# Vulkan® 1.4.304 - A Specification (with all registered extensions)

The Khronos® Vulkan Working Group
version 1.4.304, 2025-01-13 20:32:51Z
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## 27. Fixed-Function Vertex Post-Processing

After pre-rasterization shader stages, the following fixed-function operations are applied to vertices of the resulting primitives:

- Transform feedback (see Transform Feedback)

- Viewport swizzle (see Viewport Swizzle)

- Flat shading (see Flat Shading).

- Primitive clipping, including application-defined half-spaces (see Primitive Clipping).

- Shader output attribute clipping (see Clipping Shader Outputs).

- Clip space W scaling (see Controlling Viewport W Scaling).

- Perspective division on clip coordinates (see Coordinate Transformations).

- Viewport mapping, including depth range scaling (see Controlling the Viewport).

- Front face determination for polygon primitives (see Basic Polygon Rasterization).

Next, rasterization is performed on primitives as described in chapter Rasterization.

### 27.1. Transform Feedback

Before any other fixed-function vertex post-processing, vertex outputs from the last shader in the pre-rasterization shader stage can be written out to one or more transform feedback buffers bound to the command buffer. To capture vertex outputs the last pre-rasterization shader stage shader must be declared with the `Xfb` execution mode. Outputs decorated with `XfbBuffer` will be written out to the corresponding transform feedback buffers bound to the command buffer when transform feedback is active. Transform feedback buffers are bound to the command buffer by using vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT. Transform feedback is made active by calling vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT and made inactive by calling vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT. After vertex data is written it is possible to use vkCmdDrawIndirectByteCountEXT to start a new draw where the `vertexCount` is derived from the number of bytes written by a previous transform feedback.

When an individual point, line, or triangle primitive reaches the transform feedback stage while transform feedback is active, the values of the specified output variables are assembled into primitives and appended to the bound transform feedback buffers. After activating transform feedback, the values of the first assembled primitive are written at the starting offsets of the bound transform feedback buffers, and subsequent primitives are appended to the buffer. If the optional `pCounterBuffers` and `pCounterBufferOffsets` parameters are specified, the starting points within the transform feedback buffers are adjusted so data is appended to the previously written values indicated by the value stored by the implementation in the counter buffer.

For multi-vertex primitives, all values for a given vertex are written before writing values for any other vertex. When the `transformFeedbackPreservesProvokingVertex` feature is not enabled, implementations may write out any vertex within the primitive first, but all subsequent vertices for that primitive must be written out in a consistent winding order defined as follows:

- If neither geometry or tessellation shading is active, vertices within a primitive are appended according to the winding order described by the primitive topology defined by the VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo:`topology` used to execute the drawing command.

- If geometry shading is active, vertices within a primitive are appended according to the winding order described by the primitive topology defined by the `OutputPoints`, `OutputLineStrip`, or `OutputTriangleStrip` execution mode.

- If tessellation shading is active but geometry shading is not, vertices within a primitive are appended according to the winding order defined by triangle tessellation, quad tessellation, and isoline tessellation.

When the `transformFeedbackPreservesProvokingVertex` feature is enabled, then in addition to writing vertices with a consistent winding order, the vertex order must preserve the provoking vertex of each primitive:

- When the pipeline’s provoking vertex mode is `VK_PROVOKING_VERTEX_MODE_FIRST_VERTEX_EXT`, the primitive’s provoking vertex must be the first vertex written.

- When the pipeline’s provoking vertex mode is `VK_PROVOKING_VERTEX_MODE_LAST_VERTEX_EXT`, the primitive’s provoking vertex must be the last vertex written.

If `transformFeedbackPreservesTriangleFanProvokingVertex` is `VK_FALSE`, neither geometry nor tessellation shading is active, and the primitive topology is `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_FAN`, then the first vertex written from each primitive is implementation-defined even when the `transformFeedbackPreservesProvokingVertex` feature is enabled.

When capturing vertices, the stride associated with each transform feedback buffer, as indicated by the `XfbStride` decoration, indicates the number of bytes of storage reserved for each vertex in the transform feedback buffer. For every vertex captured, each output attribute with a `Offset` decoration will be written to the storage reserved for the vertex at the associated transform feedback buffer. When writing output variables that are arrays or structures, individual array elements or structure members are written tightly packed in order. For vector types, individual components are written in order. For matrix types, outputs are written as an array of column vectors.

If any component of an output with an assigned transform feedback offset was not written to by its shader, the value recorded for that component is undefined. All components of an output variable must be written at an offset aligned to the size of the component. The size of each component of an output variable must be at least 32-bits. When capturing a vertex, any portion of the reserved storage not associated with an output variable with an assigned transform feedback offset will be unmodified.

When transform feedback is inactive, no vertices are recorded. If there is a valid counter buffer handle and counter buffer offset in the `pCounterBuffers` and `pCounterBufferOffsets` arrays, writes to the corresponding transform feedback buffer will start at the byte offset represented by the value stored in the counter buffer location.

Individual lines or triangles of a strip or fan primitive will be extracted and recorded separately. Incomplete primitives are not recorded.

When using a geometry shader that emits vertices to multiple vertex streams, a primitive will be assembled and output for each stream when there are enough vertices emitted for the output primitive type. All outputs assigned to a given transform feedback buffer are required to come from a single vertex stream.

The sizes of the transform feedback buffers are defined by the vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT `pSizes` parameter for each of the bound buffers, or the size of the bound buffer, whichever is the lesser. If there is less space remaining in any of the transform feedback buffers than the size of all of the vertex data for that primitive based on the `XfbStride` for that `XfbBuffer` then no vertex data of that primitive is recorded in any transform feedback buffer, and the value for the number of primitives written in the corresponding `VK_QUERY_TYPE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_STREAM_EXT` query for all transform feedback buffers is no longer incremented.

Any outputs made to a `XfbBuffer` that is not bound to a transform feedback buffer is ignored.

To bind transform feedback buffers to a command buffer for use in subsequent drawing commands, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_transform_feedback
    void vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstBinding,
        uint32_t                                    bindingCount,
        const VkBuffer*                             pBuffers,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pOffsets,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pSizes);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `firstBinding` is the index of the first transform feedback binding whose state is updated by the command.

- `bindingCount` is the number of transform feedback bindings whose state is updated by the command.

- `pBuffers` is a pointer to an array of buffer handles.

- `pOffsets` is a pointer to an array of buffer offsets.

- `pSizes` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkDeviceSize buffer sizes, specifying the maximum number of bytes to capture to the corresponding transform feedback buffer. If `pSizes` is `NULL`, or the value of the `pSizes` array element is `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, then the maximum number of bytes captured will be the size of the corresponding buffer minus the buffer offset.

The values taken from elements i of `pBuffers`, `pOffsets` and `pSizes` replace the current state for the transform feedback binding `firstBinding` + i, for i in [0, `bindingCount`). The transform feedback binding is updated to start at the offset indicated by `pOffsets`[i] from the start of the buffer `pBuffers`[i].

