/2 | h
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w/2 | h
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16` | w/2 | h
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w/2 | h/2
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w/2 | h/2
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16` | w/2 | h/2
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w/2 | h
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w/2 | h
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16` | w/2 | h
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_420_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w/2 | h/2
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w/2 | h/2
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_420_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM` | w/2 | h/2
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_422_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w/2 | h
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w/2 | h
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_422_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM` | w/2 | h
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_444_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w | h
2 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w | h
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_444_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM` | w | h
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16` | w | h
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16` | w | h
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_444_UNORM`
0 | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` | w | h
1 | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM` | w | h

#### 34.1.2. Packed Formats

For the purposes of address alignment when accessing buffer memory containing vertex attribute or texel data, the following formats are considered packed - components of the texels or attributes are stored in bitfields packed into one or more 8-, 16-, or 32-bit fundamental data type.

- Packed into 8-bit data types:

  - `VK_FORMAT_R4G4_UNORM_PACK8`

- Packed into 16-bit data types:

  - `VK_FORMAT_R4G4B4A4_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A4R4G4B4_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A4B4G4R4_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R5G5B5A1_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A1R5G5B5_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16_EXT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16_EXT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6B10X6G10X6R10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_B10X6G10X6R10X6G10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4B12X4A12X4_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4B12X4G12X4R12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_B12X4G12X4R12X4G12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16`

- Packed into 32-bit data types:

  - `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SNORM_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_USCALED_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SSCALED_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UINT_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SINT_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SRGB_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SNORM_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_USCALED_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SSCALED_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UINT_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SINT_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SNORM_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_USCALED_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SSCALED_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UINT_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SINT_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_B10G11R11_UFLOAT_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_E5B9G9R9_UFLOAT_PACK32`

  - `VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32`

#### 34.1.3. Identification of Formats

A “format” is represented by a single enum value. The name of a format is usually built up by using the following pattern:

        VK_FORMAT_{component-format|compression-scheme}_{numeric-format}

The component-format indicates either the size of the R, G, B, and A components (if they are present) in the case of a color format, or the size of the depth (D) and stencil (S) components (if they are present) in the case of a depth/stencil format (see below). An X indicates a component that is unused, but may be present for padding.

Table 34. Interpretation of Numeric Format
Numeric format | SPIR-V Sampled Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`UNORM` | OpTypeFloat | The components are unsigned normalized values in the range [0,1]
`SNORM` | OpTypeFloat | The components are signed normalized values in the range [-1,1]
`USCALED` | OpTypeFloat | The components are unsigned integer values that get converted to floating-point in the range [0,2n-1]
`SSCALED` | OpTypeFloat | The components are signed integer values that get converted to floating-point in the range [-2n-1,2n-1-1]
`UINT` | OpTypeInt | The components are unsigned integer values in the range [0,2n-1]
`SINT` | OpTypeInt | The components are signed integer values in the range [-2n-1,2n-1-1]
`UFLOAT` | OpTypeFloat | The components are unsigned floating-point numbers (used by packed, shared exponent, and some compressed formats)
`SFLOAT` | OpTypeFloat | The components are signed floating-point numbers
`SRGB` | OpTypeFloat | The R, G, and B components are unsigned normalized values that represent values using sRGB nonlinear encoding, while the A component (if one exists) is a regular unsigned normalized value
n is the number of bits in the component.

The suffix `_PACKnn` indicates that the format is packed into an underlying type with `nn` bits. The suffix `_mPACKnn` is a short-hand that indicates that the format has `m` groups of components (which may or may not be stored in separate planes) that are each packed into an underlying type with `nn` bits.

The suffix `_BLOCK` indicates that the format is a block-compressed format, with the representation of multiple pixels encoded interdependently within a region.

Table 35. Interpretation of Compression Scheme
Compression scheme | Description
--- | ---
`BC` | Block Compression. See Block-Compressed Image Formats.
`ETC2` | Ericsson Texture Compression. See ETC Compressed Image Formats.
`EAC` | ETC2 Alpha Compression. See ETC Compressed Image Formats.
`ASTC` | Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression (LDR Profile). See ASTC Compressed Image Formats.

For multi-planar images, the components in separate planes are separated by underscores, and the number of planes is indicated by the addition of a `_2PLANE` or `_3PLANE` suffix. Similarly, the separate aspects of depth-stencil formats are separated by underscores, although these are not considered separate planes. Formats are suffixed by `_422` to indicate that planes other than the first are reduced in size by a factor of two horizontally or that the R and B values appear at half the horizontal frequency of the G values, `_420` to indicate that planes other than the first are reduced in size by a factor of two both horizontally and vertically, and `_444` for consistency to indicate that all three planes of a three-planar image are the same size.

| Note No common format has a single plane containing both R and B components but does not store these components at reduced horizontal resolution.

#### 34.1.4. Representation and Texel Block Size

Color formats must be represented in memory in exactly the form indicated by the format’s name. This means that promoting one format to another with more bits per component and/or additional components must not occur for color formats. Depth/stencil formats have more relaxed requirements as discussed below.

Each format has a texel block size, the number of bytes used to store one texel block (a single addressable element of an uncompressed image, or a single compressed block of a compressed image). The texel block size for each format is shown in the Compatible formats table.

The representation of non-packed formats is that the first component specified in the name of the format is in the lowest memory addresses and the last component specified is in the highest memory addresses. See Byte mappings for non-packed/compressed color formats. The in-memory ordering of bytes within a component is determined by the host endianness.

Table 36. Byte mappings for non-packed/compressed color formats
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ← Byte
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
R | `VK_FORMAT_R8_*`
R | G | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_*`
R | G | B | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_*`
B | G | R | `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_*`
R | G | B | A | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_*`
B | G | R | A | `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_*`
G0 | B | G1 | R | `VK_FORMAT_G8B8G8R8_422_UNORM`
B | G0 | R | G1 | `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8G8_422_UNORM`
R | `VK_FORMAT_R16_*`
R | G | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_*`
R | G | B | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_*`
R | G | B | A | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_*`
G0 | B | G1 | R | `VK_FORMAT_G10X6B10X6G10X6R10X6_4PACK16_422_UNORM` `VK_FORMAT_G12X4B12X4G12X4R12X4_4PACK16_422_UNORM` `VK_FORMAT_G16B16G16R16_UNORM`
B | G0 | R | G1 | `VK_FORMAT_B10X6G10X6R10X6G10X6_4PACK16_422_UNORM` `VK_FORMAT_B12X4G12X4R12X4G12X4_4PACK16_422_UNORM` `VK_FORMAT_B16G16R16G16_422_UNORM`
R | `VK_FORMAT_R32_*`
R | G | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_*`
R | G | B | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_*`
R | G | B | A | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_*`
R | `VK_FORMAT_R64_*`
R | G | `VK_FORMAT_R64G64_*`
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_*` as `VK_FORMAT_R64G64_*` but with B in bytes 16-23
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_*` as `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_*` but with A in bytes 24-31

Packed formats store multiple components within one underlying type. The bit representation is that the first component specified in the name of the format is in the most-significant bits and the last component specified is in the least-significant bits of the underlying type. The in-memory ordering of bytes comprising the underlying type is determined by the host endianness.

Table 37. Bit mappings for packed 8-bit formats
Bit
7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_R4G4_UNORM_PACK8`
R | G
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0

Table 38. Bit mappings for packed 16-bit formats
Bit
15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_R4G4B4A4_UNORM_PACK16`
R | G | B | A
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM_PACK16`
B | G | R | A
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_A4R4G4B4_UNORM_PACK16`
A | R | G | B
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_A4B4G4R4_UNORM_PACK16`
A | B | G | R
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16`
R | G | B
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM_PACK16`
B | G | R
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_R5G5B5A1_UNORM_PACK16`
R | G | B | A
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM_PACK16`
B | G | R | A
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_A1R5G5B5_UNORM_PACK16`
A | R | G | B
0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16`
R | X
9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16`
R | X
11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0

Table 39. Bit mappings for packed 32-bit formats
Bit
31 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_*_PACK32`
A | B | G | R
7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_*_PACK32`
A | R | G | B
1 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_*_PACK32`
A | B | G | R
1 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_B10G11R11_UFLOAT_PACK32`
B | G | R
9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_E5B9G9R9_UFLOAT_PACK32`
E | B | G | R
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0
`VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32`
X | D
7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0

#### 34.1.5. Depth/Stencil Formats

Depth/stencil formats are considered opaque and need not be stored in the exact number of bits per texel or component ordering indicated by the format enum. However, implementations must not substitute a different depth or stencil precision than is described in the format (e.g. D16 must not be implemented as D24 or D32).

#### 34.1.6. Format Compatibility Classes

Uncompressed color formats are compatible with each other if they occupy the same number of bits per texel block. Compressed color formats are compatible with each other if the only difference between them is the numerical type of the uncompressed pixels (e.g. signed vs. unsigned, or SRGB vs. UNORM encoding). Each depth/stencil format is only compatible with itself. In the following table, all the formats in the same row are compatible.

Table 40. Compatible Formats
Class, Texel Block Size, # Texels/Block | Formats
--- | ---
8-bit Block size 1 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R4G4_UNORM_PACK8`, `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R8_USCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R8_SSCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R8_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R8_SRGB`
16-bit Block size 2 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R4G4B4A4_UNORM_PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM_PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM_PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_R5G5B5A1_UNORM_PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM_PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_A1R5G5B5_UNORM_PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_USCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SSCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SRGB`, `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R16_SNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R16_USCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R16_SSCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R16_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_A4R4G4B4_UNORM_PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_A4B4G4R4_UNORM_PACK16`
24-bit Block size 3 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_USCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SSCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SRGB`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_UNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_USCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SSCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SRGB`
32-bit Block size 4 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_USCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SSCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_USCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SSCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB`, `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SNORM_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_USCALED_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SSCALED_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UINT_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SINT_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SRGB_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SNORM_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_USCALED_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SSCALED_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UINT_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SINT_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SNORM_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_USCALED_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SSCALED_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UINT_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SINT_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_USCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SSCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_B10G11R11_UFLOAT_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_E5B9G9R9_UFLOAT_PACK32`, `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16`, `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16`
48-bit Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_USCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SSCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SFLOAT`
64-bit Block size 8 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_USCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SSCALED`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_R64_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R64_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R64_SFLOAT`
96-bit Block size 12 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT`
128-bit Block size 16 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT`, `VK_FORMAT_R64G64_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R64G64_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R64G64_SFLOAT`
192-bit Block size 24 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_SFLOAT`
256-bit Block size 32 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_UINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_SINT`, `VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_SFLOAT`
D16 Block size 2 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM`
D24 Block size 4 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32`
D32 Block size 4 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT`
S8 Block size 1 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_S8_UINT`
D16S8 Block size 3 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT`
D24S8 Block size 4 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT`
D32S8 Block size 5 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT`
BC1_RGB Block size 8 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_SRGB_BLOCK`
BC1_RGBA Block size 8 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_SRGB_BLOCK`
BC2 Block size 16 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_BC2_SRGB_BLOCK`
BC3 Block size 16 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_BC3_SRGB_BLOCK`
BC4 Block size 8 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM_BLOCK`
BC5 Block size 16 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM_BLOCK`
BC6H Block size 16 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_BC6H_UFLOAT_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_BC6H_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
BC7 Block size 16 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_BC7_SRGB_BLOCK`
ETC2_RGB Block size 8 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_SRGB_BLOCK`
ETC2_RGBA Block size 8 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_SRGB_BLOCK`
ETC2_EAC_RGBA Block size 16 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_SRGB_BLOCK`
EAC_R Block size 8 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_SNORM_BLOCK`
EAC_RG Block size 16 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_SNORM_BLOCK`
ASTC_4x4 Block size 16 byte 4x4x1 block extent 16 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_5x4 Block size 16 byte 5x4x1 block extent 20 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_5x5 Block size 16 byte 5x5x1 block extent 25 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_6x5 Block size 16 byte 6x5x1 block extent 30 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_6x6 Block size 16 byte 6x6x1 block extent 36 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_8x5 Block size 16 byte 8x5x1 block extent 40 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_8x6 Block size 16 byte 8x6x1 block extent 48 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_8x8 Block size 16 byte 8x8x1 block extent 64 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_10x5 Block size 16 byte 10x5x1 block extent 50 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_10x6 Block size 16 byte 10x6x1 block extent 60 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_10x8 Block size 16 byte 10x8x1 block extent 80 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_10x10 Block size 16 byte 10x10x1 block extent 100 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_12x10 Block size 16 byte 12x10x1 block extent 120 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
ASTC_12x12 Block size 16 byte 12x12x1 block extent 144 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_UNORM_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SRGB_BLOCK`, `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SFLOAT_BLOCK`
32-bit G8B8G8R8 Block size 4 byte 2x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G8B8G8R8_422_UNORM`
32-bit B8G8R8G8 Block size 4 byte 2x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8G8_422_UNORM`
8-bit 3-plane 420 Block size 3 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_420_UNORM`
8-bit 2-plane 420 Block size 3 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_420_UNORM`
8-bit 3-plane 422 Block size 3 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_422_UNORM`
8-bit 2-plane 422 Block size 3 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_422_UNORM`
8-bit 3-plane 444 Block size 3 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_444_UNORM`
64-bit R10G10B10A10 Block size 8 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16`
64-bit G10B10G10R10 Block size 8 byte 2x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G10X6B10X6G10X6R10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16`
64-bit B10G10R10G10 Block size 8 byte 2x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_B10X6G10X6R10X6G10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16`
10-bit 3-plane 420 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`
10-bit 2-plane 420 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`
10-bit 3-plane 422 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`
10-bit 2-plane 422 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`
10-bit 3-plane 444 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`
64-bit R12G12B12A12 Block size 8 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4B12X4A12X4_UNORM_4PACK16`
64-bit G12B12G12R12 Block size 8 byte 2x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G12X4B12X4G12X4R12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16`
64-bit B12G12R12G12 Block size 8 byte 2x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_B12X4G12X4R12X4G12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16`
12-bit 3-plane 420 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`
12-bit 2-plane 420 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`
12-bit 3-plane 422 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`
12-bit 2-plane 422 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`
12-bit 3-plane 444 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`
64-bit G16B16G16R16 Block size 8 byte 2x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G16B16G16R16_422_UNORM`
64-bit B16G16R16G16 Block size 8 byte 2x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_B16G16R16G16_422_UNORM`
16-bit 3-plane 420 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_420_UNORM`
16-bit 2-plane 420 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_420_UNORM`
16-bit 3-plane 422 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_422_UNORM`
16-bit 2-plane 422 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_422_UNORM`
16-bit 3-plane 444 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_444_UNORM`
PVRTC1_2BPP Block size 8 byte 8x4x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_PVRTC1_2BPP_UNORM_BLOCK_IMG`, `VK_FORMAT_PVRTC1_2BPP_SRGB_BLOCK_IMG`
PVRTC1_4BPP Block size 8 byte 4x4x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_PVRTC1_4BPP_UNORM_BLOCK_IMG`, `VK_FORMAT_PVRTC1_4BPP_SRGB_BLOCK_IMG`
PVRTC2_2BPP Block size 8 byte 8x4x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_PVRTC2_2BPP_UNORM_BLOCK_IMG`, `VK_FORMAT_PVRTC2_2BPP_SRGB_BLOCK_IMG`
PVRTC2_4BPP Block size 8 byte 4x4x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_PVRTC2_4BPP_UNORM_BLOCK_IMG`, `VK_FORMAT_PVRTC2_4BPP_SRGB_BLOCK_IMG`
8-bit 2-plane 444 Block size 3 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_444_UNORM`
10-bit 2-plane 444 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`
12-bit 2-plane 444 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`
16-bit 2-plane 444 Block size 6 byte 1x1x1 block extent 1 texel/block | `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_444_UNORM`

### 34.2. Format Properties

To query supported format features which are properties of the physical device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkFormat                                    format,
        VkFormatProperties*                         pFormatProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the format properties.

- `format` is the format whose properties are queried.

- `pFormatProperties` is a pointer to a VkFormatProperties structure in which physical device properties for `format` are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties-pFormatProperties-parameter
  `pFormatProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkFormatProperties structure

The `VkFormatProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkFormatProperties {
        VkFormatFeatureFlags    linearTilingFeatures;
        VkFormatFeatureFlags    optimalTilingFeatures;
        VkFormatFeatureFlags    bufferFeatures;
    } VkFormatProperties;

- `linearTilingFeatures` is a bitmask of VkFormatFeatureFlagBits specifying features supported by images created with a `tiling` parameter of `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`.

- `optimalTilingFeatures` is a bitmask of VkFormatFeatureFlagBits specifying features supported by images created with a `tiling` parameter of `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`.

- `bufferFeatures` is a bitmask of VkFormatFeatureFlagBits specifying features supported by buffers.

| Note If no format feature flags are supported, the format itself is not supported, and images of that format cannot be created.

If `format` is a block-compressed format, then `bufferFeatures` must not support any features for the format.

If `format` is not a multi-plane format then `linearTilingFeatures` and `optimalTilingFeatures` must not contain `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DISJOINT_BIT`.

Bits which can be set in the VkFormatProperties features `linearTilingFeatures`, `optimalTilingFeatures`, and `bufferFeatures` are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkFormatFeatureFlagBits {
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000040,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000080,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT = 0x00000100,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000200,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT = 0x00000400,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT = 0x00000800,
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT = 0x00001000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT = 0x00004000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT = 0x00008000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT = 0x00020000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_LINEAR_FILTER_BIT = 0x00040000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_SEPARATE_RECONSTRUCTION_FILTER_BIT = 0x00080000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT = 0x00100000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_FORCEABLE_BIT = 0x00200000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DISJOINT_BIT = 0x00400000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT = 0x00800000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_2
        VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT = 0x00010000,
    } VkFormatFeatureFlagBits;

These values all have the same meaning as the equivalently named values for VkFormatFeatureFlags2 and may be set in `linearTilingFeatures` and `optimalTilingFeatures`, specifying that the features are supported by images or image views or sampler Y′CBCR conversion objects created with the queried vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties::`format`:

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` specifies that an image view can be sampled from.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` specifies that an image view can be used as a storage image.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` specifies that an image view can be used as storage image that supports atomic operations.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that an image view can be used as a framebuffer color attachment and as an input attachment.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` specifies that an image view can be used as a framebuffer color attachment that supports blending and as an input attachment.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that an image view can be used as a framebuffer depth/stencil attachment and as an input attachment.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` specifies that an image can be used as `srcImage` for the `vkCmdBlitImage2` and `vkCmdBlitImage` commands.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` specifies that an image can be used as `dstImage` for the `vkCmdBlitImage2` and `vkCmdBlitImage` commands.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` specifies that if `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` is also set, an image view can be used with a sampler that has either of `magFilter` or `minFilter` set to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`, or `mipmapMode` set to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR`. If `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` is also set, an image can be used as the `srcImage` to `vkCmdBlitImage2` and `vkCmdBlitImage` with a `filter` of `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`. This bit must only be exposed for formats that also support the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` or `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT`.

  If the format being queried is a depth/stencil format, this bit only specifies that the depth aspect (not the stencil aspect) of an image of this format supports linear filtering, and that linear filtering of the depth aspect is supported whether depth compare is enabled in the sampler or not. Where depth comparison is supported it may be linear filtered whether this bit is present or not, but where this bit is not present the filtered value may be computed in an implementation-dependent manner which differs from the normal rules of linear filtering. The resulting value must be in the range [0,1] and should be proportional to, or a weighted average of, the number of comparison passes or failures.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` specifies that an image can be used as a source image for copy commands.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` specifies that an image can be used as a destination image for copy commands and clear commands.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT` specifies `VkImage` can be used as a sampled image with a min or max VkSamplerReductionMode. This bit must only be exposed for formats that also support the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` specifies that an application can define a sampler Y′CBCR conversion using this format as a source, and that an image of this format can be used with a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo `xChromaOffset` and/or `yChromaOffset` of `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT`. Otherwise both `xChromaOffset` and `yChromaOffset` must be `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN`. If a format does not incorporate chroma downsampling (it is not a “422” or “420” format) but the implementation supports sampler Y′CBCR conversion for this format, the implementation must set `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT`.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` specifies that an application can define a sampler Y′CBCR conversion using this format as a source, and that an image of this format can be used with a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo `xChromaOffset` and/or `yChromaOffset` of `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN`. Otherwise both `xChromaOffset` and `yChromaOffset` must be `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT`. If neither `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` nor `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` is set, the application must not define a sampler Y′CBCR conversion using this format as a source.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_LINEAR_FILTER_BIT` specifies that an application can define a sampler Y′CBCR conversion using this format as a source with `chromaFilter` set to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_SEPARATE_RECONSTRUCTION_FILTER_BIT` specifies that the format can have different chroma, min, and mag filters.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT` specifies that reconstruction is explicit, as described in Chroma Reconstruction. If this bit is not present, reconstruction is implicit by default.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_FORCEABLE_BIT` specifies that reconstruction can be forcibly made explicit by setting VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo::`forceExplicitReconstruction` to `VK_TRUE`. If the format being queried supports `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT` it must also support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_FORCEABLE_BIT`.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DISJOINT_BIT` specifies that a multi-planar image can have the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set during image creation. An implementation must not set `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DISJOINT_BIT` for single-plane formats.

The following bits may be set in `bufferFeatures`, specifying that the features are supported by buffers or buffer views created with the queried vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties::`format`:

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the format can be used to create a buffer view that can be bound to a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` descriptor.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the format can be used to create a buffer view that can be bound to a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` descriptor.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` specifies that atomic operations are supported on `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` with this format.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the format can be used as a vertex attribute format (`VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`format`).

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkFormatFeatureFlags;

`VkFormatFeatureFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkFormatFeatureFlagBits.

To query supported format features which are properties of the physical device, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkFormat                                    format,
        VkFormatProperties2*                        pFormatProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the format properties.

- `format` is the format whose properties are queried.

- `pFormatProperties` is a pointer to a VkFormatProperties2 structure in which physical device properties for `format` are returned.

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2` behaves similarly to vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties, with the ability to return extended information in a `pNext` chain of output structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2-pFormatProperties-parameter
  `pFormatProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkFormatProperties2 structure

The `VkFormatProperties2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkFormatProperties2 {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        void*                 pNext;
        VkFormatProperties    formatProperties;
    } VkFormatProperties2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `formatProperties` is a VkFormatProperties structure describing features supported by the requested format.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkFormatProperties2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2`

- VUID-VkFormatProperties2-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkFormatProperties3

- VUID-VkFormatProperties2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

To query supported format extended features which are properties of the physical device, add VkFormatProperties3 structure to the `pNext` chain of VkFormatProperties2.

The VkFormatProperties3 structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkFormatProperties3 {
        VkStructureType          sType;
        void*                    pNext;
        VkFormatFeatureFlags2    linearTilingFeatures;
        VkFormatFeatureFlags2    optimalTilingFeatures;
        VkFormatFeatureFlags2    bufferFeatures;
    } VkFormatProperties3;

- `linearTilingFeatures` is a bitmask of VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 specifying features supported by images created with a `tiling` parameter of `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`.

- `optimalTilingFeatures` is a bitmask of VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 specifying features supported by images created with a `tiling` parameter of `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`.

- `bufferFeatures` is a bitmask of VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 specifying features supported by buffers.

The bits reported in `linearTilingFeatures`, `optimalTilingFeatures` and `bufferFeatures` must include the bits reported in the corresponding fields of `VkFormatProperties2`::`formatProperties`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkFormatProperties3-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_3`

Bits which can be set in the VkFormatProperties3 features `linearTilingFeatures`, `optimalTilingFeatures`, and `bufferFeatures` are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    // Flag bits for VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2
    typedef VkFlags64 VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT = 0x00000001ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000001ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT = 0x00000002ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT_KHR = 0x00000002ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT = 0x00000004ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT_KHR = 0x00000004ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000008ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000008ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000010ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000010ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT = 0x00000020ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT_KHR = 0x00000020ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT = 0x00000040ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT_KHR = 0x00000040ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000080ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR = 0x00000080ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT = 0x00000100ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT_KHR = 0x00000100ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT = 0x00000200ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR = 0x00000200ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLIT_SRC_BIT = 0x00000400ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLIT_SRC_BIT_KHR = 0x00000400ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLIT_DST_BIT = 0x00000800ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLIT_DST_BIT_KHR = 0x00000800ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT = 0x00001000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT_KHR = 0x00001000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_CUBIC_BIT = 0x00002000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_CUBIC_BIT_EXT = 0x00002000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT = 0x00004000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT_KHR = 0x00004000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_TRANSFER_DST_BIT = 0x00008000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_TRANSFER_DST_BIT_KHR = 0x00008000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT = 0x00010000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT_KHR = 0x00010000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT = 0x00020000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT_KHR = 0x00020000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_LINEAR_FILTER_BIT = 0x00040000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_LINEAR_FILTER_BIT_KHR = 0x00040000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_SEPARATE_RECONSTRUCTION_FILTER_BIT = 0x00080000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_SEPARATE_RECONSTRUCTION_FILTER_BIT_KHR = 0x00080000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT = 0x00100000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT_KHR = 0x00100000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_FORCEABLE_BIT = 0x00200000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_FORCEABLE_BIT_KHR = 0x00200000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_DISJOINT_BIT = 0x00400000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_DISJOINT_BIT_KHR = 0x00400000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT = 0x00800000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT_KHR = 0x00800000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT = 0x80000000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT_KHR = 0x80000000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT = 0x100000000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT_KHR = 0x100000000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT = 0x200000000ULL;
    static const VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2 VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT_KHR = 0x200000000ULL;

The following bits may be set in `linearTilingFeatures` and `optimalTilingFeatures`, specifying that the features are supported by images or image views or sampler Y′CBCR conversion objects created with the queried vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2::`format`:

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` specifies that an image view can be sampled from.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` specifies that an image view can be used as a storage image.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` specifies that an image view can be used as storage image that supports atomic operations.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that an image view can be used as a framebuffer color attachment and as an input attachment.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` specifies that an image view can be used as a framebuffer color attachment that supports blending and as an input attachment.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` specifies that an image view can be used as a framebuffer depth/stencil attachment and as an input attachment.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLIT_SRC_BIT` specifies that an image can be used as the `srcImage` for vkCmdBlitImage2 and vkCmdBlitImage.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLIT_DST_BIT` specifies that an image can be used as the `dstImage` for vkCmdBlitImage2 and vkCmdBlitImage.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` specifies that if `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` is also set, an image view can be used with a sampler that has either of `magFilter` or `minFilter` set to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`, or `mipmapMode` set to `VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR`. If `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLIT_SRC_BIT` is also set, an image can be used as the `srcImage` for vkCmdBlitImage2 and `vkCmdBlitImage` with a `filter` of `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`. This bit must only be exposed for formats that also support the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` or `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_BLIT_SRC_BIT`.

  If the format being queried is a depth/stencil format, this bit only specifies that the depth aspect (not the stencil aspect) of an image of this format supports linear filtering. Where depth comparison is supported it may be linear filtered whether this bit is present or not, but where this bit is not present the filtered value may be computed in an implementation-dependent manner which differs from the normal rules of linear filtering. The resulting value must be in the range [0,1] and should be proportional to, or a weighted average of, the number of comparison passes or failures.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` specifies that an image can be used as a source image for copy commands.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` specifies that an image can be used as a destination image for copy commands and clear commands.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT` specifies `VkImage` can be used as a sampled image with a min or max VkSamplerReductionMode. This bit must only be exposed for formats that also support the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` specifies that an application can define a sampler Y′CBCR conversion using this format as a source, and that an image of this format can be used with a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo `xChromaOffset` and/or `yChromaOffset` of `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT`. Otherwise both `xChromaOffset` and `yChromaOffset` must be `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN`. If a format does not incorporate chroma downsampling (it is not a “422” or “420” format) but the implementation supports sampler Y′CBCR conversion for this format, the implementation must set `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT`.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` specifies that an application can define a sampler Y′CBCR conversion using this format as a source, and that an image of this format can be used with a VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo `xChromaOffset` and/or `yChromaOffset` of `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_COSITED_EVEN`. Otherwise both `xChromaOffset` and `yChromaOffset` must be `VK_CHROMA_LOCATION_MIDPOINT`. If neither `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` nor `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` is set, the application must not define a sampler Y′CBCR conversion using this format as a source.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_LINEAR_FILTER_BIT` specifies that an application can define a sampler Y′CBCR conversion using this format as a source with `chromaFilter` set to `VK_FILTER_LINEAR`.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_SEPARATE_RECONSTRUCTION_FILTER_BIT` specifies that the format can have different chroma, min, and mag filters.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT` specifies that reconstruction is explicit, as described in Chroma Reconstruction. If this bit is not present, reconstruction is implicit by default.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_FORCEABLE_BIT` specifies that reconstruction can be forcibly made explicit by setting VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo::`forceExplicitReconstruction` to `VK_TRUE`. If the format being queried supports `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT` it must also support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_FORCEABLE_BIT`.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_DISJOINT_BIT` specifies that a multi-planar image can have the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` set during image creation. An implementation must not set `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_DISJOINT_BIT` for single-plane formats.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` specifies that image views created with this format can be used as storage images for read operations without specifying a format.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` specifies that image views created with this format can be used as storage images for write operations without specifying a format.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT` specifies that image views created with this format can be used for depth comparison performed by `OpImage*Dref*` instructions.

The following bits may be set in `bufferFeatures`, specifying that the features are supported by buffers or buffer views created with the queried vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2::`format`:

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the format can be used to create a buffer view that can be bound to a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER` descriptor.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the format can be used to create a buffer view that can be bound to a `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` descriptor.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` specifies that atomic operations are supported on `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER` with this format.

- `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` specifies that the format can be used as a vertex attribute format (`VkVertexInputAttributeDescription`::`format`).

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef VkFlags64 VkFormatFeatureFlags2;

`VkFormatFeatureFlags2` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2.

#### 34.2.1. Potential Format Features

Some valid usage conditions depend on the format features supported by an VkImage whose VkImageTiling is unknown. In such cases the exact VkFormatFeatureFlagBits supported by the VkImage cannot be determined, so the valid usage conditions are expressed in terms of the potential format features of the VkImage format.

The potential format features of a VkFormat are defined as follows:

- The union of VkFormatFeatureFlagBits and VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2, supported when the VkImageTiling is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL` or `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`

### 34.3. Required Format Support

Implementations must support at least the following set of features on the listed formats. For images, these features must be supported for every VkImageType (including arrayed and cube variants) unless otherwise noted. These features are supported on existing formats without needing to advertise an extension or needing to explicitly enable them. Support for additional functionality beyond the requirements listed here is queried using the vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties command.

| Note Unless otherwise excluded below, the required formats are supported for all VkImageCreateFlags values as long as those flag values are otherwise allowed.

The following tables show which feature bits must be supported for each format. Formats that are required to support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` must also support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` and `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`.

Table 41. Key for format feature tables
✓ | This feature must be supported on the named format
† | This feature must be supported on at least some of the named formats, with more information in the table where the symbol appears
‡ | This feature must be supported with some caveats or preconditions, with more information in the table where the symbol appears

Table 42. Feature bits in `optimalTilingFeatures`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT`

Table 43. Feature bits in `bufferFeatures`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT`

Table 44. Mandatory format support: sub-byte components
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R4G4_UNORM_PACK8` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R4G4B4A4_UNORM_PACK16` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM_PACK16` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM_PACK16` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R5G5B5A1_UNORM_PACK16` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM_PACK16` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A1R5G5B5_UNORM_PACK16` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A4R4G4B4_UNORM_PACK16` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A4B4G4R4_UNORM_PACK16` | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Format features marked † must be supported for `optimalTilingFeatures` if the `VkPhysicalDevice` supports the `VkPhysicalDevice4444FormatsFeaturesEXT`::`formatA4R4G4B4` feature.
Format features marked ‡ must be supported for `optimalTilingFeatures` if the `VkPhysicalDevice` supports the `VkPhysicalDevice4444FormatsFeaturesEXT`::`formatA4B4G4R4` feature.

Table 45. Mandatory format support: 1-3 byte-sized components
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ‡ |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8_USCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8_SSCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8_SINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8_SRGB` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ‡ |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8_USCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SSCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SRGB` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SNORM` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_USCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SSCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SRGB` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_UNORM` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SNORM` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_USCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SSCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SRGB` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Format features marked with ‡ must be supported for `optimalTilingFeatures` if the `VkPhysicalDevice` supports the `shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats` feature.

Table 46. Mandatory format support: 4 byte-sized components
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_USCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SSCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SNORM` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_USCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SSCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SNORM_PACK32` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_USCALED_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SSCALED_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UINT_PACK32` | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SINT_PACK32` | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SRGB_PACK32` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |

Table 47. Mandatory format support: 10- and 12-bit components
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SNORM_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_USCALED_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SSCALED_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UINT_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SINT_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SNORM_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_USCALED_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SSCALED_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UINT_PACK32` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SINT_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Format features marked with ‡ must be supported for `optimalTilingFeatures` if the `VkPhysicalDevice` supports the `shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats` feature.

Table 48. Mandatory format support: 16-bit components
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM` |  |  |  | ‡ |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16_SNORM` |  |  |  | ‡ |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16_USCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16_SSCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16_UINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM` |  |  |  | ‡ |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM` |  |  |  | ‡ |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16_USCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SSCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ‡ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UNORM` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SNORM` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_USCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SSCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SFLOAT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM` |  |  |  | ‡ |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM` |  |  |  | ‡ |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_USCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SSCALED` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Format features marked with ‡ must be supported for `optimalTilingFeatures` if the `VkPhysicalDevice` supports the `shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats` feature.

Table 49. Mandatory format support: 32-bit components
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓
`VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓
`VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
`VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT` | ✓ | ✓ |  | ✓ |  | ✓ | ✓ |  |  | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |

Table 50. Mandatory format support: 64-bit/uneven components
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_R64_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64_SINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64_SFLOAT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64_SINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64_SFLOAT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_SINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_SFLOAT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_SINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_SFLOAT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B10G11R11_UFLOAT_PACK32` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ‡ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |
`VK_FORMAT_E5B9G9R9_UFLOAT_PACK32` | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Format features marked with ‡ must be supported for `optimalTilingFeatures` if the `VkPhysicalDevice` supports the `shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats` feature.

Table 51. Mandatory format support: depth/stencil with `VkImageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM` | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ✓ |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | † |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT` | ✓ | ✓ |  |  |  |  |  |  | † |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_S8_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | † |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT` |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | † |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` feature must be supported for at least one of `VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32` and `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT`, and must be supported for at least one of `VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT` and `VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT`.
`bufferFeatures` must not support any features for these formats

Table 52. Mandatory format support: BC compressed formats with `VkImageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC2_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC3_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC6H_UFLOAT_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC6H_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_BC7_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`, `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` and `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` features must be supported in `optimalTilingFeatures` for all the formats in at least one of: this table, Mandatory format support: ETC2 and EAC compressed formats with `VkImageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`, or Mandatory format support: ASTC LDR compressed formats with `VkImageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`.

Table 53. Mandatory format support: ETC2 and EAC compressed formats with `VkImageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_SNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_SNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`, `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` and `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` features must be supported in `optimalTilingFeatures` for all the formats in at least one of: this table, Mandatory format support: BC compressed formats with `VkImageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, or Mandatory format support: ASTC LDR compressed formats with `VkImageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`.

Table 54. Mandatory format support: ASTC LDR compressed formats with `VkImageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BLEND_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
Format
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_UNORM_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SRGB_BLOCK` | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT`, `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_BLIT_SRC_BIT` and `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT` features must be supported in `optimalTilingFeatures` for all the formats in at least one of: this table, Mandatory format support: BC compressed formats with `VkImageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` and `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`, or Mandatory format support: ETC2 and EAC compressed formats with `VkImageType` `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`.

To be used with `VkImageView` with `subresourceRange.aspectMask` equal to `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT`, sampler Y′CBCR conversion must be enabled for the following formats:

Table 55. Formats requiring sampler Y′CBCR conversion for `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT` image views
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_FORCEABLE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_SEPARATE_RECONSTRUCTION_FILTER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_LINEAR_FILTER_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` | ↓
`VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DISJOINT_BIT` | ↓
Format | Planes
`VK_FORMAT_G8B8G8R8_422_UNORM` | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8G8_422_UNORM` | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_420_UNORM` | 3 |  | † | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_420_UNORM` | 2 |  | † | † | † | † |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_422_UNORM` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_422_UNORM` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_444_UNORM` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16` | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6B10X6G10X6R10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16` | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B10X6G10X6R10X6G10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16` | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4B12X4A12X4_UNORM_4PACK16` | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4B12X4G12X4R12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16` | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B12X4G12X4R12X4G12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16` | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G16B16G16R16_422_UNORM` | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_B16G16R16G16_422_UNORM` | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_420_UNORM` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_420_UNORM` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_422_UNORM` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_422_UNORM` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_444_UNORM` | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_444_UNORM` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
`VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_444_UNORM` | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Format features marked † must be supported for `optimalTilingFeatures` with VkImageType `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` if the `VkPhysicalDevice` supports the VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures feature.

Implementations are not required to support the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_BINDING_BIT`, `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_RESIDENCY_BIT`, or `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPARSE_ALIASED_BIT` VkImageCreateFlags for the above formats that require sampler Y′CBCR conversion. To determine whether the implementation supports sparse image creation flags with these formats use vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties or vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2.

#### 34.3.1. Formats without shader storage format

The device-level features for using a storage image with an image format of `Unknown`, shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat and shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat, only apply to the following formats:

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT`

- `VK_FORMAT_B10G11R11_UFLOAT_PACK32`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_SNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_SINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UINT_PACK32`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R16_UINT`

- `VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT`

| Note This list of formats is the union of required storage formats from Required Format Support section and formats listed in `shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats`.

An implementation that supports `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` for any format from the given list of formats and supports shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat must support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_READ_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` for that same format if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2`` extension is supported.

An implementation that supports `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT` for any format from the given list of formats and supports shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat must support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_STORAGE_WRITE_WITHOUT_FORMAT_BIT` for that same format if Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2`` extension is supported.

#### 34.3.2. Depth comparison format support

If Vulkan 1.3 or the ``VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2`` extension is supported, a depth/stencil format with a depth component supporting `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT` must support `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_2_SAMPLED_IMAGE_DEPTH_COMPARISON_BIT`.

## 35. Additional Capabilities

This chapter describes additional capabilities beyond the minimum capabilities described in the Limits and Formats chapters, including:

- Additional Image Capabilities

- Additional Buffer Capabilities

- Optional Semaphore Capabilities

- Optional Fence Capabilities

### 35.1. Additional Image Capabilities

Additional image capabilities, such as larger dimensions or additional sample counts for certain image types, or additional capabilities for linear tiling format images, are described in this section.

To query additional capabilities specific to image types, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    VkResult vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        VkFormat                                    format,
        VkImageType                                 type,
        VkImageTiling                               tiling,
        VkImageUsageFlags                           usage,
        VkImageCreateFlags                          flags,
        VkImageFormatProperties*                    pImageFormatProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the image capabilities.

- `format` is a VkFormat value specifying the image format, corresponding to VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

- `type` is a VkImageType value specifying the image type, corresponding to VkImageCreateInfo::`imageType`.

- `tiling` is a VkImageTiling value specifying the image tiling, corresponding to VkImageCreateInfo::`tiling`.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkImageUsageFlagBits specifying the intended usage of the image, corresponding to VkImageCreateInfo::`usage`.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkImageCreateFlagBits specifying additional parameters of the image, corresponding to VkImageCreateInfo::`flags`.

- `pImageFormatProperties` is a pointer to a VkImageFormatProperties structure in which capabilities are returned.

The `format`, `type`, `tiling`, `usage`, and `flags` parameters correspond to parameters that would be consumed by vkCreateImage (as members of VkImageCreateInfo).

If `format` is not a supported image format, or if the combination of `format`, `type`, `tiling`, `usage`, and `flags` is not supported for images, then `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties` returns `VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED`.

The limitations on an image format that are reported by `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties` have the following property: if `usage1` and `usage2` of type VkImageUsageFlags are such that the bits set in `usage1` are a subset of the bits set in `usage2`, and `flags1` and `flags2` of type VkImageCreateFlags are such that the bits set in `flags1` are a subset of the bits set in `flags2`, then the limitations for `usage1` and `flags1` must be no more strict than the limitations for `usage2` and `flags2`, for all values of `format`, `type`, and `tiling`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkImageType value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties-tiling-parameter
  `tiling` must be a valid VkImageTiling value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkImageCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties-pImageFormatProperties-parameter
  `pImageFormatProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkImageFormatProperties structure

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED`

The `VkImageFormatProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkImageFormatProperties {
        VkExtent3D            maxExtent;
        uint32_t              maxMipLevels;
        uint32_t              maxArrayLayers;
        VkSampleCountFlags    sampleCounts;
        VkDeviceSize          maxResourceSize;
    } VkImageFormatProperties;

- `maxExtent` are the maximum image dimensions. See the Allowed Extent Values section below for how these values are constrained by `type`.

- `maxMipLevels` is the maximum number of mipmap levels. `maxMipLevels` must be equal to the number of levels in the complete mipmap chain based on the `maxExtent.width`, `maxExtent.height`, and `maxExtent.depth`, except when one of the following conditions is true, in which case it may instead be `1`:

  - `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties`::`tiling` was `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`

  - the VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2::`pNext` chain included a VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo structure with a handle type included in the `handleTypes` member for which mipmap image support is not required

  - image `format` is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion

- `maxArrayLayers` is the maximum number of array layers. `maxArrayLayers` must be no less than VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageArrayLayers`, except when one of the following conditions is true, in which case it may instead be `1`:

  - `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`

  - `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL` and `type` is `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`

  - `format` is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion

- `sampleCounts` is a bitmask of VkSampleCountFlagBits specifying all the supported sample counts for this image as described below.

- `maxResourceSize` is an upper bound on the total image size in bytes, inclusive of all image subresources. Implementations may have an address space limit on total size of a resource, which is advertised by this property. `maxResourceSize` must be at least 231.

| Note There is no mechanism to query the size of an image before creating it, to compare that size against `maxResourceSize`. If an application attempts to create an image that exceeds this limit, the creation will fail and vkCreateImage will return `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`. While the advertised limit must be at least 231, it may not be possible to create an image that approaches that size, particularly for `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`.

If the combination of parameters to `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties` is not supported by the implementation for use in vkCreateImage, then all members of `VkImageFormatProperties` will be filled with zero.

| Note Filling `VkImageFormatProperties` with zero for unsupported formats is an exception to the usual rule that output structures have undefined contents on error. This exception was unintentional, but is preserved for backwards compatibility.

To query additional capabilities specific to image types, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    VkResult vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        const VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2*     pImageFormatInfo,
        VkImageFormatProperties2*                   pImageFormatProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the image capabilities.

- `pImageFormatInfo` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 structure describing the parameters that would be consumed by vkCreateImage.

- `pImageFormatProperties` is a pointer to a VkImageFormatProperties2 structure in which capabilities are returned.

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2` behaves similarly to vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties, with the ability to return extended information in a `pNext` chain of output structures.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2-pImageFormatInfo-parameter
  `pImageFormatInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 structure

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2-pImageFormatProperties-parameter
  `pImageFormatProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkImageFormatProperties2 structure

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY`

  - `VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED`

The `VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        const void*           pNext;
        VkFormat              format;
        VkImageType           type;
        VkImageTiling         tiling;
        VkImageUsageFlags     usage;
        VkImageCreateFlags    flags;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure. The `pNext` chain of `VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2` is used to provide additional image parameters to `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2`.

- `format` is a VkFormat value indicating the image format, corresponding to VkImageCreateInfo::`format`.

- `type` is a VkImageType value indicating the image type, corresponding to VkImageCreateInfo::`imageType`.

- `tiling` is a VkImageTiling value indicating the image tiling, corresponding to VkImageCreateInfo::`tiling`.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkImageUsageFlagBits indicating the intended usage of the image, corresponding to VkImageCreateInfo::`usage`.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkImageCreateFlagBits indicating additional parameters of the image, corresponding to VkImageCreateInfo::`flags`.

The members of `VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2` correspond to the arguments to vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties, with `sType` and `pNext` added for extensibility.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO_2`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkImageFormatListCreateInfo, VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo, or VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2-format-parameter
  `format` must be a valid VkFormat value

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2-type-parameter
  `type` must be a valid VkImageType value

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2-tiling-parameter
  `tiling` must be a valid VkImageTiling value

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkImageUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkImageCreateFlagBits values

The `VkImageFormatProperties2` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkImageFormatProperties2 {
        VkStructureType            sType;
        void*                      pNext;
        VkImageFormatProperties    imageFormatProperties;
    } VkImageFormatProperties2;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure. The `pNext` chain of `VkImageFormatProperties2` is used to allow the specification of additional capabilities to be returned from `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2`.

- `imageFormatProperties` is a VkImageFormatProperties structure in which capabilities are returned.

If the combination of parameters to `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2` is not supported by the implementation for use in vkCreateImage, then all members of `imageFormatProperties` will be filled with zero.

| Note Filling `imageFormatProperties` with zero for unsupported formats is an exception to the usual rule that output structures have undefined contents on error. This exception was unintentional, but is preserved for backwards compatibility. This exeption only applies to `imageFormatProperties`, not `sType`, `pNext`, or any structures chained from `pNext`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkImageFormatProperties2-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2`

- VUID-VkImageFormatProperties2-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkExternalImageFormatProperties or VkSamplerYcbcrConversionImageFormatProperties

- VUID-VkImageFormatProperties2-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

To determine the image capabilities compatible with an external memory handle type, add a VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2 structure and a `VkExternalImageFormatProperties` structure to the `pNext` chain of the VkImageFormatProperties2 structure.

The `VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo {
        VkStructureType                       sType;
        const void*                           pNext;
        VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits    handleType;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleType` is a VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits value specifying the memory handle type that will be used with the memory associated with the image.

If `handleType` is 0, vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 will behave as if VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo was not present, and VkExternalImageFormatProperties will be ignored.

If `handleType` is not compatible with the `format`, `type`, `tiling`, `usage`, and `flags` specified in VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2, then vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2 returns `VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED`.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo-handleType-parameter
  If `handleType` is not `0`, `handleType` must be a valid VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits value

Possible values of VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo::`handleType`, specifying an external memory handle type, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits {
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_KMT_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_HEAP_BIT = 0x00000020,
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_RESOURCE_BIT = 0x00000040,
    } VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits;

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT` specifies a POSIX file descriptor handle that has only limited valid usage outside of Vulkan and other compatible APIs. It must be compatible with the POSIX system calls `dup`, `dup2`, `close`, and the non-standard system call `dup3`. Additionally, it must be transportable over a socket using an `SCM_RIGHTS` control message. It owns a reference to the underlying memory resource represented by its Vulkan memory object.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT` specifies an NT handle that has only limited valid usage outside of Vulkan and other compatible APIs. It must be compatible with the functions `DuplicateHandle`, `CloseHandle`, `CompareObjectHandles`, `GetHandleInformation`, and `SetHandleInformation`. It owns a reference to the underlying memory resource represented by its Vulkan memory object.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT` specifies a global share handle that has only limited valid usage outside of Vulkan and other compatible APIs. It is not compatible with any native APIs. It does not own a reference to the underlying memory resource represented by its Vulkan memory object, and will therefore become invalid when all Vulkan memory objects associated with it are destroyed.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_BIT` specifies an NT handle returned by `IDXGIResource1`::`CreateSharedHandle` referring to a Direct3D 10 or 11 texture resource. It owns a reference to the memory used by the Direct3D resource.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_KMT_BIT` specifies a global share handle returned by `IDXGIResource`::`GetSharedHandle` referring to a Direct3D 10 or 11 texture resource. It does not own a reference to the underlying Direct3D resource, and will therefore become invalid when all Vulkan memory objects and Direct3D resources associated with it are destroyed.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_HEAP_BIT` specifies an NT handle returned by `ID3D12Device`::`CreateSharedHandle` referring to a Direct3D 12 heap resource. It owns a reference to the resources used by the Direct3D heap.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_RESOURCE_BIT` specifies an NT handle returned by `ID3D12Device`::`CreateSharedHandle` referring to a Direct3D 12 committed resource. It owns a reference to the memory used by the Direct3D resource.

Some external memory handle types can only be shared within the same underlying physical device and/or the same driver version, as defined in the following table:

Table 56. External memory handle types compatibility
Handle type | `VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties`::`driverUUID` | `VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties`::`deviceUUID`
`VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_KMT_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_HEAP_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_RESOURCE_BIT` | Must match | Must match

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags;

`VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits.

The `VkExternalImageFormatProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExternalImageFormatProperties {
        VkStructureType               sType;
        void*                         pNext;
        VkExternalMemoryProperties    externalMemoryProperties;
    } VkExternalImageFormatProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `externalMemoryProperties` is a VkExternalMemoryProperties structure specifying various capabilities of the external handle type when used with the specified image creation parameters.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalImageFormatProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES`

The `VkExternalMemoryProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExternalMemoryProperties {
        VkExternalMemoryFeatureFlags       externalMemoryFeatures;
        VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags    exportFromImportedHandleTypes;
        VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags    compatibleHandleTypes;
    } VkExternalMemoryProperties;

- `externalMemoryFeatures` is a bitmask of VkExternalMemoryFeatureFlagBits specifying the features of `handleType`.

- `exportFromImportedHandleTypes` is a bitmask of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits specifying which types of imported handle `handleType` can be exported from.

- `compatibleHandleTypes` is a bitmask of VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits specifying handle types which can be specified at the same time as `handleType` when creating an image compatible with external memory.

`compatibleHandleTypes` must include at least `handleType`. Inclusion of a handle type in `compatibleHandleTypes` does not imply the values returned in VkImageFormatProperties2 will be the same when VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo::`handleType` is set to that type. The application is responsible for querying the capabilities of all handle types intended for concurrent use in a single image and intersecting them to obtain the compatible set of capabilities.

Bits which may be set in VkExternalMemoryProperties::`externalMemoryFeatures`, specifying features of an external memory handle type, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkExternalMemoryFeatureFlagBits {
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FEATURE_DEDICATED_ONLY_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT = 0x00000004,
    } VkExternalMemoryFeatureFlagBits;

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FEATURE_DEDICATED_ONLY_BIT` specifies that images or buffers created with the specified parameters and handle type must use the mechanisms defined by VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements and VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo to create (or import) a dedicated allocation for the image or buffer.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT` specifies that handles of this type can be exported from Vulkan memory objects.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT` specifies that handles of this type can be imported as Vulkan memory objects.

Because their semantics in external APIs roughly align with that of an image or buffer with a dedicated allocation in Vulkan, implementations are required to report `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_FEATURE_DEDICATED_ONLY_BIT` for the following external handle types:

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_BIT`

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_TEXTURE_KMT_BIT`

- `VK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_RESOURCE_BIT`

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkExternalMemoryFeatureFlags;

`VkExternalMemoryFeatureFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkExternalMemoryFeatureFlagBits.

To determine the number of combined image samplers required to support a multi-planar format, add VkSamplerYcbcrConversionImageFormatProperties to the `pNext` chain of the VkImageFormatProperties2 structure in a call to `vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2`.

The `VkSamplerYcbcrConversionImageFormatProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkSamplerYcbcrConversionImageFormatProperties {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        void*              pNext;
        uint32_t           combinedImageSamplerDescriptorCount;
    } VkSamplerYcbcrConversionImageFormatProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `combinedImageSamplerDescriptorCount` is the number of combined image sampler descriptors that the implementation uses to access the format.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkSamplerYcbcrConversionImageFormatProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES`

`combinedImageSamplerDescriptorCount` is a number between 1 and the number of planes in the format. A descriptor set layout binding with immutable Y′CBCR conversion samplers will have a maximum `combinedImageSamplerDescriptorCount` which is the maximum across all formats supported by its samplers of the `combinedImageSamplerDescriptorCount` for each format. Descriptor sets with that layout will internally use that maximum `combinedImageSamplerDescriptorCount` descriptors for each descriptor in the binding. This expanded number of descriptors will be consumed from the descriptor pool when a descriptor set is allocated, and counts towards the `maxDescriptorSetSamplers`, `maxDescriptorSetSampledImages`, `maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers`, and `maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages` limits.

| Note All descriptors in a binding use the same maximum `combinedImageSamplerDescriptorCount` descriptors to allow implementations to use a uniform stride for dynamic indexing of the descriptors in the binding. For example, consider a descriptor set layout binding with two descriptors and immutable samplers for multi-planar formats that have `VkSamplerYcbcrConversionImageFormatProperties`::`combinedImageSamplerDescriptorCount` values of `2` and `3` respectively. There are two descriptors in the binding and the maximum `combinedImageSamplerDescriptorCount` is `3`, so descriptor sets with this layout consume `6` descriptors from the descriptor pool. To create a descriptor pool that allows allocating four descriptor sets with this layout, `descriptorCount` must be at least `24`.

#### 35.1.1. Supported Sample Counts

`vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties` returns a bitmask of VkSampleCountFlagBits in `sampleCounts` specifying the supported sample counts for the image parameters.

`sampleCounts` will be set to `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT` if at least one of the following conditions is true:

- `tiling` is `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`

- `type` is not `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D`

- `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`

- Neither the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` flag nor the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT` flag in `VkFormatProperties`::`optimalTilingFeatures` returned by vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties is set

- VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo::`handleType` is an external handle type for which multisampled image support is not required.

- `format` is one of the formats that require a sampler Y′CBCR conversion

Otherwise, the bits set in `sampleCounts` will be the sample counts supported for the specified values of `usage` and `format`. For each bit set in `usage`, the supported sample counts relate to the limits in `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits` as follows:

- If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` and `format` is a floating- or fixed-point color format, a superset of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`framebufferColorSampleCounts`

- If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` and `format` is an integer format, a superset of `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`framebufferIntegerColorSampleCounts`

- If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and `format` includes a depth aspect, a superset of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`framebufferDepthSampleCounts`

- If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT`, and `format` includes a stencil aspect, a superset of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`framebufferStencilSampleCounts`

- If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, and `format` includes a color aspect, a superset of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`sampledImageColorSampleCounts`

- If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, and `format` includes a depth aspect, a superset of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`sampledImageDepthSampleCounts`

- If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT`, and `format` is an integer format, a superset of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`sampledImageIntegerSampleCounts`

- If `usage` includes `VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT`, a superset of `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`storageImageSampleCounts`

If multiple bits are set in `usage`, `sampleCounts` will be the intersection of the per-usage values described above.

If none of the bits described above are set in `usage`, then there is no corresponding limit in `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`. In this case, `sampleCounts` must include at least `VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT`.

#### 35.1.2. Allowed Extent Values Based On Image Type

Implementations may support extent values larger than the required minimum/maximum values for certain types of images. VkImageFormatProperties::`maxExtent` for each type is subject to the constraints below.

| Note Implementations must support images with dimensions up to the required minimum/maximum values for all types of images. It follows that the query for additional capabilities must return extent values that are at least as large as the required values.

For `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D`:

- `maxExtent.width` ≥ VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageDimension1D`

- `maxExtent.height` = 1

- `maxExtent.depth` = 1

For `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` when `flags` does not contain `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`:

- `maxExtent.width` ≥ VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageDimension2D`

- `maxExtent.height` ≥ VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageDimension2D`

- `maxExtent.depth` = 1

For `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D` when `flags` contains `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT`:

- `maxExtent.width` ≥ VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageDimensionCube`

- `maxExtent.height` ≥ VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageDimensionCube`

- `maxExtent.depth` = 1

For `VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D`:

- `maxExtent.width` ≥ VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageDimension3D`

- `maxExtent.height` ≥ VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageDimension3D`

- `maxExtent.depth` ≥ VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxImageDimension3D`

### 35.2. Additional Buffer Capabilities

To query the external handle types supported by buffers, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        const VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo*   pExternalBufferInfo,
        VkExternalBufferProperties*                 pExternalBufferProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the buffer capabilities.

- `pExternalBufferInfo` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo structure describing the parameters that would be consumed by vkCreateBuffer.

- `pExternalBufferProperties` is a pointer to a VkExternalBufferProperties structure in which capabilities are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties-pExternalBufferInfo-parameter
  `pExternalBufferInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo structure

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties-pExternalBufferProperties-parameter
  `pExternalBufferProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkExternalBufferProperties structure

The `VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo {
        VkStructureType                       sType;
        const void*                           pNext;
        VkBufferCreateFlags                   flags;
        VkBufferUsageFlags                    usage;
        VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits    handleType;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is a bitmask of VkBufferCreateFlagBits describing additional parameters of the buffer, corresponding to VkBufferCreateInfo::`flags`.

- `usage` is a bitmask of VkBufferUsageFlagBits describing the intended usage of the buffer, corresponding to VkBufferCreateInfo::`usage`.

- `handleType` is a VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits value specifying the memory handle type that will be used with the memory associated with the buffer.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_BUFFER_INFO`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo-flags-parameter
  `flags` must be a valid combination of VkBufferCreateFlagBits values

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo-usage-parameter
  `usage` must be a valid combination of VkBufferUsageFlagBits values

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo-usage-requiredbitmask
  `usage` must not be `0`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo-handleType-parameter
  `handleType` must be a valid VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits value

The `VkExternalBufferProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExternalBufferProperties {
        VkStructureType               sType;
        void*                         pNext;
        VkExternalMemoryProperties    externalMemoryProperties;
    } VkExternalBufferProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `externalMemoryProperties` is a VkExternalMemoryProperties structure specifying various capabilities of the external handle type when used with the specified buffer creation parameters.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalBufferProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_BUFFER_PROPERTIES`

- VUID-VkExternalBufferProperties-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

### 35.3. Optional Semaphore Capabilities

Semaphores may support import and export of their payload to external handles. To query the external handle types supported by semaphores, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        const VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo* pExternalSemaphoreInfo,
        VkExternalSemaphoreProperties*              pExternalSemaphoreProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the semaphore capabilities.

- `pExternalSemaphoreInfo` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo structure describing the parameters that would be consumed by vkCreateSemaphore.

- `pExternalSemaphoreProperties` is a pointer to a VkExternalSemaphoreProperties structure in which capabilities are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties-pExternalSemaphoreInfo-parameter
  `pExternalSemaphoreInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo structure

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties-pExternalSemaphoreProperties-parameter
  `pExternalSemaphoreProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkExternalSemaphoreProperties structure

The `VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo {
        VkStructureType                          sType;
        const void*                              pNext;
        VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits    handleType;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleType` is a VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits value specifying the external semaphore handle type for which capabilities will be returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo-handleType-parameter
  `handleType` must be a valid VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits value

Bits which may be set in VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo::`handleType`, specifying an external semaphore handle type, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits {
        VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_FENCE_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_FENCE_BIT = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_FENCE_BIT,
    } VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits;

- `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT` specifies a POSIX file descriptor handle that has only limited valid usage outside of Vulkan and other compatible APIs. It must be compatible with the POSIX system calls `dup`, `dup2`, `close`, and the non-standard system call `dup3`. Additionally, it must be transportable over a socket using an `SCM_RIGHTS` control message. It owns a reference to the underlying synchronization primitive represented by its Vulkan semaphore object.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT` specifies an NT handle that has only limited valid usage outside of Vulkan and other compatible APIs. It must be compatible with the functions `DuplicateHandle`, `CloseHandle`, `CompareObjectHandles`, `GetHandleInformation`, and `SetHandleInformation`. It owns a reference to the underlying synchronization primitive represented by its Vulkan semaphore object.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT` specifies a global share handle that has only limited valid usage outside of Vulkan and other compatible APIs. It is not compatible with any native APIs. It does not own a reference to the underlying synchronization primitive represented by its Vulkan semaphore object, and will therefore become invalid when all Vulkan semaphore objects associated with it are destroyed.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_FENCE_BIT` specifies an NT handle returned by `ID3D12Device`::`CreateSharedHandle` referring to a Direct3D 12 fence, or `ID3D11Device5`::`CreateFence` referring to a Direct3D 11 fence. It owns a reference to the underlying synchronization primitive associated with the Direct3D fence.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D11_FENCE_BIT` is an alias of `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_FENCE_BIT` with the same meaning. It is provided for convenience and code clarity when interacting with D3D11 fences.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT` specifies a POSIX file descriptor handle to a Linux Sync File or Android Fence object. It can be used with any native API accepting a valid sync file or fence as input. It owns a reference to the underlying synchronization primitive associated with the file descriptor. Implementations which support importing this handle type must accept any type of sync or fence FD supported by the native system they are running on.

| Note Handles of type `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT` generated by the implementation may represent either Linux Sync Files or Android Fences at the implementation’s discretion. Applications should only use operations defined for both types of file descriptors, unless they know via means external to Vulkan the type of the file descriptor, or are prepared to deal with the system-defined operation failures resulting from using the wrong type.

Some external semaphore handle types can only be shared within the same underlying physical device and/or the same driver version, as defined in the following table:

Table 57. External semaphore handle types compatibility
Handle type | `VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties`::`driverUUID` | `VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties`::`deviceUUID`
`VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_D3D12_FENCE_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT` | No restriction | No restriction
`VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_ZIRCON_EVENT_BIT_FUCHSIA` | No restriction | No restriction

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlags;

`VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits.

The `VkExternalSemaphoreProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExternalSemaphoreProperties {
        VkStructureType                       sType;
        void*                                 pNext;
        VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlags    exportFromImportedHandleTypes;
        VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlags    compatibleHandleTypes;
        VkExternalSemaphoreFeatureFlags       externalSemaphoreFeatures;
    } VkExternalSemaphoreProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `exportFromImportedHandleTypes` is a bitmask of VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits specifying which types of imported handle `handleType` can be exported from.

- `compatibleHandleTypes` is a bitmask of VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits specifying handle types which can be specified at the same time as `handleType` when creating a semaphore.

- `externalSemaphoreFeatures` is a bitmask of VkExternalSemaphoreFeatureFlagBits describing the features of `handleType`.

If `handleType` is not supported by the implementation, then VkExternalSemaphoreProperties::`externalSemaphoreFeatures` will be set to zero.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalSemaphoreProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_PROPERTIES`

- VUID-VkExternalSemaphoreProperties-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

Bits which may be set in VkExternalSemaphoreProperties::`externalSemaphoreFeatures`, specifying the features of an external semaphore handle type, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkExternalSemaphoreFeatureFlagBits {
        VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT = 0x00000002,
    } VkExternalSemaphoreFeatureFlagBits;

- `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT` specifies that handles of this type can be exported from Vulkan semaphore objects.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT` specifies that handles of this type can be imported as Vulkan semaphore objects.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkExternalSemaphoreFeatureFlags;

`VkExternalSemaphoreFeatureFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkExternalSemaphoreFeatureFlagBits.

### 35.4. Optional Fence Capabilities

Fences may support import and export of their payload to external handles. To query the external handle types supported by fences, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    void vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        const VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo*    pExternalFenceInfo,
        VkExternalFenceProperties*                  pExternalFenceProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the physical device from which to query the fence capabilities.

- `pExternalFenceInfo` is a pointer to a VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo structure describing the parameters that would be consumed by vkCreateFence.

- `pExternalFenceProperties` is a pointer to a VkExternalFenceProperties structure in which capabilities are returned.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties-pExternalFenceInfo-parameter
  `pExternalFenceInfo` must be a valid pointer to a valid VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo structure

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties-pExternalFenceProperties-parameter
  `pExternalFenceProperties` must be a valid pointer to a VkExternalFenceProperties structure

The `VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo {
        VkStructureType                      sType;
        const void*                          pNext;
        VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits    handleType;
    } VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `handleType` is a VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits value specifying an external fence handle type for which capabilities will be returned.

| Note Handles of type `VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT` generated by the implementation may represent either Linux Sync Files or Android Fences at the implementation’s discretion. Applications should only use operations defined for both types of file descriptors, unless they know via means external to Vulkan the type of the file descriptor, or are prepared to deal with the system-defined operation failures resulting from using the wrong type.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_FENCE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo-handleType-parameter
  `handleType` must be a valid VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits value

Bits which may be set in * VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo::`handleType` * VkExternalFenceProperties::`exportFromImportedHandleTypes` * VkExternalFenceProperties::`compatibleHandleTypes` indicate external fence handle types, and are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits {
        VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT = 0x00000008,
    } VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits;

- `VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT` specifies a POSIX file descriptor handle that has only limited valid usage outside of Vulkan and other compatible APIs. It must be compatible with the POSIX system calls `dup`, `dup2`, `close`, and the non-standard system call `dup3`. Additionally, it must be transportable over a socket using an `SCM_RIGHTS` control message. It owns a reference to the underlying synchronization primitive represented by its Vulkan fence object.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT` specifies an NT handle that has only limited valid usage outside of Vulkan and other compatible APIs. It must be compatible with the functions `DuplicateHandle`, `CloseHandle`, `CompareObjectHandles`, `GetHandleInformation`, and `SetHandleInformation`. It owns a reference to the underlying synchronization primitive represented by its Vulkan fence object.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT` specifies a global share handle that has only limited valid usage outside of Vulkan and other compatible APIs. It is not compatible with any native APIs. It does not own a reference to the underlying synchronization primitive represented by its Vulkan fence object, and will therefore become invalid when all Vulkan fence objects associated with it are destroyed.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT` specifies a POSIX file descriptor handle to a Linux Sync File or Android Fence. It can be used with any native API accepting a valid sync file or fence as input. It owns a reference to the underlying synchronization primitive associated with the file descriptor. Implementations which support importing this handle type must accept any type of sync or fence FD supported by the native system they are running on.

Some external fence handle types can only be shared within the same underlying physical device and/or the same driver version, as defined in the following table:

Table 58. External fence handle types compatibility
Handle type | `VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties`::`driverUUID` | `VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties`::`deviceUUID`
`VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_FD_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_OPAQUE_WIN32_KMT_BIT` | Must match | Must match
`VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT` | No restriction | No restriction

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlags;

`VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits.

The `VkExternalFenceProperties` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef struct VkExternalFenceProperties {
        VkStructureType                   sType;
        void*                             pNext;
        VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlags    exportFromImportedHandleTypes;
        VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlags    compatibleHandleTypes;
        VkExternalFenceFeatureFlags       externalFenceFeatures;
    } VkExternalFenceProperties;

- `exportFromImportedHandleTypes` is a bitmask of VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits indicating which types of imported handle `handleType` can be exported from.

- `compatibleHandleTypes` is a bitmask of VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits specifying handle types which can be specified at the same time as `handleType` when creating a fence.

- `externalFenceFeatures` is a bitmask of VkExternalFenceFeatureFlagBits indicating the features of `handleType`.

If `handleType` is not supported by the implementation, then VkExternalFenceProperties::`externalFenceFeatures` will be set to zero.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkExternalFenceProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_FENCE_PROPERTIES`

- VUID-VkExternalFenceProperties-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

Bits which may be set in VkExternalFenceProperties::`externalFenceFeatures`, indicating features of a fence external handle type, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkExternalFenceFeatureFlagBits {
        VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT = 0x00000002,
    } VkExternalFenceFeatureFlagBits;

- `VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_FEATURE_EXPORTABLE_BIT` specifies handles of this type can be exported from Vulkan fence objects.

- `VK_EXTERNAL_FENCE_FEATURE_IMPORTABLE_BIT` specifies handles of this type can be imported to Vulkan fence objects.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef VkFlags VkExternalFenceFeatureFlags;

`VkExternalFenceFeatureFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkExternalFenceFeatureFlagBits.

## 36. Debugging

To aid developers in tracking down errors in the application’s use of Vulkan, particularly in combination with an external debugger or profiler, debugging extensions may be available.

The VkObjectType enumeration defines values, each of which corresponds to a specific Vulkan handle type. These values can be used to associate debug information with a particular type of object through one or more extensions.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef enum VkObjectType {
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_INSTANCE = 1,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE = 2,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE = 3,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_QUEUE = 4,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE = 5,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER = 6,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FENCE = 7,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE_MEMORY = 8,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER = 9,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE = 10,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_EVENT = 11,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_QUERY_POOL = 12,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW = 13,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW = 14,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE = 15,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE = 16,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT = 17,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_RENDER_PASS = 18,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE = 19,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT = 20,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER = 21,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL = 22,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET = 23,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER = 24,
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL = 25,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION = 1000156000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE = 1000085000,
      // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
        VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PRIVATE_DATA_SLOT = 1000295000,
    } VkObjectType;

Table 59. `VkObjectType` and Vulkan Handle Relationship
VkObjectType | Vulkan Handle Type
--- | ---
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_UNKNOWN` | Unknown/Undefined Handle
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_INSTANCE` | VkInstance
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE` | VkPhysicalDevice
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE` | VkDevice
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_QUEUE` | VkQueue
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE` | VkSemaphore
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER` | VkCommandBuffer
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FENCE` | VkFence
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE_MEMORY` | VkDeviceMemory
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER` | VkBuffer
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE` | VkImage
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_EVENT` | VkEvent
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_QUERY_POOL` | VkQueryPool
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW` | VkBufferView
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW` | VkImageView
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE` | VkShaderModule
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE` | VkPipelineCache
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT` | VkPipelineLayout
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_RENDER_PASS` | VkRenderPass
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE` | VkPipeline
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT` | VkDescriptorSetLayout
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER` | VkSampler
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL` | VkDescriptorPool
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET` | VkDescriptorSet
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER` | VkFramebuffer
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL` | VkCommandPool
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION` | VkSamplerYcbcrConversion
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE` | VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate
`VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PRIVATE_DATA_SLOT` | VkPrivateDataSlot

If this Specification was generated with any such extensions included, they will be described in the remainder of this chapter.

### 36.1. Active Tooling Information

Information about tools providing debugging, profiling, or similar services, active for a given physical device, can be obtained by calling:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    VkResult vkGetPhysicalDeviceToolProperties(
        VkPhysicalDevice                            physicalDevice,
        uint32_t*                                   pToolCount,
        VkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties*             pToolProperties);

- `physicalDevice` is the handle to the physical device to query for active tools.

- `pToolCount` is a pointer to an integer describing the number of tools active on `physicalDevice`.

- `pToolProperties` is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties structures.

If `pToolProperties` is `NULL`, then the number of tools currently active on `physicalDevice` is returned in `pToolCount`. Otherwise, `pToolCount` must point to a variable set by the user to the number of elements in the `pToolProperties` array, and on return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually written to `pToolProperties`. If `pToolCount` is less than the number of currently active tools, at most `pToolCount` structures will be written.