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-transformFeedback-02355
  `VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesEXT`::`transformFeedback` must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-firstBinding-02356
  `firstBinding` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT`::`maxTransformFeedbackBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-firstBinding-02357
  The sum of `firstBinding` and `bindingCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT`::`maxTransformFeedbackBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-pOffsets-02358
  All elements of `pOffsets` must be less than the size of the corresponding element in `pBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-pOffsets-02359
  All elements of `pOffsets` must be a multiple of 4

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-pBuffers-02360
  All elements of `pBuffers` must have been created with the `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER_BIT_EXT` flag

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-pSize-02361
  If the optional `pSize` array is specified, each element of `pSizes` must either be `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, or be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT`::`maxTransformFeedbackBufferSize`

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-pSizes-02362
  All elements of `pSizes` must be either `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, or less than or equal to the size of the corresponding buffer in `pBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-pOffsets-02363
  All elements of `pOffsets` plus `pSizes`, where the `pSizes`, element is not `VK_WHOLE_SIZE`, must be less than or equal to the size of the corresponding buffer in `pBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-pBuffers-02364
  Each element of `pBuffers` that is non-sparse must be bound completely and contiguously to a single `VkDeviceMemory` object

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-None-02365
  Transform feedback must not be active when the `vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT` command is recorded

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-pBuffers-parameter
  `pBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` valid VkBuffer handles

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-pOffsets-parameter
  `pOffsets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `bindingCount` VkDeviceSize values

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-bindingCount-arraylength
  `bindingCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and the elements of `pBuffers` must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

Transform feedback for specific transform feedback buffers is made active by calling:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_transform_feedback
    void vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstCounterBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    counterBufferCount,
        const VkBuffer*                             pCounterBuffers,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pCounterBufferOffsets);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `firstCounterBuffer` is the index of the first transform feedback buffer corresponding to `pCounterBuffers`[0] and `pCounterBufferOffsets`[0].

- `counterBufferCount` is the size of the `pCounterBuffers` and `pCounterBufferOffsets` arrays.

- `pCounterBuffers` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkBuffer handles to counter buffers. Each buffer contains a 4 byte integer value representing the byte offset from the start of the corresponding transform feedback buffer from where to start capturing vertex data. If the byte offset stored to the counter buffer location was done using vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT it can be used to resume transform feedback from the previous location. If `pCounterBuffers` is `NULL`, then transform feedback will start capturing vertex data to byte offset zero in all bound transform feedback buffers. For each element of `pCounterBuffers` that is VK_NULL_HANDLE, transform feedback will start capturing vertex data to byte zero in the corresponding bound transform feedback buffer.

- `pCounterBufferOffsets` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkDeviceSize values specifying offsets within each of the `pCounterBuffers` where the counter values were previously written. The location in each counter buffer at these offsets must be large enough to contain 4 bytes of data. This data is the number of bytes captured by the previous transform feedback to this buffer. If `pCounterBufferOffsets` is `NULL`, then it is assumed the offsets are zero.

The active transform feedback buffers will capture primitives emitted from the corresponding `XfbBuffer` in the bound graphics pipeline. Any `XfbBuffer` emitted that does not output to an active transform feedback buffer will not be captured.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-transformFeedback-02366
  `VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesEXT`::`transformFeedback` must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-None-02367
  Transform feedback must not be active

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-firstCounterBuffer-02368
  `firstCounterBuffer` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT`::`maxTransformFeedbackBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-firstCounterBuffer-02369
  The sum of `firstCounterBuffer` and `counterBufferCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT`::`maxTransformFeedbackBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-counterBufferCount-02607
  If `counterBufferCount` is not `0`, and `pCounterBuffers` is not `NULL`, `pCounterBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `counterBufferCount` `VkBuffer` handles that are either valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-pCounterBufferOffsets-02370
  For each buffer handle in the array, if it is not VK_NULL_HANDLE it must reference a buffer large enough to hold 4 bytes at the corresponding offset from the `pCounterBufferOffsets` array

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-pCounterBuffer-02371
  If `pCounterBuffer` is `NULL`, then `pCounterBufferOffsets` must also be `NULL`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-pCounterBuffers-02372
  For each buffer handle in the `pCounterBuffers` array that is not VK_NULL_HANDLE it must have been created with a `usage` value containing `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_COUNTER_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-firstCounterBuffer-09630
  The sum of `firstCounterBuffer` and `counterBufferCount` must be less than or equal to the number of transform feedback buffers bound by vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-None-06233
  If the `shaderObject` feature is not enabled, a valid graphics pipeline must be bound to `VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS`

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-None-04128
  The last pre-rasterization shader stage of the bound graphics pipeline must have been declared with the `Xfb` execution mode

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-None-02373
  Transform feedback must not be made active in a render pass instance with multiview enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-pCounterBufferOffsets-parameter
  If `counterBufferCount` is not `0`, and `pCounterBufferOffsets` is not `NULL`, `pCounterBufferOffsets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `counterBufferCount` VkDeviceSize values

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and the elements of `pCounterBuffers` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Inside | Outside | Graphics | State

Transform feedback for specific transform feedback buffers is made inactive by calling:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_transform_feedback
    void vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstCounterBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    counterBufferCount,
        const VkBuffer*                             pCounterBuffers,
        const VkDeviceSize*                         pCounterBufferOffsets);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command is recorded.

- `firstCounterBuffer` is the index of the first transform feedback buffer corresponding to `pCounterBuffers`[0] and `pCounterBufferOffsets`[0].

- `counterBufferCount` is the size of the `pCounterBuffers` and `pCounterBufferOffsets` arrays.

- `pCounterBuffers` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkBuffer handles to counter buffers. The counter buffers are used to record the current byte positions of each transform feedback buffer where the next vertex output data would be captured. This can be used by a subsequent vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT call to resume transform feedback capture from this position. It can also be used by vkCmdDrawIndirectByteCountEXT to determine the vertex count of the draw call.