The count and properties of active tools may change in response to events outside the scope of the specification. An application should assume these properties might change at any given time.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceToolProperties-physicalDevice-parameter
  `physicalDevice` must be a valid VkPhysicalDevice handle

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceToolProperties-pToolCount-parameter
  `pToolCount` must be a valid pointer to a `uint32_t` value

- VUID-vkGetPhysicalDeviceToolProperties-pToolProperties-parameter
  If the value referenced by `pToolCount` is not `0`, and `pToolProperties` is not `NULL`, `pToolProperties` must be a valid pointer to an array of `pToolCount` VkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties structures

Return Codes

Success

  - `VK_SUCCESS`

  - `VK_INCOMPLETE`

Failure

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY`

The VkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef struct VkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties {
        VkStructureType       sType;
        void*                 pNext;
        char                  name[VK_MAX_EXTENSION_NAME_SIZE];
        char                  version[VK_MAX_EXTENSION_NAME_SIZE];
        VkToolPurposeFlags    purposes;
        char                  description[VK_MAX_DESCRIPTION_SIZE];
        char                  layer[VK_MAX_EXTENSION_NAME_SIZE];
    } VkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties;

- `sType` is the type of this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `name` is a null-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the tool.

- `version` is a null-terminated UTF-8 string containing the version of the tool.

- `purposes` is a bitmask of VkToolPurposeFlagBits which is populated with purposes supported by the tool.

- `description` is a null-terminated UTF-8 string containing a description of the tool.

- `layer` is a null-terminated UTF-8 string containing the name of the layer implementing the tool, if the tool is implemented in a layer - otherwise it may be an empty string.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TOOL_PROPERTIES`

- VUID-VkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties-pNext-pNext
  `pNext` must be `NULL`

Bits which can be set in VkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties::`purposes`, specifying the purposes of an active tool, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef enum VkToolPurposeFlagBits {
        VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_VALIDATION_BIT = 0x00000001,
        VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_PROFILING_BIT = 0x00000002,
        VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_TRACING_BIT = 0x00000004,
        VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_ADDITIONAL_FEATURES_BIT = 0x00000008,
        VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_MODIFYING_FEATURES_BIT = 0x00000010,
        VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT = VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_VALIDATION_BIT,
        VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_PROFILING_BIT_EXT = VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_PROFILING_BIT,
        VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_TRACING_BIT_EXT = VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_TRACING_BIT,
        VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_ADDITIONAL_FEATURES_BIT_EXT = VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_ADDITIONAL_FEATURES_BIT,
        VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_MODIFYING_FEATURES_BIT_EXT = VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_MODIFYING_FEATURES_BIT,
    } VkToolPurposeFlagBits;

- `VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_VALIDATION_BIT` specifies that the tool provides validation of API usage.

- `VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_PROFILING_BIT` specifies that the tool provides profiling of API usage.

- `VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_TRACING_BIT` specifies that the tool is capturing data about the application’s API usage, including anything from simple logging to capturing data for later replay.

- `VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_ADDITIONAL_FEATURES_BIT` specifies that the tool provides additional API features/extensions on top of the underlying implementation.

- `VK_TOOL_PURPOSE_MODIFYING_FEATURES_BIT` specifies that the tool modifies the API features/limits/extensions presented to the application.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    typedef VkFlags VkToolPurposeFlags;

VkToolPurposeFlags is a bitmask type for setting a mask of zero or more VkToolPurposeFlagBits.

## Appendix A: Vulkan Environment for SPIR-V

Shaders for Vulkan are defined by the Khronos SPIR-V Specification as well as the Khronos SPIR-V Extended Instructions for GLSL Specification. This appendix defines additional SPIR-V requirements applying to Vulkan shaders.

### Versions and Formats

A Vulkan 1.3 implementation must support the 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6 versions of SPIR-V and the 1.0 version of the SPIR-V Extended Instructions for GLSL.

A SPIR-V module passed into vkCreateShaderModule is interpreted as a series of 32-bit words in host endianness, with literal strings packed as described in section 2.2 of the SPIR-V Specification. The first few words of the SPIR-V module must be a magic number and a SPIR-V version number, as described in section 2.3 of the SPIR-V Specification.

### Capabilities

The table below lists the set of SPIR-V capabilities that may be supported in Vulkan implementations. The application must not use any of these capabilities in SPIR-V passed to vkCreateShaderModule unless one of the following conditions is met for the VkDevice specified in the `device` parameter of vkCreateShaderModule:

- The corresponding field in the table is blank.

- Any corresponding Vulkan feature is enabled.

- Any corresponding Vulkan extension is enabled.

- Any corresponding Vulkan property is supported.

- The corresponding core version is supported (as returned by VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion`).

Table 60. List of SPIR-V Capabilities and corresponding Vulkan features, extensions, or core version
SPIR-V `OpCapability` Vulkan feature, extension, or core version
`Matrix` VK_VERSION_1_0
`Shader` VK_VERSION_1_0
`InputAttachment` VK_VERSION_1_0
`Sampled1D` VK_VERSION_1_0
`Image1D` VK_VERSION_1_0
`SampledBuffer` VK_VERSION_1_0
`ImageBuffer` VK_VERSION_1_0
`ImageQuery` VK_VERSION_1_0
`DerivativeControl` VK_VERSION_1_0
`Geometry` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`geometryShader`
`Tessellation` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`tessellationShader`
`Float64` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderFloat64`
`Int64` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderInt64`
`Int64Atomics` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderBufferInt64Atomics` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderSharedInt64Atomics`
`Int16` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderInt16`
`TessellationPointSize` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderTessellationAndGeometryPointSize`
`GeometryPointSize` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderTessellationAndGeometryPointSize`
`ImageGatherExtended` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderImageGatherExtended`
`StorageImageMultisample` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderStorageImageMultisample`
`UniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderUniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`
`SampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing`
`StorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderStorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`
`StorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderStorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing`
`ClipDistance` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderClipDistance`
`CullDistance` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderCullDistance`
`ImageCubeArray` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`imageCubeArray`
`SampleRateShading` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`sampleRateShading`
`SparseResidency` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderResourceResidency`
`MinLod` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderResourceMinLod`
`SampledCubeArray` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`imageCubeArray`
`ImageMSArray` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderStorageImageMultisample`
`StorageImageExtendedFormats` VK_VERSION_1_0
`InterpolationFunction` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`sampleRateShading`
`StorageImageReadWithoutFormat` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat`
`StorageImageWriteWithoutFormat` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat`
`MultiViewport` `VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures`::`multiViewport`
`DrawParameters` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features`::`shaderDrawParameters` `VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures`::`shaderDrawParameters`
`MultiView` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features`::`multiview`
`DeviceGroup` VK_VERSION_1_1
`VariablePointersStorageBuffer` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features`::`variablePointersStorageBuffer`
`VariablePointers` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features`::`variablePointers`
`ShaderViewportIndex` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderOutputViewportIndex`
`ShaderLayer` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderOutputLayer`
`StorageBuffer16BitAccess` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features`::`storageBuffer16BitAccess`
`UniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features`::`uniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess`
`StoragePushConstant16` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features`::`storagePushConstant16`
`StorageInputOutput16` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features`::`storageInputOutput16`
`GroupNonUniform` VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT
`GroupNonUniformVote` VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_VOTE_BIT
`GroupNonUniformArithmetic` VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_ARITHMETIC_BIT
`GroupNonUniformBallot` VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BALLOT_BIT
`GroupNonUniformShuffle` VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_BIT
`GroupNonUniformShuffleRelative` VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_RELATIVE_BIT
`GroupNonUniformClustered` VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_CLUSTERED_BIT
`GroupNonUniformQuad` VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_QUAD_BIT
`ShaderNonUniform` VK_VERSION_1_2
`RuntimeDescriptorArray` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`runtimeDescriptorArray`
`InputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderInputAttachmentArrayDynamicIndexing`
`UniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`
`StorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`
`UniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`
`SampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing`
`StorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`
`StorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing`
`InputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderInputAttachmentArrayNonUniformIndexing`
`UniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`
`StorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`
`Float16` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderFloat16`
`Int8` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`shaderInt8`
`StorageBuffer8BitAccess` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`storageBuffer8BitAccess`
`UniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`uniformAndStorageBuffer8BitAccess`
`StoragePushConstant8` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`storagePushConstant8`
`VulkanMemoryModel` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`vulkanMemoryModel`
`VulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`vulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope`
`DenormPreserve` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderDenormPreserveFloat16` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderDenormPreserveFloat32` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderDenormPreserveFloat64`
`DenormFlushToZero` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat16` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat32` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat64`
`SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat16` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat32` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat64`
`RoundingModeRTE` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat16` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat32` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat64`
`RoundingModeRTZ` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat16` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat32` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties`::`shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat64`
`PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features`::`bufferDeviceAddress`
`DemoteToHelperInvocationEXT` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features`::`shaderDemoteToHelperInvocation`
`DotProductInputAllKHR` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features`::`shaderIntegerDotProduct`
`DotProductInput4x8BitKHR` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features`::`shaderIntegerDotProduct`
`DotProductInput4x8BitPackedKHR` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features`::`shaderIntegerDotProduct`
`DotProductKHR` `VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features`::`shaderIntegerDotProduct`

The application must not pass a SPIR-V module containing any of the following to vkCreateShaderModule:

- any `OpCapability` not listed above,

- an unsupported capability, or

- a capability which corresponds to a Vulkan feature or extension which has not been enabled.

#### SPIR-V Extensions

The following table lists SPIR-V extensions that implementations may support. The application must not pass a SPIR-V module to vkCreateShaderModule that uses the following SPIR-V extensions unless one of the following conditions is met for the VkDevice specified in the `device` parameter of vkCreateShaderModule:

- Any corresponding Vulkan extension is enabled.

- The corresponding core version is supported (as returned by VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion`).

Table 61. List of SPIR-V Extensions and corresponding Vulkan extensions or core version
SPIR-V `OpExtension` Vulkan extension or core version
`SPV_KHR_variable_pointers` VK_VERSION_1_1
`SPV_KHR_shader_draw_parameters` VK_VERSION_1_1
`SPV_KHR_8bit_storage` VK_VERSION_1_2
`SPV_KHR_16bit_storage` VK_VERSION_1_1
`SPV_KHR_float_controls` VK_VERSION_1_2
`SPV_KHR_storage_buffer_storage_class` VK_VERSION_1_1
`SPV_EXT_shader_viewport_index_layer` VK_VERSION_1_2
`SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing` VK_VERSION_1_2
`SPV_KHR_vulkan_memory_model` VK_VERSION_1_2
`SPV_KHR_physical_storage_buffer` VK_VERSION_1_2
`SPV_KHR_multiview` VK_VERSION_1_1

### Validation Rules within a Module

A SPIR-V module passed to vkCreateShaderModule must conform to the following rules:

#### Standalone SPIR-V Validation

The following rules can be validated with only the SPIR-V module itself. They do not depend on knowledge of the implementation and its capabilities or knowledge of runtime information, such as enabled features.

Valid Usage

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04633
  Every entry point must have no return value and accept no arguments

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04634
  The static function-call graph for an entry point must not contain cycles; that is, static recursion is not allowed

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04635
  The Logical or PhysicalStorageBuffer64 addressing model must be selected

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04636
  Scope for execution must be limited to Workgroup or Subgroup

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04637
  If the Scope for execution is Workgroup, then it must only be used in the task, mesh, tessellation control, or compute execution models

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04638
  Scope for memory must be limited to Device, QueueFamily, Workgroup, ShaderCallKHR, Subgroup, or Invocation

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04639
  If the Scope for memory is Workgroup, then it must only be used in the task, mesh, or compute execution models

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04640
  If the Scope for memory is ShaderCallKHR, then it must only be used in ray generation, intersection, closest hit, any-hit, miss, and callable execution models

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04641
  If the Scope for memory is Invocation, then memory semantics must be None

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04642
  Scope for group operations must be limited to Subgroup

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04643
  Storage Class must be limited to UniformConstant, Input, Uniform, Output, Workgroup, Private, Function, PushConstant, Image, StorageBuffer, RayPayloadKHR, IncomingRayPayloadKHR, HitAttributeKHR, CallableDataKHR, IncomingCallableDataKHR, ShaderRecordBufferKHR, or PhysicalStorageBuffer

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04644
  If the Storage Class is Output, then it must not be used in the GlCompute, RayGenerationKHR, IntersectionKHR, AnyHitKHR, ClosestHitKHR, MissKHR, or CallableKHR execution models

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04645
  If the Storage Class is Workgroup, then it must only be used in the task, mesh, or compute execution models

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpAtomicStore-04730
  `OpAtomicStore` must not use Acquire, AcquireRelease, or SequentiallyConsistent memory semantics

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpAtomicLoad-04731
  `OpAtomicLoad` must not use Release, AcquireRelease, or SequentiallyConsistent memory semantics

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpMemoryBarrier-04732
  `OpMemoryBarrier` must use one of Acquire, Release, AcquireRelease, or SequentiallyConsistent memory semantics

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpMemoryBarrier-04733
  `OpMemoryBarrier` must include at least one storage class

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpControlBarrier-04650
  If the semantics for `OpControlBarrier` includes one of Acquire, Release, AcquireRelease, or SequentiallyConsistent memory semantics, then it must include at least one storage class

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpVariable-04651
  Any `OpVariable` with an `Initializer` operand must have Output, Private, Function, or Workgroup as its Storage Class operand

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpVariable-04734
  Any `OpVariable` with an `Initializer` operand and Workgroup as its Storage Class operand must use `OpConstantNull` as the initializer

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpReadClockKHR-04652
  Scope for `OpReadClockKHR` must be limited to Subgroup or Device

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OriginLowerLeft-04653
  The `OriginLowerLeft` execution mode must not be used; fragment entry points must declare `OriginUpperLeft`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PixelCenterInteger-04654
  The `PixelCenterInteger` execution mode must not be used (pixels are always centered at half-integer coordinates)

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-UniformConstant-04655
  Any variable in the `UniformConstant` storage class must be typed as either `OpTypeImage`, `OpTypeSampler`, `OpTypeSampledImage`, `OpTypeAccelerationStructureKHR`, or an array of one of these types

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeImage-04656
  `OpTypeImage` must declare a scalar 32-bit float, 64-bit integer, or 32-bit integer type for the “Sampled Type” (`RelaxedPrecision` can be applied to a sampling instruction and to the variable holding the result of a sampling instruction)

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeImage-04657
  `OpTypeImage` must have a “Sampled” operand of 1 (sampled image) or 2 (storage image)

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeSampledImage-06671
  `OpTypeSampledImage` must have a `OpTypeImage` with a “Sampled” operand of 1 (sampled image)

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Image-04965
  The converted bit width, signedness, and numeric type of the `Image` `Format` operand of an `OpTypeImage` must match the `Sampled` `Type`, as defined in Image Format and Type Matching

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpImageTexelPointer-04658
  If an `OpImageTexelPointer` is used in an atomic operation, the image type of the `image` parameter to `OpImageTexelPointer` must have an image format of `R64i`, `R64ui`, `R32f`, `R32i`, or `R32ui`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpImageQuerySizeLod-04659
  `OpImageQuerySizeLod`, `OpImageQueryLod`, and `OpImageQueryLevels` must only consume an “Image” operand whose type has its “Sampled” operand set to 1

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeImage-06214
  An `OpTypeImage` with a “Dim” operand of `SubpassData` must have an “Arrayed” operand of 0 (non-arrayed) and a “Sampled” operand of 2 (storage image)

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-SubpassData-04660
  The (u,v) coordinates used for a `SubpassData` must be the <id> of a constant vector (0,0), or if a layer coordinate is used, must be a vector that was formed with constant 0 for the u and v components

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeImage-04661
  Objects of types `OpTypeImage`, `OpTypeSampler`, `OpTypeSampledImage`, and arrays of these types must not be stored to or modified

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Offset-04662
  Any image operation must use at most one of the `Offset`, `ConstOffset`, and `ConstOffsets` image operands

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Offset-04663
  Image operand `Offset` must only be used with `OpImage*Gather` instructions

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Offset-04865
  Any image instruction which uses an `Offset`, `ConstOffset`, or `ConstOffsets` image operand, must only consume a “Sampled Image” operand whose type has its “Sampled” operand set to 1

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpImageGather-04664
  The “Component” operand of `OpImageGather`, and `OpImageSparseGather` must be the <id> of a constant instruction

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpImage-04777
  `OpImage*Dref*` instructions must not consume an image whose `Dim` is 3D

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeAccelerationStructureKHR-04665
  Objects of types `OpTypeAccelerationStructureKHR` and arrays of this type must not be stored to or modified

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpReportIntersectionKHR-04666
  The value of the “Hit Kind” operand of `OpReportIntersectionKHR` must be in the range [0,127]

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04667
  Structure types must not contain opaque types

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-BuiltIn-04668
  Any `BuiltIn` decoration not listed in Built-In Variables must not be used

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-06672
  The `Location` or `Component` decorations must only be used with the `Input`, `Output`, `RayPayloadKHR`, `IncomingRayPayloadKHR`, `HitAttributeKHR`, `CallableDataKHR`, `IncomingCallableDataKHR`, or `ShaderRecordBufferKHR` storage classes

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04915
  The `Location` or `Component` decorations must not be used with `BuiltIn`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04916
  The `Location` decorations must be used on user-defined variables

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04917
  The `Location` decorations must be used on an `OpVariable` with a structure type that is not a block

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04918
  The `Location` decorations must not be used on the members of `OpVariable` with a structure type that is decorated with `Location`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04919
  The `Location` decorations must be used on each member of `OpVariable` with a structure type that is a block not decorated with `Location`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Component-04920
  The `Component` decoration value must not be greater than 3

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Component-04921
  If the `Component` decoration is used on an `OpVariable` that has a `OpTypeVector` type with a `Component` `Type` with a `Width` that is less than or equal to 32, the sum of its `Component` `Count` and the `Component` decoration value must be less than 4

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Component-04922
  If the `Component` decoration is used on an `OpVariable` that has a `OpTypeVector` type with a `Component` `Type` with a `Width` that is equal to 64, the sum of two times its `Component` `Count` and the `Component` decoration value must be less than 4

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Component-04923
  The `Component` decorations value must not be 1 or 3 for scalar or two-component 64-bit data types

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Component-04924
  The `Component` decorations must not used with any type that is not a scalar or vector

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-GLSLShared-04669
  The `GLSLShared` and `GLSLPacked` decorations must not be used

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Flat-04670
  The `Flat`, `NoPerspective`, `Sample`, and `Centroid` decorations must only be used on variables with the `Output` or `Input` storage class

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Flat-06201
  The `Flat`, `NoPerspective`, `Sample`, and `Centroid` decorations must not be used on variables with the `Output` storage class in a fragment shader

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Flat-06202
  The `Flat`, `NoPerspective`, `Sample`, and `Centroid` decorations must not be used on variables with the `Input` storage class in a vertex shader

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Flat-04744
  Any variable with integer or double-precision floating-point type and with `Input` storage class in a fragment shader, must be decorated `Flat`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-ViewportRelativeNV-04672
  The `ViewportRelativeNV` decoration must only be used on a variable decorated with `Layer` in the vertex, tessellation evaluation, or geometry shader stages

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-ViewportRelativeNV-04673
  The `ViewportRelativeNV` decoration must not be used unless a variable decorated with one of `ViewportIndex` or `ViewportMaskNV` is also statically used by the same `OpEntryPoint`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-ViewportMaskNV-04674
  The `ViewportMaskNV` and `ViewportIndex` decorations must not both be statically used by one or more `OpEntryPoint`’s that form the pre-rasterization shader stages of a graphics pipeline

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-FPRoundingMode-04675
  Rounding modes other than round-to-nearest-even and round-towards-zero must not be used for the `FPRoundingMode` decoration

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Invariant-04677
  Variables decorated with `Invariant` and variables with structure types that have any members decorated with `Invariant` must be in the `Output` or `Input` storage class, `Invariant` used on an `Input` storage class variable or structure member has no effect

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-VulkanMemoryModel-04678
  If the `VulkanMemoryModel` capability is not declared, the `Volatile` decoration must be used on any variable declaration that includes one of the `SMIDNV`, `WarpIDNV`, `SubgroupSize`, `SubgroupLocalInvocationId`, `SubgroupEqMask`, `SubgroupGeMask`, `SubgroupGtMask`, `SubgroupLeMask`, or `SubgroupLtMask` `BuiltIn` decorations when used in the ray generation, closest hit, miss, intersection, or callable shaders, or with the `RayTmaxKHR` `Builtin` decoration when used in an intersection shader

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-VulkanMemoryModel-04679
  If the `VulkanMemoryModel` capability is declared, the `OpLoad` instruction must use the `Volatile` memory semantics when it accesses into any variable that includes one of the `SMIDNV`, `WarpIDNV`, `SubgroupSize`, `SubgroupLocalInvocationId`, `SubgroupEqMask`, `SubgroupGeMask`, `SubgroupGtMask`, `SubgroupLeMask`, or `SubgroupLtMask` `BuiltIn` decorations when used in the ray generation, closest hit, miss, intersection, or callable shaders, or with the `RayTmaxKHR` `Builtin` decoration when used in an intersection shader

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680
  `OpTypeRuntimeArray` must only be used for the last member of a `Block`-decorated `OpTypeStruct` in `StorageBuffer` or `PhysicalStorageBuffer` storage classes; `BufferBlock`-decorated `OpTypeStruct` in `Uniform` storage class; the outermost dimension of an arrayed variable in the `StorageBuffer`, `Uniform`, or `UniformConstant` storage classes.

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Function-04681
  A type T that is an array sized with a specialization constant must neither be, nor be contained in, the type T2 of a variable V, unless either: a) T is equal to T2, b) V is declared in the `Function`, or `Private` storage classes, c) V is a non-Block variable in the `Workgroup` storage class, or d) V is an interface variable with an additional level of arrayness, as described in interface matching, and T is the member type of the array type T2

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpControlBarrier-04682
  If `OpControlBarrier` is used in ray generation, intersection, any-hit, closest hit, miss, fragment, vertex, tessellation evaluation, or geometry shaders, the execution Scope must be `Subgroup`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-LocalSize-06426
  For each compute shader entry point, either a `LocalSize` or `LocalSizeId` execution mode, or an object decorated with the `WorkgroupSize` decoration must be specified

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-DerivativeGroupQuadsNV-04684
  For compute shaders using the `DerivativeGroupQuadsNV` execution mode, the first two dimensions of the local workgroup size must be a multiple of two

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-DerivativeGroupLinearNV-04778
  For compute shaders using the `DerivativeGroupLinearNV` execution mode, the product of the dimensions of the local workgroup size must be a multiple of four

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpGroupNonUniformBallotBitCount-04685
  If `OpGroupNonUniformBallotBitCount` is used, the group operation must be limited to Reduce, InclusiveScan, or ExclusiveScan

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04686
  The Pointer operand of all atomic instructions must have a Storage Class limited to Uniform, Workgroup, Image, StorageBuffer, or PhysicalStorageBuffer

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Offset-04687
  Output variables or block members decorated with `Offset` that have a 64-bit type, or a composite type containing a 64-bit type, must specify an `Offset` value aligned to a 8 byte boundary

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Offset-04689
  The size of any output block containing any member decorated with `Offset` that is a 64-bit type must be a multiple of 8

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Offset-04690
  The first member of an output block specifying a `Offset` decoration must specify a `Offset` value that is aligned to an 8 byte boundary if that block contains any member decorated with `Offset` and is a 64-bit type

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Offset-04691
  Output variables or block members decorated with `Offset` that have a 32-bit type, or a composite type contains a 32-bit type, must specify an `Offset` value aligned to a 4 byte boundary

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Offset-04692
  Output variables, blocks or block members decorated with `Offset` must only contain base types that have components that are either 32-bit or 64-bit in size

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Offset-04716
  Only variables or block members in the output interface decorated with `Offset` can be captured for transform feedback, and those variables or block members must also be decorated with `XfbBuffer` and `XfbStride`, or inherit `XfbBuffer` and `XfbStride` decorations from a block containing them

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-XfbBuffer-04693
  All variables or block members in the output interface of the entry point being compiled decorated with a specific `XfbBuffer` value must all be decorated with identical `XfbStride` values

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Stream-04694
  If any variables or block members in the output interface of the entry point being compiled are decorated with `Stream`, then all variables belonging to the same `XfbBuffer` must specify the same `Stream` value

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-XfbBuffer-04696
  For any two variables or block members in the output interface of the entry point being compiled with the same `XfbBuffer` value, the ranges determined by the `Offset` decoration and the size of the type must not overlap

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-XfbBuffer-04697
  All block members in the output interface of the entry point being compiled that are in the same block and have a declared or inherited `XfbBuffer` decoration must specify the same `XfbBuffer` value

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-RayPayloadKHR-04698
  `RayPayloadKHR` storage class must only be used in ray generation, closest hit or miss shaders

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-IncomingRayPayloadKHR-04699
  `IncomingRayPayloadKHR` storage class must only be used in closest hit, any-hit, or miss shaders

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-IncomingRayPayloadKHR-04700
  There must be at most one variable with the `IncomingRayPayloadKHR` storage class in the input interface of an entry point

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-HitAttributeKHR-04701
  `HitAttributeKHR` storage class must only be used in intersection, any-hit, or closest hit shaders

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-HitAttributeKHR-04702
  There must be at most one variable with the `HitAttributeKHR` storage class in the input interface of an entry point

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-HitAttributeKHR-04703
  A variable with `HitAttributeKHR` storage class must only be written to in an intersection shader

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-CallableDataKHR-04704
  `CallableDataKHR` storage class must only be used in ray generation, closest hit, miss, and callable shaders

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-IncomingCallableDataKHR-04705
  `IncomingCallableDataKHR` storage class must only be used in callable shaders

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-IncomingCallableDataKHR-04706
  There must be at most one variable with the `IncomingCallableDataKHR` storage class in the input interface of an entry point

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Base-04707
  The `Base` operand of `OpPtrAccessChain` must point to one of the following: Workgroup, if `VariablePointers` is enabled; StorageBuffer, if `VariablePointers` or `VariablePointersStorageBuffer` is enabled; PhysicalStorageBuffer, if the `PhysicalStorageBuffer64` addressing model is enabled

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04708
  If the `PhysicalStorageBuffer64` addressing model is enabled, all instructions that support memory access operands and that use a physical pointer must include the `Aligned` operand

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04709
  If the `PhysicalStorageBuffer64` addressing model is enabled, any access chain instruction that accesses into a `RowMajor` matrix must only be used as the `Pointer` operand to `OpLoad` or `OpStore`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04710
  If the `PhysicalStorageBuffer64` addressing model is enabled, `OpConvertUToPtr` and `OpConvertPtrToU` must use an integer type whose `Width` is 64

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeForwardPointer-04711
  `OpTypeForwardPointer` must have a storage class of `PhysicalStorageBuffer`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04745
  All variables with a storage class of PushConstant declared as an array must only be accessed by dynamically uniform indices

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpVariable-06673
  There must not be more than one `OpVariable` in the `PushConstant` storage class listed in the `Interface` for each `OpEntryPoint`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpEntryPoint-06674
  Each `OpEntryPoint` must not statically use more than one `OpVariable` in the `PushConstant` storage class

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Result-04780
  The `Result` `Type` operand of any `OpImageRead` or `OpImageSparseRead` instruction must be a vector of four components

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Base-04781
  The `Base` operand of any `OpBitCount`, `OpBitReverse`, `OpBitFieldInsert`, `OpBitFieldSExtract`, or `OpBitFieldUExtract` instruction must be a 32-bit integer scalar or a vector of 32-bit integers

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PushConstant-06675
  Any variable in the `PushConstant` or `StorageBuffer` storage class must be decorated as `Block`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Uniform-06676
  Any variable in the `Uniform` storage class must be decorated as `Block` or `BufferBlock`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-UniformConstant-06677
  Any variable in the `UniformConstant`, `StorageBuffer`, or `Uniform` storage class must be decorated with `DescriptorSet` and `Binding`

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-InputAttachmentIndex-06678
  Variables decorated with `InputAttachmentIndex` must be in the `UniformConstant` storage class

- VUID-StandaloneSpirv-DescriptorSet-06491
  If a variable is decorated by `DescriptorSet` or `Binding`, the storage class must correspond to an entry in Shader Resource and Storage Class Correspondence

#### Runtime SPIR-V Validation

The following rules must be validated at runtime. These rules depend on knowledge of the implementation and its capabilities and knowledge of runtime information, such as enabled features.

Valid Usage

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-vulkanMemoryModel-06265
  If `vulkanMemoryModel` is enabled and `vulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope` is not enabled, Device memory scope must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-vulkanMemoryModel-06266
  If `vulkanMemoryModel` is not enabled, QueueFamily memory scope must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-Location-06272
  The sum of `Location` and the number of locations the variable it decorates consumes must be less than or equal to the value for the matching `Execution` `Model` defined in Shader Input and Output Locations

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-Fragment-06427
  When blending is enabled and one of the dual source blend modes is in use, the maximum number of output attachments written to in the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model` must be less than or equal to `maxFragmentDualSrcAttachments`

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-Location-06428
  The maximum number of storage buffers, storage images, and output `Location` decorated color attachments written to in the `Fragment` `Execution` `Model` must be less than or equal to `maxFragmentCombinedOutputResources`

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-NonUniform-06274
  If an instruction loads from or stores to a resource (including atomics and image instructions) and the resource descriptor being accessed is not dynamically uniform, then the operand corresponding to that resource (e.g. the pointer or sampled image operand) must be decorated with `NonUniform`.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-None-06275
  shaderSubgroupExtendedTypes must be enabled for group operations to use 8-bit integer, 16-bit integer, 64-bit integer, 16-bit floating-point, and vectors of these types

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-subgroupBroadcastDynamicId-06276
  If `subgroupBroadcastDynamicId` is `VK_TRUE`, and the shader module version is 1.5 or higher, the “Index” for `OpGroupNonUniformQuadBroadcast` must be dynamically uniform within the derivative group. Otherwise, “Index” must be a constant.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-subgroupBroadcastDynamicId-06277
  If `subgroupBroadcastDynamicId` is `VK_TRUE`, and the shader module version is 1.5 or higher, the “Id” for `OpGroupNonUniformBroadcast` must be dynamically uniform within the subgroup. Otherwise, “Id” must be a constant.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-denormBehaviorIndependence-06289
  If `denormBehaviorIndependence` is `VK_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_INDEPENDENCE_32_BIT_ONLY`, then the entry point must use the same denormals execution mode for both 16-bit and 64-bit floating-point types.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-denormBehaviorIndependence-06290
  If `denormBehaviorIndependence` is `VK_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_INDEPENDENCE_NONE`, then the entry point must use the same denormals execution mode for all floating-point types.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-roundingModeIndependence-06291
  If `roundingModeIndependence` is `VK_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_INDEPENDENCE_32_BIT_ONLY`, then the entry point must use the same rounding execution mode for both 16-bit and 64-bit floating-point types.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-roundingModeIndependence-06292
  If `roundingModeIndependence` is `VK_SHADER_FLOAT_CONTROLS_INDEPENDENCE_NONE`, then the entry point must use the same rounding execution mode for all floating-point types.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat16-06293
  If `shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat16` is `VK_FALSE`, then `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` for 16-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat32-06294
  If `shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat32` is `VK_FALSE`, then `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` for 32-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat64-06295
  If `shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat64` is `VK_FALSE`, then `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` for 64-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderDenormPreserveFloat16-06296
  If `shaderDenormPreserveFloat16` is `VK_FALSE`, then `DenormPreserve` for 16-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderDenormPreserveFloat32-06297
  If `shaderDenormPreserveFloat32` is `VK_FALSE`, then `DenormPreserve` for 32-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderDenormPreserveFloat64-06298
  If `shaderDenormPreserveFloat64` is `VK_FALSE`, then `DenormPreserve` for 64-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat16-06299
  If `shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat16` is `VK_FALSE`, then `DenormFlushToZero` for 16-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat32-06300
  If `shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat32` is `VK_FALSE`, then `DenormFlushToZero` for 32-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat64-06301
  If `shaderDenormFlushToZeroFloat64` is `VK_FALSE`, then `DenormFlushToZero` for 64-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat16-06302
  If `shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat16` is `VK_FALSE`, then `RoundingModeRTE` for 16-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat32-06303
  If `shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat32` is `VK_FALSE`, then `RoundingModeRTE` for 32-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat64-06304
  If `shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat64` is `VK_FALSE`, then `RoundingModeRTE` for 64-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat16-06305
  If `shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat16` is `VK_FALSE`, then `RoundingModeRTZ` for 16-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat32-06306
  If `shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat32` is `VK_FALSE`, then `RoundingModeRTZ` for 32-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat64-06307
  If `shaderRoundingModeRTZFloat64` is `VK_FALSE`, then `RoundingModeRTZ` for 64-bit floating-point type must not be used.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-06314
  If the `PhysicalStorageBuffer64` addressing model is enabled any load or store through a physical pointer type must be aligned to a multiple of the size of the largest scalar type in the pointed-to type.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-06315
  If the `PhysicalStorageBuffer64` addressing model is enabled the pointer value of a memory access instruction must be at least as aligned as specified by the `Aligned` memory access operand.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-DescriptorSet-06323
  `DescriptorSet` and `Binding` decorations must obey the constraints on storage class, type, and descriptor type described in DescriptorSet and Binding Assignment

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-NonWritable-06340
  If fragmentStoresAndAtomics is not enabled, then all storage image, storage texel buffer, and storage buffer variables in the fragment stage must be decorated with the `NonWritable` decoration.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-NonWritable-06341
  If vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics is not enabled, then all storage image, storage texel buffer, and storage buffer variables in the vertex, tessellation, and geometry stages must be decorated with the `NonWritable` decoration.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-None-06342
  If subgroupQuadOperationsInAllStages is `VK_FALSE`, then quad subgroup operations must not be used except for in fragment and compute stages.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-None-06343
  Group operations with subgroup scope must not be used if the shader stage is not in subgroupSupportedStages.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-Offset-06344
  The first element of the `Offset` operand of `InterpolateAtOffset` must be greater than or equal to:

    fragwidth × `minInterpolationOffset`

    where fragwidth is the width of the current fragment in pixels.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-Offset-06345
  The first element of the `Offset` operand of `InterpolateAtOffset` must be less than or equal to:

    fragwidth × (`maxInterpolationOffset` + ULP ) - ULP

    where fragwidth is the width of the current fragment in pixels and ULP = 1 / 2`subPixelInterpolationOffsetBits`.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-Offset-06346
  The second element of the `Offset` operand of `InterpolateAtOffset` must be greater than or equal to:

    fragheight × `minInterpolationOffset`

    where fragheight is the height of the current fragment in pixels.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-Offset-06347
  The second element of the `Offset` operand of `InterpolateAtOffset` must be less than or equal to:

    fragheight × (`maxInterpolationOffset` + ULP ) - ULP

    where fragheight is the height of the current fragment in pixels and ULP = 1 / 2`subPixelInterpolationOffsetBits`.