- `pCounterBufferOffsets` is `NULL` or a pointer to an array of VkDeviceSize values specifying offsets within each of the `pCounterBuffers` where the counter values can be written. The location in each counter buffer at these offsets must be large enough to contain 4 bytes of data. The data stored at this location is the byte offset from the start of the transform feedback buffer binding where the next vertex data would be written. If `pCounterBufferOffsets` is `NULL`, then it is assumed the offsets are zero.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-transformFeedback-02374
  `VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackFeaturesEXT`::`transformFeedback` must be enabled

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-None-02375
  Transform feedback must be active

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-firstCounterBuffer-02376
  `firstCounterBuffer` must be less than `VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT`::`maxTransformFeedbackBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-firstCounterBuffer-02377
  The sum of `firstCounterBuffer` and `counterBufferCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceTransformFeedbackPropertiesEXT`::`maxTransformFeedbackBuffers`

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-counterBufferCount-02608
  If `counterBufferCount` is not `0`, and `pCounterBuffers` is not `NULL`, `pCounterBuffers` must be a valid pointer to an array of `counterBufferCount` `VkBuffer` handles that are either valid or VK_NULL_HANDLE

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-pCounterBufferOffsets-02378
  For each buffer handle in the array, if it is not VK_NULL_HANDLE it must reference a buffer large enough to hold 4 bytes at the corresponding offset from the `pCounterBufferOffsets` array

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-pCounterBuffer-02379
  If `pCounterBuffer` is `NULL`, then `pCounterBufferOffsets` must also be `NULL`

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-pCounterBuffers-02380
  For each buffer handle in the `pCounterBuffers` array that is not VK_NULL_HANDLE it must have been created with a `usage` value containing `VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_COUNTER_BUFFER_BIT_EXT`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-pCounterBufferOffsets-parameter
  If `counterBufferCount` is not `0`, and `pCounterBufferOffsets` is not `NULL`, `pCounterBufferOffsets` must be a valid pointer to an array of `counterBufferCount` VkDeviceSize values

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-renderpass
  This command must only be called inside of a render pass instance

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT-commonparent
  Both of `commandBuffer`, and the elements of `pCounterBuffers` that are valid handles of non-ignored parameters must have been created, allocated, or retrieved from the same VkDevice

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Inside | Outside | Graphics | State

### 27.2. Viewport Swizzle

Each primitive sent to a given viewport has a swizzle and optional negation applied to its clip coordinates. The swizzle that is applied depends on the viewport index, and is controlled by the `VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV` pipeline state:

    // Provided by VK_NV_viewport_swizzle
    typedef struct VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV {
        VkStructureType                                sType;
        const void*                                    pNext;
        VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateFlagsNV    flags;
        uint32_t                                       viewportCount;
        const VkViewportSwizzleNV*                     pViewportSwizzles;
    } VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `viewportCount` is the number of viewport swizzles used by the pipeline.

- `pViewportSwizzles` is a pointer to an array of VkViewportSwizzleNV structures, defining the viewport swizzles.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV-viewportCount-01215
  `viewportCount` must be greater than or equal to the `viewportCount` set in `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_SWIZZLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO_NV`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV-pViewportSwizzles-parameter
  `pViewportSwizzles` must be a valid pointer to an array of `viewportCount` valid VkViewportSwizzleNV structures

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV-viewportCount-arraylength
  `viewportCount` must be greater than `0`

    // Provided by VK_NV_viewport_swizzle
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateFlagsNV;

`VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateFlagsNV` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

The `VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV` state is set by adding this structure to the `pNext` chain of a `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo` structure and setting the graphics pipeline state with vkCreateGraphicsPipelines.

To dynamically set the viewport swizzle state, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3 with VK_NV_viewport_swizzle, VK_EXT_shader_object with VK_NV_viewport_swizzle
    void vkCmdSetViewportSwizzleNV(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstViewport,
        uint32_t                                    viewportCount,
        const VkViewportSwizzleNV*                  pViewportSwizzles);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `firstViewport` is the index of the first viewport whose parameters are updated by the command.

- `viewportCount` is the number of viewports whose parameters are updated by the command.

- `pViewportSwizzles` is a pointer to an array of VkViewportSwizzleNV structures specifying viewport swizzles.

This command sets the viewport swizzle state for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_SWIZZLE_NV` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV::`viewportCount`, and VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV::`pViewportSwizzles` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportSwizzleNV-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3ViewportSwizzle` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportSwizzleNV-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportSwizzleNV-pViewportSwizzles-parameter
  `pViewportSwizzles` must be a valid pointer to an array of `viewportCount` valid VkViewportSwizzleNV structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportSwizzleNV-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportSwizzleNV-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportSwizzleNV-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportSwizzleNV-viewportCount-arraylength
  `viewportCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

Each viewport specified from 0 to `viewportCount` - 1 has its x,y,z,w swizzle state set to the corresponding `x`, `y`, `z` and `w` in the VkViewportSwizzleNV structure. Each component is of type VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV, which determines the type of swizzle for that component. The value of `x` computes the new x component of the position as:

    if (x == VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_X_NV) x' = x;
    if (x == VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_NEGATIVE_X_NV) x' = -x;
    if (x == VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_Y_NV) x' = y;
    if (x == VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_NEGATIVE_Y_NV) x' = -y;
    if (x == VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_Z_NV) x' = z;
    if (x == VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_NEGATIVE_Z_NV) x' = -z;
    if (x == VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_W_NV) x' = w;
    if (x == VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_NEGATIVE_W_NV) x' = -w;

Similar selections are performed for the `y`, `z`, and `w` coordinates. This swizzling is applied before clipping and perspective divide. If the swizzle for an active viewport index is not specified, the swizzle for `x` is `VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_X_NV`, `y` is `VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_Y_NV`, `z` is `VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_Z_NV` and `w` is `VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_W_NV`.

Viewport swizzle parameters are specified by setting the `pNext` pointer of `VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo` to point to a `VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV` structure. VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV uses `VkViewportSwizzleNV` to set the viewport swizzle parameters.

The `VkViewportSwizzleNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_viewport_swizzle
    typedef struct VkViewportSwizzleNV {
        VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV    x;
        VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV    y;
        VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV    z;
        VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV    w;
    } VkViewportSwizzleNV;

- `x` is a VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV value specifying the swizzle operation to apply to the x component of the primitive

- `y` is a VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV value specifying the swizzle operation to apply to the y component of the primitive

- `z` is a VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV value specifying the swizzle operation to apply to the z component of the primitive

- `w` is a VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV value specifying the swizzle operation to apply to the w component of the primitive

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkViewportSwizzleNV-x-parameter
  `x` must be a valid VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV value

- VUID-VkViewportSwizzleNV-y-parameter
  `y` must be a valid VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV value

- VUID-VkViewportSwizzleNV-z-parameter
  `z` must be a valid VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV value

- VUID-VkViewportSwizzleNV-w-parameter
  `w` must be a valid VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV value

Possible values of the VkViewportSwizzleNV::`x`, `y`, `z`, and `w` members, specifying swizzling of the corresponding components of primitives, are:

    // Provided by VK_NV_viewport_swizzle
    typedef enum VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV {
        VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_X_NV = 0,
        VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_NEGATIVE_X_NV = 1,
        VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_Y_NV = 2,
        VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_NEGATIVE_Y_NV = 3,
        VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_Z_NV = 4,
        VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_NEGATIVE_Z_NV = 5,
        VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_POSITIVE_W_NV = 6,
        VK_VIEWPORT_COORDINATE_SWIZZLE_NEGATIVE_W_NV = 7,
    } VkViewportCoordinateSwizzleNV;

These values are described in detail in Viewport Swizzle.