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-x-06429
  The `x` size in `LocalSize` or `LocalSizeId` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[0]

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-y-06430
  The `y` size in `LocalSize` or `LocalSizeId` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[1]

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-z-06431
  The `z` size in `LocalSize` or `LocalSizeId` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupSize`[2]

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-x-06432
  The product of `x` size, `y` size, and `z` size in `LocalSize` or `LocalSizeId` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxComputeWorkGroupInvocations`

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-LocalSizeId-06434
  if execution mode `LocalSizeId` is used, `maintenance4` must be enabled

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-Workgroup-06530
  The sum of size in bytes for variables and padding in the `Workgroup` storage class in the `GLCompute` `Execution` `Model` must be less than or equal to `maxComputeSharedMemorySize`

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-shaderZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemory-06372
  If `shaderZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemory` is not enabled, any `OpVariable` with Workgroup as its Storage Class must not have an `Initializer` operand

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-OpImage-06376
  If an `OpImage*Gather` operation has an image operand of `Offset`, `ConstOffset`, or `ConstOffsets` the offset value must be greater than or equal to minTexelGatherOffset

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-OpImage-06377
  If an `OpImage*Gather` operation has an image operand of `Offset`, `ConstOffset`, or `ConstOffsets` the offset value must be less than or equal to maxTexelGatherOffset

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-OpImageSample-06435
  If an `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageFetch*` operation has an image operand of `ConstOffset` then the offset value must be greater than or equal to minTexelOffset

- VUID-RuntimeSpirv-OpImageSample-06436
  If an `OpImageSample*` or `OpImageFetch*` operation has an image operand of `ConstOffset` then the offset value must be less than or equal to maxTexelOffset

### Precision and Operation of SPIR-V Instructions

The following rules apply to half, single, and double-precision floating point instructions:

- Positive and negative infinities and positive and negative zeros are generated as dictated by IEEE 754, but subject to the precisions allowed in the following table.

- Dividing a non-zero by a zero results in the appropriately signed IEEE 754 infinity.

- Signaling NaNs are not required to be generated and exceptions are never raised. Signaling NaN may be converted to quiet NaNs values by any floating point instruction.

- By default, the implementation may perform optimizations on half, single, or double-precision floating-point instructions that ignore sign of a zero, or assume that arguments and results are not NaNs or infinities. If the entry point is declared with the `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` execution mode, then NaNs, infinities, and the sign of zero must not be ignored.

  - The following core SPIR-V instructions must respect the `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` execution mode: `OpPhi`, `OpSelect`, `OpReturnValue`, `OpVectorExtractDynamic`, `OpVectorInsertDynamic`, `OpVectorShuffle`, `OpCompositeConstruct`, `OpCompositeExtract`, `OpCompositeInsert`, `OpCopyObject`, `OpTranspose`, `OpFConvert`, `OpFNegate`, `OpFAdd`, `OpFSub`, `OpFMul`, `OpStore`. This execution mode must also be respected by `OpLoad` except for loads from the `Input` storage class in the fragment shader stage with the floating-point result type. Other SPIR-V instructions may also respect the `SignedZeroInfNanPreserve` execution mode.

- The following instructions must not flush denormalized values: `OpConstant`, `OpConstantComposite`, `OpSpecConstant`, `OpSpecConstantComposite`, `OpLoad`, `OpStore`, `OpBitcast`, `OpPhi`, `OpSelect`, `OpFunctionCall`, `OpReturnValue`, `OpVectorExtractDynamic`, `OpVectorInsertDynamic`, `OpVectorShuffle`, `OpCompositeConstruct`, `OpCompositeExtract`, `OpCompositeInsert`, `OpCopyMemory`, `OpCopyObject`.

- Denormalized values are supported.

  - By default, any half, single, or double-precision denormalized value input into a shader or potentially generated by any instruction (except those listed above) or any extended instructions for GLSL in a shader may be flushed to zero.

  - If the entry point is declared with the `DenormFlushToZero` execution mode then for the affected instuctions the denormalized result must be flushed to zero and the denormalized operands may be flushed to zero. Denormalized values obtained via unpacking an integer into a vector of values with smaller bit width and interpreting those values as floating-point numbers must be flushed to zero.

  - The following core SPIR-V instructions must respect the `DenormFlushToZero` execution mode: `OpSpecConstantOp` (with opcode `OpFConvert`), `OpFConvert`, `OpFNegate`, `OpFAdd`, `OpFSub`, `OpFMul`, `OpFDiv`, `OpFRem`, `OpFMod`, `OpVectorTimesScalar`, `OpMatrixTimesScalar`, `OpVectorTimesMatrix`, `OpMatrixTimesVector`, `OpMatrixTimesMatrix`, `OpOuterProduct`, `OpDot`; and the following extended instructions for GLSL: `Round`, `RoundEven`, `Trunc`, `FAbs`, `Floor`, `Ceil`, `Fract`, `Radians`, `Degrees`, `Sin`, `Cos`, `Tan`, `Asin`, `Acos`, `Atan`, `Sinh`, `Cosh`, `Tanh`, `Asinh`, `Acosh`, `Atanh`, `Atan2`, `Pow`, `Exp`, `Log`, `Exp2`, `Log2`, `Sqrt`, `InverseSqrt`, `Determinant`, `MatrixInverse`, `Modf`, `ModfStruct`, `FMin`, `FMax`, `FClamp`, `FMix`, `Step`, `SmoothStep`, `Fma`, `UnpackHalf2x16`, `UnpackDouble2x32`, `Length`, `Distance`, `Cross`, `Normalize`, `FaceForward`, `Reflect`, `Refract`, `NMin`, `NMax`, `NClamp`. Other SPIR-V instructions (except those excluded above) may also flush denormalized values.

  - The following core SPIR-V instructions must respect the `DenormPreserve` execution mode: `OpTranspose`, `OpSpecConstantOp`, `OpFConvert`, `OpFNegate`, `OpFAdd`, `OpFSub`, `OpFMul`, `OpVectorTimesScalar`, `OpMatrixTimesScalar`, `OpVectorTimesMatrix`, `OpMatrixTimesVector`, `OpMatrixTimesMatrix`, `OpOuterProduct`, `OpDot`, `OpFOrdEqual`, `OpFUnordEqual`, `OpFOrdNotEqual`, `OpFUnordNotEqual`, `OpFOrdLessThan`, `OpFUnordLessThan`, `OpFOrdGreaterThan`, `OpFUnordGreaterThan`, `OpFOrdLessThanEqual`, `OpFUnordLessThanEqual`, `OpFOrdGreaterThanEqual`, `OpFUnordGreaterThanEqual`; and the following extended instructions for GLSL: `FAbs`, `FSign`, `Radians`, `Degrees`, `FMin`, `FMax`, `FClamp`, `FMix`, `Fma`, `PackHalf2x16`, `PackDouble2x32`, `UnpackHalf2x16`, `UnpackDouble2x32`, `NMin`, `NMax`, `NClamp`. Other SPIR-V instructions may also preserve denorm values.

The precision of double-precision instructions is at least that of single precision.

The precision of operations is defined either in terms of rounding, as an error bound in ULP, or as inherited from a formula as follows.

Correctly Rounded

Operations described as “correctly rounded” will return the infinitely precise result, x, rounded so as to be representable in floating-point. The rounding mode is not specified, unless the entry point is declared with the `RoundingModeRTE` or the `RoundingModeRTZ` execution mode. These execution modes affect only correctly rounded SPIR-V instructions. These execution modes do not affect `OpQuantizeToF16`. If the rounding mode is not specified then this rounding is implementation specific, subject to the following rules. If x is exactly representable then x will be returned. Otherwise, either the floating-point value closest to and no less than x or the value closest to and no greater than x will be returned.

ULP

Where an error bound of n ULP (units in the last place) is given, for an operation with infinitely precise result x the value returned must be in the range [x - n × ulp(x), x + n × ulp(x)]. The function ulp(x) is defined as follows:

  If there exist non-equal floating-point numbers a and b such that a ≤ x ≤ b then ulp(x) is the minimum possible distance between such numbers, u l p(x)=m i n a,b​∣b−a∣. If such numbers do not exist then ulp(x) is defined to be the difference between the two finite floating-point numbers nearest to x.

Where the range of allowed return values includes any value of magnitude larger than that of the largest representable finite floating-point number, operations may, additionally, return either an infinity of the appropriate sign or the finite number with the largest magnitude of the appropriate sign. If the infinitely precise result of the operation is not mathematically defined then the value returned is undefined.

Inherited From …​

Where an operation’s precision is described as being inherited from a formula, the result returned must be at least as accurate as the result of computing an approximation to x using a formula equivalent to the given formula applied to the supplied inputs. Specifically, the formula given may be transformed using the mathematical associativity, commutativity and distributivity of the operators involved to yield an equivalent formula. The SPIR-V precision rules, when applied to each such formula and the given input values, define a range of permitted values. If NaN is one of the permitted values then the operation may return any result, otherwise let the largest permitted value in any of the ranges be Fmax and the smallest be Fmin. The operation must return a value in the range [x - E, x + E] where E=m a x(∣x−F m i n​∣,∣x−F m a x​∣). If the entry point is declared with the `DenormFlushToZero` execution mode, then any intermediate denormal value(s) while evaluating the formula may be flushed to zero. Denormal final results must be flushed to zero. If the entry point is declared with the `DenormPreserve` execution mode, then denormals must be preserved throughout the formula.

For half- (16 bit) and single- (32 bit) precision instructions, precisions are required to be at least as follows:

Table 62. Precision of core SPIR-V Instructions
Instruction | Single precision, unless decorated with RelaxedPrecision | Half precision
--- | --- | ---
`OpFAdd` | Correctly rounded.
`OpFSub` | Correctly rounded.
`OpFMul`, `OpVectorTimesScalar`, `OpMatrixTimesScalar` | Correctly rounded.
`OpDot`(x, y) | Inherited from ∑i=0 n−1​x i​×y i​.
`OpFOrdEqual`, `OpFUnordEqual` | Correct result.
`OpFOrdLessThan`, `OpFUnordLessThan` | Correct result.
`OpFOrdGreaterThan`, `OpFUnordGreaterThan` | Correct result.
`OpFOrdLessThanEqual`, `OpFUnordLessThanEqual` | Correct result.
`OpFOrdGreaterThanEqual`, `OpFUnordGreaterThanEqual` | Correct result.
`OpFDiv`(x,y) | 2.5 ULP for |y| in the range [2-126, 2126]. | 2.5 ULP for |y| in the range [2-14, 214].
`OpFRem`(x,y) | Inherited from x - y × trunc(x/y).
`OpFMod`(x,y) | Inherited from x - y × floor(x/y).
conversions between types | Correctly rounded.

| Note The `OpFRem` and `OpFMod` instructions use cheap approximations of remainder, and the error can be large due to the discontinuity in trunc() and floor(). This can produce mathematically unexpected results in some cases, such as FMod(x,x) computing x rather than 0, and can also cause the result to have a different sign than the infinitely precise result.

Table 63. Precision of GLSL.std.450 Instructions
Instruction | Single precision, unless decorated with RelaxedPrecision | Half precision
--- | --- | ---
`fma`() | Inherited from `OpFMul` followed by `OpFAdd`.
`exp`(x), `exp2`(x) | 3+2×∣x∣ ULP. | 1+2×∣x∣ ULP.
`log`(), `log2`() | 3 ULP outside the range [0.5,2.0]. Absolute error < 2−2 1 inside the range [0.5,2.0]. | 3 ULP outside the range [0.5,2.0]. Absolute error < 2−7 inside the range [0.5,2.0].
`pow`(x, y) | Inherited from `exp2`(y × `log2`(x)).
`sqrt`() | Inherited from 1.0 / `inversesqrt`().
`inversesqrt`() | 2 ULP.
`radians`(x) | Inherited from x×1 8 0 π​.
`degrees`(x) | Inherited from x×π 1 8 0​.
`sin`() | Absolute error ≤2−1 1 inside the range [−π,π]. | Absolute error ≤2−7 inside the range [−π,π].
`cos`() | Absolute error ≤2−1 1 inside the range [−π,π]. | Absolute error ≤2−7 inside the range [−π,π].
`tan`() | Inherited from c o s()s i n()​.
`asin`(x) | Inherited from a t a n 2(x,s q r t(1.0−x×x)).
`acos`(x) | Inherited from a t a n 2(s q r t(1.0−x×x),x).
`atan`(), `atan2`() | 4096 ULP | 5 ULP.
`sinh`(x) | Inherited from (exp(x)−exp(−x))×0.5.
`cosh`(x) | Inherited from (exp(x)+exp(−x))×0.5.
`tanh`() | Inherited from c o s h()s i n h()​.
`asinh`(x) | Inherited from log(x+s q r t(x×x+1.0)).
`acosh`(x) | Inherited from log(x+s q r t(x×x−1.0)).
`atanh`(x) | Inherited from log(1.0−x 1.0+x​)×0.5.
`frexp`() | Correctly rounded.
`ldexp`() | Correctly rounded.
`length`(x) | Inherited from s q r t(d o t(x,x)).
`distance`(x, y) | Inherited from l e n g t h(x−y).
`cross`() | Inherited from `OpFSub`(`OpFMul`, `OpFMul`).
`normalize`(x) | Inherited from l e n g t h(x)x​.
`faceforward`(N, I, NRef) | Inherited from `dot`(NRef, I) < 0.0 ? N : -N.
`reflect`(x, y) | Inherited from x - 2.0 × `dot`(y, x) × y.
`refract`(I, N, eta) | Inherited from k < 0.0 ? 0.0 : eta × I - (eta × `dot`(N, I) + `sqrt`(k)) × N, where k = 1 - eta × eta × (1.0 - `dot`(N, I) × `dot`(N, I)).
`round` | Correctly rounded.
`roundEven` | Correctly rounded.
`trunc` | Correctly rounded.
`fabs` | Correctly rounded.
`fsign` | Correctly rounded.
`floor` | Correctly rounded.
`ceil` | Correctly rounded.
`fract` | Correctly rounded.
`modf` | Correctly rounded.
`fmin` | Correctly rounded.
`fmax` | Correctly rounded.
`fclamp` | Correctly rounded.
`fmix`(x, y, a) | Inherited from x×(1.0−a)+y×a.
`step` | Correctly rounded.
`smoothStep`(edge0, edge1, x) | Inherited from t×t×(3.0−2.0×t), where t=c l a m p(e d g e 1−e d g e 0 x−e d g e 0​,0.0,1.0).
`nmin` | Correctly rounded.
`nmax` | Correctly rounded.
`nclamp` | Correctly rounded.

GLSL.std.450 extended instructions specifically defined in terms of the above instructions inherit the above errors. GLSL.std.450 extended instructions not listed above and not defined in terms of the above have undefined precision.

For the `OpSRem` and `OpSMod` instructions, if either operand is negative the result is undefined.

| Note While the `OpSRem` and `OpSMod` instructions are supported by the Vulkan environment, they require non-negative values and thus do not enable additional functionality beyond what `OpUMod` provides.

### Signedness of SPIR-V Image Accesses

SPIR-V associates a signedness with all integer image accesses. This is required in certain parts of the SPIR-V and the Vulkan image access pipeline to ensure defined results. The signedness is determined from a combination of the access instruction’s `Image` `Operands` and the underlying image’s `Sampled` `Type` as follows:

1. If the instruction’s `Image` `Operands` contains the `SignExtend` operand then the access is signed.

2. If the instruction’s `Image` `Operands` contains the `ZeroExtend` operand then the access is unsigned.

3. Otherwise, the image accesses signedness matches that of the `Sampled` `Type` of the `OpTypeImage` being accessed.

### Image Format and Type Matching

When specifying the `Image` `Format` of an `OpTypeImage`, the converted bit width and type, as shown in the table below, must match the `Sampled` `Type`. The signedness must match the signedness of any access to the image.

| Note Formatted accesses are always converted from a shader readable type to the resource’s format or vice versa via Format Conversion for reads and Texel Output Format Conversion for writes. As such, the bit width and format below do not necessarily match 1:1 with what might be expected for some formats.

For a given `Image` `Format`, the `Sampled` `Type` must be the type described in the Type column of the below table, with its `Literal` `Width` set to that in the Bit Width column. Every access that is made to the image must have a signedness equal to that in the Signedness column (where applicable).

Image Format | Type | Bit Width | Signedness
--- | --- | --- | ---
`Unknown` | Any | Any | Any
`Rgba32f` | `OpTypeFloat` | 32 | N/A
`Rg32f`
`R32f`
`Rgba16f`
`Rg16f`
`R16f`
`Rgba16`
`Rg16`
`R16`
`Rgba16Snorm`
`Rg16Snorm`
`R16Snorm`
`Rgb10A2`
`R11fG11fB10f`
`Rgba8`
`Rg8`
`R8`
`Rgba8Snorm`
`Rg8Snorm`
`R8Snorm`
`Rgba32i` | `OpTypeInt` | 32 | 1
`Rg32i`
`R32i`
`Rgba16i`
`Rg16i`
`R16i`
`Rgba8i`
`Rg8i`
`R8i`
`Rgba32ui` | 0
`Rg32ui`
`R32ui`
`Rgba16ui`
`Rg16ui`
`R16ui`
`Rgb10a2ui`
`Rgba8ui`
`Rg8ui`
`R8ui`
`R64i` | `OpTypeInt` | 64 | 1
`R64ui` | 0

### Compatibility Between SPIR-V Image Formats And Vulkan Formats

SPIR-V `Image` `Format` values are compatible with VkFormat values as defined below:

Table 64. SPIR-V and Vulkan Image Format Compatibility
SPIR-V Image Format | Compatible Vulkan Format
--- | ---
`Unknown` | Any
`Rgba32f` | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT`
`Rgba16f` | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT`
`R32f` | `VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT`
`Rgba8` | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM`
`Rgba8Snorm` | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM`
`Rg32f` | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT`
`Rg16f` | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT`
`R11fG11fB10f` | `VK_FORMAT_B10G11R11_UFLOAT_PACK32`
`R16f` | `VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT`
`Rgba16` | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM`
`Rgb10A2` | `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32`
`Rg16` | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM`
`Rg8` | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM`
`R16` | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM`
`R8` | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM`
`Rgba16Snorm` | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM`
`Rg16Snorm` | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM`
`Rg8Snorm` | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM`
`R16Snorm` | `VK_FORMAT_R16_SNORM`
`R8Snorm` | `VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM`
`Rgba32i` | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT`
`Rgba16i` | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT`
`Rgba8i` | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT`
`R32i` | `VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT`
`Rg32i` | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT`
`Rg16i` | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT`
`Rg8i` | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT`
`R16i` | `VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT`
`R8i` | `VK_FORMAT_R8_SINT`
`Rgba32ui` | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT`
`Rgba16ui` | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT`
`Rgba8ui` | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT`
`R32ui` | `VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT`
`Rgb10a2ui` | `VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UINT_PACK32`
`Rg32ui` | `VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT`
`Rg16ui` | `VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT`
`Rg8ui` | `VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT`
`R16ui` | `VK_FORMAT_R16_UINT`
`R8ui` | `VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT`
`R64i` | `VK_FORMAT_R64_SINT`
`R64ui` | `VK_FORMAT_R64_UINT`

## Appendix B: Memory Model

### Agent

Operation is a general term for any task that is executed on the system.

| Note An operation is by definition something that is executed. Thus if an instruction is skipped due to control flow, it does not constitute an operation.

Each operation is executed by a particular agent. Possible agents include each shader invocation, each host thread, and each fixed-function stage of the pipeline.

### Memory Location

A memory location identifies unique storage for 8 bits of data. Memory operations access a set of memory locations consisting of one or more memory locations at a time, e.g. an operation accessing a 32-bit integer in memory would read/write a set of four memory locations. Memory operations that access whole aggregates may access any padding bytes between elements or members, but no padding bytes at the end of the aggregate. Two sets of memory locations overlap if the intersection of their sets of memory locations is non-empty. A memory operation must not affect memory at a memory location not within its set of memory locations.

Memory locations for buffers and images are explicitly allocated in VkDeviceMemory objects, and are implicitly allocated for SPIR-V variables in each shader invocation.

### Allocation

The values stored in newly allocated memory locations are determined by a SPIR-V variable’s initializer, if present, or else are undefined. At the time an allocation is created there have been no memory operations to any of its memory locations. The initialization is not considered to be a memory operation.

| Note For tessellation control shader output variables, a consequence of initialization not being considered a memory operation is that some implementations may need to insert a barrier between the initialization of the output variables and any reads of those variables.

### Memory Operation

For an operation A and memory location M:

- A reads M if and only if the data stored in M is an input to A.

- A writes M if and only if the data output from A is stored to M.

- A accesses M if and only if it either reads or writes (or both) M.

| Note A write whose value is the same as what was already in those memory locations is still considered to be a write and has all the same effects.

### Reference

A reference is an object that a particular agent can use to access a set of memory locations. On the host, a reference is a host virtual address. On the device, a reference is:

- The descriptor that a variable is bound to, for variables in Image, Uniform, or StorageBuffer storage classes. If the variable is an array (or array of arrays, etc.) then each element of the array may be a unique reference.

- The address range for a buffer in `PhysicalStorageBuffer` storage class, where the base of the address range is queried with vkGetBufferDeviceAddress and the length of the range is the size of the buffer.

- The variable itself for variables in other storage classes.

Two memory accesses through distinct references may require availability and visibility operations as defined below.

### Program-Order

A dynamic instance of an instruction is defined in SPIR-V (https://www.khronos.org/registry/spir-v/specs/unified1/SPIRV.html#DynamicInstance) as a way of referring to a particular execution of a static instruction. Program-order is an ordering on dynamic instances of instructions executed by a single shader invocation:

- (Basic block): If instructions A and B are in the same basic block, and A is listed in the module before B, then the n’th dynamic instance of A is program-ordered before the n’th dynamic instance of B.

- (Branch): The dynamic instance of a branch or switch instruction is program-ordered before the dynamic instance of the OpLabel instruction to which it transfers control.

- (Call entry): The dynamic instance of an `OpFunctionCall` instruction is program-ordered before the dynamic instances of the `OpFunctionParameter` instructions and the body of the called function.

- (Call exit): The dynamic instance of the instruction following an `OpFunctionCall` instruction is program-ordered after the dynamic instance of the return instruction executed by the called function.

- (Transitive Closure): If dynamic instance A of any instruction is program-ordered before dynamic instance B of any instruction and B is program-ordered before dynamic instance C of any instruction then A is program-ordered before C.

- (Complete definition): No other dynamic instances are program-ordered.

For instructions executed on the host, the source language defines the program-order relation (e.g. as “sequenced-before”).

### Scope

Atomic and barrier instructions include scopes which identify sets of shader invocations that must obey the requested ordering and atomicity rules of the operation, as defined below.

The various scopes are described in detail in the Shaders chapter.

### Atomic Operation

An atomic operation on the device is any SPIR-V operation whose name begins with `OpAtomic`. An atomic operation on the host is any operation performed with an std::atomic typed object.

Each atomic operation has a memory scope and a semantics. Informally, the scope determines which other agents it is atomic with respect to, and the semantics constrains its ordering against other memory accesses. Device atomic operations have explicit scopes and semantics. Each host atomic operation implicitly uses the `CrossDevice` scope, and uses a memory semantics equivalent to a C++ std::memory_order value of relaxed, acquire, release, acq_rel, or seq_cst.

Two atomic operations A and B are potentially-mutually-ordered if and only if all of the following are true:

- They access the same set of memory locations.

- They use the same reference.

- A is in the instance of B’s memory scope.

- B is in the instance of A’s memory scope.

- A and B are not the same operation (irreflexive).

Two atomic operations A and B are mutually-ordered if and only if they are potentially-mutually-ordered and any of the following are true:

- A and B are both device operations.

- A and B are both host operations.

- A is a device operation, B is a host operation, and the implementation supports concurrent host- and device-atomics.

| Note If two atomic operations are not mutually-ordered, and if their sets of memory locations overlap, then each must be synchronized against the other as if they were non-atomic operations.

### Scoped Modification Order

For a given atomic write A, all atomic writes that are mutually-ordered with A occur in an order known as A’s scoped modification order. A’s scoped modification order relates no other operations.

| Note Invocations outside the instance of A’s memory scope may observe the values at A’s set of memory locations becoming visible to it in an order that disagrees with the scoped modification order.

| Note It is valid to have non-atomic operations or atomics in a different scope instance to the same set of memory locations, as long as they are synchronized against each other as if they were non-atomic (if they are not, it is treated as a data race). That means this definition of A’s scoped modification order could include atomic operations that occur much later, after intervening non-atomics. That is a bit non-intuitive, but it helps to keep this definition simple and non-circular.

### Memory Semantics

Non-atomic memory operations, by default, may be observed by one agent in a different order than they were written by another agent.

Atomics and some synchronization operations include memory semantics, which are flags that constrain the order in which other memory accesses (including non-atomic memory accesses and availability and visibility operations) performed by the same agent can be observed by other agents, or can observe accesses by other agents.

Device instructions that include semantics are `OpAtomic*`, `OpControlBarrier`, `OpMemoryBarrier`, and `OpMemoryNamedBarrier`. Host instructions that include semantics are some std::atomic methods and memory fences.

SPIR-V supports the following memory semantics:

- Relaxed: No constraints on order of other memory accesses.

- Acquire: A memory read with this semantic performs an acquire operation. A memory barrier with this semantic is an acquire barrier.

- Release: A memory write with this semantic performs a release operation. A memory barrier with this semantic is a release barrier.

- AcquireRelease: A memory read-modify-write operation with this semantic performs both an acquire operation and a release operation, and inherits the limitations on ordering from both of those operations. A memory barrier with this semantic is both a release and acquire barrier.

| Note SPIR-V does not support “consume” semantics on the device.

The memory semantics operand also includes storage class semantics which indicate which storage classes are constrained by the synchronization. SPIR-V storage class semantics include:

- UniformMemory

- WorkgroupMemory

- ImageMemory

- OutputMemory

Each SPIR-V memory operation accesses a single storage class. Semantics in synchronization operations can include a combination of storage classes.

The UniformMemory storage class semantic applies to accesses to memory in the PhysicalStorageBuffer, Uniform and StorageBuffer storage classes. The WorkgroupMemory storage class semantic applies to accesses to memory in the Workgroup storage class. The ImageMemory storage class semantic applies to accesses to memory in the Image storage class. The OutputMemory storage class semantic applies to accesses to memory in the Output storage class.

| Note Informally, these constraints limit how memory operations can be reordered, and these limits apply not only to the order of accesses as performed in the agent that executes the instruction, but also to the order the effects of writes become visible to all other agents within the same instance of the instruction’s memory scope.

| Note Release and acquire operations in different threads can act as synchronization operations, to guarantee that writes that happened before the release are visible after the acquire. (This is not a formal definition, just an Informative forward reference.)

| Note The OutputMemory storage class semantic is only useful in tessellation control shaders, which is the only execution model where output variables are shared between invocations.

The memory semantics operand can also include availability and visibility flags, which apply availability and visibility operations as described in availability and visibility. The availability/visibility flags are:

- MakeAvailable: Semantics must be Release or AcquireRelease. Performs an availability operation before the release operation or barrier.

- MakeVisible: Semantics must be Acquire or AcquireRelease. Performs a visibility operation after the acquire operation or barrier.

The specifics of these operations are defined in Availability and Visibility Semantics.

Host atomic operations may support a different list of memory semantics and synchronization operations, depending on the host architecture and source language.

### Release Sequence

After an atomic operation A performs a release operation on a set of memory locations M, the release sequence headed by A is the longest continuous subsequence of A’s scoped modification order that consists of:

- the atomic operation A as its first element

- atomic read-modify-write operations on M by any agent

| Note The atomics in the last bullet must be mutually-ordered with A by virtue of being in A’s scoped modification order.

| Note This intentionally omits “atomic writes to M performed by the same agent that performed A”, which is present in the corresponding C++ definition.

### Synchronizes-With

Synchronizes-with is a relation between operations, where each operation is either an atomic operation or a memory barrier (aka fence on the host).

If A and B are atomic operations, then A synchronizes-with B if and only if all of the following are true:

- A performs a release operation

- B performs an acquire operation

- A and B are mutually-ordered

- B reads a value written by A or by an operation in the release sequence headed by A

`OpControlBarrier`, `OpMemoryBarrier`, and `OpMemoryNamedBarrier` are memory barrier instructions in SPIR-V.

If A is a release barrier and B is an atomic operation that performs an acquire operation, then A synchronizes-with B if and only if all of the following are true:

- there exists an atomic write X (with any memory semantics)

- A is program-ordered before X

- X and B are mutually-ordered

- B reads a value written by X or by an operation in the release sequence headed by X

  - If X is relaxed, it is still considered to head a hypothetical release sequence for this rule

- A and B are in the instance of each other’s memory scopes

- X’s storage class is in A’s semantics.

If A is an atomic operation that performs a release operation and B is an acquire barrier, then A synchronizes-with B if and only if all of the following are true:

- there exists an atomic read X (with any memory semantics)

- X is program-ordered before B

- X and A are mutually-ordered

- X reads a value written by A or by an operation in the release sequence headed by A

- A and B are in the instance of each other’s memory scopes

- X’s storage class is in B’s semantics.

If A is a release barrier and B is an acquire barrier, then A synchronizes-with B if all of the following are true:

- there exists an atomic write X (with any memory semantics)

- A is program-ordered before X

- there exists an atomic read Y (with any memory semantics)

- Y is program-ordered before B

- X and Y are mutually-ordered

- Y reads the value written by X or by an operation in the release sequence headed by X

  - If X is relaxed, it is still considered to head a hypothetical release sequence for this rule

- A and B are in the instance of each other’s memory scopes

- X’s and Y’s storage class is in A’s and B’s semantics.

  - NOTE: X and Y must have the same storage class, because they are mutually ordered.

If A is a release barrier, B is an acquire barrier, and C is a control barrier (where A can equal C, and B can equal C), then A synchronizes-with B if all of the following are true:

- A is program-ordered before (or equals) C

- C is program-ordered before (or equals) B

- A and B are in the instance of each other’s memory scopes

- A and B are in the instance of C’s execution scope

| Note This is similar to the barrier-barrier synchronization above, but with a control barrier filling the role of the relaxed atomics.

No other release and acquire barriers synchronize-with each other.

### System-Synchronizes-With

System-synchronizes-with is a relation between arbitrary operations on the device or host. Certain operations system-synchronize-with each other, which informally means the first operation occurs before the second and that the synchronization is performed without using application-visible memory accesses.

If there is an execution dependency between two operations A and B, then the operation in the first synchronization scope system-synchronizes-with the operation in the second synchronization scope.

| Note This covers all Vulkan synchronization primitives, including device operations executing before a synchronization primitive is signaled, wait operations happening before subsequent device operations, signal operations happening before host operations that wait on them, and host operations happening before vkQueueSubmit. The list is spread throughout the synchronization chapter, and is not repeated here.

System-synchronizes-with implicitly includes all storage class semantics and has `CrossDevice` scope.

If A system-synchronizes-with B, we also say A is system-synchronized-before B and B is system-synchronized-after A.

### Private vs. Non-Private

By default, non-atomic memory operations are treated as private, meaning such a memory operation is not intended to be used for communication with other agents. Memory operations with the NonPrivatePointer/NonPrivateTexel bit set are treated as non-private, and are intended to be used for communication with other agents.

More precisely, for private memory operations to be Location-Ordered between distinct agents requires using system-synchronizes-with rather than shader-based synchronization. Non-private memory operations still obey program-order.

Atomic operations are always considered non-private.

### Inter-Thread-Happens-Before

Let SC be a non-empty set of storage class semantics. Then (using template syntax) operation A inter-thread-happens-before<SC> operation B if and only if any of the following is true:

- A system-synchronizes-with B

- A synchronizes-with B, and both A and B have all of SC in their semantics

- A is an operation on memory in a storage class in SC or that has all of SC in its semantics, B is a release barrier or release atomic with all of SC in its semantics, and A is program-ordered before B

- A is an acquire barrier or acquire atomic with all of SC in its semantics, B is an operation on memory in a storage class in SC or that has all of SC in its semantics, and A is program-ordered before B

- A and B are both host operations and A inter-thread-happens-before B as defined in the host language specification

- A inter-thread-happens-before<SC> some X and X inter-thread-happens-before<SC> B

### Happens-Before

Operation A happens-before operation B if and only if any of the following is true:

- A is program-ordered before B

- A inter-thread-happens-before<SC> B for some set of storage classes SC

Happens-after is defined similarly.

| Note Unlike C++, happens-before is not always sufficient for a write to be visible to a read. Additional availability and visibility operations may be required for writes to be visible-to other memory accesses.

| Note Happens-before is not transitive, but each of program-order and inter-thread-happens-before<SC> are transitive. These can be thought of as covering the “single-threaded” case and the “multi-threaded” case, and it is not necessary (and not valid) to form chains between the two.

### Availability and Visibility

Availability and visibility are states of a write operation, which (informally) track how far the write has permeated the system, i.e. which agents and references are able to observe the write. Availability state is per memory domain. Visibility state is per (agent,reference) pair. Availability and visibility states are per-memory location for each write.

Memory domains are named according to the agents whose memory accesses use the domain. Domains used by shader invocations are organized hierarchically into multiple smaller memory domains which correspond to the different scopes. Each memory domain is considered the dual of a scope, and vice versa. The memory domains defined in Vulkan include:

- host - accessible by host agents

- device - accessible by all device agents for a particular device

- shader - accessible by shader agents for a particular device, corresponding to the `Device` scope

- queue family instance - accessible by shader agents in a single queue family, corresponding to the `QueueFamily` scope.

- workgroup instance - accessible by shader agents in the same workgroup, corresponding to the `Workgroup` scope.

- subgroup instance - accessible by shader agents in the same subgroup, corresponding to the `Subgroup` scope.

The memory domains are nested in the order listed above, with memory domains later in the list nested in the domains earlier in the list.

| Note Memory domains do not correspond to storage classes or device-local and host-local VkDeviceMemory allocations, rather they indicate whether a write can be made visible only to agents in the same subgroup, same workgroup, in any shader invocation, or anywhere on the device, or host. The shader, queue family instance, workgroup instance, and subgroup instance domains are only used for shader-based availability/visibility operatons, in other cases writes can be made available from/visible to the shader via the device domain.

Availability operations, visibility operations, and memory domain operations alter the state of the write operations that happen-before them, and which are included in their source scope to be available or visible to their destination scope.

- For an availability operation, the source scope is a set of (agent,reference,memory location) tuples, and the destination scope is a set of memory domains.

- For a memory domain operation, the source scope is a memory domain and the destination scope is a memory domain.

- For a visibility operation, the source scope is a set of memory domains and the destination scope is a set of (agent,reference,memory location) tuples.

How the scopes are determined depends on the specific operation. Availability and memory domain operations expand the set of memory domains to which the write is available. Visibility operations expand the set of (agent,reference,memory location) tuples to which the write is visible.

Recall that availability and visibility states are per-memory location, and let W be a write operation to one or more locations performed by agent A via reference R. Let L be one of the locations written. (W,L) (the write W to L), is initially not available to any memory domain and only visible to (A,R,L). An availability operation AV that happens-after W and that includes (A,R,L) in its source scope makes (W,L) available to the memory domains in its destination scope.

A memory domain operation DOM that happens-after AV and for which (W,L) is available in the source scope makes (W,L) available in the destination memory domain.

A visibility operation VIS that happens-after AV (or DOM) and for which (W,L) is available in any domain in the source scope makes (W,L) visible to all (agent,reference,L) tuples included in its destination scope.

If write W2 happens-after W, and their sets of memory locations overlap, then W will not be available/visible to all agents/references for those memory locations that overlap (and future AV/DOM/VIS ops cannot revive W’s write to those locations).