### 27.3. Flat Shading

Flat shading a vertex output attribute means to assign all vertices of the primitive the same value for that output. The output values assigned are those of the provoking vertex of the primitive. Flat shading is applied to those vertex attributes that match fragment input attributes which are decorated as `Flat`.

If neither mesh, geometry nor tessellation shading is active, the provoking vertex is determined by the primitive topology defined by VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo:`topology` used to execute the drawing command.

If a shader using `MeshNV` `Execution` `Model` is active, the provoking vertex is determined by the primitive topology defined by the `OutputPoints`, `OutputLinesNV`, or `OutputTrianglesNV` execution mode.

If a shader using `MeshEXT` `Execution` `Model` is active, the provoking vertex is determined by the primitive topology defined by the `OutputPoints`, `OutputLinesEXT`, or `OutputTrianglesEXT` execution mode.

If geometry shading is active, the provoking vertex is determined by the primitive topology defined by the `OutputPoints`, `OutputLineStrip`, or `OutputTriangleStrip` execution mode.

If tessellation shading is active but geometry shading is not, the provoking vertex may be any of the vertices in each primitive.

For a given primitive topology, the pipeline’s provoking vertex mode determines which vertex is the provoking vertex. To specify the provoking vertex mode, include a `VkPipelineRasterizationProvokingVertexStateCreateInfoEXT` structure in the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`pNext` chain when creating the pipeline.

The `VkPipelineRasterizationProvokingVertexStateCreateInfoEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_provoking_vertex
    typedef struct VkPipelineRasterizationProvokingVertexStateCreateInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType             sType;
        const void*                 pNext;
        VkProvokingVertexModeEXT    provokingVertexMode;
    } VkPipelineRasterizationProvokingVertexStateCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `provokingVertexMode` is a VkProvokingVertexModeEXT value selecting the provoking vertex mode.

If this struct is not provided when creating the pipeline, the pipeline will use the `VK_PROVOKING_VERTEX_MODE_FIRST_VERTEX_EXT` mode.

If the `provokingVertexModePerPipeline` limit is `VK_FALSE`, then all pipelines bound within a render pass instance must have the same `provokingVertexMode`.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationProvokingVertexStateCreateInfoEXT-provokingVertexMode-04883
  If `provokingVertexMode` is `VK_PROVOKING_VERTEX_MODE_LAST_VERTEX_EXT`, then the `provokingVertexLast` feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationProvokingVertexStateCreateInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_PROVOKING_VERTEX_STATE_CREATE_INFO_EXT`

- VUID-VkPipelineRasterizationProvokingVertexStateCreateInfoEXT-provokingVertexMode-parameter
  `provokingVertexMode` must be a valid VkProvokingVertexModeEXT value

Possible values of VkPipelineRasterizationProvokingVertexStateCreateInfoEXT::`provokingVertexMode` are:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_provoking_vertex
    typedef enum VkProvokingVertexModeEXT {
        VK_PROVOKING_VERTEX_MODE_FIRST_VERTEX_EXT = 0,
        VK_PROVOKING_VERTEX_MODE_LAST_VERTEX_EXT = 1,
    } VkProvokingVertexModeEXT;

- `VK_PROVOKING_VERTEX_MODE_FIRST_VERTEX_EXT` specifies that the provoking vertex is the first non-adjacency vertex in the list of vertices used by a primitive.

- `VK_PROVOKING_VERTEX_MODE_LAST_VERTEX_EXT` specifies that the provoking vertex is the last non-adjacency vertex in the list of vertices used by a primitive.

These modes are described more precisely in Primitive Topologies.

To dynamically set the `provokingVertexMode` state, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3 with VK_EXT_provoking_vertex, VK_EXT_provoking_vertex with VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetProvokingVertexModeEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkProvokingVertexModeEXT                    provokingVertexMode);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `provokingVertexMode` specifies the `provokingVertexMode` state.

This command sets the `provokingVertexMode` state for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_PROVOKING_VERTEX_MODE_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineRasterizationProvokingVertexStateCreateInfoEXT::`provokingVertexMode` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetProvokingVertexModeEXT-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3ProvokingVertexMode` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

- VUID-vkCmdSetProvokingVertexModeEXT-provokingVertexMode-07447
  If `provokingVertexMode` is `VK_PROVOKING_VERTEX_MODE_LAST_VERTEX_EXT`, then the `provokingVertexLast` feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetProvokingVertexModeEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetProvokingVertexModeEXT-provokingVertexMode-parameter
  `provokingVertexMode` must be a valid VkProvokingVertexModeEXT value

- VUID-vkCmdSetProvokingVertexModeEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetProvokingVertexModeEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetProvokingVertexModeEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

### 27.4. Primitive Clipping

Primitives are culled against the cull volume and then clipped to the clip volume. In clip coordinates, the view volume is defined by:

−w c​≤x c​≤w c​−w c​≤y c​≤w c​z m​≤z c​≤w c​​

where if VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT::`negativeOneToOne` is `VK_TRUE` zm is equal to -wc otherwise zm is equal to zero.

This view volume can be further restricted by as many as `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxClipDistances` application-defined half-spaces.

The cull volume is the intersection of up to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxCullDistances` application-defined half-spaces (if no application-defined cull half-spaces are enabled, culling against the cull volume is skipped).

A shader must write a single cull distance for each enabled cull half-space to elements of the `CullDistance` array. If the cull distance for any enabled cull half-space is negative for all of the vertices of the primitive under consideration, the primitive is discarded. Otherwise the primitive is clipped against the clip volume as defined below.

The clip volume is the intersection of up to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxClipDistances` application-defined half-spaces with the view volume (if no application-defined clip half-spaces are enabled, the clip volume is the view volume).

A shader must write a single clip distance for each enabled clip half-space to elements of the `ClipDistance` array. Clip half-space i is then given by the set of points satisfying the inequality

  ci(P) ≥ 0

where ci(P) is the clip distance i at point P. For point primitives, ci(P) is simply the clip distance for the vertex in question. For line and triangle primitives, per-vertex clip distances are interpolated using a weighted mean, with weights derived according to the algorithms described in sections Basic Line Segment Rasterization and Basic Polygon Rasterization, using the perspective interpolation equations.

The number of application-defined clip and cull half-spaces that are enabled is determined by the explicit size of the built-in arrays `ClipDistance` and `CullDistance`, respectively, declared as an output in the interface of the entry point of the final shader stage before clipping.

If VkPipelineRasterizationDepthClipStateCreateInfoEXT is present in the graphics pipeline state then depth clipping is disabled if VkPipelineRasterizationDepthClipStateCreateInfoEXT::`depthClipEnable` is `VK_FALSE`. Otherwise, if VkPipelineRasterizationDepthClipStateCreateInfoEXT is not present, depth clipping is disabled when VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`depthClampEnable` is `VK_TRUE`.

To dynamically set enable or disable depth clamping, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3, VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetDepthClampEnableEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    depthClampEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `depthClampEnable` specifies whether depth clamping is enabled.

This command sets whether depth clamping is enabled or disabled for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_CLAMP_ENABLE_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`depthClampEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

If the depth clamping state is changed dynamically, and the pipeline was not created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_CLIP_ENABLE_EXT` enabled, then depth clipping is enabled when depth clamping is disabled and vice versa.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClampEnableEXT-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3DepthClampEnable` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClampEnableEXT-depthClamp-07449
  If the `depthClamp` feature is not enabled, `depthClampEnable` must be `VK_FALSE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClampEnableEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClampEnableEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClampEnableEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClampEnableEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

To dynamically set enable or disable depth clipping, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_depth_clip_enable with VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3, VK_EXT_depth_clip_enable with VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetDepthClipEnableEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    depthClipEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `depthClipEnable` specifies whether depth clipping is enabled.

This command sets whether depth clipping is enabled or disabled for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_CLIP_ENABLE_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineRasterizationDepthClipStateCreateInfoEXT::`depthClipEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline, or by the inverse of VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::`depthClampEnable` if `VkPipelineRasterizationDepthClipStateCreateInfoEXT` is not specified.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipEnableEXT-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3DepthClipEnable` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipEnableEXT-depthClipEnable-07451
  The `depthClipEnable` feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipEnableEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipEnableEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipEnableEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipEnableEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

When depth clipping is disabled, the plane equation

  zm ≤ zc ≤ wc

(see the clip volume definition above) is ignored by view volume clipping (effectively, there is no near or far plane clipping).

If the primitive under consideration is a point or line segment, then clipping passes it unchanged if its vertices lie entirely within the clip volume.

Possible values of VkPhysicalDevicePointClippingProperties::`pointClippingBehavior`, specifying clipping behavior of a point primitive whose vertex lies outside the clip volume, are:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_1
    typedef enum VkPointClippingBehavior {
        VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_ALL_CLIP_PLANES = 0,
        VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_USER_CLIP_PLANES_ONLY = 1,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance2
        VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_ALL_CLIP_PLANES_KHR = VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_ALL_CLIP_PLANES,
      // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance2
        VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_USER_CLIP_PLANES_ONLY_KHR = VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_USER_CLIP_PLANES_ONLY,
    } VkPointClippingBehavior;

or the equivalent

    // Provided by VK_KHR_maintenance2
    typedef VkPointClippingBehavior VkPointClippingBehaviorKHR;

- `VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_ALL_CLIP_PLANES` specifies that the primitive is discarded if the vertex lies outside any clip plane, including the planes bounding the view volume.

- `VK_POINT_CLIPPING_BEHAVIOR_USER_CLIP_PLANES_ONLY` specifies that the primitive is discarded only if the vertex lies outside any user clip plane.

If either of a line segment’s vertices lie outside of the clip volume, the line segment may be clipped, with new vertex coordinates computed for each vertex that lies outside the clip volume. A clipped line segment endpoint lies on both the original line segment and the boundary of the clip volume.

This clipping produces a value, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, for each clipped vertex. If the coordinates of a clipped vertex are P and the unclipped line segment’s vertex coordinates are P1 and P2, then t satisfies the following equation

  P = t P1 + (1-t) P2.

t is used to clip vertex output attributes as described in Clipping Shader Outputs.

If the primitive is a polygon, it passes unchanged if every one of its edges lies entirely inside the clip volume, and is either clipped or discarded otherwise. If the edges of the polygon intersect the boundary of the clip volume, the intersecting edges are reconnected by new edges that lie along the boundary of the clip volume - in some cases requiring the introduction of new vertices into a polygon.

If a polygon intersects an edge of the clip volume’s boundary, the clipped polygon must include a point on this boundary edge.

Primitives rendered with application-defined half-spaces must satisfy a complementarity criterion. Suppose a series of primitives is drawn where each vertex i has a single specified clip distance di (or a number of similarly specified clip distances, if multiple half-spaces are enabled). Next, suppose that the same series of primitives are drawn again with each such clip distance replaced by -di (and the graphics pipeline is otherwise the same). In this case, primitives must not be missing any pixels, and pixels must not be drawn twice in regions where those primitives are cut by the clip planes.

The `VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_depth_clip_control
    typedef struct VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT {
        VkStructureType    sType;
        const void*        pNext;
        VkBool32           negativeOneToOne;
    } VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `negativeOneToOne` sets the zm in the view volume to -wc

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT-negativeOneToOne-06470
  If the `depthClipControl` feature is not enabled, `negativeOneToOne` must be `VK_FALSE`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_DEPTH_CLIP_CONTROL_CREATE_INFO_EXT`

To dynamically set `negativeOneToOne`, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_depth_clip_control with VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3, VK_EXT_depth_clip_control with VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetDepthClipNegativeOneToOneEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    negativeOneToOne);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `negativeOneToOne` specifies the `negativeOneToOne` state.

This command sets the `negativeOneToOne` state for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_CLIP_NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE_EXT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT::`negativeOneToOne` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipNegativeOneToOneEXT-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3DepthClipNegativeOneToOne` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipNegativeOneToOneEXT-depthClipControl-07453
  The `depthClipControl` feature must be enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipNegativeOneToOneEXT-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipNegativeOneToOneEXT-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipNegativeOneToOneEXT-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetDepthClipNegativeOneToOneEXT-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

### 27.5. Clipping Shader Outputs

Next, vertex output attributes are clipped. The output values associated with a vertex that lies within the clip volume are unaffected by clipping. If a primitive is clipped, however, the output values assigned to vertices produced by clipping are clipped.

Let the output values assigned to the two vertices P1 and P2 of an unclipped edge be c1 and c2. The value of t (see Primitive Clipping) for a clipped point P is used to obtain the output value associated with P as

  c = t c1 + (1-t) c2.

(Multiplying an output value by a scalar means multiplying each of x, y, z, and w by the scalar.)

Since this computation is performed in clip space before division by wc, clipped output values are perspective-correct.

Polygon clipping creates a clipped vertex along an edge of the clip volume’s boundary. This situation is handled by noting that polygon clipping proceeds by clipping against one half-space at a time. Output value clipping is done in the same way, so that clipped points always occur at the intersection of polygon edges (possibly already clipped) with the clip volume’s boundary.

For vertex output attributes whose matching fragment input attributes are decorated with `NoPerspective`, the value of t used to obtain the output value associated with P will be adjusted to produce results that vary linearly in framebuffer space.

Output attributes of integer or unsigned integer type must always be flat shaded. Flat shaded attributes are constant over the primitive being rasterized (see Basic Line Segment Rasterization and Basic Polygon Rasterization), and no interpolation is performed. The output value c is taken from either c1 or c2, since flat shading has already occurred and the two values are identical.