Availability, memory domain, and visibility operations are treated like other non-atomic memory accesses for the purpose of memory semantics, meaning they can be ordered by release-acquire sequences or memory barriers.

An availability chain is a sequence of availability operations to increasingly broad memory domains, where element N+1 of the chain is performed in the dual scope instance of the destination memory domain of element N and element N happens-before element N+1. An example is an availability operation with destination scope of the workgroup instance domain that happens-before an availability operation to the shader domain performed by an invocation in the same workgroup. An availability chain AVC that happens-after W and that includes (A,R,L) in the source scope makes (W,L) available to the memory domains in its final destination scope. An availability chain with a single element is just the availability operation.

Similarly, a visibility chain is a sequence of visibility operations from increasingly narrow memory domains, where element N of the chain is performed in the dual scope instance of the source memory domain of element N+1 and element N happens-before element N+1. An example is a visibility operation with source scope of the shader domain that happens-before a visibility operation with source scope of the workgroup instance domain performed by an invocation in the same workgroup. A visibility chain VISC that happens-after AVC (or DOM) and for which (W,L) is available in any domain in the source scope makes (W,L) visible to all (agent,reference,L) tuples included in its final destination scope. A visibility chain with a single element is just the visibility operation.

### Availability, Visibility, and Domain Operations

The following operations generate availability, visibility, and domain operations. When multiple availability/visibility/domain operations are described, they are system-synchronized-with each other in the order listed.

An operation that performs a memory dependency generates:

- If the source access mask includes `VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT`, then the dependency includes a memory domain operation from host domain to device domain.

- An availability operation with source scope of all writes in the first access scope of the dependency and a destination scope of the device domain.

- A visibility operation with source scope of the device domain and destination scope of the second access scope of the dependency.

- If the destination access mask includes `VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT` or `VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT`, then the dependency includes a memory domain operation from device domain to host domain.

vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges performs an availability operation, with a source scope of (agents,references) = (all host threads, all mapped memory ranges passed to the command), and destination scope of the host domain.

vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges performs a visibility operation, with a source scope of the host domain and a destination scope of (agents,references) = (all host threads, all mapped memory ranges passed to the command).

vkQueueSubmit performs a memory domain operation from host to device, and a visibility operation with source scope of the device domain and destination scope of all agents and references on the device.

### Availability and Visibility Semantics

A memory barrier or atomic operation via agent A that includes MakeAvailable in its semantics performs an availability operation whose source scope includes agent A and all references in the storage classes in that instruction’s storage class semantics, and all memory locations, and whose destination scope is a set of memory domains selected as specified below. The implicit availability operation is program-ordered between the barrier or atomic and all other operations program-ordered before the barrier or atomic.

A memory barrier or atomic operation via agent A that includes MakeVisible in its semantics performs a visibility operation whose source scope is a set of memory domains selected as specified below, and whose destination scope includes agent A and all references in the storage classes in that instruction’s storage class semantics, and all memory locations. The implicit visibility operation is program-ordered between the barrier or atomic and all other operations program-ordered after the barrier or atomic.

The memory domains are selected based on the memory scope of the instruction as follows:

- `Device` scope uses the shader domain

- `QueueFamily` scope uses the queue family instance domain

- `Workgroup` scope uses the workgroup instance domain

- `Subgroup` uses the subgroup instance domain

- `Invocation` perform no availability/visibility operations.

When an availability operation performed by an agent A includes a memory domain D in its destination scope, where D corresponds to scope instance S, it also includes the memory domains that correspond to each smaller scope instance S' that is a subset of S and that includes A. Similarly for visibility operations.

### Per-Instruction Availability and Visibility Semantics

A memory write instruction that includes MakePointerAvailable, or an image write instruction that includes MakeTexelAvailable, performs an availability operation whose source scope includes the agent and reference used to perform the write and the memory locations written by the instruction, and whose destination scope is a set of memory domains selected by the Scope operand specified in Availability and Visibility Semantics. The implicit availability operation is program-ordered between the write and all other operations program-ordered after the write.

A memory read instruction that includes MakePointerVisible, or an image read instruction that includes MakeTexelVisible, performs a visibility operation whose source scope is a set of memory domains selected by the Scope operand as specified in Availability and Visibility Semantics, and whose destination scope includes the agent and reference used to perform the read and the memory locations read by the instruction. The implicit visibility operation is program-ordered between read and all other operations program-ordered before the read.

| Note Although reads with per-instruction visibility only perform visibility ops from the shader or workgroup instance or subgroup instance domain, they will also see writes that were made visible via the device domain, i.e. those writes previously performed by non-shader agents and made visible via API commands.

| Note It is expected that all invocations in a subgroup execute on the same processor with the same path to memory, and thus availability and visibility operations with subgroup scope can be expected to be “free”.

### Location-Ordered

Let X and Y be memory accesses to overlapping sets of memory locations M, where X != Y. Let (AX,RX) be the agent and reference used for X, and (AY,RY) be the agent and reference used for Y. For now, let “→” denote happens-before and “→rcpo” denote the reflexive closure of program-ordered before.

If D1 and D2 are different memory domains, then let DOM(D1,D2) be a memory domain operation from D1 to D2. Otherwise, let DOM(D,D) be a placeholder such that X→DOM(D,D)→Y if and only if X→Y.

X is location-ordered before Y for a location L in M if and only if any of the following is true:

- AX == AY and RX == RY and X→Y

  - NOTE: this case means no availability/visibility ops are required when it is the same (agent,reference).

- X is a read, both X and Y are non-private, and X→Y

- X is a read, and X (transitively) system-synchronizes with Y

- If RX == RY and AX and AY access a common memory domain D (e.g. are in the same workgroup instance if D is the workgroup instance domain), and both X and Y are non-private:

  - X is a write, Y is a write, AVC(AX,RX,D,L) is an availability chain making (X,L) available to domain D, and X→rcpoAVC(AX,RX,D,L)→Y

  - X is a write, Y is a read, AVC(AX,RX,D,L) is an availability chain making (X,L) available to domain D, VISC(AY,RY,D,L) is a visibility chain making writes to L available in domain D visible to Y, and X→rcpoAVC(AX,RX,D,L)→VISC(AY,RY,D,L)→rcpoY

  - If VkPhysicalDeviceVulkanMemoryModelFeatures::`vulkanMemoryModelAvailabilityVisibilityChains` is `VK_FALSE`, then AVC and VISC must each only have a single element in the chain, in each sub-bullet above.

- Let DX and DY each be either the device domain or the host domain, depending on whether AX and AY execute on the device or host:

  - X is a write and Y is a write, and X→AV(AX,RX,DX,L)→DOM(DX,DY)→Y

  - X is a write and Y is a read, and X→AV(AX,RX,DX,L)→DOM(DX,DY)→VIS(AY,RY,DY,L)→Y

| Note The final bullet (synchronization through device/host domain) requires API-level synchronization operations, since the device/host domains are not accessible via shader instructions. And “device domain” is not to be confused with “device scope”, which synchronizes through the “shader domain”.

### Data Race

Let X and Y be operations that access overlapping sets of memory locations M, where X != Y, and at least one of X and Y is a write, and X and Y are not mutually-ordered atomic operations. If there does not exist a location-ordered relation between X and Y for each location in M, then there is a data race.

Applications must ensure that no data races occur during the execution of their application.

| Note Data races can only occur due to instructions that are actually executed. For example, an instruction skipped due to control flow must not contribute to a data race.

### Visible-To

Let X be a write and Y be a read whose sets of memory locations overlap, and let M be the set of memory locations that overlap. Let M2 be a non-empty subset of M. Then X is visible-to Y for memory locations M2 if and only if all of the following are true:

- X is location-ordered before Y for each location L in M2.

- There does not exist another write Z to any location L in M2 such that X is location-ordered before Z for location L and Z is location-ordered before Y for location L.

If X is visible-to Y, then Y reads the value written by X for locations M2.

| Note It is possible for there to be a write between X and Y that overwrites a subset of the memory locations, but the remaining memory locations (M2) will still be visible-to Y.

### Acyclicity

Reads-from is a relation between operations, where the first operation is a write, the second operation is a read, and the second operation reads the value written by the first operation. From-reads is a relation between operations, where the first operation is a read, the second operation is a write, and the first operation reads a value written earlier than the second operation in the second operation’s scoped modification order (or the first operation reads from the initial value, and the second operation is any write to the same locations).

Then the implementation must guarantee that no cycles exist in the union of the following relations:

- location-ordered

- scoped modification order (over all atomic writes)

- reads-from

- from-reads

| Note This is a “consistency” axiom, which informally guarantees that sequences of operations cannot violate causality.

#### Scoped Modification Order Coherence

Let A and B be mutually-ordered atomic operations, where A is location-ordered before B. Then the following rules are a consequence of acyclicity:

- If A and B are both reads and A does not read the initial value, then the write that A takes its value from must be earlier in its own scoped modification order than (or the same as) the write that B takes its value from (no cycles between location-order, reads-from, and from-reads).

- If A is a read and B is a write and A does not read the initial value, then A must take its value from a write earlier than B in B’s scoped modification order (no cycles between location-order, scope modification order, and reads-from).

- If A is a write and B is a read, then B must take its value from A or a write later than A in A’s scoped modification order (no cycles between location-order, scoped modification order, and from-reads).

- If A and B are both writes, then A must be earlier than B in A’s scoped modification order (no cycles between location-order and scoped modification order).

- If A is a write and B is a read-modify-write and B reads the value written by A, then B comes immediately after A in A’s scoped modification order (no cycles between scoped modification order and from-reads).

### Shader I/O

If a shader invocation A in a shader stage other than `Vertex` performs a memory read operation X from an object in storage class `Input`, then X is system-synchronized-after all writes to the corresponding `Output` storage variable(s) in the shader invocation(s) that contribute to generating invocation A, and those writes are all visible-to X.

| Note It is not necessary for the upstream shader invocations to have completed execution, they only need to have generated the output that is being read.

### Deallocation

A call to vkFreeMemory must happen-after all memory operations on all memory locations in that VkDeviceMemory object.

| Note Normally, device memory operations in a given queue are synchronized with vkFreeMemory by having a host thread wait on a fence signalled by that queue, and the wait happens-before the call to vkFreeMemory on the host.

The deallocation of SPIR-V variables is managed by the system and happens-after all operations on those variables.

### Descriptions (Informative)

This subsection offers more easily understandable consequences of the memory model for app/compiler developers.

Let SC be the storage class(es) specified by a release or acquire operation or barrier.

- An atomic write with release semantics must not be reordered against any read or write to SC that is program-ordered before it (regardless of the storage class the atomic is in).

- An atomic read with acquire semantics must not be reordered against any read or write to SC that is program-ordered after it (regardless of the storage class the atomic is in).

- Any write to SC program-ordered after a release barrier must not be reordered against any read or write to SC program-ordered before that barrier.

- Any read from SC program-ordered before an acquire barrier must not be reordered against any read or write to SC program-ordered after the barrier.

A control barrier (even if it has no memory semantics) must not be reordered against any memory barriers.

This memory model allows memory accesses with and without availability and visibility operations, as well as atomic operations, all to be performed on the same memory location. This is critical to allow it to reason about memory that is reused in multiple ways, e.g. across the lifetime of different shader invocations or draw calls. While GLSL (and legacy SPIR-V) applies the “coherent” decoration to variables (for historical reasons), this model treats each memory access instruction as having optional implicit availability/visibility operations. GLSL to SPIR-V compilers should map all (non-atomic) operations on a coherent variable to Make{Pointer,Texel}{Available}{Visible} flags in this model.

Atomic operations implicitly have availability/visibility operations, and the scope of those operations is taken from the atomic operation’s scope.

### Tessellation Output Ordering

For SPIR-V that uses the Vulkan Memory Model, the `OutputMemory` storage class is used to synchronize accesses to tessellation control output variables. For legacy SPIR-V that does not enable the Vulkan Memory Model via `OpMemoryModel`, tessellation outputs can be ordered using a control barrier with no particular memory scope or semantics, as defined below.

Let X and Y be memory operations performed by shader invocations AX and AY. Operation X is tessellation-output-ordered before operation Y if and only if all of the following are true:

- There is a dynamic instance of an `OpControlBarrier` instruction C such that X is program-ordered before C in AX and C is program-ordered before Y in AY.

- AX and AY are in the same instance of C’s execution scope.

If shader invocations AX and AY in the `TessellationControl` execution model execute memory operations X and Y, respectively, on the `Output` storage class, and X is tessellation-output-ordered before Y with a scope of `Workgroup`, then X is location-ordered before Y, and if X is a write and Y is a read then X is visible-to Y.

## Appendix C: Compressed Image Formats

The compressed texture formats used by Vulkan are described in the specifically identified sections of the Khronos Data Format Specification, version 1.3.

Unless otherwise described, the quantities encoded in these compressed formats are treated as normalized, unsigned values.

Those formats listed as sRGB-encoded have in-memory representations of R, G and B components which are nonlinearly-encoded as R', G', and B'; any alpha component is unchanged. As part of filtering, the nonlinear R', G', and B' values are converted to linear R, G, and B components; any alpha component is unchanged. The conversion between linear and nonlinear encoding is performed as described in the “KHR_DF_TRANSFER_SRGB” section of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

### Block-Compressed Image Formats

BC1, BC2 and BC3 formats are described in “S3TC Compressed Texture Image Formats” chapter of the Khronos Data Format Specification. BC4 and BC5 are described in the “RGTC Compressed Texture Image Formats” chapter. BC6H and BC7 are described in the “BPTC Compressed Texture Image Formats” chapter.

Table 65. Mapping of Vulkan BC formats to descriptions
VkFormat | Khronos Data Format Specification description
--- | ---
Formats described in the “S3TC Compressed Texture Image Formats” chapter
`VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_UNORM_BLOCK` | BC1 with no alpha
`VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_SRGB_BLOCK` | BC1 with no alpha, sRGB-encoded
`VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_UNORM_BLOCK` | BC1 with alpha
`VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_SRGB_BLOCK` | BC1 with alpha, sRGB-encoded
`VK_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_BLOCK` | BC2
`VK_FORMAT_BC2_SRGB_BLOCK` | BC2, sRGB-encoded
`VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK` | BC3
`VK_FORMAT_BC3_SRGB_BLOCK` | BC3, sRGB-encoded
Formats described in the “RGTC Compressed Texture Image Formats” chapter
`VK_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM_BLOCK` | BC4 unsigned
`VK_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM_BLOCK` | BC4 signed
`VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK` | BC5 unsigned
`VK_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM_BLOCK` | BC5 signed
Formats described in the “BPTC Compressed Texture Image Formats” chapter
`VK_FORMAT_BC6H_UFLOAT_BLOCK` | BC6H (unsigned version)
`VK_FORMAT_BC6H_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | BC6H (signed version)
`VK_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_BLOCK` | BC7
`VK_FORMAT_BC7_SRGB_BLOCK` | BC7, sRGB-encoded

### ETC Compressed Image Formats

The following formats are described in the “ETC2 Compressed Texture Image Formats” chapter of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

Table 66. Mapping of Vulkan ETC formats to descriptions
VkFormat | Khronos Data Format Specification description
--- | ---
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_UNORM_BLOCK` | RGB ETC2
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_SRGB_BLOCK` | RGB ETC2 with sRGB encoding
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_UNORM_BLOCK` | RGB ETC2 with punch-through alpha
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_SRGB_BLOCK` | RGB ETC2 with punch-through alpha and sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_BLOCK` | RGBA ETC2
`VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_SRGB_BLOCK` | RGBA ETC2 with sRGB encoding
`VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_UNORM_BLOCK` | Unsigned R11 EAC
`VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_SNORM_BLOCK` | Signed R11 EAC
`VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_UNORM_BLOCK` | Unsigned RG11 EAC
`VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_SNORM_BLOCK` | Signed RG11 EAC

### ASTC Compressed Image Formats

ASTC formats are described in the “ASTC Compressed Texture Image Formats” chapter of the Khronos Data Format Specification.

Table 67. Mapping of Vulkan ASTC formats to descriptions
VkFormat | Compressed texel block dimensions | Requested mode
--- | --- | ---
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_UNORM_BLOCK` | 4 × 4 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SRGB_BLOCK` | 4 × 4 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_UNORM_BLOCK` | 5 × 4 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SRGB_BLOCK` | 5 × 4 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_UNORM_BLOCK` | 5 × 5 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SRGB_BLOCK` | 5 × 5 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_UNORM_BLOCK` | 6 × 5 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SRGB_BLOCK` | 6 × 5 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_UNORM_BLOCK` | 6 × 6 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SRGB_BLOCK` | 6 × 6 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_UNORM_BLOCK` | 8 × 5 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SRGB_BLOCK` | 8 × 5 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_UNORM_BLOCK` | 8 × 6 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SRGB_BLOCK` | 8 × 6 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_UNORM_BLOCK` | 8 × 8 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SRGB_BLOCK` | 8 × 8 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_UNORM_BLOCK` | 10 × 5 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SRGB_BLOCK` | 10 × 5 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_UNORM_BLOCK` | 10 × 6 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SRGB_BLOCK` | 10 × 6 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_UNORM_BLOCK` | 10 × 8 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SRGB_BLOCK` | 10 × 8 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_UNORM_BLOCK` | 10 × 10 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SRGB_BLOCK` | 10 × 10 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_UNORM_BLOCK` | 12 × 10 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SRGB_BLOCK` | 12 × 10 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_UNORM_BLOCK` | 12 × 12 | Linear LDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SRGB_BLOCK` | 12 × 12 | sRGB
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 4 × 4 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 5 × 4 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 5 × 5 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 6 × 5 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 6 × 6 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 8 × 5 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 8 × 6 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 8 × 8 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 10 × 5 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 10 × 6 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 10 × 8 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 10 × 10 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 12 × 10 | HDR
`VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SFLOAT_BLOCK` | 12 × 12 | HDR

ASTC textures containing HDR block encodings should be passed to the API using an ASTC SFLOAT texture format.

| Note An HDR block in a texture passed using a LDR UNORM format will return the appropriate ASTC error color if the implementation supports only the ASTC LDR profile, but may result in either the error color or a decompressed HDR color if the implementation supports HDR decoding.

The ASTC decode mode is decode_float16.

Note that an implementation may use HDR mode when linear LDR mode is requested.

## Appendix D: Core Revisions (Informative)

New minor versions of the Vulkan API are defined periodically by the Khronos Vulkan Working Group. These consist of some amount of additional functionality added to the core API, potentially including both new functionality and functionality promoted from extensions.

It is possible to build the specification for earlier versions, but to aid readability of the latest versions, this appendix gives an overview of the changes as compared to earlier versions.

### Version 1.3

Vulkan Version 1.3 promoted a number of key extensions into the core API:

- `VK_KHR_copy_commands2`

- `VK_KHR_dynamic_rendering`

- `VK_KHR_format_feature_flags2`

- `VK_KHR_maintenance4`

- `VK_KHR_shader_integer_dot_product`

- `VK_KHR_shader_non_semantic_info`

- `VK_KHR_shader_terminate_invocation`

- `VK_KHR_synchronization2`

- `VK_KHR_zero_initialize_workgroup_memory`

- `VK_EXT_4444_formats`

- `VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state`

- `VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state2`

- `VK_EXT_image_robustness`

- `VK_EXT_inline_uniform_block`

- `VK_EXT_pipeline_creation_cache_control`

- `VK_EXT_pipeline_creation_feedback`

- `VK_EXT_private_data`

- `VK_EXT_shader_demote_to_helper_invocation`

- `VK_EXT_subgroup_size_control`

- `VK_EXT_texel_buffer_alignment`

- `VK_EXT_texture_compression_astc_hdr`

- `VK_EXT_tooling_info`

- `VK_EXT_ycbcr_2plane_444_formats`

All differences in behavior between these extensions and the corresponding Vulkan 1.3 functionality are summarized below.

#### Differences relative to `VK_EXT_4444_formats`

If the `[VK_EXT_4444_formats]` extension is not supported, support for all formats defined by it are optional in Vulkan 1.3. There are no members in the VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features structure corresponding to the `VkPhysicalDevice4444FormatsFeaturesEXT` structure.

#### Differences relative to `VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state`

All dynamic state enumerants and entry points defined by `[VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state]` are required in Vulkan 1.3. There are no members in the VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features structure corresponding to the `VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedDynamicStateFeaturesEXT` structure.

#### Differences relative to `VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state2`

The optional dynamic state enumerants and entry points defined by `[VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state2]` for patch control points and logic op are not promoted in Vulkan 1.3. There are no members in the VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features structure corresponding to the `VkPhysicalDeviceExtendedDynamicState2FeaturesEXT` structure.

#### Differences relative to `VK_EXT_texel_buffer_alignment`

The more specific alignment requirements defined by VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties are required in Vulkan 1.3. There are no members in the VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features structure corresponding to the `VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentFeaturesEXT` structure.

#### Differences relative to `VK_EXT_texture_compression_astc_hdr`

If the `[VK_EXT_texture_compression_astc_hdr]` extension is not supported, support for all formats defined by it are optional in Vulkan 1.3. The `textureCompressionASTC_HDR` member of VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features indicates whether a Vulkan 1.3 implementation supports these formats.

#### Differences relative to `VK_EXT_ycbcr_2plane_444_formats`

If the `[VK_EXT_ycbcr_2plane_444_formats]` extension is not supported, support for all formats defined by it are optional in Vulkan 1.3. There are no members in the VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features structure corresponding to the `VkPhysicalDeviceYcbcr2Plane444FormatsFeaturesEXT` structure.

#### Additional Vulkan 1.3 Feature Support

In addition to the promoted extensions described above, Vulkan 1.3 added required support for:

- SPIR-V version 1.6

  - SPIR-V 1.6 deprecates (but does not remove) the `WorkgroupSize` decoration.

- The `bufferDeviceAddress` feature which indicates support for accessing memory in shaders as storage buffers via vkGetBufferDeviceAddress.

- The `vulkanMemoryModel`, `vulkanMemoryModelDeviceScope`, and `vulkanMemoryModelAvailabilityVisibilityChains` features, which indicate support for the corresponding Vulkan Memory Model capabilities.

- The `maxInlineUniformTotalSize` limit is added to provide the total size of all inline uniform block bindings in a pipeline layout.

#### New Macros

- VK_API_VERSION_1_3

#### New Object Types

- VkPrivateDataSlot

#### New Commands

- vkCmdBeginRendering

- vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2

- vkCmdBlitImage2

- vkCmdCopyBuffer2

- vkCmdCopyBufferToImage2

- vkCmdCopyImage2

- vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer2

- vkCmdEndRendering

- vkCmdPipelineBarrier2

- vkCmdResetEvent2

- vkCmdResolveImage2

- vkCmdSetCullMode

- vkCmdSetDepthBiasEnable

- vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnable

- vkCmdSetDepthCompareOp

- vkCmdSetDepthTestEnable

- vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnable

- vkCmdSetEvent2

- vkCmdSetFrontFace

- vkCmdSetPrimitiveRestartEnable

- vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopology

- vkCmdSetRasterizerDiscardEnable

- vkCmdSetScissorWithCount

- vkCmdSetStencilOp

- vkCmdSetStencilTestEnable

- vkCmdSetViewportWithCount

- vkCmdWaitEvents2

- vkCmdWriteTimestamp2

- vkCreatePrivateDataSlot

- vkDestroyPrivateDataSlot

- vkGetDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements

- vkGetDeviceImageMemoryRequirements

- vkGetDeviceImageSparseMemoryRequirements

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceToolProperties

- vkGetPrivateData

- vkQueueSubmit2

- vkSetPrivateData

#### New Structures

- VkBlitImageInfo2

- VkBufferCopy2

- VkBufferImageCopy2

- VkBufferMemoryBarrier2

- VkCommandBufferSubmitInfo

- VkCopyBufferInfo2

- VkCopyBufferToImageInfo2

- VkCopyImageInfo2

- VkCopyImageToBufferInfo2

- VkDependencyInfo

- VkDeviceBufferMemoryRequirements

- VkDeviceImageMemoryRequirements

- VkImageBlit2

- VkImageCopy2

- VkImageMemoryBarrier2

- VkImageResolve2

- VkPhysicalDeviceToolProperties

- VkPipelineCreationFeedback

- VkPrivateDataSlotCreateInfo

- VkRenderingAttachmentInfo

- VkRenderingInfo

- VkResolveImageInfo2

- VkSemaphoreSubmitInfo

- VkSubmitInfo2

- Extending VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo:

  - VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderingInfo

- Extending VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo:

  - VkDescriptorPoolInlineUniformBlockCreateInfo

- Extending VkDeviceCreateInfo:

  - VkDevicePrivateDataCreateInfo

- Extending VkFormatProperties2:

  - VkFormatProperties3

- Extending VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo:

  - VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfo

- Extending VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo, VkComputePipelineCreateInfo, `VkRayTracingPipelineCreateInfoNV`, `VkRayTracingPipelineCreateInfoKHR`:

  - VkPipelineCreationFeedbackCreateInfo

- Extending VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, VkDeviceCreateInfo:

  - VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceImageRobustnessFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Features

  - VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDevicePrivateDataFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDemoteToHelperInvocationFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceShaderTerminateInvocationFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceSynchronization2Features

  - VkPhysicalDeviceTextureCompressionASTCHDRFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features

  - VkPhysicalDeviceZeroInitializeWorkgroupMemoryFeatures

- Extending VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2:

  - VkPhysicalDeviceInlineUniformBlockProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance4Properties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceShaderIntegerDotProductProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceTexelBufferAlignmentProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan13Properties

- Extending VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo:

  - VkPipelineShaderStageRequiredSubgroupSizeCreateInfo

- Extending VkSubpassDependency2:

  - VkMemoryBarrier2

- Extending VkWriteDescriptorSet:

  - VkWriteDescriptorSetInlineUniformBlock

#### New Enums

- VkAccessFlagBits2

- VkFormatFeatureFlagBits2

- VkPipelineCreationFeedbackFlagBits

- VkPipelineStageFlagBits2

- VkRenderingFlagBits

- VkSubmitFlagBits

- VkToolPurposeFlagBits

#### New Bitmasks

- VkAccessFlags2

- VkFormatFeatureFlags2

- VkPipelineCreationFeedbackFlags

- VkPipelineStageFlags2

- VkPrivateDataSlotCreateFlags

- VkRenderingFlags

- VkSubmitFlags

- VkToolPurposeFlags

#### New Enum Constants

- Extending VkAccessFlagBits:

  - `VK_ACCESS_NONE`

- Extending VkAttachmentStoreOp:

  - `VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_NONE`

- Extending VkDescriptorType:

  - `VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`

- Extending VkDynamicState:

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_CULL_MODE`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS_ENABLE`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS_TEST_ENABLE`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_COMPARE_OP`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_TEST_ENABLE`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_WRITE_ENABLE`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_FRONT_FACE`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_RESTART_ENABLE`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_RASTERIZER_DISCARD_ENABLE`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_OP`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_TEST_ENABLE`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE`

  - `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT`

- Extending VkEventCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_EVENT_CREATE_DEVICE_ONLY_BIT`

- Extending VkFormat:

  - `VK_FORMAT_A4B4G4R4_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_A4R4G4B4_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SFLOAT_BLOCK`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_444_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_444_UNORM`

- Extending VkImageAspectFlagBits:

  - `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_NONE`

- Extending VkImageLayout:

  - `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

  - `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- Extending VkObjectType:

  - `VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PRIVATE_DATA_SLOT`

- Extending VkPipelineCacheCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT`

- Extending VkPipelineCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_EARLY_RETURN_ON_FAILURE_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_FAIL_ON_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED_BIT`

- Extending VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_ALLOW_VARYING_SUBGROUP_SIZE_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_REQUIRE_FULL_SUBGROUPS_BIT`

- Extending VkPipelineStageFlagBits:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_NONE`

- Extending VkResult:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_COMPILE_REQUIRED`

- Extending VkStructureType:

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BLIT_IMAGE_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_COPY_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_IMAGE_COPY_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_INHERITANCE_RENDERING_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_SUBMIT_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_BUFFER_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_BUFFER_TO_IMAGE_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_IMAGE_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COPY_IMAGE_TO_BUFFER_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_PRIVATE_DATA_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_3`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_BLIT_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_COPY_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_RESOLVE_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_BARRIER_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DYNAMIC_RENDERING_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_ROBUSTNESS_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MAINTENANCE_4_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MAINTENANCE_4_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PIPELINE_CREATION_CACHE_CONTROL_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PRIVATE_DATA_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_DEMOTE_TO_HELPER_INVOCATION_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_INTEGER_DOT_PRODUCT_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_INTEGER_DOT_PRODUCT_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_TERMINATE_INVOCATION_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CONTROL_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CONTROL_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SYNCHRONIZATION_2_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TEXEL_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TEXTURE_COMPRESSION_ASTC_HDR_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TOOL_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_3_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_ZERO_INITIALIZE_WORKGROUP_MEMORY_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CREATION_FEEDBACK_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RENDERING_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_REQUIRED_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRIVATE_DATA_SLOT_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_ATTACHMENT_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDERING_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RESOLVE_IMAGE_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_SUBMIT_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_INLINE_UNIFORM_BLOCK`

### Version 1.2

Vulkan Version 1.2 promoted a number of key extensions into the core API:

- `VK_KHR_8bit_storage`

- `VK_KHR_buffer_device_address`

- `VK_KHR_create_renderpass2`

- `VK_KHR_depth_stencil_resolve`

- `VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count`

- `VK_KHR_driver_properties`

- `VK_KHR_image_format_list`

- `VK_KHR_imageless_framebuffer`

- `VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge`

- `VK_KHR_separate_depth_stencil_layouts`

- `VK_KHR_shader_atomic_int64`

- `VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8`

- `VK_KHR_shader_float_controls`

- `VK_KHR_shader_subgroup_extended_types`

- `VK_KHR_spirv_1_4`

- `VK_KHR_timeline_semaphore`

- `VK_KHR_uniform_buffer_standard_layout`

- `VK_KHR_vulkan_memory_model`

- `VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing`

- `VK_EXT_host_query_reset`

- `VK_EXT_sampler_filter_minmax`

- `VK_EXT_scalar_block_layout`

- `VK_EXT_separate_stencil_usage`

- `VK_EXT_shader_viewport_index_layer`

All differences in behavior between these extensions and the corresponding Vulkan 1.2 functionality are summarized below.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_8bit_storage`

If the ``VK_KHR_8bit_storage`` extension is not supported, support for the SPIR-V `StorageBuffer8BitAccess` capability in shader modules is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`storageBuffer8BitAccess` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count`

If the ``VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count`` extension is not supported, support for the entry points vkCmdDrawIndirectCount and vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`drawIndirectCount` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge`

If the ``VK_KHR_sampler_mirror_clamp_to_edge`` extension is not supported, support for the VkSamplerAddressMode `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE` is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`samplerMirrorClampToEdge` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing`

If the ``VK_EXT_descriptor_indexing`` extension is not supported, support for the descriptorIndexing feature is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`descriptorIndexing` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_EXT_scalar_block_layout`

If the ``VK_EXT_scalar_block_layout`` extension is not supported, support for the scalarBlockLayout feature is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`scalarBlockLayout` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_EXT_shader_viewport_index_layer`

If the ``VK_EXT_shader_viewport_index_layer`` extension is not supported, support for the `ShaderViewportIndexLayerEXT` SPIR-V capability is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`shaderOutputViewportIndex` and VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`shaderOutputLayer` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_buffer_device_address`

If the ``VK_KHR_buffer_device_address`` extension is not supported, support for the bufferDeviceAddress feature is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`bufferDeviceAddress` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_shader_atomic_int64`

If the ``VK_KHR_shader_atomic_int64`` extension is not supported, support for the shaderBufferInt64Atomics feature is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`shaderBufferInt64Atomics` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8`

If the ``VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8`` extension is not supported, support for the `shaderFloat16` and `shaderInt8` features is optional. Support for these features are defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`shaderFloat16` and VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`shaderInt8` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_vulkan_memory_model`

If the ``VK_KHR_vulkan_memory_model`` extension is not supported, support for the vulkanMemoryModel feature is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features::`vulkanMemoryModel` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Additional Vulkan 1.2 Feature Support

In addition to the promoted extensions described above, Vulkan 1.2 added support for:

- SPIR-V version 1.4.

- SPIR-V version 1.5.

- The samplerMirrorClampToEdge feature which indicates whether the implementation supports the `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE` sampler address mode.

- The `ShaderNonUniform` capability in SPIR-V version 1.5.

- The shaderOutputViewportIndex feature which indicates that the `ShaderViewportIndex` capability can be used.

- The shaderOutputLayer feature which indicates that the `ShaderLayer` capability can be used.

- The subgroupBroadcastDynamicId feature which allows the “Id” operand of `OpGroupNonUniformBroadcast` to be dynamically uniform within a subgroup, and the “Index” operand of `OpGroupNonUniformQuadBroadcast` to be dynamically uniform within a derivative group, in shader modules of version 1.5 or higher.

- The drawIndirectCount feature which indicates whether the vkCmdDrawIndirectCount and vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount functions can be used.

- The descriptorIndexing feature which indicates the implementation supports the minimum number of descriptor indexing features as defined in the Feature Requirements section.

- The samplerFilterMinmax feature which indicates whether the implementation supports the minimum number of image formats that support the `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT` feature bit as defined by the `filterMinmaxSingleComponentFormats` property minimum requirements.

- The framebufferIntegerColorSampleCounts limit which indicates the color sample counts that are supported for all framebuffer color attachments with integer formats.