### 27.6. Controlling Viewport W Scaling

If viewport W scaling is enabled, the W component of the clip coordinate is modified by the provided coefficients from the corresponding viewport as follows.

  wc' = xcoeff xc + ycoeff yc + wc

The `VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_clip_space_w_scaling
    typedef struct VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV {
        VkStructureType                sType;
        const void*                    pNext;
        VkBool32                       viewportWScalingEnable;
        uint32_t                       viewportCount;
        const VkViewportWScalingNV*    pViewportWScalings;
    } VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `viewportWScalingEnable` controls whether viewport W scaling is enabled.

- `viewportCount` is the number of viewports used by W scaling, and must match the number of viewports in the pipeline if viewport W scaling is enabled.

- `pViewportWScalings` is a pointer to an array of VkViewportWScalingNV structures defining the W scaling parameters for the corresponding viewports. If the viewport W scaling state is dynamic, this member is ignored.

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_W_SCALING_STATE_CREATE_INFO_NV`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV-viewportCount-arraylength
  `viewportCount` must be greater than `0`

The `VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV` state is set by adding this structure to the `pNext` chain of a `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo` structure and setting the graphics pipeline state with vkCreateGraphicsPipelines.

To dynamically set the `viewportWScalingEnable` state, call:

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state3 with VK_NV_clip_space_w_scaling, VK_EXT_shader_object with VK_NV_clip_space_w_scaling
    void vkCmdSetViewportWScalingEnableNV(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        VkBool32                                    viewportWScalingEnable);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `viewportWScalingEnable` specifies the `viewportWScalingEnable` state.

This command sets the `viewportWScalingEnable` state for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_W_SCALING_ENABLE_NV` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV::`viewportWScalingEnable` value used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingEnableNV-None-09423
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - The `extendedDynamicState3ViewportWScalingEnable` feature is enabled

  - The `shaderObject` feature is enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingEnableNV-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingEnableNV-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingEnableNV-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingEnableNV-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

To dynamically set the viewport W scaling parameters, call:

    // Provided by VK_NV_clip_space_w_scaling
    void vkCmdSetViewportWScalingNV(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstViewport,
        uint32_t                                    viewportCount,
        const VkViewportWScalingNV*                 pViewportWScalings);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `firstViewport` is the index of the first viewport whose parameters are updated by the command.

- `viewportCount` is the number of viewports whose parameters are updated by the command.

- `pViewportWScalings` is a pointer to an array of VkViewportWScalingNV structures specifying viewport parameters.

The viewport parameters taken from element i of `pViewportWScalings` replace the current state for the viewport index `firstViewport` + i, for i in [0, `viewportCount`).

This command sets the viewport W scaling for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_W_SCALING_NV` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV::`pViewportWScalings` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingNV-firstViewport-01324
  The sum of `firstViewport` and `viewportCount` must be between `1` and VkPhysicalDeviceLimits::`maxViewports`, inclusive

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingNV-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingNV-pViewportWScalings-parameter
  `pViewportWScalings` must be a valid pointer to an array of `viewportCount` VkViewportWScalingNV structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingNV-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingNV-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingNV-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWScalingNV-viewportCount-arraylength
  `viewportCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

Both VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV and vkCmdSetViewportWScalingNV use `VkViewportWScalingNV` to set the viewport transformation parameters.

The `VkViewportWScalingNV` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_NV_clip_space_w_scaling
    typedef struct VkViewportWScalingNV {
        float    xcoeff;
        float    ycoeff;
    } VkViewportWScalingNV;

- `xcoeff` and `ycoeff` are the viewport’s W scaling factor for x and y respectively.

### 27.7. Coordinate Transformations

Clip coordinates for a vertex result from shader execution, which yields a vertex coordinate `Position`.

Perspective division on clip coordinates yields normalized device coordinates, followed by a viewport transformation (see Controlling the Viewport) to convert these coordinates into framebuffer coordinates.

If a vertex in clip coordinates has a position given by

​x c​y c​z c​w c​​
​

then the vertex’s normalized device coordinates are

​x d​y d​z d​​
​=
​w c​x c​​w c​y c​​w c​z c​​​
​

### 27.8. Render Pass Transform

A render pass transform can be enabled for render pass instances. The clip coordinates (xc, yc) that result from vertex shader execution are transformed by a rotation of 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees in the XY plane, centered at the origin.

When Render pass transform is enabled, the transform applies to all primitives for all subpasses of the render pass. The transformed vertex in clip coordinates has a position given by

​x c t r an s​​y c t r an s​​z c t r an s​​​
​=
​x c​cos θ−y c​sin θ x c​sin θ+y c​cos θ z c​​
​

where

- θ is 0 degrees for `VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR`

- θ is 90 degrees for `VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_ROTATE_90_BIT_KHR`

- θ is 180 degrees for `VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_ROTATE_180_BIT_KHR`

- θ is 270 degrees for `VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_ROTATE_270_BIT_KHR`

The transformed vertex’s normalized device coordinates are

​x d​y d​z d​​
​=
​w c​x c t r an s​​​w c​y c t r an s​​​w c​z c t r an s​​​​
​

When render pass transform is enabled for a render pass instance, the following additional features are enabled:

- Each VkViewport specified by either VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::`pViewports` or vkCmdSetViewport will have its width/height (px, py) and its center (ox, oy) similarly transformed by the implementation.

- Each scissor specified by VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::`pScissors` or vkCmdSetScissor will have its (offsetx, offsety) and (extentx, extenty) similarly transformed by the implementation.

- The `renderArea` specified in VkCommandBufferInheritanceRenderPassTransformInfoQCOM and VkRenderPassBeginInfo will be similarly transformed by the implementation.

- The (x, y) components of shader variables with built-in decorations `FragCoord`, `SamplePosition`, or `PointCoord` will be similarly transformed by the implementation.

- The (x,y) components of the `offset` operand of the `InterpolateAtOffset` extended instruction will be similarly transformed by the implementation.

- The values returned by SPIR-V derivative instructions `OpDPdx`, `OpDPdy`, `OpDPdxCourse`, `OpDPdyCourse`, `OpDPdxFine`, `OpDPdyFine` will be similarly transformed by the implementation.

The net result of the above, is that applications can act as if rendering to a framebuffer oriented with the VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR::`currentTransform`. In other words, applications can act as if the presentation engine will be performing the transformation of the swapchain image after rendering and prior to presentation to the user. In fact, the transformation of the various items cited above are being handled by the implementation as the rendering takes place.

### 27.9. Controlling the Viewport

The viewport transformation is determined by the selected viewport’s width and height in pixels, px and py, respectively, and its center (ox, oy) (also in pixels), as well as its depth range min and max determining a depth range scale value pz and a depth range bias value oz (defined below). The vertex’s framebuffer coordinates (xf, yf) and depth zf are given by

  xf = (px / 2) xd + ox

  yf = (py / 2) yd + oy

  zf = pz × zd + oz

Multiple viewports are available, numbered zero up to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports` minus one. The number of viewports used by a pipeline is controlled by the `viewportCount` member of the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo` structure used in pipeline creation.

xf and yf have limited precision, where the number of fractional bits retained is specified by `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`subPixelPrecisionBits`. When rasterizing line segments, the number of fractional bits is specified by `VkPhysicalDeviceLineRasterizationProperties`::`lineSubPixelPrecisionBits`.

The `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo {
        VkStructureType                       sType;
        const void*                           pNext;
        VkPipelineViewportStateCreateFlags    flags;
        uint32_t                              viewportCount;
        const VkViewport*                     pViewports;
        uint32_t                              scissorCount;
        const VkRect2D*                       pScissors;
    } VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo;

- `sType` is a VkStructureType value identifying this structure.

- `pNext` is `NULL` or a pointer to a structure extending this structure.

- `flags` is reserved for future use.

- `viewportCount` is the number of viewports used by the pipeline.

- `pViewports` is a pointer to an array of VkViewport structures, defining the viewport transforms. If the viewport state is dynamic, this member is ignored.

- `scissorCount` is the number of scissors and must match the number of viewports.

- `pScissors` is a pointer to an array of VkRect2D structures defining the rectangular bounds of the scissor for the corresponding viewport. If the scissor state is dynamic, this member is ignored.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-viewportCount-01216
  If the `multiViewport` feature is not enabled, `viewportCount` must not be greater than `1`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-scissorCount-01217
  If the `multiViewport` feature is not enabled, `scissorCount` must not be greater than `1`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-viewportCount-01218
  `viewportCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-scissorCount-01219
  `scissorCount` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-x-02821
  The `x` and `y` members of `offset` member of any element of `pScissors` must be greater than or equal to `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-offset-02822
  Evaluation of (`offset.x` + `extent.width`) must not cause a signed integer addition overflow for any element of `pScissors`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-offset-02823
  Evaluation of (`offset.y` + `extent.height`) must not cause a signed integer addition overflow for any element of `pScissors`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-scissorCount-04134
  If `scissorCount` and `viewportCount` are both not dynamic, then `scissorCount` and `viewportCount` must be identical

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-viewportCount-04135
  If the graphics pipeline is being created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` set then `viewportCount` must be `0`, otherwise `viewportCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-scissorCount-04136
  If the graphics pipeline is being created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` set then `scissorCount` must be `0`, otherwise `scissorCount` must be greater than `0`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-viewportWScalingEnable-01726
  If the `viewportWScalingEnable` member of a VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV structure included in the `pNext` chain is `VK_TRUE`, the `viewportCount` member of the VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV structure must be greater than or equal to VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::`viewportCount`

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-sType-sType
  `sType` must be `VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO`

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-pNext-pNext
  Each `pNext` member of any structure (including this one) in the `pNext` chain must be either `NULL` or a pointer to a valid instance of VkPipelineViewportCoarseSampleOrderStateCreateInfoNV, VkPipelineViewportDepthClampControlCreateInfoEXT, VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT, VkPipelineViewportExclusiveScissorStateCreateInfoNV, VkPipelineViewportShadingRateImageStateCreateInfoNV, VkPipelineViewportSwizzleStateCreateInfoNV, or VkPipelineViewportWScalingStateCreateInfoNV

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-sType-unique
  The `sType` value of each struct in the `pNext` chain must be unique

- VUID-VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo-flags-zerobitmask
  `flags` must be `0`

To dynamically set the viewport count and viewports, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetViewportWithCount(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    viewportCount,
        const VkViewport*                           pViewports);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state, VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetViewportWithCountEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    viewportCount,
        const VkViewport*                           pViewports);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `viewportCount` specifies the viewport count.

- `pViewports` specifies the viewports to use for drawing.

This command sets the viewport count and viewports state for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT_WITH_COUNT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the corresponding VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::`viewportCount` and `pViewports` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-None-08971
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - the `extendedDynamicState` feature is enabled

  - the `shaderObject` feature is enabled

  - the value of VkApplicationInfo::`apiVersion` used to create the VkInstance parent of `commandBuffer` is greater than or equal to Version 1.3

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-viewportCount-03394
  `viewportCount` must be between `1` and `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`, inclusive

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-viewportCount-03395
  If the `multiViewport` feature is not enabled, `viewportCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-commandBuffer-04819
  `commandBuffer` must not have VkCommandBufferInheritanceViewportScissorInfoNV::`viewportScissor2D` enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-pViewports-parameter
  `pViewports` must be a valid pointer to an array of `viewportCount` valid VkViewport structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewportWithCount-viewportCount-arraylength
  `viewportCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

To dynamically set the scissor count and scissor rectangular bounds, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_3
    void vkCmdSetScissorWithCount(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    scissorCount,
        const VkRect2D*                             pScissors);

or the equivalent command

    // Provided by VK_EXT_extended_dynamic_state, VK_EXT_shader_object
    void vkCmdSetScissorWithCountEXT(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    scissorCount,
        const VkRect2D*                             pScissors);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `scissorCount` specifies the scissor count.

- `pScissors` specifies the scissors to use for drawing.

This command sets the scissor count and scissor rectangular bounds state for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR_WITH_COUNT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the corresponding VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::`scissorCount` and `pScissors` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-None-08971
  At least one of the following must be true:

  - the `extendedDynamicState` feature is enabled

  - the `shaderObject` feature is enabled

  - the value of VkApplicationInfo::`apiVersion` used to create the VkInstance parent of `commandBuffer` is greater than or equal to Version 1.3

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-scissorCount-03397
  `scissorCount` must be between `1` and `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`, inclusive

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-scissorCount-03398
  If the `multiViewport` feature is not enabled, `scissorCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-x-03399
  The `x` and `y` members of `offset` member of any element of `pScissors` must be greater than or equal to `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-offset-03400
  Evaluation of (`offset.x` + `extent.width`) must not cause a signed integer addition overflow for any element of `pScissors`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-offset-03401
  Evaluation of (`offset.y` + `extent.height`) must not cause a signed integer addition overflow for any element of `pScissors`

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-commandBuffer-04820
  `commandBuffer` must not have VkCommandBufferInheritanceViewportScissorInfoNV::`viewportScissor2D` enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-pScissors-parameter
  `pScissors` must be a valid pointer to an array of `scissorCount` VkRect2D structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdSetScissorWithCount-scissorCount-arraylength
  `scissorCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef VkFlags VkPipelineViewportStateCreateFlags;

`VkPipelineViewportStateCreateFlags` is a bitmask type for setting a mask, but is currently reserved for future use.