#### New Macros

- VK_API_VERSION_1_2

#### New Commands

- vkCmdBeginRenderPass2

- vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount

- vkCmdDrawIndirectCount

- vkCmdEndRenderPass2

- vkCmdNextSubpass2

- vkCreateRenderPass2

- vkGetBufferDeviceAddress

- vkGetBufferOpaqueCaptureAddress

- vkGetDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddress

- vkGetSemaphoreCounterValue

- vkResetQueryPool

- vkSignalSemaphore

- vkWaitSemaphores

#### New Structures

- VkAttachmentDescription2

- VkAttachmentReference2

- VkBufferDeviceAddressInfo

- VkConformanceVersion

- VkDeviceMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressInfo

- VkFramebufferAttachmentImageInfo

- VkRenderPassCreateInfo2

- VkSemaphoreSignalInfo

- VkSemaphoreWaitInfo

- VkSubpassBeginInfo

- VkSubpassDependency2

- VkSubpassDescription2

- VkSubpassEndInfo

- Extending VkAttachmentDescription2:

  - VkAttachmentDescriptionStencilLayout

- Extending VkAttachmentReference2:

  - VkAttachmentReferenceStencilLayout

- Extending VkBufferCreateInfo:

  - VkBufferOpaqueCaptureAddressCreateInfo

- Extending VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo:

  - VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountAllocateInfo

- Extending VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo:

  - VkDescriptorSetLayoutBindingFlagsCreateInfo

- Extending VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport:

  - VkDescriptorSetVariableDescriptorCountLayoutSupport

- Extending VkFramebufferCreateInfo:

  - VkFramebufferAttachmentsCreateInfo

- Extending VkImageCreateInfo, VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2:

  - VkImageStencilUsageCreateInfo

- Extending VkImageCreateInfo, `VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR`, VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2:

  - VkImageFormatListCreateInfo

- Extending VkMemoryAllocateInfo:

  - VkMemoryOpaqueCaptureAddressAllocateInfo

- Extending VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, VkDeviceCreateInfo:

  - VkPhysicalDevice8BitStorageFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceBufferDeviceAddressFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceHostQueryResetFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceImagelessFramebufferFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceScalarBlockLayoutFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceSeparateDepthStencilLayoutsFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceShaderAtomicInt64Features

  - VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8Features

  - VkPhysicalDeviceShaderSubgroupExtendedTypesFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceUniformBufferStandardLayoutFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features

  - VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features

  - VkPhysicalDeviceVulkanMemoryModelFeatures

- Extending VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2:

  - VkPhysicalDeviceDepthStencilResolveProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceDescriptorIndexingProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceDriverProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerFilterMinmaxProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceTimelineSemaphoreProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Properties

- Extending VkRenderPassBeginInfo:

  - VkRenderPassAttachmentBeginInfo

- Extending VkSamplerCreateInfo:

  - VkSamplerReductionModeCreateInfo

- Extending VkSemaphoreCreateInfo, VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo:

  - VkSemaphoreTypeCreateInfo

- Extending VkSubmitInfo, VkBindSparseInfo:

  - VkTimelineSemaphoreSubmitInfo

- Extending VkSubpassDescription2:

  - VkSubpassDescriptionDepthStencilResolve

#### New Enums

- VkDescriptorBindingFlagBits

- VkDriverId

- VkResolveModeFlagBits

- VkSamplerReductionMode

- VkSemaphoreType

- VkSemaphoreWaitFlagBits

- VkShaderFloatControlsIndependence

#### New Bitmasks

- VkDescriptorBindingFlags

- VkResolveModeFlags

- VkSemaphoreWaitFlags

#### New Enum Constants

- `VK_MAX_DRIVER_INFO_SIZE`

- `VK_MAX_DRIVER_NAME_SIZE`

- Extending VkBufferCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`

- Extending VkBufferUsageFlagBits:

  - `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT`

- Extending VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_BIT`

- Extending VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_UPDATE_AFTER_BIND_POOL_BIT`

- Extending VkFormatFeatureFlagBits:

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_MINMAX_BIT`

- Extending VkFramebufferCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_IMAGELESS_BIT`

- Extending VkImageLayout:

  - `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

  - `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

  - `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

  - `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

- Extending VkMemoryAllocateFlagBits:

  - `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT`

  - `VK_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_ADDRESS_CAPTURE_REPLAY_BIT`

- Extending VkResult:

  - `VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTATION`

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS`

- Extending VkSamplerAddressMode:

  - `VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE`

- Extending VkStructureType:

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_STENCIL_LAYOUT`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_STENCIL_LAYOUT`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_BINDING_FLAGS_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_ALLOCATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_VARIABLE_DESCRIPTOR_COUNT_LAYOUT_SUPPORT`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_MEMORY_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENTS_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_ATTACHMENT_IMAGE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_STENCIL_USAGE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_OPAQUE_CAPTURE_ADDRESS_ALLOCATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_8BIT_STORAGE_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_BUFFER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_INDEXING_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_INDEXING_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DRIVER_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FLOAT_CONTROLS_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_HOST_QUERY_RESET_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGELESS_FRAMEBUFFER_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SAMPLER_FILTER_MINMAX_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SCALAR_BLOCK_LAYOUT_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SEPARATE_DEPTH_STENCIL_LAYOUTS_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_ATOMIC_INT64_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_FLOAT16_INT8_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_SUBGROUP_EXTENDED_TYPES_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_STANDARD_LAYOUT_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_MEMORY_MODEL_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_ATTACHMENT_BEGIN_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_REDUCTION_MODE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_SIGNAL_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_WAIT_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_BEGIN_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DEPENDENCY_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_DEPTH_STENCIL_RESOLVE`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_END_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_TIMELINE_SEMAPHORE_SUBMIT_INFO`

### Version 1.1

Vulkan Version 1.1 promoted a number of key extensions into the core API:

- `VK_KHR_16bit_storage`

- `VK_KHR_bind_memory2`

- `VK_KHR_dedicated_allocation`

- `VK_KHR_descriptor_update_template`

- `VK_KHR_device_group`

- `VK_KHR_device_group_creation`

- `VK_KHR_external_fence`

- `VK_KHR_external_fence_capabilities`

- `VK_KHR_external_memory`

- `VK_KHR_external_memory_capabilities`

- `VK_KHR_external_semaphore`

- `VK_KHR_external_semaphore_capabilities`

- `VK_KHR_get_memory_requirements2`

- `VK_KHR_get_physical_device_properties2`

- `VK_KHR_maintenance1`

- `VK_KHR_maintenance2`

- `VK_KHR_maintenance3`

- `VK_KHR_multiview`

- `VK_KHR_relaxed_block_layout`

- `VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion`

- `VK_KHR_shader_draw_parameters`

- `VK_KHR_storage_buffer_storage_class`

- `VK_KHR_variable_pointers`

All differences in behavior between these extensions and the corresponding Vulkan 1.1 functionality are summarized below.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_16bit_storage`

If the ``VK_KHR_16bit_storage`` extension is not supported, support for the `storageBuffer16BitAccess` feature is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures::`storageBuffer16BitAccess` or VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features::`storageBuffer16BitAccess` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion`

If the ``VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion`` extension is not supported, support for the `samplerYcbcrConversion` feature is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures::`samplerYcbcrConversion` or VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features::`samplerYcbcrConversion` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_shader_draw_parameters`

If the ``VK_KHR_shader_draw_parameters`` extension is not supported, support for the `SPV_KHR_shader_draw_parameters` SPIR-V extension is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures::`shaderDrawParameters` or VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features::`shaderDrawParameters` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Differences relative to `VK_KHR_variable_pointers`

If the ``VK_KHR_variable_pointers`` extension is not supported, support for the `variablePointersStorageBuffer` feature is optional. Support for this feature is defined by VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures::`variablePointersStorageBuffer` or VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features::`variablePointersStorageBuffer` when queried via vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2.

#### Additional Vulkan 1.1 Feature Support

In addition to the promoted extensions described above, Vulkan 1.1 added support for:

- The group operations and subgroup scope.

- The protected memory feature.

- A new command to enumerate the instance version: vkEnumerateInstanceVersion.

- The VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures feature query struct (where the ``VK_KHR_shader_draw_parameters`` extension did not have one).

#### New Macros

- VK_API_VERSION_1_1

#### New Object Types

- VkDescriptorUpdateTemplate

- VkSamplerYcbcrConversion

#### New Commands

- vkBindBufferMemory2

- vkBindImageMemory2

- vkCmdDispatchBase

- vkCmdSetDeviceMask

- vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplate

- vkCreateSamplerYcbcrConversion

- vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplate

- vkDestroySamplerYcbcrConversion

- vkEnumerateInstanceVersion

- vkEnumeratePhysicalDeviceGroups

- vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements2

- vkGetDescriptorSetLayoutSupport

- vkGetDeviceGroupPeerMemoryFeatures

- vkGetDeviceQueue2

- vkGetImageMemoryRequirements2

- vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements2

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferProperties

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceProperties

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreProperties

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties2

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties2

- vkTrimCommandPool

- vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplate

#### New Structures

- VkBindBufferMemoryInfo

- VkBindImageMemoryInfo

- VkBufferMemoryRequirementsInfo2

- VkDescriptorSetLayoutSupport

- VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfo

- VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateEntry

- VkDeviceQueueInfo2

- VkExternalBufferProperties

- VkExternalFenceProperties

- VkExternalMemoryProperties

- VkExternalSemaphoreProperties

- VkFormatProperties2

- VkImageFormatProperties2

- VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2

- VkImageSparseMemoryRequirementsInfo2

- VkInputAttachmentAspectReference

- VkMemoryRequirements2

- VkPhysicalDeviceExternalBufferInfo

- VkPhysicalDeviceExternalFenceInfo

- VkPhysicalDeviceExternalSemaphoreInfo

- VkPhysicalDeviceGroupProperties

- VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2

- VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties2

- VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2

- VkPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatInfo2

- VkQueueFamilyProperties2

- VkSamplerYcbcrConversionCreateInfo

- VkSparseImageFormatProperties2

- VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements2

- Extending VkBindBufferMemoryInfo:

  - VkBindBufferMemoryDeviceGroupInfo

- Extending VkBindImageMemoryInfo:

  - VkBindImageMemoryDeviceGroupInfo

  - VkBindImagePlaneMemoryInfo

- Extending VkBindSparseInfo:

  - VkDeviceGroupBindSparseInfo

- Extending VkBufferCreateInfo:

  - VkExternalMemoryBufferCreateInfo

- Extending VkCommandBufferBeginInfo:

  - VkDeviceGroupCommandBufferBeginInfo

- Extending VkDeviceCreateInfo:

  - VkDeviceGroupDeviceCreateInfo

  - VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2

- Extending VkFenceCreateInfo:

  - VkExportFenceCreateInfo

- Extending VkImageCreateInfo:

  - VkExternalMemoryImageCreateInfo

- Extending VkImageFormatProperties2:

  - VkExternalImageFormatProperties

  - VkSamplerYcbcrConversionImageFormatProperties

- Extending VkImageMemoryRequirementsInfo2:

  - VkImagePlaneMemoryRequirementsInfo

- Extending VkImageViewCreateInfo:

  - VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo

- Extending VkMemoryAllocateInfo:

  - VkExportMemoryAllocateInfo

  - VkMemoryAllocateFlagsInfo

  - VkMemoryDedicatedAllocateInfo

- Extending VkMemoryRequirements2:

  - VkMemoryDedicatedRequirements

- Extending VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2, VkDeviceCreateInfo:

  - VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParameterFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceShaderDrawParametersFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointerFeatures

  - VkPhysicalDeviceVariablePointersFeatures

- Extending VkPhysicalDeviceImageFormatInfo2:

  - VkPhysicalDeviceExternalImageFormatInfo

- Extending VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2:

  - VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceMaintenance3Properties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties

  - VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceProtectedMemoryProperties

  - VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties

- Extending VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo:

  - VkPipelineTessellationDomainOriginStateCreateInfo

- Extending VkRenderPassBeginInfo, VkRenderingInfo:

  - VkDeviceGroupRenderPassBeginInfo

- Extending VkRenderPassCreateInfo:

  - VkRenderPassInputAttachmentAspectCreateInfo

  - VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo

- Extending VkSamplerCreateInfo, VkImageViewCreateInfo:

  - VkSamplerYcbcrConversionInfo

- Extending VkSemaphoreCreateInfo:

  - VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo

- Extending VkSubmitInfo:

  - VkDeviceGroupSubmitInfo

  - VkProtectedSubmitInfo

#### New Enums

- VkChromaLocation

- VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateType

- VkDeviceQueueCreateFlagBits

- VkExternalFenceFeatureFlagBits

- VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlagBits

- VkExternalMemoryFeatureFlagBits

- VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlagBits

- VkExternalSemaphoreFeatureFlagBits

- VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlagBits

- VkFenceImportFlagBits

- VkMemoryAllocateFlagBits

- VkPeerMemoryFeatureFlagBits

- VkPointClippingBehavior

- VkSamplerYcbcrModelConversion

- VkSamplerYcbcrRange

- VkSemaphoreImportFlagBits

- VkSubgroupFeatureFlagBits

- VkTessellationDomainOrigin

#### New Bitmasks

- VkCommandPoolTrimFlags

- VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateFlags

- VkExternalFenceFeatureFlags

- VkExternalFenceHandleTypeFlags

- VkExternalMemoryFeatureFlags

- VkExternalMemoryHandleTypeFlags

- VkExternalSemaphoreFeatureFlags

- VkExternalSemaphoreHandleTypeFlags

- VkFenceImportFlags

- VkMemoryAllocateFlags

- VkPeerMemoryFeatureFlags

- VkSemaphoreImportFlags

- VkSubgroupFeatureFlags

#### New Enum Constants

- `VK_LUID_SIZE`

- `VK_MAX_DEVICE_GROUP_SIZE`

- `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_EXTERNAL`

- Extending VkBufferCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_BUFFER_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`

- Extending VkCommandPoolCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`

- Extending VkDependencyFlagBits:

  - `VK_DEPENDENCY_DEVICE_GROUP_BIT`

  - `VK_DEPENDENCY_VIEW_LOCAL_BIT`

- Extending VkDeviceQueueCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`

- Extending VkFormat:

  - `VK_FORMAT_B10X6G10X6R10X6G10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_B12X4G12X4R12X4G12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_B16G16R16G16_422_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8G8_422_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6B10X6G10X6R10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4B12X4G12X4R12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G16B16G16R16_422_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_420_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_422_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_420_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_422_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_444_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G8B8G8R8_422_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_420_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_422_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_420_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_422_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_444_UNORM`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4B12X4A12X4_UNORM_4PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16`

  - `VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16`

- Extending VkFormatFeatureFlagBits:

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COSITED_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DISJOINT_BIT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_MIDPOINT_CHROMA_SAMPLES_BIT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_BIT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CHROMA_RECONSTRUCTION_EXPLICIT_FORCEABLE_BIT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_LINEAR_FILTER_BIT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_YCBCR_CONVERSION_SEPARATE_RECONSTRUCTION_FILTER_BIT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT`

  - `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT`

- Extending VkImageAspectFlagBits:

  - `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_0_BIT`

  - `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_1_BIT`

  - `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_PLANE_2_BIT`

- Extending VkImageCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT`

  - `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_ALIAS_BIT`

  - `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_BLOCK_TEXEL_VIEW_COMPATIBLE_BIT`

  - `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT`

  - `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_EXTENDED_USAGE_BIT`

  - `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_PROTECTED_BIT`

  - `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_SPLIT_INSTANCE_BIND_REGIONS_BIT`

- Extending VkImageLayout:

  - `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL`

  - `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_READ_ONLY_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL`

- Extending VkMemoryHeapFlagBits:

  - `VK_MEMORY_HEAP_MULTI_INSTANCE_BIT`

- Extending VkMemoryPropertyFlagBits:

  - `VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_PROTECTED_BIT`

- Extending VkObjectType:

  - `VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE`

  - `VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION`

- Extending VkPipelineCreateFlagBits:

  - `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DISPATCH_BASE`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_DISPATCH_BASE_BIT`

  - `VK_PIPELINE_CREATE_VIEW_INDEX_FROM_DEVICE_INDEX_BIT`

- Extending VkQueueFlagBits:

  - `VK_QUEUE_PROTECTED_BIT`

- Extending VkResult:

  - `VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE`

  - `VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY`

- Extending VkStructureType:

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_DEVICE_GROUP_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_BUFFER_MEMORY_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_DEVICE_GROUP_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_MEMORY_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BIND_IMAGE_PLANE_MEMORY_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_SUPPORT`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_BIND_SPARSE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_GROUP_SUBMIT_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_FENCE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_BUFFER_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_FENCE_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_PLANE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_SPARSE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_USAGE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_FLAGS_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_ALLOCATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_DEDICATED_REQUIREMENTS`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_16BIT_STORAGE_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_BUFFER_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_FENCE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_GROUP_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_ID_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MAINTENANCE_3_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MEMORY_PROPERTIES_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_POINT_CLIPPING_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROTECTED_MEMORY_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_DRAW_PARAMETERS_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_DRAW_PARAMETER_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_INFO_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VARIABLE_POINTERS_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VARIABLE_POINTER_FEATURES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_TESSELLATION_DOMAIN_ORIGIN_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PROTECTED_SUBMIT_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUEUE_FAMILY_PROPERTIES_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_ASPECT_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_MULTIVIEW_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_CREATE_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_INFO`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SPARSE_IMAGE_FORMAT_PROPERTIES_2`

  - `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SPARSE_IMAGE_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2`

### Version 1.0

Vulkan Version 1.0 was the initial release of the Vulkan API.

#### New Macros

- VK_API_VERSION

- VK_API_VERSION_1_0

- VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR

- VK_API_VERSION_MINOR

- VK_API_VERSION_PATCH

- VK_API_VERSION_VARIANT

- VK_DEFINE_HANDLE

- VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE

- VK_HEADER_VERSION

- VK_HEADER_VERSION_COMPLETE

- VK_MAKE_API_VERSION

- VK_MAKE_VERSION

- VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VK_USE_64_BIT_PTR_DEFINES

- VK_VERSION_MAJOR

- VK_VERSION_MINOR

- VK_VERSION_PATCH

#### New Base Types

- `VkBool32`

- `VkDeviceAddress`

- `VkDeviceSize`

- `VkFlags`

- `VkSampleMask`

#### New Object Types

- VkBuffer

- VkBufferView

- VkCommandBuffer

- VkCommandPool

- VkDescriptorPool

- VkDescriptorSet

- VkDescriptorSetLayout

- VkDevice

- VkDeviceMemory

- VkEvent

- VkFence

- VkFramebuffer

- VkImage

- VkImageView

- VkInstance

- VkPhysicalDevice

- VkPipeline

- VkPipelineCache

- VkPipelineLayout

- VkQueryPool

- VkQueue

- VkRenderPass

- VkSampler

- VkSemaphore

- VkShaderModule

#### New Commands

- vkAllocateCommandBuffers

- vkAllocateDescriptorSets

- vkAllocateMemory

- vkBeginCommandBuffer

- vkBindBufferMemory

- vkBindImageMemory

- vkCmdBeginQuery

- vkCmdBeginRenderPass

- vkCmdBindDescriptorSets

- vkCmdBindIndexBuffer

- vkCmdBindPipeline

- vkCmdBindVertexBuffers

- vkCmdBlitImage

- vkCmdClearAttachments

- vkCmdClearColorImage

- vkCmdClearDepthStencilImage

- vkCmdCopyBuffer

- vkCmdCopyBufferToImage

- vkCmdCopyImage

- vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer

- vkCmdCopyQueryPoolResults

- vkCmdDispatch

- vkCmdDispatchIndirect

- vkCmdDraw

- vkCmdDrawIndexed

- vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect

- vkCmdDrawIndirect

- vkCmdEndQuery

- vkCmdEndRenderPass

- vkCmdExecuteCommands

- vkCmdFillBuffer

- vkCmdNextSubpass

- vkCmdPipelineBarrier

- vkCmdPushConstants

- vkCmdResetEvent

- vkCmdResetQueryPool

- vkCmdResolveImage

- vkCmdSetBlendConstants

- vkCmdSetDepthBias

- vkCmdSetDepthBounds

- vkCmdSetEvent

- vkCmdSetLineWidth

- vkCmdSetScissor

- vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask

- vkCmdSetStencilReference

- vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask

- vkCmdSetViewport

- vkCmdUpdateBuffer

- vkCmdWaitEvents

- vkCmdWriteTimestamp

- vkCreateBuffer

- vkCreateBufferView

- vkCreateCommandPool

- vkCreateComputePipelines

- vkCreateDescriptorPool

- vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout

- vkCreateDevice

- vkCreateEvent

- vkCreateFence

- vkCreateFramebuffer

- vkCreateGraphicsPipelines

- vkCreateImage

- vkCreateImageView

- vkCreateInstance

- vkCreatePipelineCache

- vkCreatePipelineLayout

- vkCreateQueryPool

- vkCreateRenderPass

- vkCreateSampler

- vkCreateSemaphore

- vkCreateShaderModule

- vkDestroyBuffer

- vkDestroyBufferView

- vkDestroyCommandPool

- vkDestroyDescriptorPool

- vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout

- vkDestroyDevice

- vkDestroyEvent

- vkDestroyFence

- vkDestroyFramebuffer

- vkDestroyImage

- vkDestroyImageView

- vkDestroyInstance

- vkDestroyPipeline

- vkDestroyPipelineCache

- vkDestroyPipelineLayout

- vkDestroyQueryPool

- vkDestroyRenderPass

- vkDestroySampler

- vkDestroySemaphore

- vkDestroyShaderModule

- vkDeviceWaitIdle

- vkEndCommandBuffer

- vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties

- vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties

- vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties

- vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties

- vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices

- vkFlushMappedMemoryRanges

- vkFreeCommandBuffers

- vkFreeDescriptorSets

- vkFreeMemory

- vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements

- vkGetDeviceMemoryCommitment

- vkGetDeviceProcAddr

- vkGetDeviceQueue

- vkGetEventStatus

- vkGetFenceStatus

- vkGetImageMemoryRequirements

- vkGetImageSparseMemoryRequirements

- vkGetImageSubresourceLayout

- vkGetInstanceProcAddr

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties

- vkGetPhysicalDeviceSparseImageFormatProperties

- vkGetPipelineCacheData

- vkGetQueryPoolResults

- vkGetRenderAreaGranularity

- vkInvalidateMappedMemoryRanges

- vkMapMemory

- vkMergePipelineCaches

- vkQueueBindSparse

- vkQueueSubmit

- vkQueueWaitIdle

- vkResetCommandBuffer

- vkResetCommandPool

- vkResetDescriptorPool

- vkResetEvent

- vkResetFences

- vkSetEvent

- vkUnmapMemory

- vkUpdateDescriptorSets

- vkWaitForFences

#### New Structures

- VkAllocationCallbacks

- VkApplicationInfo

- VkAttachmentDescription

- VkAttachmentReference

- VkBaseInStructure

- VkBaseOutStructure

- VkBindSparseInfo

- VkBufferCopy

- VkBufferCreateInfo

- VkBufferImageCopy

- VkBufferMemoryBarrier

- VkBufferViewCreateInfo

- VkClearAttachment

- VkClearDepthStencilValue

- VkClearRect

- VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo

- VkCommandBufferBeginInfo

- VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo

- VkCommandPoolCreateInfo

- VkComponentMapping

- VkComputePipelineCreateInfo

- VkCopyDescriptorSet

- VkDescriptorBufferInfo

- VkDescriptorImageInfo

- VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo

- VkDescriptorPoolSize

- VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo

- VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding

- VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo

- VkDeviceCreateInfo

- VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo

- VkDispatchIndirectCommand

- VkDrawIndexedIndirectCommand

- VkDrawIndirectCommand

- VkEventCreateInfo

- VkExtensionProperties

- VkExtent2D

- VkExtent3D

- VkFenceCreateInfo

- VkFormatProperties

- VkFramebufferCreateInfo

- VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo

- VkImageBlit

- VkImageCopy

- VkImageCreateInfo

- VkImageFormatProperties

- VkImageMemoryBarrier

- VkImageResolve

- VkImageSubresource

- VkImageSubresourceLayers

- VkImageSubresourceRange

- VkImageViewCreateInfo

- VkInstanceCreateInfo

- VkLayerProperties

- VkMappedMemoryRange

- VkMemoryAllocateInfo

- VkMemoryBarrier

- VkMemoryHeap

- VkMemoryRequirements

- VkMemoryType

- VkOffset2D

- VkOffset3D

- VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures

- VkPhysicalDeviceLimits

- VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties

- VkPhysicalDeviceProperties

- VkPhysicalDeviceSparseProperties

- VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo

- VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersionOne

- VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState

- VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo

- VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo

- VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo

- VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo

- VkPushConstantRange

- VkQueryPoolCreateInfo

- VkQueueFamilyProperties

- VkRect2D

- VkRenderPassBeginInfo

- VkRenderPassCreateInfo

- VkSamplerCreateInfo

- VkSemaphoreCreateInfo

- VkShaderModuleCreateInfo

- VkSparseBufferMemoryBindInfo

- VkSparseImageFormatProperties

- VkSparseImageMemoryBind

- VkSparseImageMemoryBindInfo

- VkSparseImageMemoryRequirements

- VkSparseImageOpaqueMemoryBindInfo

- VkSparseMemoryBind

- VkSpecializationInfo

- VkSpecializationMapEntry

- VkStencilOpState

- VkSubmitInfo

- VkSubpassDependency

- VkSubpassDescription

- VkSubresourceLayout

- VkVertexInputAttributeDescription

- VkVertexInputBindingDescription

- VkViewport

- VkWriteDescriptorSet

#### New Unions

- VkClearColorValue

- VkClearValue

#### New Function Pointers

- PFN_vkAllocationFunction

- PFN_vkFreeFunction

- PFN_vkInternalAllocationNotification

- PFN_vkInternalFreeNotification

- PFN_vkReallocationFunction

- PFN_vkVoidFunction

#### New Enums

- VkAccessFlagBits

- VkAttachmentDescriptionFlagBits

- VkAttachmentLoadOp

- VkAttachmentStoreOp

- VkBlendFactor

- VkBlendOp

- VkBorderColor

- VkBufferCreateFlagBits

- VkBufferUsageFlagBits

- VkColorComponentFlagBits

- VkCommandBufferLevel

- VkCommandBufferResetFlagBits

- VkCommandBufferUsageFlagBits

- VkCommandPoolCreateFlagBits

- VkCommandPoolResetFlagBits

- VkCompareOp

- VkComponentSwizzle

- VkCullModeFlagBits

- VkDependencyFlagBits

- VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlagBits

- VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlagBits

- VkDescriptorType

- VkDynamicState

- VkEventCreateFlagBits

- VkFenceCreateFlagBits

- VkFilter

- VkFormat

- VkFormatFeatureFlagBits

- VkFramebufferCreateFlagBits

- VkFrontFace

- VkImageAspectFlagBits

- VkImageCreateFlagBits

- VkImageLayout

- VkImageTiling

- VkImageType

- VkImageUsageFlagBits

- VkImageViewCreateFlagBits

- VkImageViewType

- VkIndexType

- VkInstanceCreateFlagBits

- VkInternalAllocationType

- VkLogicOp

- VkMemoryHeapFlagBits

- VkMemoryPropertyFlagBits

- VkObjectType

- VkPhysicalDeviceType

- VkPipelineBindPoint

- VkPipelineCacheHeaderVersion

- VkPipelineCreateFlagBits

- VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlagBits

- VkPipelineStageFlagBits

- VkPolygonMode

- VkPrimitiveTopology

- VkQueryControlFlagBits

- VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlagBits

- VkQueryResultFlagBits

- VkQueryType

- VkQueueFlagBits

- VkRenderPassCreateFlagBits

- VkResult

- VkSampleCountFlagBits

- VkSamplerAddressMode

- VkSamplerCreateFlagBits

- VkSamplerMipmapMode

- VkShaderStageFlagBits

- VkSharingMode

- VkSparseImageFormatFlagBits

- VkSparseMemoryBindFlagBits

- VkStencilFaceFlagBits

- VkStencilOp

- VkStructureType

- VkSubpassContents

- VkSubpassDescriptionFlagBits

- VkSystemAllocationScope

- VkVendorId

- VkVertexInputRate

#### New Bitmasks

- VkAccessFlags

- VkAttachmentDescriptionFlags

- VkBufferCreateFlags

- VkBufferUsageFlags

- VkBufferViewCreateFlags

- VkColorComponentFlags

- VkCommandBufferResetFlags

- VkCommandBufferUsageFlags

- VkCommandPoolCreateFlags

- VkCommandPoolResetFlags

- VkCullModeFlags

- VkDependencyFlags

- VkDescriptorPoolCreateFlags

- VkDescriptorPoolResetFlags

- VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlags

- VkDeviceCreateFlags

- VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags

- VkEventCreateFlags

- VkFenceCreateFlags

- VkFormatFeatureFlags

- VkFramebufferCreateFlags

- VkImageAspectFlags

- VkImageCreateFlags

- VkImageUsageFlags

- VkImageViewCreateFlags

- VkInstanceCreateFlags

- VkMemoryHeapFlags

- VkMemoryMapFlags

- VkMemoryPropertyFlags

- VkPipelineCacheCreateFlags

- VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateFlags

- VkPipelineCreateFlags

- VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateFlags

- VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateFlags

- VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateFlags

- VkPipelineLayoutCreateFlags

- VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateFlags

- VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateFlags

- VkPipelineShaderStageCreateFlags

- VkPipelineStageFlags

- VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateFlags

- VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateFlags

- VkPipelineViewportStateCreateFlags

- VkQueryControlFlags

- VkQueryPipelineStatisticFlags

- VkQueryPoolCreateFlags

- VkQueryResultFlags

- VkQueueFlags

- VkRenderPassCreateFlags

- VkSampleCountFlags

- VkSamplerCreateFlags

- VkSemaphoreCreateFlags

- VkShaderModuleCreateFlags

- VkShaderStageFlags

- VkSparseImageFormatFlags

- VkSparseMemoryBindFlags

- VkStencilFaceFlags

- VkSubpassDescriptionFlags

#### New Headers

- `vk_platform`

#### New Enum Constants

- `VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED`

- `VK_FALSE`

- `VK_LOD_CLAMP_NONE`

- `VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED`

- `VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS`

- `VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS`

- `VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL`

- `VK_TRUE`

- `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`

## Appendix E: Layers & Extensions (Informative)

Extensions to the Vulkan API can be defined by authors, groups of authors, and the Khronos Vulkan Working Group. In order not to compromise the readability of the Vulkan Specification, the core Specification does not incorporate most extensions. The online Registry of extensions is available at URL

https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/

and allows generating versions of the Specification incorporating different extensions.

Most of the content previously in this appendix does not specify use of specific Vulkan extensions and layers, but rather specifies the processes by which extensions and layers are created. As of version 1.0.21 of the Vulkan Specification, this content has been migrated to the Vulkan Documentation and Extensions document. Authors creating extensions and layers must follow the mandatory procedures in that document.

The remainder of this appendix documents a set of extensions chosen when this document was built. Versions of the Specification published in the Registry include:

- Core API + mandatory extensions required of all Vulkan implementations.

- Core API + all registered and published Khronos (`KHR`) extensions.

- Core API + all registered and published extensions.

Extensions are grouped as Khronos `KHR`, multivendor `EXT`, and then alphabetically by author ID. Within each group, extensions are listed in alphabetical order by their name.

| Note As of the initial Vulkan 1.1 public release, the `KHX` author ID is no longer used. All `KHX` extensions have been promoted to `KHR` status. Previously, this author ID was used to indicate that an extension was experimental, and is being considered for standardization in future `KHR` or core Vulkan API versions. We no longer use this mechanism for exposing experimental functionality. Some vendors may use an alternate author ID ending in `X` for some of their extensions. The exact meaning of such an author ID is defined by each vendor, and may not be equivalent to `KHX`, but it is likely to indicate a lesser degree of interface stability than a non-`X` extension from the same vendor.

### List of Extensions

## Appendix F: Vulkan Roadmap Milestones

Roadmap milestones are intended to be supported by mid-to-high-end smartphones, tablets, laptops, consoles, and desktop devices.

Each milestone indicates support for a set of extensions, features, limits, and formats across these devices, and should be supported by all such new hardware shipping by the end of the target year or shortly thereafter.

### Roadmap 2022

The Roadmap 2022 milestone is intended to be supported by newer mid-to-high-end devices shipping in 2022 or shortly thereafter across mainstream smartphone, tablet, laptops, console and desktop devices.

#### Required API versions

This profile requires Vulkan 1.3.

#### Required Features

The following core optional features are required to be supported:

- Vulkan 1.0 Optional Features

  - `fullDrawIndexUint32`

  - `imageCubeArray`

  - `independentBlend`

  - `sampleRateShading`

  - `drawIndirectFirstInstance`

  - `depthClamp`

  - `depthBiasClamp`

  - `samplerAnisotropy`

  - `occlusionQueryPrecise`

  - `fragmentStoresAndAtomics`

  - `shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats`

  - `shaderUniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - `shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - `shaderStorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - `shaderStorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing`

- Vulkan 1.1 Optional Features

  - `samplerYcbcrConversion`

- Vulkan 1.2 Optional Features

  - `samplerMirrorClampToEdge`

  - `descriptorIndexing`

  - `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayDynamicIndexing`

  - `shaderUniformBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

  - `shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing`

  - `shaderStorageBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

  - `shaderStorageImageArrayNonUniformIndexing`

  - `shaderUniformTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

  - `shaderStorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing`

  - `descriptorBindingSampledImageUpdateAfterBind`

  - `descriptorBindingStorageImageUpdateAfterBind`

  - `descriptorBindingStorageBufferUpdateAfterBind`

  - `descriptorBindingUniformTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind`

  - `descriptorBindingStorageTexelBufferUpdateAfterBind`

  - `descriptorBindingUpdateUnusedWhilePending`

  - `descriptorBindingPartiallyBound`

  - `descriptorBindingVariableDescriptorCount`

  - `runtimeDescriptorArray`

  - `scalarBlockLayout`

#### Required Limits

The following core increased limits are required

Table 68. Vulkan 1.0 Limits
Limit Name | Unsupported Limit | Core Limit | Profile Limit | Limit Type1
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
`maxImageDimension1D` | - | 4096 | 8192 | min
`maxImageDimension2D` | - | 4096 | 8192 | min
`maxImageDimensionCube` | - | 4096 | 8192 | min
`maxImageArrayLayers` | - | 256 | 2048 | min
`maxUniformBufferRange` | - | 16384 | 65536 | min
`bufferImageGranularity` | - | 131072 | 4096 | max
`maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers` | - | 16 | 64 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers` | - | 12 | 15 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers` | - | 4 | 30 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages` | - | 16 | 200 | min
`maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages` | - | 4 | 16 | min
`maxPerStageResources` | - | 128 | 200 | min
`maxDescriptorSetSamplers` | - | 96 | 576 | min, n × PerStage
`maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers` | - | 72 | 90 | min, n × PerStage
`maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers` | - | 24 | 96 | min, n × PerStage
`maxDescriptorSetSampledImages` | - | 96 | 1800 | min, n × PerStage
`maxDescriptorSetStorageImages` | - | 24 | 144 | min, n × PerStage
`maxFragmentCombinedOutputResources` | - | 4 | 16 | min
`maxComputeWorkGroupInvocations` | - | 128 | 256 | min
`maxComputeWorkGroupSize` | - | (128,128,64) | (256,256,64) | min
`subTexelPrecisionBits` | - | 4 | 8 | min
`mipmapPrecisionBits` | - | 4 | 6 | min
`maxSamplerLodBias` | - | 2 | 14 | min
`pointSizeGranularity` | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.125 | max, fixed point increment
`lineWidthGranularity` | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | max, fixed point increment
`standardSampleLocations` | - | - | `VK_TRUE` | implementation-dependent
`maxColorAttachments` | - | 4 | 7 | min

Table 69. Vulkan 1.1 Limits
Limit Name | Unsupported Limit | Core Limit | Profile Limit | Limit Type1
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
`subgroupSize` | - | 1/4 | 4 | implementation-dependent
`subgroupSupportedStages` | - | `VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT` | `VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT` `VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT` | implementation-dependent
`subgroupSupportedOperations` | - | `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT` | `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_VOTE_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_ARITHMETIC_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BALLOT_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_RELATIVE_BIT` `VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_QUAD_BIT` | implementation-dependent

Table 70. Vulkan 1.2 Limits
Limit Name | Unsupported Limit | Core Limit | Profile Limit | Limit Type1
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
`shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat16` | - | - | `VK_TRUE` | implementation-dependent
`shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat32` | - | - | `VK_TRUE` | implementation-dependent
`maxPerStageDescriptorUpdateAfterBindInputAttachments` | 0 | 4 | 7 | min

Table 71. Vulkan 1.3 Limits
Limit Name | Unsupported Limit | Core Limit | Profile Limit | Limit Type1
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
`maxSubgroupSize` | - | - | 4 | min

#### Required extensions

The following extensions are required

`VK_KHR_global_priority`

## Appendix G: API Boilerplate

This appendix defines Vulkan API features that are infrastructure required for a complete functional description of Vulkan, but do not logically belong elsewhere in the Specification.