A pre-rasterization shader stage can direct each primitive to zero or more viewports. The destination viewports for a primitive are selected by the last active pre-rasterization shader stage that has an output variable decorated with `ViewportIndex` (selecting a single viewport) or `ViewportMaskNV` (selecting multiple viewports). The viewport transform uses the viewport corresponding to either the value assigned to `ViewportIndex` or one of the bits set in `ViewportMaskNV`, and taken from an implementation-dependent vertex of each primitive. If `ViewportIndex` or any of the bits in `ViewportMaskNV` are outside the range zero to `viewportCount` minus one for a primitive, or if the last active pre-rasterization shader stage did not assign a value to either `ViewportIndex` or `ViewportMaskNV` for all vertices of a primitive due to flow control, the values resulting from the viewport transformation of the vertices of such primitives are undefined. If the last pre-rasterization shader stage does not have an output decorated with `ViewportIndex` or `ViewportMaskNV`, the viewport numbered zero is used by the viewport transformation.

A single vertex can be used in more than one individual primitive, in primitives such as `VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP`. In this case, the viewport transformation is applied separately for each primitive.

To dynamically set the viewport transformation parameters, call:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    void vkCmdSetViewport(
        VkCommandBuffer                             commandBuffer,
        uint32_t                                    firstViewport,
        uint32_t                                    viewportCount,
        const VkViewport*                           pViewports);

- `commandBuffer` is the command buffer into which the command will be recorded.

- `firstViewport` is the index of the first viewport whose parameters are updated by the command.

- `viewportCount` is the number of viewports whose parameters are updated by the command.

- `pViewports` is a pointer to an array of VkViewport structures specifying viewport parameters.

This command sets the viewport transformation parameters state for subsequent drawing commands when drawing using shader objects, or when the graphics pipeline is created with `VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT` set in VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo::`pDynamicStates`. Otherwise, this state is specified by the `VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo`::`pViewports` values used to create the currently active pipeline.

The viewport parameters taken from element i of `pViewports` replace the current state for the viewport index `firstViewport` + i, for i in [0, `viewportCount`).

Valid Usage

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-firstViewport-01223
  The sum of `firstViewport` and `viewportCount` must be between `1` and `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewports`, inclusive

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-firstViewport-01224
  If the `multiViewport` feature is not enabled, `firstViewport` must be `0`

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-viewportCount-01225
  If the `multiViewport` feature is not enabled, `viewportCount` must be `1`

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-commandBuffer-04821
  `commandBuffer` must not have VkCommandBufferInheritanceViewportScissorInfoNV::`viewportScissor2D` enabled

Valid Usage (Implicit)

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-commandBuffer-parameter
  `commandBuffer` must be a valid VkCommandBuffer handle

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-pViewports-parameter
  `pViewports` must be a valid pointer to an array of `viewportCount` valid VkViewport structures

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-commandBuffer-recording
  `commandBuffer` must be in the recording state

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-commandBuffer-cmdpool
  The `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must support graphics operations

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-videocoding
  This command must only be called outside of a video coding scope

- VUID-vkCmdSetViewport-viewportCount-arraylength
  `viewportCount` must be greater than `0`

Host Synchronization

- Host access to `commandBuffer` must be externally synchronized

- Host access to the `VkCommandPool` that `commandBuffer` was allocated from must be externally synchronized

Command Properties

Command Buffer Levels | Render Pass Scope | Video Coding Scope | Supported Queue Types | Command Type
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Primary Secondary | Both | Outside | Graphics | State

Both VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo and vkCmdSetViewport use `VkViewport` to set the viewport transformation parameters.

The `VkViewport` structure is defined as:

    // Provided by VK_VERSION_1_0
    typedef struct VkViewport {
        float    x;
        float    y;
        float    width;
        float    height;
        float    minDepth;
        float    maxDepth;
    } VkViewport;

- `x` and `y` are the viewport’s upper left corner (x,y).

- `width` and `height` are the viewport’s width and height, respectively.

- `minDepth` and `maxDepth` are the depth range for the viewport.

Note | Despite their names, `minDepth` can be less than, equal to, or greater than `maxDepth`.

The framebuffer depth coordinate `z`f may be represented using either a fixed-point or floating-point representation. However, a floating-point representation must be used if the depth/stencil attachment has a floating-point depth component. If an m-bit fixed-point representation is used, we assume that it represents each value 2 m−1 k​, where k ∈ { 0, 1, …​, 2m-1 }, as k (e.g. 1.0 is represented in binary as a string of all ones).

The viewport parameters shown in the above equations are found from these values as

  ox = `x` + `width` / 2

  oy = `y` + `height` / 2

  oz = `minDepth` (or (`maxDepth` + `minDepth`) / 2 if VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT::`negativeOneToOne` is `VK_TRUE`)

  px = `width`

  py = `height`

  pz = `maxDepth` - `minDepth` (or (`maxDepth` - `minDepth`) / 2 if VkPipelineViewportDepthClipControlCreateInfoEXT::`negativeOneToOne` is `VK_TRUE`)

If a render pass transform is enabled, the values (px,py) and (ox, oy) defining the viewport are transformed as described in render pass transform before participating in the viewport transform.

The application can specify a negative term for `height`, which has the effect of negating the y coordinate in clip space before performing the transform. When using a negative `height`, the application should also adjust the `y` value to point to the lower left corner of the viewport instead of the upper left corner. Using the negative `height` allows the application to avoid having to negate the y component of the `Position` output from the last pre-rasterization shader stage.

The width and height of the implementation-dependent maximum viewport dimensions must be greater than or equal to the width and height of the largest image which can be created and attached to a framebuffer.

The floating-point viewport bounds are represented with an implementation-dependent precision.

Valid Usage

- VUID-VkViewport-width-01770
  `width` must be greater than `0.0`

- VUID-VkViewport-width-01771
  `width` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewportDimensions`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-apiVersion-07917
  If the VK_KHR_maintenance1 extension is not enabled, the VK_AMD_negative_viewport_height extension is not enabled, and VkPhysicalDeviceProperties::`apiVersion` is less than Vulkan 1.1, `height` must be greater than `0.0`

- VUID-VkViewport-height-01773
  The absolute value of `height` must be less than or equal to `VkPhysicalDeviceLimits`::`maxViewportDimensions`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-x-01774
  `x` must be greater than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-x-01232
  (`x` + `width`) must be less than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01775
  `y` must be greater than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01776
  `y` must be less than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01777
  (`y` + `height`) must be greater than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[0]

- VUID-VkViewport-y-01233
  (`y` + `height`) must be less than or equal to `viewportBoundsRange`[1]

- VUID-VkViewport-minDepth-01234
  If the `VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted` extension is not enabled, `minDepth` must be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive

- VUID-VkViewport-maxDepth-01235
  If the `VK_EXT_depth_range_unrestricted` extension is not enabled, `maxDepth` must be between `0.0` and `1.0`, inclusive