### Vulkan Header Files

Vulkan is defined as an API in the C99 language. Khronos provides a corresponding set of header files for applications using the API, which may be used in either C or C++ code. The interface descriptions in the specification are the same as the interfaces defined in these header files, and both are derived from the `vk.xml` XML API Registry, which is the canonical machine-readable description of the Vulkan API. The Registry, scripts used for processing it into various forms, and documentation of the registry schema are available as described at https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/#apiregistry .

Language bindings for other languages can be defined using the information in the Specification and the Registry. Khronos does not provide any such bindings, but third-party developers have created some additional bindings.

#### Vulkan Combined API Header `vulkan.h` (Informative)

Applications normally will include the header `vulkan.h`. In turn, `vulkan.h` always includes the following headers:

- `vk_platform.h`, defining platform-specific macros and headers.

- `vulkan_core.h`, defining APIs for the Vulkan core and all registered extensions other than window system-specific and provisional extensions, which are included in separate header files.

In addition, specific preprocessor macros defined at the time `vulkan.h` is included cause header files for the corresponding window system-specific and provisional interfaces to be included, as described below.

#### Vulkan Platform-Specific Header `vk_platform.h` (Informative)

Platform-specific macros and interfaces are defined in `vk_platform.h`. These macros are used to control platform-dependent behavior, and their exact definitions are under the control of specific platforms and Vulkan implementations.

##### Platform-Specific Calling Conventions

On many platforms the following macros are empty strings, causing platform- and compiler-specific default calling conventions to be used.

`VKAPI_ATTR` is a macro placed before the return type in Vulkan API function declarations. This macro controls calling conventions for C++11 and GCC/Clang-style compilers.

`VKAPI_CALL` is a macro placed after the return type in Vulkan API function declarations. This macro controls calling conventions for MSVC-style compilers.

`VKAPI_PTR` is a macro placed between the '(' and '*' in Vulkan API function pointer declarations. This macro also controls calling conventions, and typically has the same definition as `VKAPI_ATTR` or `VKAPI_CALL`, depending on the compiler.

With these macros, a Vulkan function declaration takes the form of:

    VKAPI_ATTR <return_type> VKAPI_CALL <command_name>(<command_parameters>);

Additionally, a Vulkan function pointer type declaration takes the form of:

    typedef <return_type> (VKAPI_PTR *PFN_<command_name>)(<command_parameters>);

##### Platform-Specific Header Control

If the `VK_NO_STDINT_H` macro is defined by the application at compile time, extended integer types used by the Vulkan API, such as `uint8_t`, must also be defined by the application. Otherwise, the Vulkan headers will not compile. If `VK_NO_STDINT_H` is not defined, the system `<stdint.h>` is used to define these types. There is a fallback path when Microsoft Visual Studio version 2008 and earlier versions are detected at compile time.

If the `VK_NO_STDDEF_H` macro is defined by the application at compile time, `size_t`, must also be defined by the application. Otherwise, the Vulkan headers will not compile. If `VK_NO_STDDEF_H` is not defined, the system `<stddef.h>` is used to define this type.

#### Vulkan Core API Header `vulkan_core.h`

Applications that do not make use of window system-specific extensions may simply include `vulkan_core.h` instead of `vulkan.h`, although there is usually no reason to do so. In addition to the Vulkan API, `vulkan_core.h` also defines a small number of C preprocessor macros that are described below.

##### Vulkan Header File Version Number

`VK_HEADER_VERSION` is the version number of the `vulkan_core.h` header. This value is kept synchronized with the patch version of the released Specification.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    // Version of this file
    #define VK_HEADER_VERSION 209

`VK_HEADER_VERSION_COMPLETE` is the complete version number of the `vulkan_core.h` header, comprising the major, minor, and patch versions. The major/minor values are kept synchronized with the complete version of the released Specification. This value is intended for use by automated tools to identify exactly which version of the header was used during their generation.

Applications should not use this value as their VkApplicationInfo::`apiVersion`. Instead applications should explicitly select a specific fixed major/minor API version using, for example, one of the `VK_API_VERSION_`*_* values.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    // Complete version of this file
    #define VK_HEADER_VERSION_COMPLETE VK_MAKE_API_VERSION(0, 1, 3, VK_HEADER_VERSION)

`VK_API_VERSION` is now commented out of `vulkan_core.h` and cannot be used.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    // DEPRECATED: This define has been removed. Specific version defines (e.g. VK_API_VERSION_1_0), or the VK_MAKE_VERSION macro, should be used instead.
    //#define VK_API_VERSION VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0) // Patch version should always be set to 0

##### Vulkan Handle Macros

`VK_DEFINE_HANDLE` defines a dispatchable handle type.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0

    #define VK_DEFINE_HANDLE(object) typedef struct object##_T* object;

- `object` is the name of the resulting C type.

The only dispatchable handle types are those related to device and instance management, such as VkDevice.

`VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE` defines a non-dispatchable handle type.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0

    #ifndef VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE
        #if (VK_USE_64_BIT_PTR_DEFINES==1)
            #define VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(object) typedef struct object##_T *object;
        #else
            #define VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE(object) typedef uint64_t object;
        #endif
    #endif

- `object` is the name of the resulting C type.

Most Vulkan handle types, such as VkBuffer, are non-dispatchable.

| Note The `vulkan_core.h` header allows the `VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE` and `VK_NULL_HANDLE` definitions to be overridden by the application. If `VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE` is already defined when `vulkan_core.h` is compiled, the default definitions for `VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE` and `VK_NULL_HANDLE` are skipped. This allows the application to define a binary-compatible custom handle which may provide more type-safety or other features needed by the application. Applications must not define handles in a way that is not binary compatible - where binary compatibility is platform dependent.

`VK_NULL_HANDLE` is a reserved value representing a non-valid object handle. It may be passed to and returned from Vulkan commands only when specifically allowed.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0

    #ifndef VK_DEFINE_NON_DISPATCHABLE_HANDLE
        #if (VK_USE_64_BIT_PTR_DEFINES==1)
            #if (defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L)) || (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && (_MSVC_LANG >= 201103L))
                #define VK_NULL_HANDLE nullptr
            #else
                #define VK_NULL_HANDLE ((void*)0)
            #endif
        #else
            #define VK_NULL_HANDLE 0ULL
        #endif
    #endif
    #ifndef VK_NULL_HANDLE
        #define VK_NULL_HANDLE 0
    #endif

`VK_USE_64_BIT_PTR_DEFINES` defines whether the default non-dispatchable handles are declared using either a 64-bit pointer type or a 64-bit unsigned integer type.

`VK_USE_64_BIT_PTR_DEFINES` is set to '1' to use a 64-bit pointer type or any other value to use a 64-bit unsigned integer type.

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0

    #ifndef VK_USE_64_BIT_PTR_DEFINES
        #if defined(__LP64__) || defined(_WIN64) || (defined(__x86_64__) && !defined(__ILP32__) ) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__ia64) || defined (_M_IA64) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
            #define VK_USE_64_BIT_PTR_DEFINES 1
        #else
            #define VK_USE_64_BIT_PTR_DEFINES 0
        #endif
    #endif

| Note The `vulkan_core.h` header allows the `VK_USE_64_BIT_PTR_DEFINES` definition to be overridden by the application. This allows the application to select either a 64-bit pointer type or a 64-bit unsigned integer type for non-dispatchable handles in the case where the predefined preprocessor check does not identify the desired configuration.

### Window System-Specific Header Control (Informative)

To use a Vulkan extension supporting a platform-specific window system, header files for that window systems must be included at compile time, or platform-specific types must be forward-declared. The Vulkan header files cannot determine whether or not an external header is available at compile time, so platform-specific extensions are provided in separate headers from the core API and platform-independent extensions, allowing applications to decide which ones should be defined and how the external headers are included.

Extensions dependent on particular sets of platform headers, or that forward-declare platform-specific types, are declared in a header named for that platform. Before including these platform-specific Vulkan headers, applications must include both `vulkan_core.h` and any external native headers the platform extensions depend on.

As a convenience for applications that do not need the flexibility of separate platform-specific Vulkan headers, `vulkan.h` includes `vulkan_core.h`, and then conditionally includes platform-specific Vulkan headers and the external headers they depend on. Applications control which platform-specific headers are included by #defining macros before including `vulkan.h`.

The correspondence between platform-specific extensions, external headers they require, the platform-specific header which declares them, and the preprocessor macros which enable inclusion by `vulkan.h` are shown in the following table.

Table 72. Window System Extensions and Headers
Extension Name | Window System Name | Platform-specific Header | Required External Headers | Controlling `vulkan.h` Macro
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
``VK_KHR_android_surface`` | Android | `vulkan_android.h` | None | `VK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR`
``VK_KHR_wayland_surface`` | Wayland | `vulkan_wayland.h` | `<wayland-client.h>` | `VK_USE_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR`
``VK_KHR_win32_surface``, ``VK_KHR_external_memory_win32``, ``VK_KHR_win32_keyed_mutex``, ``VK_KHR_external_semaphore_win32``, ``VK_KHR_external_fence_win32``, | Microsoft Windows | `vulkan_win32.h` | `<windows.h>` | `VK_USE_PLATFORM_WIN32_KHR`
``VK_KHR_xcb_surface`` | X11 Xcb | `vulkan_xcb.h` | `<xcb/xcb.h>` | `VK_USE_PLATFORM_XCB_KHR`
``VK_KHR_xlib_surface`` | X11 Xlib | `vulkan_xlib.h` | `<X11/Xlib.h>` | `VK_USE_PLATFORM_XLIB_KHR`

| Note This section describes the purpose of the headers independently of the specific underlying functionality of the window system extensions themselves. Each extension name will only link to a description of that extension when viewing a specification built with that extension included.

### Provisional Extension Header Control (Informative)

Provisional extensions should not be used in production applications. The functionality defined by such extensions may change in ways that break backwards compatibility between revisions, and before final release of a non-provisional version of that extension.

Provisional extensions are defined in a separate provisional header, `vulkan_beta.h`, allowing applications to decide whether or not to include them. The mechanism is similar to window system-specific headers: before including `vulkan_beta.h`, applications must include `vulkan_core.h`.

| Note Sometimes a provisional extension will include a subset of its interfaces in `vulkan_core.h`. This may occur if the provisional extension is promoted from an existing vendor or EXT extension and some of the existing interfaces are defined as aliases of the provisional extension interfaces. All other interfaces of that provisional extension which are not aliased will be included in `vulkan_beta.h`.

As a convenience for applications, `vulkan.h` conditionally includes `vulkan_beta.h`. Applications can control inclusion of `vulkan_beta.h` by #defining the macro `VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS` before including `vulkan.h`.

| Note Starting in version 1.2.171 of the Specification, all provisional enumerants are protected by the macro `VK_ENABLE_BETA_EXTENSIONS`. Applications needing to use provisional extensions must always define this macro, even if they are explicitly including `vulkan_beta.h`. This is a minor change to behavior, affecting only provisional extensions.

| Note This section describes the purpose of the provisional header independently of the specific provisional extensions which are contained in that header at any given time. The extension appendices for provisional extensions note their provisional status, and link back to this section for more information. Provisional extensions are intended to provide early access for bleeding-edge developers, with the understanding that extension interfaces may change in response to developer feedback. Provisional extensions are very likely to eventually be updated and released as non-provisional extensions, but there is no guarantee this will happen, or how long it will take if it does happen.

## Appendix H: Invariance

The Vulkan specification is not pixel exact. It therefore does not guarantee an exact match between images produced by different Vulkan implementations. However, the specification does specify exact matches, in some cases, for images produced by the same implementation. The purpose of this appendix is to identify and provide justification for those cases that require exact matches.

### Repeatability

The obvious and most fundamental case is repeated issuance of a series of Vulkan commands. For any given Vulkan and framebuffer state vector, and for any Vulkan command, the resulting Vulkan and framebuffer state must be identical whenever the command is executed on that initial Vulkan and framebuffer state. This repeatability requirement does not apply when using shaders containing side effects (image and buffer variable stores and atomic operations), because these memory operations are not guaranteed to be processed in a defined order.

One purpose of repeatability is avoidance of visual artifacts when a double-buffered scene is redrawn. If rendering is not repeatable, swapping between two buffers rendered with the same command sequence may result in visible changes in the image. Such false motion is distracting to the viewer. Another reason for repeatability is testability.

Repeatability, while important, is a weak requirement. Given only repeatability as a requirement, two scenes rendered with one (small) polygon changed in position might differ at every pixel. Such a difference, while within the law of repeatability, is certainly not within its spirit. Additional invariance rules are desirable to ensure useful operation.

### Multi-pass Algorithms

Invariance is necessary for a whole set of useful multi-pass algorithms. Such algorithms render multiple times, each time with a different Vulkan mode vector, to eventually produce a result in the framebuffer. Examples of these algorithms include:

- “Erasing” a primitive from the framebuffer by redrawing it, either in a different color or using the XOR logical operation.

- Using stencil operations to compute capping planes.

### Invariance Rules

For a given Vulkan device:

Rule 1 For any given Vulkan and framebuffer state vector, and for any given Vulkan command, the resulting Vulkan and framebuffer state must be identical each time the command is executed on that initial Vulkan and framebuffer state.

Rule 2 Changes to the following state values have no side effects (the use of any other state value is not affected by the change):

Required:

- Color and depth/stencil attachment contents

- Scissor parameters (other than enable)

- Write masks (color, depth, stencil)

- Clear values (color, depth, stencil)

Strongly suggested:

- Stencil parameters (other than enable)

- Depth test parameters (other than enable)

- Blend parameters (other than enable)

- Logical operation parameters (other than enable)

Corollary 1 Fragment generation is invariant with respect to the state values listed in Rule 2.

Rule 3 The arithmetic of each per-fragment operation is invariant except with respect to parameters that directly control it.

Corollary 2 Images rendered into different color attachments of the same framebuffer, either simultaneously or separately using the same command sequence, are pixel identical.

Rule 4 Identical pipelines will produce the same result when run multiple times with the same input. The wording “Identical pipelines” means VkPipeline objects that have been created with identical SPIR-V binaries and identical state, which are then used by commands executed using the same Vulkan state vector. Invariance is relaxed for shaders with side effects, such as performing stores or atomics.

Rule 5 All fragment shaders that either conditionally or unconditionally assign `FragCoord.z` to `FragDepth` are depth-invariant with respect to each other, for those fragments where the assignment to `FragDepth` actually is done.

If a sequence of Vulkan commands specifies primitives to be rendered with shaders containing side effects (image and buffer variable stores and atomic operations), invariance rules are relaxed. In particular, rule 1, corollary 2, and rule 4 do not apply in the presence of shader side effects.

The following weaker versions of rules 1 and 4 apply to Vulkan commands involving shader side effects:

Rule 6 For any given Vulkan and framebuffer state vector, and for any given Vulkan command, the contents of any framebuffer state not directly or indirectly affected by results of shader image or buffer variable stores or atomic operations must be identical each time the command is executed on that initial Vulkan and framebuffer state.

Rule 7 Identical pipelines will produce the same result when run multiple times with the same input as long as:

- shader invocations do not use image atomic operations;

- no framebuffer memory is written to more than once by image stores, unless all such stores write the same value; and

- no shader invocation, or other operation performed to process the sequence of commands, reads memory written to by an image store.

| Note The OpenGL specification has the following invariance rule: Consider a primitive p' obtained by translating a primitive p through an offset (x, y) in window coordinates, where x and y are integers. As long as neither p' nor p is clipped, it must be the case that each fragment f' produced from p' is identical to a corresponding fragment f from p except that the center of f' is offset by (x, y) from the center of f. This rule does not apply to Vulkan and is an intentional difference from OpenGL.

When any sequence of Vulkan commands triggers shader invocations that perform image stores or atomic operations, and subsequent Vulkan commands read the memory written by those shader invocations, these operations must be explicitly synchronized.

### Tessellation Invariance

When using a pipeline containing tessellation evaluation shaders, the fixed-function tessellation primitive generator consumes the input patch specified by an application and emits a new set of primitives. The following invariance rules are intended to provide repeatability guarantees. Additionally, they are intended to allow an application with a carefully crafted tessellation evaluation shader to ensure that the sets of triangles generated for two adjacent patches have identical vertices along shared patch edges, avoiding “cracks” caused by minor differences in the positions of vertices along shared edges.

Rule 1 When processing two patches with identical outer and inner tessellation levels, the tessellation primitive generator will emit an identical set of point, line, or triangle primitives as long as the pipeline used to process the patch primitives has tessellation evaluation shaders specifying the same tessellation mode, spacing, vertex order, and point mode decorations. Two sets of primitives are considered identical if and only if they contain the same number and type of primitives and the generated tessellation coordinates for the vertex numbered m of the primitive numbered n are identical for all values of m and n.

Rule 2 The set of vertices generated along the outer edge of the subdivided primitive in triangle and quad tessellation, and the tessellation coordinates of each, depend only on the corresponding outer tessellation level and the spacing decorations in the tessellation shaders of the pipeline.

Rule 3 The set of vertices generated when subdividing any outer primitive edge is always symmetric. For triangle tessellation, if the subdivision generates a vertex with tessellation coordinates of the form (0, x, 1-x), (x, 0, 1-x), or (x, 1-x, 0), it will also generate a vertex with coordinates of exactly (0, 1-x, x), (1-x, 0, x), or (1-x, x, 0), respectively. For quad tessellation, if the subdivision generates a vertex with coordinates of (x, 0) or (0, x), it will also generate a vertex with coordinates of exactly (1-x, 0) or (0, 1-x), respectively. For isoline tessellation, if it generates vertices at (0, x) and (1, x) where x is not zero, it will also generate vertices at exactly (0, 1-x) and (1, 1-x), respectively.

Rule 4 The set of vertices generated when subdividing outer edges in triangular and quad tessellation must be independent of the specific edge subdivided, given identical outer tessellation levels and spacing. For example, if vertices at (x, 1 - x, 0) and (1-x, x, 0) are generated when subdividing the w = 0 edge in triangular tessellation, vertices must be generated at (x, 0, 1-x) and (1-x, 0, x) when subdividing an otherwise identical v = 0 edge. For quad tessellation, if vertices at (x, 0) and (1-x, 0) are generated when subdividing the v = 0 edge, vertices must be generated at (0, x) and (0, 1-x) when subdividing an otherwise identical u = 0 edge.

Rule 5 When processing two patches that are identical in all respects enumerated in rule 1 except for vertex order, the set of triangles generated for triangle and quad tessellation must be identical except for vertex and triangle order. For each triangle n1 produced by processing the first patch, there must be a triangle n2 produced when processing the second patch each of whose vertices has the same tessellation coordinates as one of the vertices in n1.

Rule 6 When processing two patches that are identical in all respects enumerated in rule 1 other than matching outer tessellation levels and/or vertex order, the set of interior triangles generated for triangle and quad tessellation must be identical in all respects except for vertex and triangle order. For each interior triangle n1 produced by processing the first patch, there must be a triangle n2 produced when processing the second patch each of whose vertices has the same tessellation coordinates as one of the vertices in n1. A triangle produced by the tessellator is considered an interior triangle if none of its vertices lie on an outer edge of the subdivided primitive.

Rule 7 For quad and triangle tessellation, the set of triangles connecting an inner and outer edge depends only on the inner and outer tessellation levels corresponding to that edge and the spacing decorations.

Rule 8 The value of all defined components of `TessCoord` will be in the range [0, 1]. Additionally, for any defined component x of `TessCoord`, the results of computing 1.0-x in a tessellation evaluation shader will be exact. If any floating-point values in the range [0, 1] fail to satisfy this property, such values must not be used as tessellation coordinate components.

## Appendix I: Lexicon

This appendix defines terms, abbreviations, and API prefixes used in the Specification.

### Glossary

The terms defined in this section are used consistently throughout the Specification and may be used with or without capitalization.

Accessible (Descriptor Binding)

  A descriptor binding is accessible to a shader stage if that stage is included in the `stageFlags` of the descriptor binding. Descriptors using that binding can only be used by stages in which they are accessible.

Acquire Operation (Resource)

  An operation that acquires ownership of an image subresource or buffer range.

Adjacent Vertex

  A vertex in an adjacency primitive topology that is not part of a given primitive, but is accessible in geometry shaders.

Alias (API type/command)

  An identical definition of another API type/command with the same behavior but a different name.

Aliased Range (Memory)

  A range of a device memory allocation that is bound to multiple resources simultaneously.

Allocation Scope

  An association of a host memory allocation to a parent object or command, where the allocation’s lifetime ends before or at the same time as the parent object is freed or destroyed, or during the parent command.

Aspect (Image)

  An image may contain multiple kinds, or aspects, of data for each pixel, where each aspect is used in a particular way by the pipeline and may be stored differently or separately from other aspects. For example, the color components of an image format make up the color aspect of the image, and may be used as a framebuffer color attachment. Some operations, like depth testing, operate only on specific aspects of an image.

Attachment (Render Pass)

  A zero-based integer index name used in render pass creation to refer to a framebuffer attachment that is accessed by one or more subpasses. The index also refers to an attachment description which includes information about the properties of the image view that will later be attached.

Availability Operation

  An operation that causes the values generated by specified memory write accesses to become available for future access.

Available

  A state of values written to memory that allows them to be made visible.

Back-Facing

  See Facingness.

Batch

  A single structure submitted to a queue as part of a queue submission command, describing a set of queue operations to execute.

Backwards Compatibility

  A given version of the API is backwards compatible with an earlier version if an application, relying only on valid behavior and functionality defined by the earlier specification, is able to correctly run against each version without any modification. This assumes no active attempt by that application to not run when it detects a different version.

Binary Semaphore

  A semaphore with a boolean payload indicating whether the semaphore is signaled or unsignaled. Represented by a VkSemaphore object created with a semaphore type of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_BINARY` .

Binding (Memory)

  An association established between a range of a resource object and a range of a memory object. These associations determine the memory locations affected by operations performed on elements of a resource object. Memory bindings are established using the vkBindBufferMemory command for non-sparse buffer objects, using the vkBindImageMemory command for non-sparse image objects, and using the vkQueueBindSparse command for sparse resources.

Blend Constant

  Four floating point (RGBA) values used as an input to blending.

Blending

  Arithmetic operations between a fragment color value and a value in a color attachment that produce a final color value to be written to the attachment.

Buffer

  A resource that represents a linear array of data in device memory. Represented by a VkBuffer object.

Buffer Device Address

  A 64-bit value used in a shader to access buffer memory through the `PhysicalStorageBuffer` storage class.

Buffer View

  An object that represents a range of a specific buffer, and state controlling how the contents are interpreted. Represented by a VkBufferView object.

Built-In Variable

  A variable decorated in a shader, where the decoration makes the variable take values provided by the execution environment or values that are generated by fixed-function pipeline stages.

Built-In Interface Block

  A block defined in a shader containing only variables decorated with built-in decorations, and is used to match against other shader stages.

Clip Coordinates

  The homogeneous coordinate space that vertex positions (`Position` decoration) are written in by pre-rasterization shader stages.

Clip Distance

  A built-in output from pre-rasterization shader stages defining a clip half-space against which the primitive is clipped.

Clip Volume

  The intersection of the view volume with all clip half-spaces.

Color Attachment

  A subpass attachment point, or image view, that is the target of fragment color outputs and blending.

Color Renderable Format

  A VkFormat where `VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT` is set in one of the following, depending on the image’s tiling:

  - VkFormatProperties::`linearTilingFeatures`

  - VkFormatProperties::`optimalTilingFeatures`

Combined Image Sampler

  A descriptor type that includes both a sampled image and a sampler.

Command Buffer

  An object that records commands to be submitted to a queue. Represented by a VkCommandBuffer object.

Command Pool

  An object that command buffer memory is allocated from, and that owns that memory. Command pools aid multithreaded performance by enabling different threads to use different allocators, without internal synchronization on each use. Represented by a VkCommandPool object.

Compatible Allocator

  When allocators are compatible, allocations from each allocator can be freed by the other allocator.

Compatible Image Formats

  When formats are compatible, images created with one of the formats can have image views created from it using any of the compatible formats. Also see Size-Compatible Image Formats.

Compatible Queues

  Queues within a queue family. Compatible queues have identical properties.

Complete Mipmap Chain

  The entire set of miplevels that can be provided for an image, from the largest application specified miplevel size down to the minimum miplevel size. See Image Miplevel Sizing.

Component (Format)

  A distinct part of a format. Color components are represented with `R`, `G`, `B`, and `A`. Depth and stencil components are represented with `D` and `S`. Formats can have multiple instances of the same component. Some formats have other notations such as `E` or `X` which are not considered a component of the format.

Compressed Texel Block

  An element of an image having a block-compressed format, comprising a rectangular block of texel values that are encoded as a single value in memory. Compressed texel blocks of a particular block-compressed format have a corresponding width, height, and depth defining the dimensions of these elements in units of texels, and a size in bytes of the encoding in memory.

Constant Integral Expressions

  A SPIR-V constant instruction whose type is `OpTypeInt`. See Constant Instruction in section 2.2.1 “Instructions” of the Khronos SPIR-V Specification.

Coverage Index

  The index of a sample in the coverage mask.

Coverage Mask

  A bitfield associated with a fragment representing the samples that were determined to be covered based on the result of rasterization, and then subsequently modified by fragment operations or the fragment shader.

Cull Distance

  A built-in output from pre-rasterization shader stages defining a cull half-space where the primitive is rejected if all vertices have a negative value for the same cull distance.

Cull Volume

  The intersection of the view volume with all cull half-spaces.

Decoration (SPIR-V)

  Auxiliary information such as built-in variables, stream numbers, invariance, interpolation type, relaxed precision, etc., added to variables or structure-type members through decorations.

Deprecated (feature)

  A feature is deprecated if it is no longer recommended as the correct or best way to achieve its intended purpose.

Depth/Stencil Attachment

  A subpass attachment point, or image view, that is the target of depth and/or stencil test operations and writes.

Depth/Stencil Format

  A VkFormat that includes depth and/or stencil components.

Depth/Stencil Image (or ImageView)

  A VkImage (or VkImageView) with a depth/stencil format.

Depth/Stencil Resolve Attachment

  A subpass attachment point, or image view, that is the target of a multisample resolve operation from the corresponding depth/stencil attachment at the end of the subpass.

Derivative Group

  A set of fragment shader invocations that cooperate to compute derivatives, including implicit derivatives for sampled image operations.

Descriptor

  Information about a resource or resource view written into a descriptor set that is used to access the resource or view from a shader.

Descriptor Binding

  An entry in a descriptor set layout corresponding to zero or more descriptors of a single descriptor type in a set. Defined by a VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding structure.

Descriptor Pool

  An object that descriptor sets are allocated from, and that owns the storage of those descriptor sets. Descriptor pools aid multithreaded performance by enabling different threads to use different allocators, without internal synchronization on each use. Represented by a VkDescriptorPool object.

Descriptor Set

  An object that resource descriptors are written into via the API, and that can be bound to a command buffer such that the descriptors contained within it can be accessed from shaders. Represented by a VkDescriptorSet object.

Descriptor Set Layout

  An object defining the set of resources (types and counts) and their relative arrangement (in the binding namespace) within a descriptor set. Used when allocating descriptor sets and when creating pipeline layouts. Represented by a VkDescriptorSetLayout object.

Device

  The processor(s) and execution environment that perform tasks requested by the application via the Vulkan API.

Device Group

  A set of physical devices that support accessing each other’s memory and recording a single command buffer that can be executed on all the physical devices.

Device Index

  A zero-based integer that identifies one physical device from a logical device. A device index is valid if it is less than the number of physical devices in the logical device.

Device Mask

  A bitmask where each bit represents one device index. A device mask value is valid if every bit that is set in the mask is at a bit position that is less than the number of physical devices in the logical device.

Device Memory

  Memory accessible to the device. Represented by a VkDeviceMemory object.

Device-Level Command

  Any command that is dispatched from a logical device, or from a child object of a logical device.

Device-Level Functionality

  All device-level commands and objects, and their structures, enumerated types, and enumerants.

Device-Level Object

  Logical device objects and their child objects. For example, VkDevice, VkQueue, and VkCommandBuffer objects are device-level objects.

Device-Local Memory

  Memory that is connected to the device, and may be more performant for device access than host-local memory.

Direct Drawing Commands

  Drawing commands that take all their parameters as direct arguments to the command (and not sourced via structures in buffer memory as the indirect drawing commands). Includes vkCmdDraw, and vkCmdDrawIndexed.

Disjoint

  Disjoint planes are image planes to which memory is bound independently.
  A disjoint image consists of multiple disjoint planes, and is created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` bit set.

Dispatchable Command

  A non-global command. The first argument to each dispatchable command is a dispatchable handle type.

Dispatchable Handle

  A handle of a pointer handle type which may be used by layers as part of intercepting API commands.

Dispatching Commands

  Commands that provoke work using a compute pipeline. Includes vkCmdDispatch and vkCmdDispatchIndirect.

Drawing Commands

  Commands that provoke work using a graphics pipeline. Includes vkCmdDraw, vkCmdDrawIndexed, vkCmdDrawIndirectCount, vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount, vkCmdDrawIndirect, and vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect.

Duration (Command)

  The duration of a Vulkan command refers to the interval between calling the command and its return to the caller.

Dynamic Storage Buffer

  A storage buffer whose offset is specified each time the storage buffer is bound to a command buffer via a descriptor set.

Dynamic Uniform Buffer

  A uniform buffer whose offset is specified each time the uniform buffer is bound to a command buffer via a descriptor set.

Dynamically Uniform

  See Dynamically Uniform in section 2.2 “Terms” of the Khronos SPIR-V Specification.

Element

  Arrays are composed of multiple elements, where each element exists at a unique index within that array. Used primarily to describe data passed to or returned from the Vulkan API.

Explicitly-Enabled Layer

  A layer enabled by the application by adding it to the enabled layer list in vkCreateInstance or vkCreateDevice.

Event

  A synchronization primitive that is signaled when execution of previous commands completes through a specified set of pipeline stages. Events can be waited on by the device and polled by the host. Represented by a VkEvent object.

Executable State (Command Buffer)

  A command buffer that has ended recording commands and can be executed. See also Initial State and Recording State.

Execution Dependency

  A dependency that guarantees that certain pipeline stages’ work for a first set of commands has completed execution before certain pipeline stages’ work for a second set of commands begins execution. This is accomplished via pipeline barriers, subpass dependencies, events, or implicit ordering operations.

Execution Dependency Chain

  A sequence of execution dependencies that transitively act as a single execution dependency.

Explicit chroma reconstruction

  An implementation of sampler Y′CBCR conversion which reconstructs reduced-resolution chroma samples to luma resolution and then separately performs texture sample interpolation. This is distinct from an implicit implementation, which incorporates chroma sample reconstruction into texture sample interpolation.

Extension Scope

  The set of objects and commands that can be affected by an extension. Extensions are either device scope or instance scope.

Extending Structure

  A structure type which may appear in the `pNext` chain of another structure, extending the functionality of the other structure. Extending structures may be defined by either core API versions or extensions.

External Handle

  A resource handle which has meaning outside of a specific Vulkan device or its parent instance. External handles may be used to share resources between multiple Vulkan devices in different instances, or between Vulkan and other APIs. Some external handle types correspond to platform-defined handles, in which case the resource may outlive any particular Vulkan device or instance and may be transferred between processes, or otherwise manipulated via functionality defined by the platform for that handle type.

External synchronization

  A type of synchronization required of the application, where parameters defined to be externally synchronized must not be used simultaneously in multiple threads.

Facingness (Polygon)

  A classification of a polygon as either front-facing or back-facing, depending on the orientation (winding order) of its vertices.

Facingness (Fragment)

  A fragment is either front-facing or back-facing, depending on the primitive it was generated from. If the primitive was a polygon (regardless of polygon mode), the fragment inherits the facingness of the polygon. All other fragments are front-facing.

Fence

  A synchronization primitive that is signaled when a set of batches or sparse binding operations complete execution on a queue. Fences can be waited on by the host. Represented by a VkFence object.

Flat Shading

  A property of a vertex attribute that causes the value from a single vertex (the provoking vertex) to be used for all vertices in a primitive, and for interpolation of that attribute to return that single value unaltered.

Format Features

  A set of features from VkFormatFeatureFlagBits that a VkFormat is capable of using for various commands. The list is determined by factors such as VkImageTiling.

Fragment

  A rectangular framebuffer region with associated data produced by rasterization and processed by fragment operations including the fragment shader.

Fragment Area

  The width and height, in pixels, of a fragment.

Fragment Input Attachment Interface

  Variables with `UniformConstant` storage class and a decoration of `InputAttachmentIndex` that are statically used by a fragment shader’s entry point, which receive values from input attachments.

Fragment Output Interface

  A fragment shader entry point’s variables with `Output` storage class, which output to color and/or depth/stencil attachments.

Framebuffer

  A collection of image views and a set of dimensions that, in conjunction with a render pass, define the inputs and outputs used by drawing commands. Represented by a VkFramebuffer object.

Framebuffer Attachment

  One of the image views used in a framebuffer.

Framebuffer Coordinates

  A coordinate system in which adjacent pixels’ coordinates differ by 1 in x and/or y, with (0,0) in the upper left corner and pixel centers at half-integers.

Framebuffer-Space

  Operating with respect to framebuffer coordinates.

Framebuffer-Local

  A framebuffer-local dependency guarantees that only for a single framebuffer region, the first set of operations happens-before the second set of operations.

Framebuffer-Global

  A framebuffer-global dependency guarantees that for all framebuffer regions, the first set of operations happens-before the second set of operations.

Framebuffer Region

  A framebuffer region is a set of sample (x, y, layer, sample) coordinates that is a subset of the entire framebuffer.

Front-Facing

  See Facingness.

Full Compatibility

  A given version of the API is fully compatible with another version if an application, relying only on valid behavior and functionality defined by either of those specifications, is able to correctly run against each version without any modification. This assumes no active attempt by that application to not run when it detects a different version.

Global Command

  A Vulkan command for which the first argument is not a dispatchable handle type.

Global Workgroup

  A collection of local workgroups dispatched by a single dispatching command.

Handle

  An opaque integer or pointer value used to refer to a Vulkan object. Each object type has a unique handle type.

Happen-after, happens-after

  A transitive, irreflexive and antisymmetric ordering relation between operations. An execution dependency with a source of A and a destination of B enforces that B happens-after A. The inverse relation of happens-before.

Happen-before, happens-before

  A transitive, irreflexive and antisymmetric ordering relation between operations. An execution dependency with a source of A and a destination of B enforces that A happens-before B. The inverse relation of happens-after.

Helper Invocation

  A fragment shader invocation that is created solely for the purposes of evaluating derivatives for use in non-helper fragment shader invocations, and which does not have side effects.

Host

  The processor(s) and execution environment that the application runs on, and that the Vulkan API is exposed on.

Host Mapped Device Memory

  Device memory that is mapped for host access using vkMapMemory.

Host Memory

  Memory not accessible to the device, used to store implementation data structures.

Host-Accessible Subresource

  A buffer, or a linear image subresource in either the `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED` or `VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL` layout. Host-accessible subresources have a well-defined addressing scheme which can be used by the host.

Host-Local Memory

  Memory that is not local to the device, and may be less performant for device access than device-local memory.

Host-Visible Memory

  Device memory that can be mapped on the host and can be read and written by the host.

Identically Defined Objects

  Objects of the same type where all arguments to their creation or allocation functions, with the exception of `pAllocator`, are

  1. Vulkan handles which refer to the same object or

  2. identical scalar or enumeration values or

  3. Host pointers which point to an array of values or structures which also satisfy these three constraints.

Image

  A resource that represents a multi-dimensional formatted interpretation of device memory. Represented by a VkImage object.

Image Subresource

  A specific mipmap level, layer, and set of aspects of an image.

Image Subresource Range

  A set of image subresources that are contiguous mipmap levels and layers.

Image View

  An object that represents an image subresource range of a specific image, and state controlling how the contents are interpreted. Represented by a VkImageView object.

Immutable Sampler

  A sampler descriptor provided at descriptor set layout creation time, and that is used for that binding in all descriptor sets allocated from the layout, and cannot be changed.

Implicit chroma reconstruction

  An implementation of sampler Y′CBCR conversion which reconstructs the reduced-resolution chroma samples directly at the sample point, as part of the normal texture sampling operation. This is distinct from an explicit chroma reconstruction implementation, which reconstructs the reduced-resolution chroma samples to the resolution of the luma samples, then filters the result as part of texture sample interpolation.

Implicitly-Enabled Layer

  A layer enabled by a loader-defined mechanism outside the Vulkan API, rather than explicitly by the application during instance or device creation.

Index Buffer

  A buffer bound via vkCmdBindIndexBuffer which is the source of index values used to fetch vertex attributes for a vkCmdDrawIndexed or vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect command.

Indexed Drawing Commands

  Drawing commands which use an index buffer as the source of index values used to fetch vertex attributes for a drawing command. Includes vkCmdDrawIndexed, vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount, and vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect.

Indirect Commands

  Drawing or dispatching commands that source some of their parameters from structures in buffer memory. Includes vkCmdDrawIndirect, vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect, vkCmdDrawIndirectCount, vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount, and vkCmdDispatchIndirect.

Indirect Drawing Commands

  Drawing commands that source some of their parameters from structures in buffer memory. Includes vkCmdDrawIndirect, vkCmdDrawIndirectCount, vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount, and vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect.

Initial State (Command Buffer)

  A command buffer that has not begun recording commands. See also Recording State and Executable State.

Inline Uniform Block

  A descriptor type that represents uniform data stored directly in descriptor sets, and supports read-only access in a shader.

Input Attachment

  A descriptor type that represents an image view, and supports unfiltered read-only access in a shader, only at the fragment’s location in the view.

Instance

  The top-level Vulkan object, which represents the application’s connection to the implementation. Represented by a VkInstance object.

Instance-Level Command

  Any command that is dispatched from an instance, or from a child object of an instance, except for physical devices and their children.

Instance-Level Functionality

  All instance-level commands and objects, and their structures, enumerated types, and enumerants.

Instance-Level Object

  High-level Vulkan objects, which are not physical devices, nor children of physical devices. For example, VkInstance is an instance-level object.

Instance (Memory)

  In a logical device representing more than one physical device, some device memory allocations have the requested amount of memory allocated multiple times, once for each physical device in a device mask. Each such replicated allocation is an instance of the device memory.

Instance (Resource)

  In a logical device representing more than one physical device, buffer and image resources exist on all physical devices but can be bound to memory differently on each. Each such replicated resource is an instance of the resource.

Internal Synchronization

  A type of synchronization required of the implementation, where parameters not defined to be externally synchronized may require internal mutexing to avoid multithreaded race conditions.

Invocation (Shader)

  A single execution of an entry point in a SPIR-V module. For example, a single vertex’s execution of a vertex shader or a single fragment’s execution of a fragment shader.

Invocation Group

  A set of shader invocations that are executed in parallel and that must execute the same control flow path in order for control flow to be considered dynamically uniform.

Linear Resource

  A resource is linear if it is one of the following:

  - a VkBuffer

  - a VkImage created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR`

  A resource is non-linear if it is one of the following:

  - a VkImage created with `VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL`

Local Workgroup

  A collection of compute shader invocations invoked by a single dispatching command, which share data via `WorkgroupLocal` variables and can synchronize with each other.

Logical Device

  An object that represents the application’s interface to the physical device. The logical device is the parent of most Vulkan objects. Represented by a VkDevice object.

Logical Operation

  Bitwise operations between a fragment color value and a value in a color attachment, that produce a final color value to be written to the attachment.

Lost Device

  A state that a logical device may be in as a result of unrecoverable implementation errors, or other exceptional conditions.

Mappable

  See Host-Visible Memory.

Memory Dependency

  A memory dependency is an execution dependency which includes availability and visibility operations such that:

  - The first set of operations happens-before the availability operation

  - The availability operation happens-before the visibility operation

  - The visibility operation happens-before the second set of operations

Memory Domain

  A memory domain is an abstract place to which memory writes are made available by availability operations and memory domain operations. The memory domains correspond to the set of agents that the write can then be made visible to. The memory domains are host, device, shader, workgroup instance (for workgroup instance there is a unique domain for each compute workgroup) and subgroup instance (for subgroup instance there is a unique domain for each subgroup).

Memory Domain Operation

  An operation that makes the writes that are available to one memory domain available to another memory domain.

Memory Heap

  A region of memory from which device memory allocations can be made.

Memory Type

  An index used to select a set of memory properties (e.g. mappable, cached) for a device memory allocation.

Minimum Miplevel Size

  The smallest size that is permitted for a miplevel. For conventional images this is 1x1x1. See Image Miplevel Sizing.

Mip Tail Region

  The set of mipmap levels of a sparse residency texture that are too small to fill a sparse block, and that must all be bound to memory collectively and opaquely.

Multi-planar

  A multi-planar format (or “planar format”) is an image format consisting of more than one plane, identifiable with a `_2PLANE` or `_3PLANE` component to the format name and listed in Formats requiring sampler Y′CBCR conversion for `VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT` image views. A multi-planar image (or “planar image”) is an image of a multi-planar format.

Non-Dispatchable Handle

  A handle of an integer handle type. Handle values may not be unique, even for two objects of the same type.

Non-Indexed Drawing Commands

  Drawing commands for which the vertex attributes are sourced in linear order from the vertex input attributes for a drawing command (i.e. they do not use an index buffer). Includes vkCmdDraw, vkCmdDrawIndirectCount, and vkCmdDrawIndirect.

Normalized

  A value that is interpreted as being in the range [0,1] as a result of being implicitly divided by some other value.

Normalized Device Coordinates

  A coordinate space after perspective division is applied to clip coordinates, and before the viewport transformation converts to framebuffer coordinates.

Obsoleted (feature)

  A feature is obsolete if it can no longer be used.

Opaque Capture Address

  A 64-bit value representing the device address of a buffer or memory object that is expected to be used by trace capture/replay tools in combination with the bufferDeviceAddress feature.

Overlapped Range (Aliased Range)

  The aliased range of a device memory allocation that intersects a given image subresource of an image or range of a buffer.

Ownership (Resource)

  If an entity (e.g. a queue family) has ownership of a resource, access to that resource is well-defined for access by that entity.

Packed Format

  A format whose components are stored as a single texel block in memory, with their relative locations defined within that element.

Payload

  Importable or exportable reference to the internal data of an object in Vulkan.

Peer Memory

  An instance of memory corresponding to a different physical device than the physical device performing the memory access, in a logical device that represents multiple physical devices.

Physical Device

  An object that represents a single device in the system. Represented by a VkPhysicalDevice object.

Physical-Device-Level Command

  Any command that is dispatched from a physical device.

Physical-Device-Level Functionality

  All physical-device-level commands and objects, and their structures, enumerated types, and enumerants.

Physical-Device-Level Object

  Physical device objects. For example, VkPhysicalDevice is a physical-device-level object.

Pipeline

  An object controlling how graphics or compute work is executed on the device. A pipeline includes one or more shaders, as well as state controlling any non-programmable stages of the pipeline. Represented by a VkPipeline object.

Pipeline Barrier

  An execution and/or memory dependency recorded as an explicit command in a command buffer, that forms a dependency between the previous and subsequent commands.

Pipeline Cache

  An object that can be used to collect and retrieve information from pipelines as they are created, and can be populated with previously retrieved information in order to accelerate pipeline creation. Represented by a VkPipelineCache object.

Pipeline Layout

  An object defining the set of resources (via a collection of descriptor set layouts) and push constants used by pipelines that are created using the layout. Used when creating a pipeline and when binding descriptor sets and setting push constant values. Represented by a VkPipelineLayout object.

Pipeline Stage

  A logically independent execution unit that performs some of the operations defined by an action command.

`pNext` Chain

  A set of structures chained together through their `pNext` members.

Planar

  See multi-planar.

Plane

  An image plane is part of the representation of an image, containing a subset of the color components required to represent the texels in the image and with a contiguous mapping of coordinates to bound memory. Most images consist only of a single plane, but some formats spread the components across multiple image planes. The host-accessible properties of each image plane are accessed in a linear layout using vkGetImageSubresourceLayout. If a multi-planar image is created with the `VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT` bit set, the image is described as disjoint, and its planes are therefore bound to memory independently.

Point Sampling (Rasterization)

  A rule that determines whether a fragment sample location is covered by a polygon primitive by testing whether the sample location is in the interior of the polygon in framebuffer-space, or on the boundary of the polygon according to the tie-breaking rules.

Potential Format Features

  The union of all VkFormatFeatureFlagBits that the implementation supports for a specified VkFormat, over all supported image tilings.

Pre-rasterization

  Operations that execute before rasterization, and any state associated with those operations.

Preserve Attachment

  One of a list of attachments in a subpass description that is not read or written by the subpass, but that is read or written on earlier and later subpasses and whose contents must be preserved through this subpass.

Primary Command Buffer

  A command buffer that can execute secondary command buffers, and can be submitted directly to a queue.

Primitive Topology

  State controlling how vertices are assembled into primitives, e.g. as lists of triangles, strips of lines, etc..

Promoted (feature)

  A feature from an older extension is considered promoted if it is made available as part of a new core version or newer extension with wider support.

Protected Buffer

  A buffer to which protected device memory can be bound.

Protected-capable Device Queue

  A device queue to which protected command buffers can be submitted.

Protected Command Buffer

  A command buffer which can be submitted to a protected-capable device queue.

Protected Device Memory

  Device memory which can be visible to the device but must not be visible to the host.

Protected Image

  An image to which protected device memory can be bound.

Provisional

  A feature is released provisionally in order to get wider feedback on the functionality before it is finalized. Provisional features may change in ways that break backwards compatibility, and thus are not recommended for use in production applications.

Provoking Vertex

  The vertex in a primitive from which flat shaded attribute values are taken. This is generally the “first” vertex in the primitive, and depends on the primitive topology.

Push Constants

  A small bank of values writable via the API and accessible in shaders. Push constants allow the application to set values used in shaders without creating buffers or modifying and binding descriptor sets for each update.

Push Constant Interface

  The set of variables with `PushConstant` storage class that are statically used by a shader entry point, and which receive values from push constant commands.

Descriptor Update Template

  An object specifying a mapping from descriptor update information in host memory to elements in a descriptor set, which helps enable more efficient descriptor set updates.

Query Pool

  An object containing a number of query entries and their associated state and results. Represented by a VkQueryPool object.

Queue

  An object that executes command buffers and sparse binding operations on a device. Represented by a VkQueue object.

Queue Family

  A set of queues that have common properties and support the same functionality, as advertised in VkQueueFamilyProperties.

Queue Operation

  A unit of work to be executed by a specific queue on a device, submitted via a queue submission command. Each queue submission command details the specific queue operations that occur as a result of calling that command. Queue operations typically include work that is specific to each command, and synchronization tasks.

Queue Submission

  Zero or more batches and an optional fence to be signaled, passed to a command for execution on a queue. See the Devices and Queues chapter for more information.

Recording State (Command Buffer)

  A command buffer that is ready to record commands. See also Initial State and Executable State.

Release Operation (Resource)

  An operation that releases ownership of an image subresource or buffer range.

Render Pass

  An object that represents a set of framebuffer attachments and phases of rendering using those attachments. Represented by a VkRenderPass object.

Render Pass Instance

  A use of a render pass in a command buffer.

Required Extensions

  Extensions that must be enabled alongside extensions dependent on them (see Extension Dependencies).

Reset (Command Buffer)

  Resetting a command buffer discards any previously recorded commands and puts a command buffer in the initial state.

Residency Code

  An integer value returned by sparse image instructions, indicating whether any sparse unbound texels were accessed.

Resolve Attachment

  A subpass attachment point, or image view, that is the target of a multisample resolve operation from the corresponding color attachment at the end of the subpass.

Sample Index

  The index of a sample within a single set of samples.

Sample Shading

  Invoking the fragment shader multiple times per fragment, with the covered samples partitioned among the invocations.

Sampled Image

  A descriptor type that represents an image view, and supports filtered (sampled) and unfiltered read-only access in a shader.

Sampler

  An object containing state controlling how sampled image data is sampled (or filtered) when accessed in a shader. Also a descriptor type describing the object. Represented by a VkSampler object.

Secondary Command Buffer

  A command buffer that can be executed by a primary command buffer, and must not be submitted directly to a queue.

Self-Dependency

  A subpass dependency from a subpass to itself, i.e. with `srcSubpass` equal to `dstSubpass`. A self-dependency is not automatically performed during a render pass instance, rather a subset of it can be performed via vkCmdPipelineBarrier during the subpass.

Semaphore

  A synchronization primitive that supports signal and wait operations, and can be used to synchronize operations within a queue or across queues. Represented by a VkSemaphore object.

Shader

  Instructions selected (via an entry point) from a shader module, which are executed in a shader stage.

Shader Code

  A stream of instructions used to describe the operation of a shader.

Shader Module

  A collection of shader code, potentially including several functions and entry points, that is used to create shaders in pipelines. Represented by a VkShaderModule object.

Shader Stage

  A stage of the graphics or compute pipeline that executes shader code.

Side Effect

  A store to memory or atomic operation on memory from a shader invocation.

Single-plane format

  A format that is not multi-planar.

Size-Compatible Image Formats

  When a compressed image format and an uncompressed image format are size-compatible, it means that the texel block size of the uncompressed format must equal the texel block size of the compressed format.

Sparse Block

  An element of a sparse resource that can be independently bound to memory. Sparse blocks of a particular sparse resource have a corresponding size in bytes that they use in the bound memory.

Sparse Image Block

  A sparse block in a sparse partially-resident image. In addition to the sparse block size in bytes, sparse image blocks have a corresponding width, height, and depth defining the dimensions of these elements in units of texels or compressed texel blocks, the latter being used in case of sparse images having a block-compressed format.

Sparse Unbound Texel

  A texel read from a region of a sparse texture that does not have memory bound to it.

Static Use

  An object in a shader is statically used by a shader entry point if any function in the entry point’s call tree contains an instruction using the object. Static use is used to constrain the set of descriptors used by a shader entry point.

Storage Buffer

  A descriptor type that represents a buffer, and supports reads, writes, and atomics in a shader.

Storage Image

  A descriptor type that represents an image view, and supports unfiltered loads, stores, and atomics in a shader.

Storage Texel Buffer

  A descriptor type that represents a buffer view, and supports unfiltered, formatted reads, writes, and atomics in a shader.

Subgroup

  A set of shader invocations that can synchronize and share data with each other efficiently. In compute shaders, the local workgroup is a superset of the subgroup.

Subgroup Mask

  A bitmask for all invocations in the current subgroup with one bit per invocation, starting with the least significant bit in the first vector component, continuing to the last bit (less than `SubgroupSize`) in the last required vector component.

Subpass

  A phase of rendering within a render pass, that reads and writes a subset of the attachments.

Subpass Dependency

  An execution and/or memory dependency between two subpasses described as part of render pass creation, and automatically performed between subpasses in a render pass instance. A subpass dependency limits the overlap of execution of the pair of subpasses, and can provide guarantees of memory coherence between accesses in the subpasses.

Subpass Description

  Lists of attachment indices for input attachments, color attachments, depth/stencil attachment, resolve attachments, depth/stencil resolve, and preserve attachments used by the subpass in a render pass.

Subset (Self-Dependency)

  A subset of a self-dependency is a pipeline barrier performed during the subpass of the self-dependency, and whose stage masks and access masks each contain a subset of the bits set in the identically named mask in the self-dependency.

Texel Block

  A single addressable element of an image with an uncompressed VkFormat, or a single compressed block of an image with a compressed VkFormat.

Texel Block Size

  The size (in bytes) used to store a texel block of a compressed or uncompressed image.

Texel Coordinate System

  One of three coordinate systems (normalized, unnormalized, integer) defining how texel coordinates are interpreted in an image or a specific mipmap level of an image.

Timeline Semaphore

  A semaphore with a strictly increasing 64-bit unsigned integer payload indicating whether the semaphore is signaled with respect to a particular reference value. Represented by a VkSemaphore object created with a semaphore type of `VK_SEMAPHORE_TYPE_TIMELINE`.

Uniform Texel Buffer

  A descriptor type that represents a buffer view, and supports unfiltered, formatted, read-only access in a shader.

Uniform Buffer

  A descriptor type that represents a buffer, and supports read-only access in a shader.

Units in the Last Place (ULP)

  A measure of floating-point error loosely defined as the smallest representable step in a floating-point format near a given value. For the precise definition see Precision and Operation of SPIR-V instructions or Jean-Michel Muller, “On the definition of ulp(x)”, RR-5504, INRIA. Other sources may also use the term “unit of least precision”.

Unnormalized

  A value that is interpreted according to its conventional interpretation, and is not normalized.

Unprotected Buffer

  A buffer to which unprotected device memory can be bound.

Unprotected Command Buffer

  A command buffer which can be submitted to an unprotected device queue or a protected-capable device queue.

Unprotected Device Memory

  Device memory which can be visible to the device and can be visible to the host.

Unprotected Image

  An image to which unprotected device memory can be bound.

User-Defined Variable Interface

  A shader entry point’s variables with `Input` or `Output` storage class that are not built-in variables.

Vertex Input Attribute

  A graphics pipeline resource that produces input values for the vertex shader by reading data from a vertex input binding and converting it to the attribute’s format.

Variable-Sized Descriptor Binding

  A descriptor binding whose size will be specified when a descriptor set is allocated using this layout.

Vertex Input Binding

  A graphics pipeline resource that is bound to a buffer and includes state that affects addressing calculations within that buffer.

Vertex Input Interface

  A vertex shader entry point’s variables with `Input` storage class, which receive values from vertex input attributes.

View Mask

  When multiview is enabled, a view mask is a property of a subpass controlling which views the rendering commands are broadcast to.

View Volume

  A subspace in homogeneous coordinates, corresponding to post-projection x and y values between -1 and +1, and z values between 0 and +1.

Viewport Transformation

  A transformation from normalized device coordinates to framebuffer coordinates, based on a viewport rectangle and depth range.

Visibility Operation

  An operation that causes available values to become visible to specified memory accesses.

Visible

  A state of values written to memory that allows them to be accessed by a set of operations.

### Common Abbreviations

The abbreviations and acronyms defined in this section are sometimes used in the Specification and the API where they are considered clear and commonplace.

Src

  Source

Dst

  Destination

Min

  Minimum

Max

  Maximum

Rect

  Rectangle

Info

  Information

LOD

  Level of Detail

ID

  Identifier

UUID

  Universally Unique Identifier

Op

  Operation

R

  Red color component

G

  Green color component

B

  Blue color component

A

  Alpha color component

RTZ

  Round towards zero

RTE

  Round to nearest even

### Prefixes

Prefixes are used in the API to denote specific semantic meaning of Vulkan names, or as a label to avoid name clashes, and are explained here:

VK/Vk/vk

  Vulkan namespace
  All types, commands, enumerants and defines in this specification are prefixed with these two characters.

PFN/pfn

  Function Pointer
  Denotes that a type is a function pointer, or that a variable is of a pointer type.

p

  Pointer
  Variable is a pointer.

vkCmd

  Commands that record commands in command buffers
  These API commands do not result in immediate processing on the device. Instead, they record the requested action in a command buffer for execution when the command buffer is submitted to a queue.

s

  Structure
  Used to denote the `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE*` member of each structure in `sType`

## Appendix J: Credits (Informative)

Vulkan 1.3 is the result of contributions from many people and companies participating in the Khronos Vulkan Working Group, as well as input from the Vulkan Advisory Panel.

Members of the Working Group, including the company that they represented at the time of their most recent contribution, are listed in the following section. Some specific contributions made by individuals are listed together with their name.

### Working Group Contributors to Vulkan

- Aaron Greig, Codeplay Software Ltd. (version 1.1)

- Aaron Hagan, AMD (version 1.1)

- Adam Jackson, Red Hat (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Adam Śmigielski, Mobica (version 1.0)

- Aditi Verma, Qualcomm (version 1.3)

- Ahmed Abdelkhalek, AMD (version 1.3)

- Aidan Fabius, Core Avionics & Industrial Inc. (version 1.2)

- Alan Baker, Google (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Alan Ward, Google (versions 1.1, 1.2)

- Alejandro Piñeiro, Igalia (version 1.1)

- Alex Bourd, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Alex Crabb, Caster Communications (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Alex Walters, Imagination Technologies (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Alexander Galazin, Arm (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Alexey Sachkov, Intel (version 1.3)

- Allan MacKinnon, Google (version 1.3)

- Allen Hux, Intel (version 1.0)

- Alon Or-bach, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) (WSI technical sub-group chair)

- Anastasia Stulova, Arm (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Andreas Vasilakis, Think Silicon (version 1.2)

- Andres Gomez, Igalia (version 1.1)

- Andrew Cox, Samsung Electronics (version 1.0)

- Andrew Ellem, Google (version 1.3)

- Andrew Garrard, Imagination Technologies (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) (format wrangler)

- Andrew Poole, Samsung Electronics (version 1.0)

- Andrew Rafter, Samsung Electronics (version 1.0)

- Andrew Richards, Codeplay Software Ltd. (version 1.0)

- Andrew Woloszyn, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Ann Thorsnes, Khronos (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Antoine Labour, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Aras Pranckevičius, Unity Technologies (version 1.0)

- Arseny Kapoulkine, Roblox (version 1.3)

- Ashwin Kolhe, NVIDIA (version 1.0)

- Baldur Karlsson, Valve Software (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Barthold Lichtenbelt, NVIDIA (version 1.1)

- Bas Nieuwenhuizen, Google (versions 1.1, 1.2)

- Ben Bowman, Imagination Technologies (version 1.0)

- Benj Lipchak, Unknown (version 1.0)

- Bill Hollings, Brenwill (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Bill Licea-Kane, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Blaine Kohl, Khronos (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Bob Fraser, Google (version 1.3)

- Boris Zanin, Mobica (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Brent E. Insko, Intel (version 1.0)

- Brian Ellis, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (version 1.0)

- Brian Paul, VMware (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Caio Marcelo de Oliveira Filho, Intel (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Cass Everitt, Oculus VR (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Cemil Azizoglu, Canonical (version 1.0)

- Chad Versace, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2)

- Chang-Hyo Yu, Samsung Electronics (version 1.0)

- Charles Giessen, LunarG (version 1.3)

- Chia-I Wu, LunarG (version 1.0)

- Chris Frascati, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (version 1.0)

- Chris Glover, Google (version 1.3)

- Christian Forfang, Arm (version 1.3)

- Christoph Kubisch, NVIDIA (version 1.3)

- Christophe Riccio, Unity Technologies (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Cody Northrop, LunarG (version 1.0)

- Colin Riley, AMD (version 1.1)

- Cort Stratton, Google (versions 1.1, 1.2)

- Courtney Goeltzenleuchter, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.3)

- Craig Davies, Huawei (version 1.2)

- Dae Kim, Imagination Technologies (version 1.1)

- Damien Leone, NVIDIA (version 1.0)

- Dan Baker, Oxide Games (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Dan Ginsburg, Valve Software (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Daniel Johnston, Intel (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Daniel Koch, NVIDIA (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Daniel Rakos, AMD (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Daniel Stone, Collabora (versions 1.1, 1.2)

- Daniel Vetter, Intel (version 1.2)

- David Airlie, Red Hat (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- David Mao, AMD (versions 1.0, 1.2)

- David Miller, Miller & Mattson (versions 1.0, 1.1) (Vulkan reference card)

- David Neto, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- David Pankratz, Huawei (version 1.3)

- David Wilkinson, AMD (version 1.2)

- David Yu, Pixar (version 1.0)

- Dejan Mircevski, Google (version 1.1)

- Diego Novillo, Google (version 1.3)

- Dimitris Georgakakis, Think Silicon (version 1.3)

- Dominik Witczak, AMD (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.3)

- Donald Scorgie, Imagination Technologies (version 1.2)

- Dzmitry Malyshau, Mozilla (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Ed Hutchins, Oculus (version 1.2)

- Emily Stearns, Khronos (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- François Duranleau, Gameloft (version 1.3)

- Frank (LingJun) Chen, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (version 1.0)

- Fred Liao, Mediatek (version 1.0)

- Gabe Dagani, Freescale (version 1.0)

- Gabor Sines, AMD (version 1.2)

- Graeme Leese, Broadcom (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Graham Connor, Imagination Technologies (version 1.0)

- Graham Sellers, AMD (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Graham Wihlidal, Electronic Arts (version 1.3)

- Greg Fischer, LunarG (version 1.1)

- Gregory Grebe, AMD (version 1.3)

- Hai Nguyen, Google (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Hans-Kristian Arntzen, Valve Software (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Henri Verbeet, Codeweavers (version 1.2)

- Huei Long Wang, Huawei (version 1.3)

- Hwanyong Lee, Kyungpook National University (version 1.0)

- Iago Toral, Igalia (versions 1.1, 1.2)

- Ian Elliott, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2)

- Ian Romanick, Intel (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.3)

- Ivan Briano, Intel (version 1.3)

- James Fitzpatrick, Imagination (version 1.3)

- James Hughes, Oculus VR (version 1.0)

- James Jones, NVIDIA (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- James Riordon, Khronos (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Jamie Madill, Google (version 1.3)

- Jan Hermes, Continental Corporation (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Jan-Harald Fredriksen, Arm (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Jason Ekstrand, Intel (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Jean-François Roy, Google (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Jeff Bolz, NVIDIA (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Jeff Juliano, NVIDIA (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2)

- Jeff Leger, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (versions 1.1, 1.3)

- Jeff Phillips, Khronos (version 1.3)

- Jeff Vigil, Samsung Electronics (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Jens Owen, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Jeremy Hayes, LunarG (version 1.0)

- Jesse Barker, Unity Technologies (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Jesse Hall, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Joe Davis, Samsung Electronics (version 1.1)

- Johannes van Waveren, Oculus VR (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- John Anthony, Arm (version 1.2, 1.3)

- John Kessenich, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) (SPIR-V and GLSL for Vulkan spec author)

- John McDonald, Valve Software (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- John Zulauf, LunarG (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Jon Ashburn, LunarG (version 1.0)

- Jon Leech, Independent (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) (XML toolchain, normative language, release wrangler)

- Jonas Gustavsson, Samsung Electronics (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Jonas Meyer, Epic Games (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Jonathan Hamilton, Imagination Technologies (version 1.0)

- Jordan Justen, Intel (version 1.1)

- Joshua Ashton, Valve Software (version 1.3)

- Jungwoo Kim, Samsung Electronics (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Jörg Wagner, Arm (version 1.1)

- Kalle Raita, Google (version 1.1)

- Karen Ghavam, LunarG (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Karl Schultz, LunarG (versions 1.1, 1.2)

- Kathleen Mattson, Khronos (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2)

- Kaye Mason, Google (version 1.2)

- Keith Packard, Valve (version 1.2)

- Kenneth Benzie, Codeplay Software Ltd. (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Kenneth Russell, Google (version 1.1)

- Kerch Holt, NVIDIA (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Kevin O’Neil, AMD (version 1.1)

- Kevin Petit, Arm (version 1.3)

- Kris Rose, Khronos (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Kristian Kristensen, Intel (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Krzysztof Iwanicki, Samsung Electronics (version 1.0)

- Larry Seiler, Intel (version 1.0)

- Laura Shubel, Caster Communications (version 1.3)

- Lauri Ilola, Nokia (version 1.1)

- Lei Zhang, Google (version 1.2)

- Lenny Komow, LunarG (versions 1.1, 1.2)

- Liam Middlebrook, NVIDIA (version 1.3)

- Lionel Landwerlin, Intel (versions 1.1, 1.2)

- Lisie Aartsen, Khronos (version 1.3)

- Liz Maitral, Khronos (version 1.2)

- Lou Kramer, AMD (version 1.3)

- Lutz Latta, Lucasfilm (version 1.0)

- Maciej Jesionowski, AMD (version 1.1)

- Mais Alnasser, AMD (version 1.1)

- Marcin Kantoch, AMD (version 1.3)

- Marcin Rogucki, Mobica (version 1.1)

- Maria Rovatsou, Codeplay Software Ltd. (version 1.0)

- Mariusz Merecki, Intel (version 1.3)

- Mark Bellamy, Arm (version 1.2, 1.3)

- Mark Callow, Independent (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Mark Kilgard, NVIDIA (versions 1.1, 1.2)

- Mark Lobodzinski, LunarG (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2)

- Mark Young, LunarG (versions 1.1, 1.3)

- Markus Tavenrath, NVIDIA (version 1.1)

- Marty Johnson, Khronos (version 1.3)

- Mateusz Przybylski, Intel (version 1.0)

- Mathias Heyer, NVIDIA (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Mathias Schott, NVIDIA (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Mathieu Robart, Arm (version 1.2)

- Matt Netsch, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (version 1.1)

- Matthew Rusch, NVIDIA (version 1.3)

- Matthäus Chajdas, AMD (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Maurice Ribble, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Maxim Lukyanov, Samsung Electronics (version 1.0)

- Michael Blumenkrantz, Self (version 1.3)

- Michael Lentine, Google (version 1.0)

- Michael O’Hara, AMD (version 1.1)

- Michael Phillip, Samsung Electronics (version 1.2)

- Michael Wong, Codeplay Software Ltd. (version 1.1)

- Michael Worcester, Imagination Technologies (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Michal Pietrasiuk, Intel (versions 1.0, 1.3)

- Mika Isojarvi, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Mike Schuchardt, LunarG (versions 1.1, 1.2)

- Mike Stroyan, LunarG (version 1.0)

- Mike Weiblen, LunarG (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Minyoung Son, Samsung Electronics (version 1.0)

- Mitch Singer, AMD (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Mythri Venugopal, Samsung Electronics (version 1.0)

- Naveen Leekha, Google (version 1.0)

- Neil Henning, AMD (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Neil Hickey, Arm (version 1.2)

- Neil Trevett, NVIDIA (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Nick Penwarden, Epic Games (version 1.0)

- Nicolai Hähnle, AMD (version 1.1)

- Niklas Smedberg, Unity Technologies (version 1.0)

- Norbert Nopper, Independent (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Nuno Subtil, NVIDIA (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Pat Brown, NVIDIA (version 1.0)

- Patrick Cozzi, Independent (version 1.1)

- Patrick Doane, Blizzard Entertainment (version 1.0)

- Peter Lohrmann, AMD (versions 1.0, 1.2)

- Petros Bantolas, Imagination Technologies (version 1.1)

- Philip Rebohle, Valve Software (version 1.3)

- Pierre Boudier, NVIDIA (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Pierre-Loup Griffais, Valve Software (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Piers Daniell, NVIDIA (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Ping Liu, Intel (version 1.3)

- Piotr Bialecki, Intel (version 1.0)

- Piotr Byszewski, Mobica (version 1.3)

- Prabindh Sundareson, Samsung Electronics (version 1.0)

- Pyry Haulos, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1) (Vulkan conformance test subcommittee chair)

- Rachel Bradshaw, Caster Communications (version 1.3)

- Rajeev Rao, Qualcomm (version 1.2)

- Ralph Potter, Samsung Electronics (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Raun Krisch, Samsung Electronics (version 1.3)

- Ray Smith, Arm (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2)

- Ricardo Garcia, Igalia (version 1.3)

- Richard Huddy, Samsung Electronics (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Rob Barris, NVIDIA (version 1.1)

- Rob Stepinski, Transgaming (version 1.0)

- Robert Simpson, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.3)

- Rolando Caloca Olivares, Epic Games (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Ronan Keryell, Xilinx (version 1.3)

- Roy Ju, Mediatek (version 1.0)

- Rufus Hamade, Imagination Technologies (version 1.0)

- Ruihao Zhang, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (versions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Samuel Huang, Mediatek (version 1.3)

- Samuel Iglesias Gonsalvez, Igalia (version 1.3)

- Sascha Willems, Self (version 1.3)

- Sean Ellis, Arm (version 1.0)

- Sean Harmer, KDAB Group (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Shannon Woods, Google (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Slawomir Cygan, Intel (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.3)

- Slawomir Grajewski, Intel (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.3)

- Sorel Bosan, AMD (version 1.1)

- Spencer Fricke, Samsung Electronics (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Stefanus Du Toit, Google (version 1.0)

- Stephen Huang, Mediatek (version 1.1)

- Steve Hill, Broadcom (versions 1.0, 1.2)

- Steve Viggers, Core Avionics & Industrial Inc. (versions 1.0, 1.2)

- Steve Winston, Holochip (version 1.3)

- Stuart Smith, AMD (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Sujeevan Rajayogam, Google (version 1.3)

- Tilmann Scheller, Samsung Electronics (version 1.1)

- Tim Foley, Intel (version 1.0)

- Tim Lewis, Khronos (version 1.3)

- Timo Suoranta, AMD (version 1.0)

- Timothy Lottes, AMD (versions 1.0, 1.1)

- Tobias Hector, AMD (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) (validity language and toolchain)

- Tobin Ehlis, LunarG (version 1.0)

- Tom Olson, Arm (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) (Working Group chair)

- Tomasz Bednarz, Independent (version 1.1)

- Tomasz Kubale, Intel (version 1.0)

- Tony Barbour, LunarG (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2)

- Tony Zlatinski, NVIDIA (version 1.3)

- Victor Eruhimov, Unknown (version 1.1)

- Vikram Kushwaha, NVIDIA (version 1.3)

- Vincent Hindriksen, Stream HPC (versions 1.2, 1.3)

- Wasim Abbas, Arm (version 1.3)

- Wayne Lister, Imagination Technologies (version 1.0)

- Wolfgang Engel, Unknown (version 1.1)

- Yanjun Zhang, VeriSilicon (versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3)

- Yunxing Zhu, Huawei (version 1.3)

### Other Credits

The Vulkan Advisory Panel members provided important real-world usage information and advice that helped guide design decisions.

The wider Vulkan community have provided useful feedback, questions and specification changes that have helped improve the quality of the Specification via GitHub.

Administrative support to the Working Group for Vulkan 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 was provided by Khronos staff including Ann Thorsnes, Blaine Kohl, Dominic Agoro-Ombaka, Emily Stearns, Jeff Phillips, Lisie Aartsen, Liz Maitral, Marty Johnson, Tim Lewis, and Xiao-Yu CHENG; and by Alex Crabb, Laura Shubel, and Rachel Bradshaw of Caster Communications.

Administrative support for Vulkan 1.0 was provided by Andrew Riegel, Elizabeth Riegel, Glenn Fredericks, Kathleen Mattson and Michelle Clark of Gold Standard Group.

Technical support was provided by James Riordon, site administration of Khronos.org and OpenGL.org.